gasification in mexico - unam
TRANSCRIPT
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3/29/2012
Gasification in Mexico
Dr. Javier Aguillón Martínez
INSTITUTO
DE
INGENIERÍA
UNAM
Workshop on Carbon Capture and Storage: CO2
Capture, Mexico 28th-30th March 2012
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Countries with Big Gasification Projects
Fuente: SFA Pacific, GTC Analysis
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Guscor de México
Biomass Gasifier
600-1,200 kWe
Comercial Gasifiers in Mexico
Plasma Gasification
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Major Mexican Universities and Research
Institutes with Theoretical Works of Gasification
UNAM (Mexico City)
UAEM (Cuernavaca)
UANL (San Nicolas de los Garzas)
ININ (Toluca)
IIE (Cuernavaca)
IMP (Mexico City)
ITESM (Monterrey)
CENIDET (Cuernavaca)
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Experimental ITESM GASIFIER
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Institute of Engineering – UNAM
Pilot Plant of Biomass Gasification
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Mexican Biomass Fuels
Henequen and rice husks
Cascarilla de arroz, Fuente: IRRI (2006)
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Sugarcane bagasse
Mexican Biomass Fuels
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Mexican Biomass Fuels Forest, Agricultural and Muncipal Residues
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Gasifier Modeling
Biomass Fuels
Dimensional Parameters Design
12 Chemical Species Generation
Mass and Energy Balances
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Manure and Sewage Sludge
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Modeling for Particle Size [m]
a) Manure b) Sewage Slude
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Generation of electricity for lighting in some streets of University
City through the gasification of biomass waste
Macroproyecto La Ciudad Universitaria y la Energía.
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OBJETIVE
The main objective is to develop a pilot
plant of biomass gasification system in
order to obtain a practical experience on
this technology
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DFP
Conceptual Engineering
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AIR
Syngas
CO,CO2,H2,CH4,N2
Hot air
DIESEL
10-70 kg/hr
627 m3/h
30 % Humidity
2-5 cm.
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Cleaning System Design
60 Nm³/h
(2 atm y 600 ºC)
Particles, 5 g/m³
Tars, 2 g/m³
60 Nm³/h
(1.96 atm y 130 ºC)
Particles, 1.5 g/m³
Tars, 2 g/m³
60 Nm³/h
(1.97 atm y 600 ºC)
Particles, 1.5 g/m³
Tars, 2 g/m³
60 Nm³/h
(1.75-1.93 atm y ≈130 ºC)
Particles, 0.0015 g/m³
Tars, ≈0.01 g/m³
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Gasification Laboratory Construction
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Major Measurements Devices for The Pilot Plant System
Calorimeter
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Chromatrogram
Mixing Patron
Syngas Components
Especification
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 20.0 cmol/mol
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 11.1 cmol/mol
Metane (CH4) 4.9 cmol/mol
Hydrogen (H2) 12.0 cmol/mol
Nitrogen (N2) Balance
•Fuente: Certificado expedido el 24/07/2007 con No. de folio 5204,
INFRA, S.A. de C.V.
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Risk Analysis
CO Distribution from Simulation
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Numerical Simulation of Syngas
Combustion with a Multi-spark Ignition
System in a Diesel Engine Adapted to
Work at the Otto Cycle
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THE DIESEL ENGINE MODEL “OM 447 LA”
Parameters
Number of cylinders 6
Strock 4
Diameter of the
cylinders
128 mm
Race pistons 155 mm
Total volume of
cylinder
11967 cm3
Compression ratio 17.25:1
Maximum torque 204 kgfm @ 1450/min
Specific consumption 141 g/cvh @ 1500/min
Maximum power 265 kW (360 cv) @ 2300/min
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0).(t
kk
kk
MJYt
Y.).(
CONSERVACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA
..).( Pt
qPet
et
t .).().().(
Theorical Mass, Energy and Chemical
Species Modelations
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2 Dimensions Thermodynamic Simulation
0j
jxMdt
d
dt
dmm
j
jjquímicoperdidas hmQQWdt
dEE
oiopérdidas TTAhQ
b
aa
ffquimico ebaQmQ0
10
dt
dVPVPW
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Energía del gas de síntesis en función del ángulo del cigueñal
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
144
148
152
156
160
164
168
172
176
180
184
188
192
196
200
204
208
212
216
Ángulo del cigueñal, grados
En
erg
ía d
el
gas
de s
ínte
sis
(MJ/
Nm
3s)
1000 rpm 1500 rpm 2000 rpm
Syngas Energy vs Crank Angle
1.27
0.97
1.18
b
aa
ffquimico ebaQmQ0
10
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Variación de la potencia eléctrica en función del ángulo del
cigüeñal y las revoluciones por minuto
48.7
98.0
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
Ángulo del cigueñal (grados)
Pote
ncia
elé
ctr
ica (
kW
e)
1000 rpm 1500 rpm 2000 rpm
Electrical Power vs Crank Angle
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Potencia relativa para varias razones de compresión
