contentsassets.pearsonschool.com/asset_mgr/pending/is_g6_ohio_toc.pdfenter the lab zone for hands-on...

lesson 1 The Skills of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

lesson 2Scientific Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

lesson 3Answering Scientific Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Inquiry Skill: Control Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

mathdo the Interpreting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . 30 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34• Sandy Habitats • Healing with Magnetism

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Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: Changing Pitch • Open Inquiry: Changing Pitch

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Exploring Science • How to Thing Scientifically • Doing Science is Asking Questions

Quick Labs: • Practicing Science Skills • Exploring Scientific Thinking • Using Scientific Reasoning • Scientific Discovery • Making a Hypothesis • Theory or Not?

What Is Science? The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxiv What does it mean to think like a scientist?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Related Word Forms . . . . .2Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Scenario Investigation: This Isn’t Science! . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

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Go online for engaging videos, interactivities, and virtual labs.

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lesson 1Measurement in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40mathdo the Calculating Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

lesson 2Math in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50mathdo the Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51mathdo the Percent Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

lesson 3Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Inquiry Skill: Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

lesson 4Using Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

mathdo the Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

lesson 5Safety in the Science Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . 80 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84• Bakelite: Molding the Future • Caffeine Causes Hallucinations

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• Directed Inquiry: Super Models • Open Inquiry: Super Models

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Taking Measurements • Making Models • Picturing Information • Models and Science • Is Science Safe?

Quick Labs: • Measurement Systems • Measuring Volume in Metric • Understanding Significant Figures • Math Tools in Science • Making Graphs • Graphs and Predictions • Systems of Science • Models of Natural Systems • Be Prepared to Be Safe in the Lab. • In Case of an Emergency

The Tools of Science The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 What tools do scientists use to understand the

natural world?

Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

STEM Activity: Out of the Corner of Your Eye . . . . . . . . . 38

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lesson 1Properties of Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90mathdo the Calculate Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Inquiry Skill: Form Operational Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

lesson 2Classifying Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101, 102

lesson 3Igneous Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

lesson 4Sedimentary Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

lesson 5Metamorphic Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

lesson 6The Rock Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

lesson 7Fossil Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

mathdo the Interpret a Circle Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .130 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136• Struggling to Survive • Waiter, There’s a Mineral in My Soup!

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Minerals and Rocks The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 How do rocks form?

Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Scenario Investigation: My Rock Tells a Story . . . . . . . . 88



• Directed Inquiry: Testing Rock Flooring • Open Inquiry: Testing Rock Flooring

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What’s in a Piece of Coal? • How Does the Rate of Cooling Affect Crystals • How Do Rocks Compare? • Liquid to Solid • Earth’s Coral Reefs • A Sequined Rock • Recycling Rocks

Quick Labs: • Observing Oil’s Consistency • Fossil Fuels • Classifying Objects as Minerals • What Is the True Color of a Mineral? • Classify These Rocks • How Do Igneous Rocks Form? • The Rocks Around Us • How Does Pressure Affect Particles of Rock? • What Causes Layers? • How Do Grain Patterns Compare? • Which Rock Came First?


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lesson 1 Rocks and Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144mathdo the Which Weathered Faster? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Inquiry Skill: Control Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

lesson 2 How Soil Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Inquiry Skill: Form Operational Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

lesson 3 Soil Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

lesson 4Conserving Land and Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163, 164

lesson 5Mass Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166



Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174• Hasta la Vista, Regular Concrete • The Plant Doctor

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Weathering and Soil The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 What processes break down rock?

Vocabulary Skill: Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Scenario Investigation: In Memory of Winifred . . . . . . 142



• Directed Inquiry: Investigating Soils and Drainage • Open Inquiry: Investigating Soils and Drainage

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Does Mining Affect the Land? • How Fast Can It Fizz? • What Is Soil? • How Can You Keep Soil From Washing Away?

Quick Labs: • Land Use • Modeling Soil Conservation • Freezing and Thawing • Rusting Away • It’s All on the Surface • The Contents of Soil • Using It Up Soil Conservation

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lesson 1Describing Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Inquiry Skill: Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

lesson 2Speed and Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186, 187, 189 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . 192 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196• The Race for Speed • Stop Sign

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Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Stopping on a Dime • Open Inquiry: Stopping on a Dime

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What Is Motion? • How Fast and How Far?

Quick Labs: • Identifying Motion • Velocity • Motion Graphs

Motion The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 How do you describe the motion of an object?

Vocabulary Skill: High-Use Academic Words . . . . 178Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Scenario Investigation: The Mayor is Worried . . . . . . . 180

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lesson 1What Is Energy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202mathdo the Calculate Kinetic Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

lesson 2Forms of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

lesson 3Energy Transformations and Conservation . . . . 212

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .218 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222• Charge It • Catch and No Release

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Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Can You Feel the Power? • Open Inquiry: Can You Feel the Power?

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How High Does a Ball Bounce? • What Makes a Flashlight Shine? • What Would Make a Card Jump?

