diplomski rad - non finite verb forms.docx

8/18/2019 Diplomski rad - Non finite verb forms.docx

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NAZIV UNIVERZITETA

NAZIV FAKULTETA

ZAVRŠNI RAD

NEFINITINI GLAGOLSKI OBLICI

Mentor:

prof. dr. Ie ! pre"!e

K#nd!d#t:

Ie ! pre"!e


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NAME OF UNIVERSIT$

NAME OF FACULT$

DI%LOMA T&ESIS

NON'FINITE VERB FORMS

Mentor:

prof. dr. N#e #nd S(rn#e

C#nd!d#te:

N#e #nd )(rn#e


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CONTENT

*. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................*

*.*. T+pe) #nd U)e) of Non',n!te -#()e)............................................/

/. INFINITIVE..........................................................................................0

/.*. Repet!t!on of t1e p#rt!-e 2to3.......................................................4

/./. S+nt#-t!- f(n-t!on) of t1e !n,n!t!5e..............................................6

/.0. In,n!t!5e p1r#)e)..........................................................................7

/.8. In,n!t!5e -on)tr(-t!on).................................................................9

/.8.*. For'to'!n,n!t!5e -on)tr(-t!on...................................................9

/.8./. T1e O;e-t!5e'

O;e-t?.............................................................................................*@

/.8.0. T1e )(;e-t!5e'=or no!n#t!5e?'

**

/.8.8. A)o(te In,n!t!5e Con)tr(-t!on............................................*/

0. GERUND...........................................................................................*0

0.*. S+nt#-t!- f(n-t!on) of t1e er(nd...............................................*8

0./. Ger(nd!# -ope>......................................................................*

0.0. Ger(nd 5er)() In,n!t!5e..............................................................*6

8. %ARTICI%LE I...................................................................................../@

8.*. S+nt#-t!- f(n-t!on) of %#rt!-!pe I................................................/*

8./. %red!-#t!5e -on)tr(-t!on)

8./.*. T1e O;e-t!5e %#rt!-!p!# Con)tr(-t!on................................../0

8././. %#rt!-!pe I #) p#rt of Cope> S(;e-t................................./0

8./.0. T1e No!n#t!5e A)o(te %#rt!-!p!# Con)tr(-t!on................/0

8./.8. %repo)!t!on# A)o(te %#rt!-!p!# Con)tr(-t!on...................../8

8.0. %#rt!-!pe I 5er)() Ger(nd.........................................................../8


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4. %ARTICI%LE II..................................................................................../

4.*. S+nt#-t!- f(n-t!on) of %#rt!-!pe II.............................................../6

4./. %red!-#t!5e -on)tr(-t!on)

4./.*. T1e O;e-t!5e %#rt!-!p!# Con)tr(-t!on................................../7

4././. T1e No!n#t!5e A)o(te %#rt!-!p!# Con)tr(-t!on

%#rt!-!pe II......................................................................................./9

4./.0. %repo)!t!on# A)o(te Con)tr(-t!on

. CONCLUSION....................................................................................0@

6. REFERENCES....................................................................................04

7. LIST OF TABLES FIGURES C&ARTS..................................................0


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*. INTRODUCTION

Ver) non,n!te. T1e d!)t!n-t!on et

Be-#()e En!)1 to # #re e>tent #-) !nHe-t!on# orp1oo+ t1e

,n!te #nd non,n!te for) of # 5er #+ #ppe#r t1e )#e !n # !5en

-onte>t. In )(-1 # -#)e t1e en5!ronent )(rro(nd!n t1e 5er ()t e

e>#!ned to deter!ne


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• non',n!te) #re not re)tr!-ted !n n(er #nd per)on + #n+

r##t!-# )(;e-t• t1e+ -o!ne t1e -1#r#-ter!)t!-) of # 5er

ot1er p#rt of )pee-1• 5er#) -#nnot for # pred!-#te + t1e)e5e) (t t1e+ -#n

f(n-t!on #) p#rt of # -opo(nd 5er# pred!-#te: She suddenly

began to speak They were caught stealing the jewellery .

A non',n!te) #+ e p#rt of t1e )o'-#ed pred!-#t!5e -on)tr(-t!on): I

didn’t expect you to come He ound her crying bitterly I had the piano

tuned.

1.1. Types and Uses of Non-nite clauses

Non',n!te -#()e)

• !n,n!t!5#• er(nd!5e #nd• p#rt!-!p!#.

T1e )tr(-t(re of t1e pre)ent#t!on

#ppro#-1 #!) to reHe-t t1e )e#nt!-) of t1e !nd!5!d(# for# t+pe) of

-#()e) =!n,n!t!5# er(nd!5e p#rt!-!p!#? #nd ,nd o(t 1o< t1e e#n!n

of t1e)e -#()e) !nH(en-e) t1e po))!!!t+ of )ee!n t1e #) -onden)ed

f( -#()e).

* one) C. St#nn#rd R. =/@@4? p. 88.

/


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/. INFINITIVE

T1e !n,n!t!5e n#e) # pro-e)) !n # o)t ener# In # !t) for) #nd f(n-t!on) t1e !n,n!t!5e 1#) # )pe-!# #rer t1e

p#rt!-e to. It !) o--#)!on#+ )ep#r#ted fro t1e !n,n!t!5e + )oe ot1er

!!#r+ 5er)• #fter od# 5er) =e>-ept ought to have to be to? #nd od#

e>pre))!on) had better would rather would sooner! She’d sooner die than orgive

• #fter 5er) of )en)e per-ept!on "see hear eel watch notice

observe listen to etc#? !n t1e -on)tr(-t!on $omplex %bject! I

heard him arrive. &o/ one) C. St#nn#rd R. =/@@4? p. 48.

0 E#)t


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but couldn’t but,! He cannot but accept it • !n 2pe-t f#! 1e)!t#te 1ope

1(rr+ e#rn #n#e oer p#n prep#re pretend pro!)e

ref()e )ee tend t1re#ten 5o(nteer threatened to dismiss the strike leader( The shop reused to

accept the customer’s credit card(

8


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•

Cont!n(o()

to d!)-())

to e d!)-())!n

to e d!)-())ed

%erfe-t Coon

Cont!n(o()

to 1#5e d!)-())ed

to 1#5e een

To 1#5e een

d!)-())ed

8 Q#er E. E)


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d!)-())!n#ource$ Q#er E. E)pre))!n 1ope e>pe-t#t!on !ntent!on =!n t1e p#)t ten)e for)?

!nd!-#te4

T1e #-t!5e for of t1e !n,n!t!5e #+ 1#5e # p#))!5e e#n!n: There

was only one problem to solve. It -#n e rep#-ed + t1e -orre)pond!n

p#))!5e for: He is to orgive 6 He is to be orgiven( She’s not to blame

6 She’s not to be blamed. T1e #-t!5e !n,n!t!5e t1() ()ed !) -#ed

retro#-t!5e.

N.%.

7ctive 8attern!

&erb ' ob(ect ' to innitie

8assive

Mr %r!-e taught %eter to sing# %eter )as taught to sing =+ Mr %r!-e?.

Ot1er 5er) !n t1!) p#ttern !n-(de advise allow ask believe consider

expect eel instruct mean order report re9uire tell understand. In

)oe -onte>t) !t !) po))!e to #e ot1 5er) p#))!5e: $hanges to the

taxation system are expected to be proposed( She was re9uired to be

interviewed.

Soe 5er) foo


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7ctive 8attern!

&erb ' ob(ect ' to innitie

8assive

&!) -oe#(e) started to

respect Tim#

T! started to be respected =+ 1!)

-oe#(e)?.

Ot1er 5er) !n t1!) p#ttern !n-(de:

• #ppe#r e!n -oe -ont!n(e )ee tend• #ree #! #ttept 1ope ref()e )tr(e tr+.

T1e 5er) !n t1e ,r)t ro(p =#nd start ? 1#5e -orre)pond!n e#n!n) !n

#-t!5e #nd p#))!5e )enten-e) (t t1e 5er) !n t1e )e-ond ro(p do not.

Cop#re: 8eople came to recogni:e her as the leading violinist o her generation =#-t!5e?. It -orre)pond) to She came to be recogni:ed as the

leading violinist o her generation =p#))!5e? (t =)ee 5er) fro Gro(p

/?: The team captain hoped to select ;evin =#-t!5e? doe) not -orre)pond

to ;evin hoped to be selected by the team captain =p#))!5e?.

