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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Ribosome (attached)
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Vacuole
Nucleolus
NucleusSmooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome (free)
Ribosome (attached)
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Centrioles
Animal Cell
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Cell Membranes
Double layer of Phospholipids – barrier
Proteins embedded in lipids
Receptors, Carriers & Connections
Fluid Mosaic Model – membrane is a liquid with proteins floating around in it.
Selectively permeable – only certain things can pass in or out of the cell.
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Cell Membrane
Cell membranes lipid bilayer.
Lipid bilayer
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Cell Membrane
Protein molecules embedded within.
Protein channel
Proteins
Carbohydrate chains
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Cell Walls
Cell Wall
The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.
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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Cytoplasm
Mostly made up of water
Contains all cell organelles
Carries out all cell chemistry
Moves by cytoplasmic streaming
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Nucleus
The Nucleus is the control center of the cell.
Nucleolus Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Chromatin
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Nucleus
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane.
The membrane has many large pores.
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
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Nucleus
Chromatin consists of DNA bound to protein.
Chromosomes are coiled
chromatin strands.
Chromatin
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Nucleus
Most nuclei also contain a nucleolus.
The nucleolus is where RNA is produced.
Nucleolus
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Mitochondrion
Mitochondria produce energy for the cell.
Mitochondria have a double membrane.
The inner membrane (cristae) is highly folded.
The cristae contain enzymes for respiration.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Double layered membranes
3-D system of canals folding back and forth around the cell
The endoplasmic reticulum is a transport system for proteins.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Rough Rough Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER is covered with ribosomes.
Smooth ER does not have ribosomes.
Ribosomes produce all cell proteins.
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Cell Size Lab - Data Table
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Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
• The Golgi packages proteins from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion out of the cell.
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Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi appears as a stack of membranes with many vesicles around it.
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are filled with digestive enzymes.
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Vacuoles
Vacuoles
Single membrane sacs for storage.
Types:Water vacuoles
Food vacuoles
Contractile vacuoles
Pigment storage
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Vacuoles
Plant have a single, large central vacuole.
The pressure provides internal support.
Vacuole
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Vacuoles
The paramecium contains a contractile vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell.
Contractile vacuole
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
ChloroplastChloroplasts
Chloroplasts capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes.
The inner membrane is stacked (grana).
The grana contain enzymes for photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides support & movement movement.
The cytoskeleton is made up of:
• Microfilaments – thin, thread-like
• microtubules – hollow tubes
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Microtubule
Microfilament
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Cytoskeleton
Centrioles are located near the nucleus to organize cell division.
There are 2 at right angles to each other.
Cilia – many, short, whip-like action
Flagella – few, long, propeller action
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7-2
In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as
a. a dense region called the nucleolus.
b. the nuclear envelope.
c. granular material called chromatin.
d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
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7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to
a. break down organelles.
b. assemble proteins.
c. maintain homeostasis.
d. make new organelles.
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7-2
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
a. plants only.
b. plants and some other organisms.
c. all eukaryotes.
d. most prokaryotes.
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7-2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?
a. synthesize proteins.
b. modify proteins.
c. sort proteins.
d. package proteins.
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7-2
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
a. manufactures new cell organelles
b. assists in movement of some cells from one place to another
c. releases energy in cells
d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins