ECO: Rail-based intermodal transport

corridors

TC Department, Economic Cooperation Organzation

TC

ESCAP Seminar on Railway Network Connectivity & Infrastructure Challenges

Contents: ❖Connectivity❖Institutional Mechanism❖Challenges: Infrastructure/Connectivity❖Regional initiatives

TC

ECO-ESCAP Railway Connectivity:

KTI

✓MoU

✓MoA✓KTI Project

TC

KTI CMM

Institutional mechanism: ECO-

ESCAP KTI Project: CMM

TTFA TAR

TC

Istanbul-Almaty & Almaty-Bandar Abbas

Almaty

Istanbul-

AlmatyIstanbul

Almaty-

Bandar

Abbas

Bandar

Abbas

TC

Feasibility study

2016

Study on

commercialization

2018

Turkmenbashi

Declaration

(para4) 2018

RPC, December

2017

14th COM, April

2018

Infrastructure challenges

✓Gauge

✓Rolling stock

TC

Harmonization of international multimodal

railway standards

TC

Adherence to int. transport standards on

intermodal railway system

ECO TIR Kyoto

Convention

COTIF/CIM SMGS CMR ADR

Afghanistan * +

Azerbaijan + + + + + +

Iran + + + + +

Kazakhstan + + + + +

Kyrgyzstan + + + +

Pakistan + + +

Tajikistan + + + + +

Turkey + + + +

Turkmenistan + + +

Uzbekistan + + +

TC

Harmonization through capacity building: Transit Transport Framework Agreement of ECO

(TTFA)

Capacity building:

▪TTFA

▪TIR

▪CMR

▪SMGS

▪SMPS

▪ADR

▪AETR

▪ATP

UNECE, ESCAP, IDB, IRU, ICT

TC

Rehabilitation, upgradation, construction of missing links

(paras 4-5, Turkmenbashi Declaration)

ITI

•The freight train would carry textile, cotton, medical tools, furniture, fruits, machinery and parts, chemical products, paper, car spares and agricultural tools (acc. to 9TH HLWG Meeting). First passenger train scheduled for September 2018.

•Trade between the three countries amounted to $1 billion in 2017.

TCDD PR

IR

PPP

CPEC

TC

Regional initiative: Intermodal Connectivity: LLCs -Sea Port Infrastructure

1

8

6

7

3

9

2

Paras 9-11 of Turkmenbashi Declaration envisages the development of effective inter-linkages amongst ECO’s logistics centers to liaise the Dry Ports with the Sea Ports

TC

Sea Port Logistics

Center

Dry Port Logistics Center

Rail

Road

Potential of ECO’s Sea Ports

Table 1. Turkey's share in world maritime profile, 2016

% of world total DWT/TEU/GT/km

Coastline(km) 0.5

National flagged fleet (DWT) 0.47 8658

Fleet ownership (DWT) 1.56 27951

Container port throughput

(TEU)

1.25 8457612

Ship building GT 0.16 105645

Ship scrapping (GT) 3.45 998714

Source: UNSTAD, IMO, Turkstat

*Increase of Turkey’s fleet was by 8% in 2016. Source: UNSTAD, IMO, Turkstat

Table 2. Turkey’s carrying capacity by type of ship, 2016

(Thousands DWT) 2005 2010 2015 2016

Total fleet 7 048.0 7 878.0 8 497.8 8 568.2

Oil tankers 959 1 693.6 1 291.8 1 308.4

Bulk carriers 4 087.0 3 357.7 4 235.3 4 043.9

General cargo 1 565.0 2 011.5 1 598.8 1 618.2

Container ships 290 572.9 749.1 982.5

Other types of

ships

147 242.3 622.9 615.2

TC

Continued

Table 4. Iran's share in world maritime profile, 2016

% DWT/TEU/GT/km

Coastline(km) 0.36

National flagged fleet (DWT) 0.27 4877

Fleet ownership (DWT) 1.00 17 838

Container port throughput (TEU) 0.35 2731000

Ship building GT …

Ship scrapping (GT) …

*Iran’s fleet growth increased by 7.2% in 2016. Source: UNSTAD, IMO

Source: UNSTAD, IMO

Table 3. Iran's carrying capacity by type of ship, 2016

(Thousands DWT) 2005 2010 2015 2016

Total fleet 9 114.0 1 333.3 4 548.2 4 877.3

Oil tankers 6 134.0 120.3 403.1 812.4

Bulk carriers 1 703.0 453.4 2 174.0 2 087.1

General cargo 731 297.7 700.3 704.1

Container ships 420 252.4 1 128.0 1 128.0

Other types of ships 126 209.5 142.8 145.8

TC

*Pakistan’s fleet growth increased by 0.0% in 2016 Source: UNCTAD, IMO, UN Data

Continued

Table 5. Pakistan’s carrying capacity by type of ship, 2005-2016

(Thousands DWT) 2005 2010 2015 2016

Total fleet 472 481.1 709.7 709.7

Oil tankers 274 281.7 427.7 427.7

Bulk carriers .. 65.7 255.2 255.2

General cargo 184 107.5 .. ..