2.2. #yntactic functions of the innitie

S+nt#-t!- f(n-t!on) of t1e !n,n!t!5e:

• t1e !n,n!t!5e #) )(;e-t:To succeed in this job re9uires more time and energy than I

actually ave( It’s hard to take a decision• t1e !n,n!t!5e #) p#rt of t1e pred!-#te.

− #) pred!-#t!5e !n -opo(nd no!n# pred!-#te):− %ur aim is to master


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#!t!on

#ttept

()!ne))

d(t+

e>per!en-e

1#!t

!n)tr(-t!on

!ntent!on

;o

o;e-t

p#n

pr!n-!pe

t#)

t1!n

T1e f(n-t!on of t1e )(;e-t #+ e #)o perfored + t1e prono(n all or

t1e )()t#nt!5!"ed )(per#t!5e) t1e o)t #nd t1e e#)t

#ttr!(t!5e -#()e #tt#-1ed to t1e: 7ll she wanted was not to be

punished T1e e#)t 1e -#n do !) to )ort o(t these p#per).

− t1e !n,n!t!5e #) p#rt of # -opo(nd 5er# pred!-#te:She ought to have warned me( 5ou had better stop fghting

=#) p#rt of # -opo(nd 5er# od# pred!-#te?They continued to talk shop( He began to think we had

orgotten about him =#) p#rt of # -opo(nd 5er# p1#)#

pred!-#te?− #) )!pe no!n# pred!-#te:

&e = to accept your proposal* .hy not leave her alone-

The assistant managed to sort out the problem( I hesitate to say this

=#fter t1e 5er)


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)!(t#neo()

)t#te) e>pre))ed + t1e pred!-#te

#nd -#nnot t1erefore e ()ed !n

perfe-t for): She’s inclined to turn

down the o'er#

)!1t+ pre-ed!n t1e )t#te

e>pre))ed + t1e pred!-#te #nd -#n

1#5e ot1 non'perfe-t #nd perfe-t

for): He is proud to have achieved

the highest results##ource$ V!n-e M. S(nder#nd %. =/@@0? p. *08.

Reeer )oe r#t1er -oon p1r#)e) ()ed

the trouble.

N.%. t1e !n,n!t!5e #) o;e-t #fter t1e !ntrod(-tor+ !t: verb ? it ? adj0

noun ? to+infnitive.

2.*. nnitie phrases

In,n!t!5e #+ for p#rt of # -on;(n-t!5e !n,n!t!5e p1r#)e culty was how to break the silence

=pred!-#t!5e?( He knew no one with whom to start a new business

=#ttr!(te?.

N.%. #fter what which whose how many #nd how much


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Before t1e P(e)t!on

T1e prepo)!t!on for #+ !ntrod(-e t1e -on)tr(-t!on !n )enten-e !)


15/45

T1e -on)tr(-t!on !) ()ed pre))ed + t1e !n,n!t!5e !) d!erent fro t1#t of t1e

pred!-#te.

Cop#re: I have closed the window not to catch cold# = I have closed

the window for you not to catch cold #

In t1e )enten-e t1e for'to'innitie -on)tr(-t!on perfor) t1e f(n-t!on)

of )(;e-t pred!-#t!5e o;e-t #ttr!(te #d5er!# od!,er of p(rpo)e

#nd -on)eP(en-e #nd !) ener#+ rendered !n R())!#n + # )(ord!n#te-#()e.

2..2. The %b&ective#with#the#'n$nitive onstruction

(omplex %b&ect)

T1!) -on)tr(-t!on !n o;e-t of )oe 5er). It !) ()ed !n t1e foo

• #fter 5er) of )en)e per-ept!on =see hear eel watch observe

notice #nd )oe ot1er)? #nd t1e 5er listen "to,. T1e !n,n!t!5e !)

()ed !n t1e non'perfe-t -oon #)pe-t #-t!5e 5o!-e for

p#rt!-e to:They elt the boat shudder( I noticed him throw something into

the wastebasket .N.%. t1e verbs to see to notice !n t1e e#n!n 2to re#!"e3 #nd to

hear !n t1e e#n!n 2to e#rn to no


16/45

N.%. #fter t1e 5er) to see to notice !n)te#d of t1e -ope>

o;e-t

• #fter 5er) of ent# per-ept!on =know think suppose believe

consider expect understand #nd )oe ot1er)?. T1e !n,n!t!5e !)#consider 2ane "to be, an expert with her needle( .e expect the

contract to be abrogated tomorrow(

• #fter 5er) of eot!on

can’t bear want wish desire intend mean would like would

love?. After t1e)e 5er) non'perfe-t -oon #)pe-t for) of t1e

!n,n!t!5e

week( She hated her son to be separated rom her(

• #fter 5er) of -o#nd reP(e)t per!))!on =have make let

get order ask command cause induce allow su'er #nd )oe

ot1er) of pre))ed + # no(n or #

prono(n #nd #n !n,n!t!5e

*@ E5#n) V. =/@@4? p. *76.

