STOCKHOLM CITY OF GREEN, BLUE AND CLEAN

KKKA6414

Task 4 :

EU BEST PRACTICE

by;

MOHD ROZAIDI BIN ISMAIL

[ P72431 ]

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY

WASTE MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION

LAND USE MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION The City of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, has pursued integrated city planning and management to become a sustainable city.

Profile of Stockholm The capital of Sweden, located in the northern part of Europe Total area : 209 km² (land 188 km²; water 21 km²) City Area : 187 km² Population (2013) : 887,774 Density Level : 16.7 people / acre Governing bodies : - City of Stockholm - Stockholm County Council Source : USK (2013)

HISTORY The History of Stockholm Stockholm was built much because of the waterways. The land was high in these days, making it impossible to travel by boat or ship between Lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. Instead, everything on the vessels, brought for the purpose of trade, had to be reloaded in Stockholm. The goods transported were; iron, copper, tar and fur. Being located in a strategic spot, as it were, trade was an important factor, and, therefore, it became vital to fortify the islands of the inner city with a wall. The old Stockholm was located on Helgeandsholmen which grew up during the 13th century. It was not long, however, until the city moved in between the bridges, and we know this part of the city as the Old Town. The name Stockholm is first heard of in the chronicle of Eric (Eriks krönikan), probably written between 1322 and 1332. According to this chronicle Stockholm was founded by Birger Jarl in 1252. It was named Stockholm, as referring to the town in between the bridges. During the 19th century, the city was re-built and the old quarters were renewed, and a number of public buildings were erected, such as; hospitals, railway stations, post offices. The trams were made the main transportation system in Stockholm. Now, the working class was moved out into the suburbs, Sundbyberg being the first, then others followed rapidly. The elite, however, began moving out into Djursholm, where villas were erected.

Waste Management The City of Stockholm has a century long tradition of waste incineration and waste-to-energy management. In 2007, the total amount of waste per capita was 597 kg per person and year in Stockholm. The city has an excellent waste treatment system, and uses innovative methods such as vacuum controlled underground transportation of solid waste. 25% of the waste produced by Stockholm citizens is recycled. Packaging materials are collected for material recycling by the contractors of the producer’s collection system. Bulky houshold waste is collected directly from the house or apartment blocks, or disposed of at Recycling Centres.

Turning waste into energy

For small groups there might be a possiblity of visiting recycling centres. 73.5% is turned into production of district heating (energy recovery by incineration). Today more than 70% of Stockholm households have access to district heating, partly produced by energy recovered from household . 1.5% is biologically treated. Swedish legislation does not allow organic waste to be sent to landfill. In Stockholm all separately collected food waste is recycled as biogas and fertiliser. Hazardous waste is collected by the ‘Haz-Mat’truck - designed as a mobile collection point which stops at 110 different stations around the city (460 stops per year). The Strategic Waste Management Plan for the City of Stockholm 2008-2012 contains both bylaws and a description of the waste management in Stockholm. It contains strategic objectives, assigned measures and targets.

Sustainable waste-water treatment The waste water from Stockholm and some neighbouring areas is treated in two plants that serve a combined population of 1 million. The water is treated with advanced technology for removing nitrogen and phosphorous, exceeding the ambitions of the EU Urban Waste Water Directive. Biogas is produced in the waste-water treatment plant and then upgraded for use in public buses as well as private cars and taxis. The excess heat in the sewage water is recovered for domestic heating. No water is reused.

Public transportation called Storstockholms Local traffic (SL), Stockholm Public Transport. 90% of Stockholm residents live within 300 metres of public transportwith an hourly or more frequent service.• During peak hours, 78% of all trips to the inner city are made by public transport. Many Stockholm visitors also use public transportation as a means of getting around the city. The public transportation system is operated by Lokaltrafik and includes a bus, train and subway system. Visitors should strongly consider purchasing a 72 hour or weekly Access Card ticket, which offers unlimited ride access to all modes of public transportation and makes getting to anywhere in Stockholm and easy and inexpensive process. The most usual method of getting around via public transportation is the subway system, also known as The Metro, The Tunnelbana and the T-bana. This system is reported to be safe, clean, and efficient. Travelers who want to get from one destination to another quickly often choose this method. However, because this is an underground system, visitors are not able to see the sights while traveling this way. The commuter train (pendeltåg) is also fairly frequent. The stops are much more widely spaced than the T-bana, and travel between them is quicker. It extends about 50km from central Stockholm. The sign denoting pendeltåg stations is a J.

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Buses tend to go pretty much everywhere. There are also large number of bus lines. It's worth noting that they are a lot slower to get around the centre than other modes of transport, as they take rather indirect routes to fill in the space between the T-bana lines. There are several light rail lines that run to more isolated suburbs or offer shortcuts between different parts of the city, while there is also one tram line. Tram 7 runs from Sergels Torg to Waldemarsudde and passes through a large number of the most popular tourist attractions.

Stockholm City Bikes • Purchase a bike card

• 68% of all trips within the city centre are made on foot or by bicycle

• Stockholm is connected by over 760 km of bike lanes. There is also aninternet-based travel planner for bikers, covering both the inner city and neighbouring municipalities Stockholm Ring Road Ring road beltway is a highway that encircles an urban area so that traffic does not have to pass through the center. The Swedish capital Stockholm looks to a future with less traffic in the city. Traffic will soon be re-routed away from the centre to a new ring road around Stockholm, complete with an urban motorway named Norra Länken – Northern Connection.

Land Use Management Total area : 209 km² (land 188 km²; water 21 km²)

City Area : 187 km² Resident : 850,000 (2012) Stockholm sits Malaren drains into Baltic Sea. Spread across 14 islands and most tourist attractions in Stockholm can be reached on foot and can experience culture, natural scenery and big-city excitement all within a single day. All planning applications in Stockholm are based on life-cycle cost analysis. Stockholm is crafting policies and using planning to create a more sustainable society.

The planning system in Sweden is termed “community planning”, which is a system that focuses on enhancing or altering the production and consumption of society that is normally left up to the market to determine.

Stockholm’s land area is nearly 1/3 urban, 1/3 water, and 1/3 green space. Stockholm spreads over 14 islands, with 57 bridges connecting the city. There is a sound that runs through central Stockholm, which holds the largest number of fish species in the region. a. Connective corridors Stockholm features regional green wedges that connect from central city parks to the suburbs of Stockholm County wherever possible. These create both human enjoyment, and aid in maintaining the natural bio-diversity of the area.

b. Anchors There are 12 large parks in Stockholm, each over 200 acres. These account for 1/3 of Stockholm’s total open space. Ekoparken—This Park is the World’s first urban national park, established in 1995. The park’s total acreage is 6,670. Ekoparken is a typical Swedish park, in that it has both ecological value, as a home for rare insects and birds, and cultural value for Stockholmers.

c. Neighborhood parks Neighborhood parks and community gardens account for nearly another third of Stockholm’s park system.

d. Natural areas and Shoreline Wooded areas, and former farms that are publicly owned account for 1/5 of Stockholm’s open space. Eighty-percent of Stockholm’s shoreline is publicly accessible, often featuring walking and bike trails.

e. Residential courtyards Green and Living courtyards program. The City of Stockholm will provide assistance for residents or property owners who wish to create a greener, sustainable courtyard for their residential building. More than 90% of the population lives within 300 metres of a green area. In total, Stockholm boasts as a green city which made of approximately 30% of the city’s area.