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ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

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Page 1: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee 

Buildings and Energy Deep Dive

June 25, 2019

Page 2: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Burning fossil fuels is the primary driver of the climate crisis

• In Oakland, we primarily burn petroleum (oil) and natural gas• Oil (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel) powers most of our transportation

• Natural gas, which is mostly methane, can be used for electricity generation, powering some vehicles, and buildings (residential, commercial, and industrial)

Big Picture

Page 3: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

How energy is used in our buildings 

• Electricity powers anything that is wired or plugged in

• Natural gas can be used in domestic appliances, including boilers, furnaces, water heaters, ranges, ovens, and clothes dryers

• May also be used in commercial and industrial buildings for specialized processes

• Buildings are either mixed fuel or all‐electric

Big Picture

Page 4: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Water Heating49%Speace 

Heating37%

Cooking7%

Pool/Spa/Misc4%

Dryer3%

CA Residential Natural Gas Consumption

How natural gas is used in our buildings: 

Page 5: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

• Emissions from electricity depend on how it’s generated• Increasingly coming from clean, renewable sources

• Emissions from natural gas are essentially fixed• Leaked + burned

Page 6: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Transportation (Gasoline, Diesel, & Public Transit), 

58%

Electricity, 12.5%

Natural Gas, 17.1%

Port (Air & Sea), 6%

Water and Wastewater, 0.3%

Solid Waste, 5%

Local Government Operations, 1.2%

Total Local Emissions by Category ‐ 2005

Page 7: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Transportation (Gasoline, Diesel, & Public Transit), 

64%

Electricity, 7%

Natural Gas, 17.3%

Port (Air & Sea), 6.5%

Water and Wastewater, 0.3%

Solid Waste, 4.5%

Local Government Operations, 0.7%

Total Local Emissions by Category ‐ 2017

Page 8: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

457,540 

188,141 

626,014 

485,620 

 ‐

 100,000

 200,000

 300,000

 400,000

 500,000

 600,000

 700,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

MTC

O2e

Total Emissions from Electricity Usage vs Total Emissions from Natural Gas Usage

Total Annual Emissions from Electricity Total Annual Emissions from Natural Gas

Page 9: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

 ‐

 100,000

 200,000

 300,000

 400,000

 500,000

 600,000

 700,000

 ‐

 500,000

 1,000,000

 1,500,000

 2,000,000

 2,500,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

MTC

O2e

MWh

Total Electricity Usage vs Total Emissions from Electricity Usage

Total Annual Electricity Used (MWh) Total Annual Emissions from Electricity

Page 10: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

 ‐

 100,000

 200,000

 300,000

 400,000

 500,000

 600,000

 700,000

 ‐

 20,000,000

 40,000,000

 60,000,000

 80,000,000

 100,000,000

 120,000,000

 140,000,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

MTC

O2e

Therms

Total Natural Gas Usage vs Total Emissions from Natural Gas Usage

Total Annual Natural Gas Used Total Annual Emissions from Natural Gas

Page 11: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

How do these trends inform our work

• Electricity grid is cleaner• East Bay Community Energy is cleaner, cheaper, and has easy opt‐up options for 100% clean/renewable

• Buildings are getting more efficient – in other words, they’re being built better so that less energy is needed for lighting and heating  

• Appliances are getting more efficient

• Emissions from natural gas follow usage: You can’t “clean” a fossil fuel

Page 12: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

2018 US carbon emissions up – largely from increased use of “natural gas”Gas Co2 emissions exceed coal since 2017

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Coal Natural Gas Petroleum and other liquids

U.S. energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by fuelMillion metrics tons CO2

Page 13: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

“Natural gas” is used in three sectors: Buildings, electricity, and industrial processes

Focus on Natural Gas

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Electricity Industry Buildings

U.S. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector: Billion Cubic Feet

Page 14: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

CA is #1 for lock in of new gas infrastructure and new gas customers 

Focus on Natural Gas

75

78

79

90

96

101

106

123

218

252

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

WA

PA

IL

CO

MI

NC

NJ

NY

TX

CA

New Gas Customers, 2013-2017Residential and Commercial Sectors, thousands of customers

Page 15: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Burning of gas in our buildings is big part of California’s outdoor smog problem

Page 16: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Burning gas in our homes releases nitrogen dioxide –a “toxic gas” says EPA

Focus on Natural Gas

• NO2 – causes asthma attacks and other respiratory diseases, may cause asthma in otherwise healthy individuals

• For 50 years EPA has regulated NO2 and in 2010 updated the standards – outdoors

• In 2015 Lawrence Berkeley Labs found that 12 million Californians in homes with gas stoves are breathing levels of NO2 that exceed outdoor standards

Page 17: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Alternatives are plentiful, safer, and more efficient

Focus on Natural Gas

Page 18: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Where we are now

• Changing role of Energy Efficiency and solar from the goal of energy climate policy to tools that will help us electrify faster and cheaper.

• EBCE supporting cities in building and transportation electrification –e.g. Oakland & Berkeley working together on reach code

• ECAP = Opportunity to set ambitious electrification goals

Page 19: ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee · 2019-09-25 · ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee Buildings and Energy Deep Dive June 25, 2019

Discussion

• New Buildings: Do we want to dig the hole deeper, or stop building new NG infrastructure now?

• Existing buildings: What do we do with the 170,000 buildings in Oakland

• Buildings• Appliances

• How do we do this equitably, focusing on jobs and affordability?