*/


17/45

• T1e 5er) ()ed !n t1!) p#ttern #) pred!-#te #re 5er) of )en)e

per-ept!on =hear see? 5er) of )#+!n #nd report!n #nd 5er) of

ent# per-ept!on =say report announce declare state rumour

acknowledge allege expect know suppose think understandbelieve consider ?:She was seen to slap his ace( The criminals are said to be hiding

in the woods( The actress is rumoured to have been poisoned#

• %#ttern B T1e 5er) ()ed !n t1!) p#ttern #re: seem0 appear( happen0 chance

turn out0 prove "ater these two verbs the infnitive is mostly

nominal i#e# presented by to be * noun+ ad&ective ,!They seem to have withdrawn their claim( I happened to see 2ack

on my way to work .• %#ttern C

U)e t1!) p#ttern to e>pre)) +o(r #tt!t(de tope-ted?

2... ,bsolute 'n$nitive onstruction

It -on)!)t) of # no(n !n t1e -oon -#)e #nd #n !n,n!t!5e #nd !)

ener#+ ()ed !n ;(r!d!-# te>t) #nd ()!ne)) do-(ent):

The buyers ordered AB cases o vegetable oil delivery to be made in

&ay#

** M-C#rt1+ M. M-C#rten . C#r D. C#r R. =/@@9? p. /@*.

*0


18/45


19/45

Non'perfe-t t#!n e!n t#en%erfe-t 1#5!n t#en 1#5!n een t#en#ource$ M-C#rt1+ M. M-C#rten . C#r D. C#r R. =/@@9? p. /*/.

They carried on discussing the project enthusiastically( He remembered

being o-ended by the spokesman( I’m sorry or having raised these

groundless objections( Caura recalled having been taken to

Disneyland when she was a child#

N.%. T1e non'perfe-t er(nd !) -oon+ ()ed to denote # pr!or #-t!on

t1#n) to t1e e>!-# e#n!n of t1e 5er or t1e prepo)!t!on )(e)t!n

pr!or!t+ =#fter verbs o recollection gratitude blame reproach

punishment #nd reward #nd prepo)!t!on on t1#t )(e)t) !ed!#te

pr!or!t+ #nd ater ?:

He admitted spreading the confdential inormation( 7ter choosing a

git and paying or his two items he let the store#EF

N.%. T1ere #re )oe 5er) =need want re9uire deserve? #nd t1e

#d;e-t!5e The par9uet needs polishing "to be polished = also possible,( The

gunman deserves to be locked up 1 The gunman deserves locking up#

*.1. #yntactic functions of the gerund

S+nt#-t!- f(n-t!on) of t1e er(nd:*0

• t1e er(nd #) )(;e-t:Denying everything won’t give any results( Taking risks is an

integral part o our job( .orking ull+time was extremely

di>cult( It’s no use0 good arguing( There’s no point in revising

*/ M-C#rt1+ M. M-C#rten . C#r D. C#r R. =/@@9? p. //@.

*0 &e

*4


20/45

the matter twice( It’s worth "while, trying( There’s no getting out

o it "there’s no telling0 knowing0 escaping0 mistaking etc#,(

• t1e er(nd #) p#rt of t1e pred!-#te:− #) pred!-#t!5e: Helen’s passion is buying accessories or

all her dresses(− #) p#rt of t1e -opo(nd 5er# pred!-#te

5er) !e begin burst out continue fnish give up keep

on 9uit stop et-.:%n hearing the joke everybody burst out laughing(

• t1e er(nd #) o;e-t:

Table / - The gerund as ob(ect

,erund as direct ob(ect after$ ,erund as prepositional ob(ect$#d!t

#nt!-!p#te

#ppre-!#te

#5o!d

de#+

den+

dete)t

d!)-())

-#nJt )t#nd

-#nJt 1ep

-on)!der

en;o+

e)-#pe

e>-()e

f#n-+

fee !e

for!5e

!n5o5e

ent!on

!nd

!))

po)tpone

pr#-t!-e

p(t o

re-#

re-oe-t

re)ent

re)!)t

r!)