Container ships .. .. .. ..

Other types of

ships

14 26.3 26.8 26.8

TC

Potential of ECO’s Dry Ports

Main dry ports in ECO

Afghanistan Pakistan

1 Torkham 1 Lahore Dry Port

2 Shir-Khan 2 Lahore NLC Dry Port

3 Keyrabad 3 Multan Dry Port

Azerbaijan 4 Rawalpindi Dry Port

1 Alyat 5 Sialkot Dry Port

Iran 6 Larkana Dry Port

1 Motakhari Dry Port 7 Quetta Dry Port

2 Ahlan SEZ 8 Quetta NLC Dry Port

3 Zahedan LC 9 Hyderabad Dry Port

4 Shiraz LC 10 Gilgit Dry Port

5 Markazi LC 11 Sost Dry Port

6 Isfahan LC 12 Azakhel Dry Port

7 Kerman LC 13 Havelian Dry Port

8 Khorasan-e-Razavi 14 Peshawar Dry Port

9 Aprin Dry Port 15 Faisalabad Dry Port

Kazakhstan 16 Jamrud Dry Port

1 Khorgos 17 Karachi Dry Port

2 Pavlodar 18 Karachi NLC Dry Port

3 Semey 19 Muzaffarabad Dry Port

4 Oskemen Tajikistan

Kyrgyzstan 1. Osh 1 Nijnii Panj

Uzbekistan 2 Tursunzade

1 Angren 3 Dushanbe

2 Navoi

3 Termez

1 2

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

13

3

TC* Turkey's dry ports have not be reflected as they are integrated within sea ports infrastructure.

ECO platform for regional initiatives

The 2011-2018 decisions on regional transport

TC

Sustainable transport performance

Transport modes (% by km) in ECO countries, 2017

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

ECO 31. 30. 37. 33. 31. 31. 33. 32. 29. 32. 33. 36. 36. 39. 40. 38. 39.

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

Transport services share in ECO’s exports (%) 2000-2016

-20.00

-10.00

0.00

10.00

20.00

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Share of transport (%) in GDP (c.p.) 2002-2016 Change (%)

TC

0.1

3.6

21.9

26.9

0.7

15.0

0.8 17.55.4

8.0

2.1

1.1

14.1

19.0 3.0 17.83.0

32.2 2.3

5.3

36.3 27.4

36.3

0.5

2.3 36.720.0

0.5

13.21.0

12.2

11.9

1.7

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Rail Roads Inland Pipelines

Continued

294708 300905315062 309559

294683269507 269599.3

1.4 2.1 4.5 -1.8 -5.0 -9.3 0.0

-50000.0

0.0

50000.0

100000.0

150000.0

200000.0

250000.0

300000.0

350000.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Goods transported by rail in ECO, mn ton-km, 2010-2016

Goods transported by rail (million ton-km) % change

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

59000

60000

61000

62000

63000

64000

65000

66000

67000

68000

69000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Passengers transported by rail in ECO (mn passenger-km), % change, 2010-2016

Passengers transported by rail (mn passenger-km) % change

Intra-ECO Trade

All values US $ Billion

Year Imports Exports Total Trade Trade

Balance

%

Change

in Trade

2013 35.67 39.31 74.98 3.64

2014 35.05 38.71 73.76 3.66 -1.63

2015 27.99 29.7 57.69 1.71 -21.79

2016 25.34 28.86 54.2 3.52 -6.05

2017 26.68 26.57 53.25 -0.11 -1.75

TC

Growth in ECO countries’ GDPs (US$ bn at c.p. and % change) 2017

19.5 37.8

418.6

138.3

6.8

278.7

7.037.9

67.1

863.7

1875.3

20.8 40.7

439.5

159.4

7.6

305.0

7.142.4 48.7

851.1

1922.32.4

-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

AFG AZE IRN KAZ KGZ PAK TAJ TKM UZB TUR Total

2016 2017 % change

Rail freight transportation (2011-2017)

Volumes transported by regularized freight container trains from/to PRC incl. through ECO (2011-2017)

