Facoltà di EconomiaCdL Economia e Management

Turismo

Lingua Inglese per il TurismoSARDINIA TOURIST GUIDES

Luisanna FoddeFacoltà di EconomiaUniversità di Cagliari

L. Fodde TOURIST GUIDES

1. TOURIST GUIDES

2.ORGANIZATION OF TOURIST GUIDES

3.LANGUAGE FEATURES OF TOURIST

GUIDES

4.DISCOURSE FEATURES OF TOURIST

GUIDE

1. TOURIST GUIDES

Early examples of tourist guides

DH Lawrence “Sea and Sardinia”

Have you ever used a tourist guide?

When? How? Before, during or after a trip?

L. Fodde & M. Memoli “Mental maps and Language maps: a multidisciplinary approach”

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1. TOURIST GUIDES

TOURIST DISCOURSE:Tourist guides, tourist brochures, tourist advertising, tourist website

TOURIST GUIDESNOT VERY PERSUASIVETOTALLY UNIVOCAL – ABSENCE OF IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK NOT AN OFFER …. Why?BECAUSE THE TOURIST HAS ALREADY MADE HIS/HER CHOICEL. Fodde & M. Memoli “Mental maps and Language maps: a multidisciplinary approach”

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1. TOURIST GUIDES

HYBRID GENREThey are descriptive; They also show typical features of promotional discourse- e.g. imperative, exhortative, of procedural discourse – e.g. recipes – of signs discourse – e.g.road maps

GUIDES ARE COMPANION TO A JOURNEY – HAVE MATERNAL FUNCTIONWHAT IS THE TOURIST’S ATTITUDE TOWARD A GUIDE?INTERROGATION AND QUEST AS FOR A DICTIONARY

2. TOURIST GUIDES STRUCTURE

The Lonely Planet The Cadogan Guide

CARTOGRAPHY: photo, pictures, graphs, color /b&w

INTRODUCTION: What are the typical elements of each guide? (Editorial standards)

THE GUIDE: Organization of chapters

LAST CHAPTERS (extra features): What do they include?(Cfr. LP 1-5; CG 1-4)

3. TOURIST GUIDES LANGUAGE FEATURES

Laudatory dimension Exhortative and conative elements

USE OF THE IMPERATIVE

“submerge yourself”, “marvel at the ancient building”, “meander through …”, “follow the ...”, “lounge around ...”,

What is the purpose of exhortation and laudation?

3. TOURIST GUIDES DISCOURSE FEATURES

Evaluation:taking a stance, expressing our opinion….

The values invested in the evaluation are commonly axiological – ethical, aesthetical, religious. Generally speaking, they confer significance to the evaluated element. WOMEN TRAVELLERS (LP 46-47); CG 203; LP 204Positive and Negative evaluations (31 CG; LP 83; 203; 204 )

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF NEGATIVE EVALUATIONS?

3. TOURIST GUIDES DISCOURSE FEATURES

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF NEGATIVE EVALUATIONS?

IRONY AND COLLOQUIALISM

CG 65; CG 48; CG 58; LP 50-52

Why using irony and colloquialism in tourist descriptions?

3. TOURIST GUIDES DISCOURSE FEATURES

TYPE OF TOURIST READERS(LOOK AT THE GUIDES STRUCTURE)

Who are the protagonists of the tourist interaction?READER/TOURIST/ TRAVELLER:

What are the words used to define them?

When do writers and readers coincide?

(LP 47; 80; 204; CG 114; CG 80).

3. TOURIST GUIDES DISCOURSE FEATURES

THE WRITER’S INVOLVEMENTThe Costa Smeralda (CG 232-233; LP 129)

How does the writer describe this place for tourist purposes?

What is his/her involvement? How is it expressed?

Is the reader encouraged to visit it?

What are the most interesting expressions used to this purpose?

L. Fodde & M. Memoli “Mental maps and Language maps: a multidisciplinary approach”

DISCOURSE FEATUERE Guides in Miniature

Chaining Strategies: traditional spatial and sequential relations.HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIRECTIONS

(LP, 219) (CG, 102); (CG, 103) (LP, 223-231)

L. Fodde & M. Memoli “Mental maps and Language maps: a multidisciplinary approach”

TOURIST GUIDES

Reader-oriented strategies. An imaginary tour of Cagliari.

The reader is carried along on an imaginary tour

(LP 222)

L. Fodde & M. Memoli “Mental maps and Language maps: a multidisciplinary approach”

Comparisons, superlatives, quotationsWhy are they important in international communication?

What are comparisons?

Who is the compared object?Who is the comparing object?

What is the point of using comparisons in tourist discourse?CG 40-44-47; LP 16-146- 29

L. Fodde & M. Memoli “Mental maps and Language maps: a multidisciplinary approach”

Clichès & quotations

IMPORTANT FEATURES IN A CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT

Definition and examples of cliché in our culture (appellative cliché)

CG: 22-38-46-51; LP 15-21-204-173-

L. Fodde & M. Memoli “Mental maps and Language maps: a multidisciplinary approach”

Clichès & quotations

What is a quotation?

Why do we use quotations?

In writing?In speaking?

(CG 28- 29-32-33-46-49-58)

L. Fodde & M. Memoli “Mental maps and Language maps: a multidisciplinary approach”

ASPECTS OF SARDITA’

What gives Sardinia a unique/single character?

Is it the sea, the mountains, the people?

Is there an a-priori image of Sardinia?(CG 44-LP 9-10)