)(e)t

(nder)t#n

d

#)o #fter

t1e

#d;e-t!5e)

()+ #nd


21/45

e #!o()

#o(tforo5er

e #)ton!)1ed #t+

e -ert#!n #o(tof

e -1#red

e -ontent

e de!1ted #t

e de5oted to

e =d!)?pe#)ed

e enro))ed !n

e e>-!ted #o(t

e fed (p

e r#tef( for

e een on

e oppo)ed to

e preo--(p!ed

e re)pon)!e for

e r!1t !n#o(t

e )e,)1 =!n?

e )orr+ #o(t

e )(rpr!)ed #t

e t!red of

eet ()ed to

#ource$ &e

• t1e er(nd #) #ttr!(te:− #fter no(n) #!n+ #)tr#-t no(n) foo-()e =for?

e>per!en-e =!nof?

fe#r =of?

1#!t =of?

1#r =!n?

1ope =of?

!de# =of?

!port#n-e =of?

!ntent!on =of?

!ntere)t =!n?

e#n) =of?

et1od =of?

ne-e))!t+ =of?

o;e-t!on =to?

opport(n!t+ =of?

p#n =for?

pe#)(re =of?

po))!!!t+ =of?

pre-#(t!on =of?

prep#r#t!on =for?

proe =of?

pro-e)) =of?

pro)pe-t =of?

re#)on =for?

r!) =of?

r!1t =of?

)! =!n?

)(rpr!)e =#t?

t1o(1t =of?

pre))e) t1e p(rpo)e or t1e de)t!n#t!on of t1e o;e-t ent!oned?

*6


22/45

− er(nd #+ e ()ed #) # preod!f+!n #ttr!(te: # d#n-!n

1# # d!n!n t#e # )pend!n 1#!t -on)!)t) of #

no(n or # prono(n #nd # er(nd #tt#-1ed to !t.

3ormal 4nglish$ possessie form ' gerund

I have no objection to his helping you with the project( .e are

concerned about the company’s trading in oil#

nformal 4nglish$ ob(ect form ' gerund

They approved o him reorgani:ing the working day( .e are worried

about 2ane working so hard#

N.%.

• If t1e no(n or prono(n refer) to t1!n) or #n!#)


23/45

• If t1e er(nd!# -ope> !) t1e )(;e-t of t1e )enten-e on+ t1e

po))e))!5e for !) ()ed

8hysics was not unexpected.

*.*. ,erund ersus nnitie

T1e #)!- d!eren-e !n t1e!r e#n!n !) t1#t t1e er(nd !) ore

ener# Soe 5er) t#e to'!n,n!t!5e or er(nd

• begin start continue intend bother can’t bear : She began to

rub+rubbing at the spot with all her might . &o


24/45

(nder)t#ndJ?: She began to understand how they had duped

him

er(nd

not to 1#5e

-o(r#ede)!re to do

)oet1!n: I’m araid to

drive over that old

bridge#

to e #fr#!d t1#t to do )oet1!n: I’m

ashamed to borrow

money#

to fee #)1#ed

e-#()e of )oet1!n

one 1#) #re#d+ done:

I’m ashamed o

making so many

mistakes#foret )oet1!n )!p) +o(r

eor+ #nd t1e #-t!on

doe)nJt t#e p#-e: I

totally orgot to turn

o- the cooker#

t1e #-t!on !) forotten

#fter !t t#e) p#-e: She

orgot sending the

message and sent it

again#o on )oet1!n !) done #fter

)oet1!n e)e !),n!)1ed: 7ter the

interval 8avarotti went

on to sing an aria rom

Tosca#

to -ont!n(e do!n t1e

)#e t1!n: 7lthoughshe asked him to stop

he went on tapping his

pen on the table#

1#te to 1#te


25/45

matter is urgent# people eel uneasy#!#!ne to 1#5e # f#)e or

1#5!n to )#+

)oet1!n ne#t!5e: I

regret to inform you

that your applicationhas been unsuccessul#

to fee )orr+ #o(t

)oet1!n t1#t 1#)