Regular trains by

container

type/container

load/traffic

volumes

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

from to from to from to from to from to from to from to

Freight container

trains (units)

17.00 0.00 42.00 0.00 80.00 0.00 280.00 28.00 550.00 265.00 1130.00 572.00 2399.00 100.00

Freight container

traffic (FEU)

702.00 0.00 1837.00 0.00 3480.00 0.00 11902.00 1133.00 23566.00 10885.00 48700.00 4197.00 106000.00

52965.00

Train load (FEU,

ave)

41.00 44.00 0.00 44.00 0.00 43.00 40.00 43.00 41.00 43.00 28.00 44.00 42.00

TC

Regional network potential

TC

2010 Length of railway, road, inland waterways, pipelines (km) and airports (units)

AFG AZE IRN KAZ KGZ PAK TAJ TUR TKM UZB

Raillroads (km) 0 2,090 4,850 14,460 370 8,773 480 10,413 2,120 3,460

Roads (km) 21,000 36,700 140,200 18,900 30,300 177,410 29,900 320,611 23,000 78,400

Inland waterways (km) 1,200 904 0 0 0 0 1,200 0 0

Pipelines (km) 180 900 14,350 7,830 200 5,179 400 4,767 4,650 1,100

Airports (total) 7 5 80 31 4 19 2 91 6 16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

2010/2017 Increase/Decrease in railways, roads, inland

waterways (km) and airports (units)

+18.6%

+11.9%

0.0%

31.6%

Railways Roads Inland waterways Airports

TC

ECO Railway Network, 2017

TC

17.1

7.2

3.0

10.0

9.913.4

12.1

7.1

7.5

12.8Afghanistan

Azerbaijan

Iran

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Pakistan

Tajikistan

Turkey

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

By country share of transport (%) 2017

20202019 2018 2018

2019 2019 2019 2018

Execution of Projects under

TTFA

Operationalization Q1-2019

Completion of

missing links.

Operationalization

in 2019

Assessment of FS progress

reports of MS/Financing/Start of

construction works

Early commercialization

and operationalization

Q1-2019

Rasht-Astara (IRI)-Astara (AZ)

Launch

Implementation of TIRRegional Strategy

adopted in 2018. Start

of implementation

since 2019

TC

Our structured operations

Appraisal PPP

Structure PPP

Screen

Identify a priority project

Initial concept

BusinessCase

Approval

Progress toward investment decision

Procedure for a PPP contract

To prepare as PPP

TC

Targets on connectivity

Regularization of KTI

Regularization of Istanbul -

Almaty

Regularization of Almaty-Bandar

Abbas

Regular run of ECO Truck Caravan

Revival of works on ITI

TC

2018 Connectivity & infrastructure milestones

Urumchi– Aktau -Anzali container train launched on 26 June 2018Tabriz-Van passenger train resumed its regular runs on 18 May 2018

1st Rail stock repair center for Central Asia,

Astana

Serial locomotives production in Kazakhstan

Opening of Turkmenbashi International Seaport on 2 May 2018 TC

Towards ECO Vision-2025

Growth in global transport demand

in 2015-2030:

▪Rail at the 3.3 rate%

▪Road 4.1%

▪Air 5.1%

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

GDP Passengertransport

Rail Road Air

2015-2030

2015-2050

TCSource: McKinsey

Rail

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

PRC ECO Japan,Korea

Europe CIS

In operation

Under construction

955km of HSR is in operation in ECO

1,180km of HSR is currently under construction.

Railway

efficiency is a

gateway to

sustainable

regional

transport

TC

Road

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

Rail Road Sea Air

2050

2030

2015

▪Global freight transport

demand forecasts to grow

at 3.3% rate by 2030.

▪Maritime freight to grow

from 71% in 2015 to 75%

of total by 2050.

▪Air freight at 5% rate per

annum, faster than other

modes.

TC

Intermodal linkages by rail and maritime

▪Seven of the ECO ten Member States are LCCs.

▪Overall maritime demand in freight accounts to over 71% of transport.

▪ECO is revitalizing its maritime cooperation.

▪9th Meeting of Ministers of Transport of ECO Member States on 1&3

May 2018 in Turkmenbashi.

▪5th Summit of Caspian States adopted milestone decisions on 12

August 2018 in Aktau.

▪Summit of Founder States of IFAS approved an implementation plan

on 24 August 2018 in Turkmenbashi.

UN Resolution

A/72/L.42. 14

April 2018

International

Convention on

Caspian Sea.

12 August 2018

Almaty

Plan of

Action

Vienna

Program

International

Agreement on

Dry Ports

TC

Thank you.

You may wish to contact at:

TC@eco.int

TC