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
1000 1500 2000
Veocidad del motor (rpm)
Po
ten
cia
rela
tiva (
%)
RC 4.7 RC 6.6 RC 8.5 RC 10.3
RC 11.75 RC 13.9
Relative Power vs RPMs
65-71
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Octane Number vs Compression Ratio
Requerimientos de octanaje para una combustión sin
peturbaciones a varias razones de compresión
77.6
40.0
88.2 96.4 102.0 104.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5 6 7 8 9 10
Razón de compresión
Nú
mero
de O
cta
no
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Temperature
Tiempo Tiempo Δr (mm) Δr (mm) Δr (mm) Δr (mm) Δr (mm) Δz (mm)
(ms) (grados) 64.0-51.2 51.2-38.4 38.4-25.6 25.6-12.8 12.8-0.0
4.5 157.5 841 1545 1777 1042 1044 0.0-29.3
9.0 180.0 1457 1769 1838 1290 1250 29.3-58.6
13.5 202.5 1829 1888 1880 1466 1402 58.6-88.0
18.0 225.0 1934 1934 1906 1592 1520 88.0-117.3
22.5 247.5 1961 1961 1950 1865 1831 117.3-146.6
27.0 270.0 1962 1962 1958 1942 1935 146.6-175.9
Perfil de temperatura
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 27.0
Tiempo (ms)
Tem
pera
tura
(K
)
Δr (m) 12.8-0.0 Δr (m) 25.6-12.8 Δr (m) 38.4-25.6
Δr (m) 51.2-38.4 Δr (m) 64.0-51.2
Numerical Modeling to Simulate Temperature Profiles
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Pressure
Perfil de presión
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 27.0
Tiempo (ms)
Pre
sió
n (
bar)
Δr (mm) 12.8-0.0 Δr (mm) 25.6-12.8 Δr (mm) 38.4-25.6
Δr (mm) 51.2-38.4 Δr (mm) 64.0-51.2
Tiempo Tiempo Δr (mm) Δr (mm) Δr (mm) Δr (mm) Δr (mm) Δz (mm)
(ms) (grados) 64.0-51.2 51.2-38.4 38.4-25.6 25.6-12.8 12.8-0.0
4.5 157.5 0.48 0.49 1.82 6.04 17.91 0.0-29.3
9.0 180.0 0.43 0.43 0.55 0.99 4.25 29.3-58.6
13.5 202.5 0.41 0.42 0.45 0.17 0.74 58.6-88.0
18.0 225.0 0.40 0.42 0.40 0.11 0.35 88.0-117.3
22.5 247.5 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.59 0.51 117.3-146.6
27.0 270.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 146.6-175.9
Numerical Modeling to Simulate Pressure Piston
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CO
Tiempo Tiempo Δr (m) Δr (m) Δr (m) Δr (m) Δr (m) Δz (mm)
(ms) (grados) 64.0-51.2 51.2-38.4 38.4-25.6 25.6-12.8 12.8-0.0
4.5 157.5 0.0900 0.0778 0.0688 0.0976 0.0975 0.0-29.3
9.0 180.0 0.0811 0.0681 0.0662 0.0882 0.0898 29.3-58.6
13.5 202.5 0.0649 0.0625 0.0643 0.0815 0.0840 58.6-88.0
18.0 225.0 0.0598 0.0601 0.0632 0.0765 0.0794 88.0-117.3
22.5 247.5 0.0584 0.0587 0.0608 0.0654 0.0670 117.3-146.6
27.0 270.0 0.0580 0.0581 0.0593 0.0608 0.0613 146.6-175.9
Concentración de monóxido de carbono
0.0500
0.0550
0.0600
0.0650
0.0700
0.0750
0.0800
0.0850
0.0900
0.0950
0.1000
4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 27.0
Tiempo (ms)
Fra
cció
n d
e m
on
óxid
o d
e
carb
on
oΔr (m) 12.8-0.0 Δr (m) 25.6-12.8 Δr (m) 38.4-25.6
Δr (m) 51.2-38.4 Δr (m) 64.0-51.2
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Hydrogen
Tiempo Tiempo Δr (m) Δr (m) Δr (m) Δr (m) Δr (m) Δz (mm)
(ms) (grados) 64.0-51.2 51.2-38.4 38.4-25.6 25.6-12.8 12.8-0.0
4.5 157.5 0.0274 0.0205 0.0181 0.0255 0.0255 0.0-29.3
9.0 180.0 0.0215 0.0183 0.0175 0.0231 0.0235 29.3-58.6
13.5 202.5 0.0177 0.0171 0.0171 0.0213 0.0219 58.6-88.0
18.0 225.0 0.0167 0.0166 0.0168 0.0200 0.0207 88.0-117.3
22.5 247.5 0.0164 0.0164 0.0164 0.0172 0.0175 117.3-146.6
27.0 270.0 0.0164 0.0164 0.0164 0.0165 0.0145 146.6-175.9
Concentración de hidrógeno
0.0100
0.0120
0.0140
0.0160
0.0180
0.0200
0.0220
0.0240
0.0260
0.0280
0.0300
4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 27.0
Tiempo (ms)
Fra
cció
n d
e h
idró
gen
o
Δr (m) 12.8-0.0 Δr (m) 25.6-12.8 Δr (m) 38.4-25.6
Δr (m) 51.2-38.4 Δr (m) 64.0-51.2
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cranftshaft
Auxiliaries Adapted Systems Devices
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Engine Adaptation Study
A.Modification of engine head
B. Substitution of valve holders
Spark
Valve Holders
(High Chromium)
New Valve Holders
Non Magnetic Nickel)
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C. Modification of pistons
D. RPM sensor instalation
V = 122.74 cm3
R = 17.25
Spherical head
V = 204.56 cm3
R = 10.35
Plane head
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Implementation of an Electronic Starting System
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Comercial Sensors
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Engine
Computer
Combustion Actuators
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Numerical Simulation of Syngas Combustion with a Multi-
spark Ignition System in a Diesel Engine Adapted to
Work at The Otto Cycle
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Future Work Funtional test will be carried out individually for each
device to have the equipments working right for the
biomass gasification laboratory
Feedback some empirical coefficients to improve the
simulation models
Characterization of differents mixtures of biomass for
the production of electric energy
Assessment of data repeatability
Preliminary studies will be made in order to have
the CO2 capture simulation and experimental work
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Institute of Engineering – UNAM
Biomass Gasifier
Thanks for your atention!
Dr Javier Aguillón