#re#d+ 1#ppened: It/s

too late now but I/ll

always regret givinghim advice#

reeer to e#n t1#t

reeer!n -oe)

efore t1e #-t!on

de)-r!ed: emember

to buy a T guide on

your way home# "frst

remember and thenbuy it,

to re-# # p#)t e5ent: I

remember going to the

bank but nothing ater

that "I remember that I

went there,#

e )orr+ reret: I’m sorry to

hear he has been

expelled#

#poo!"e: I’m sorry or

lending him the

instrument without your

permission#)top p#()e tepor#r!+ for

)oe p(rpo)e: He

,n!)1 -e#)e do!n

)oe #-t!on: She

/*


26/45

stopped to eat a

couple o sweets =#de

# p#()e #nd #te

)


27/45

1#5!n p(!)1ed 1#5!n een p(!)1ed#ource$ Q#er E. E)pre))e) pr!or!t+ t

e>pre))!n e!t1er # pr!or or # )!(t#neo() or e5en # po)ter!or #-t!on

!ed!#te+ foo

door shut .

Non'perfe-t %#rt!-!pe I p#))!5e #+ denote pro-e)): Have you heard

anything o the conerence being held at the Jniversity- =T1e p1r#)e

the conerence held at the Jniversity !) #!(o() e-#()e !t !1t e

(nder)tood #) the conerence that has been held or was held or is being

held?.

.1. #yntactic functions of !articiple

S+nt#-t!- f(n-t!on) of %#rt!-!pe I:

• %#rt!-!pe I #) #ttr!(te:−

# )!ne p#rt!-!pe ()ed #) #ttr!(te ener#+ f(n-t!on) #)# preod!,er =%#rt!-!pe I #-t!5e of !ntr#n)!t!5e 5er)?:

Don’t tease the barking dog*

− # p#rt!-!pe p1r#)e ()ed #) #ttr!(te foo


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• NB: Q1en a prior action !) e#nt no %#rt!-!pe I -#n e ()ed

#) #ttr!(te on+ #n #ttr!(t!5e -#()e !) ()ed: The diplomat

addressed the students who had flled the lecture hall#

• %#rt!-!pe I #) #d5er!# od!,er of )e5er# t+pe):He contracted malaria while travelling in 7rica( )eing let

alone Demy and I kept silence or some time =of t!e? He’s

very conceited you know having parades and things all the

time( Kot being an expert I can’t advise you on the course o

action to take "o reason,( Deb was silent fdgeting with the

spoon in her saucer =of #ttend#nt -!r-()t#n-e): denote) #

p#r#e #-t!on or e5ent? Llorence rushed downstairs gasping

or breath =of #nner: -1#r#-ter!"e) t1e #-t!on of t1e ,n!tefor? He kept shaking his head as i saying MDon’t trust herN

=of -op#r!)on? 7lthough admitting his ine>ciency he still

reuses to cooperate with us =of -on-e))!on? Helen ought to be

there and her absence might be resented but being there she

wouldn’t know what to say =of -ond!t!on?.In )oe -#)e) 1o#pe t1ere #+ e # -o!n#t!on of -#()#

#nd tepor# e#n!n #) !n: Seeing the prosecutor she

stopped =)1e )topped because )1e )#< t1e pro)e-(tor or when

)1e )#< 1!?.N.%. %#rt!-!pe I of t1e 5er to e !) not ()ed #) #d5er!#

od!,er of t!e.• %#rt!-!pe I #) p#rt of t1e -opo(nd 5er# pred!-#te:• %#rt!-!pe I non'perfe-t of 5er) e>pre))!n ot!on =run dance

pour race rush? -o!ned

In )oe -#)e) t1e 5er) to -oe t1e e>!-# e#n!n of


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-1#r#-ter!"#t!on to t1e per)on or t1!n ()ed: His behavior is

annoying( The cartoon we saw yesterday was really amusing*

Table 7 - The most common participles used as ad(ecties orpredicaties

##r!n

##"!n

#()!n

#nno+!n

#)ton!)1!n

or!n

-1#r!n

-ofort!n

-onf()!n

depre))!n

d!)t(r!n

d!)#ppo!nt!n

d!)-o(r#!n

e#rr#))!n

e>-!t!n

f#)-!n#t!n

fr!1ten!n

fr()tr#t!n

1(!!#t!n

!ntere)t!n

!rr!t#t!n

pe#)!n

pro!)!n

)#t!)f+!n

)1o-!n

)(rpr!)!n

t!r!n


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=have get keep leave set start ? #nd o--#)!on#+

e>pre))!n

.e overheard them talking about the closure o the actory( $an you

start that engine going-

N.%.

innitie participle.e saw oil prices rise this year

=)(e)t) # )!ne or -opete

#-t!on?.