Quick Labs: • Mass, Velocity, and Kinetic Energy • Determining Mechanical Energy • Sources of Energy • Soaring Straws • Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 How is energy conserved in a transformation?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . 198Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Scenario Investigation: stuck at the Top . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

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lesson 1 Describing Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230


lesson 2 Classifying Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232


lesson 3 Measuring Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240, 241, 242, 243

lesson 4 Changes in Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

mathdo the Analyzing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258• Long Ago in a Faraway Land . . . • An Antiuniverse?

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Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Making Sense of Density • Open Inquiry: Making Sense of Density

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Do You Describe Matter? • What Is a Mixture? • Which Has More Mass? • Is a New Substance Formed?

Quick Labs: • Observing Physical Properties • Modeling Atoms and Molecules • Separating Mixtures • Calculating Volume • What Is a Physical Change? • Demonstrating Tarnishing • Where Was the Energy?

Introduction to Matter The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 How is matter described?

Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227STEM Activity: Crystal Clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

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lesson 1 States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266


mathdo the Using Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

lesson 2 Changes of State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

lesson 3 Gas Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Inquiry Skill: Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

mathdo the Analyzing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290• Scuba Diving • A Shocking State • Growing Snow

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Solids, Liquids, and Gases The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Why does a substance change states?

Vocabulary Skill: Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Scenario Investigation: My Glass is Leaking . . . . . . . . . 264


Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Melting Ice • Open Inquiry: Melting Ice

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases? • What Happens When You Breathe on a Mirror? • How Can Air Keep Chalk From Breaking?

Quick Labs: • Modeling Particles • As Thick as Honey • How Do the Particles in a Gas Move? • Keeping Cool • Observing Sublimation • How Are Pressure and Temperature Related? • Hot and Cold Balloons • It’s a Gas

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lesson 1Discovering Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Inquiry Skill: Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

lesson 2Looking Inside Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

lesson 3Chemical Compounds in Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314mathdo the Read and Interpret a Bar Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

lesson 4The Cell in Its Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323, 325

lesson 5Cell Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326mathdo the Read and Interpret a Circle Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

lesson 6What is Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Inquiry Skill: Control Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . .344 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350• Electron Eyes • The Genographic Project • Athletic Trainer

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• Directed Inquiry: Design and Build a Microscope • Open Inquiry: Design and Build a Microscope

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What are the Yeast Cells Doing? • What Can You See? • How Large Are Cells? • Detecting Starch • Diffusion in Action

Quick Labs: • Observing Mitosis • Modeling Mitosis • Comparing Cells • Observing Cells • Gelatin Cell Model • Tissues, Organs, Systems • What Is a Compound? • What’s That Taste? • Effect of Concentration on Diffusion

Introduction to Cells The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 What are cells made of?

Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Scenario Investigation: The Cell Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

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lesson 1What Is a Plant? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

lesson 2Classifying Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

mathdo the Interpret a Circle Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

lesson 3What Is an Animal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372


lesson 4Animal Body Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386• Planting Roots in Outer Space • A Slimy Defense • Supercooling Frogs

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Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What Do Leaves Reveal About Plants? • Will Mosses Absorb Water? • Is It an Animal? • How Many Ways Can You Fold It?

Quick Labs: • Algae and Other Plants • Local Plant Diversity • Masses of Mosses • Examining a Fern • Common Characteristics • Get Moving • Classifying Animals • Organizing Animal Bodies • Front-End Advantages

Plant and Animal Structures The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 How do you know an animal when you see it?

Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Scenario Investigation: Fantasy Zoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

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lesson 1Skeletons and Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394


lesson 2The Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

lesson 3Animal Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404mathdo the Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418• Lights, Camera, Shark Action! • “Feet” of Engineering

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Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: A Snail’s Pace • Open Inquiry: A Snail’s Pace

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Will It Bend and Move? • Sending Signals • Hydra Doing?

Quick Labs: • Comparing Bone and Cartilage • What Do Muscles Do? • Design a Nervous System • Compare Nervous Systems • Webbing Along

Getting Around The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 How do animals move?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . 390Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Scenario Investigation: Mealworm Migration . . . . . . . . 392

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lesson 1How Animals Obtain and Digest Food . . . . . . . . . . .426

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Inquiry Skill: Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426, 428

mathdo the Use Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

lesson 2How Animals Obtain Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

lesson 3Circulation and Excretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452• A Free Lunch? • Skin or Gills?

Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500

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Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Looking at an Owl’s Leftovers • Open Inquiry: Looking at an Owl’s Leftovers

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Do Snakes Feed? • How Does Water Flow Over a Fish’s Gills? • Getting Oxygen

Quick Labs: • Planarian Feeding Behavior • How Do Animals Get Oxygen? • Comparing Respiratory Systems • Comparing Circulatory Systems • Double-Loop Circulation • Modeling a Kidney

Obtaining Energy The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 How do animals get and use energy?

Vocabulary Skill: Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Scenario Investigation: The Stomach Stone Controversy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

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