.e saw oil prices rising this year

=)(e)t) # repe#ted !n-opete or

ono!n #-t!on?.I observed him cross the street and

then I dialed the indicated number#

Qe


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!t !) o!-#+ -onne-ted

pred!-#te: She sat looking out the eeble sun shining ull upon her

=#d5er!# od!,er of #ttend#nt -!r-()t#n-e)? Qe#t1er per!tt!n

Dinner over they withdrew to the study#EO

.2.. 1repositional ,bsolute 1articipial onstruction

It !) !ntrod(-ed + t1e prepo)!t!on

o + # -o#: The o>cer sat with his long fne hands lying on the

table perectly still( The guy crawled into the hut with his knees

bleeding#

.*. !articiple ersus ,erund

T1e d!eren-e et#nd t1e er(nd #re !nter-1#ne#e


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4. %ARTICI%LE II

%#rt!-!pe II !) # non',n!te for of t1e 5er

t1e doer of t1e #-t!on: 7ntonia was walking along the aisle accompanied

by her admirer . %#rt!-!pe) II of p1r#)# 5er) ret#!n t1e!r -opo)!te

)tr(-t(re: an orphan brought up in a clergyman’s amily . %#rt!-!pe II

#+ e #--op#n!ed + #n #d5er!# od!,er e>pre))ed + #d5er) or

p1r#)e) -o!n!n

s9uirrel hidden in the bush a scandal long orgotten# One of t1e #!n

5er# fe#t(re) of %#rt!-!pe II !) re5e#ed !n !t) f(n-t!on!n #) p#rt of t1e

-opo(nd 5er for) of t1e p#))!5e 5o!-e #nd t1e perfe-t.

T1e #d;e-t!5# n#t(re of %#rt!-!pe II #n!fe)t) !t)ef !n !t) f(n-t!on !n t1e

)enten-e


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of t1e ne#t!on not %#rt!-!pe II !) often ne#ted (n':

(nto(-1ed (n,n!)1ed.*6

T1e #d;e-t!5# n#t(re of %#rt!-!pe II !) tr#-ed !n #d;e-t!5!"ed p#rt!-!pe)

#ttr!(te) !n )(-1 p1r#)e) #) on bended knees a drunken man a

lighted candle torch match molten lava "lead steel, roast meat a

rotten apple a shaven head a well+shaven man sodden clothes

sunken eyes( to be panic+stricken poverty+ stricken " (t thunder+struck

theatre+struck,#

Note t1e )enten-e) !n


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like a series o upturned boats( 7nd people hurried by hidden

under their dreadul umbrellas(

• %#rt!-!pe II #) pred!-#t!5e:The customer looked perplexed and troubled( The investigator

was pu::led by the clues =!n t1!) f(n-t!on %#rt!-!pe II denote) #)t#te?. O--#)!on#+ e#n!n: p#))!5e e#n!n !f t1e #!n #nd )(ord!n#te -#()e) 1#5e t1e

)#e )(;e-t?:Halted at a police road block we could hear two euding gangs

fring shots ahead o us "o time,( .eakened by his long stay in

space the space tourist will have di>culty walking "o reason,(

He watched her movements as i hypnoti:ed "o manner,( 2ill will

speak or hours unless interrupted( I picked green peaches

won’t ripen =of -ond!t!on?.

/.2. !redicatie constructions )ith !articiple

3.2.!. The %b&ective 1articipial onstruction

T1!) -on)tr(-t!on -on)!)t) of # no(n !n t1e -oon -#)e or #

per)on# prono(n !n t1e o;e-t!5e -#)e #nd %#rt!-!pe II for!n #

)+nt#-t!-# -ope> Cope> O;e-t. T1e o;e-t!5e p#rt!-!p!#

-on)tr(-t!on !) ()ed

p1+)!-# per-ept!on

5ou must get your tickets registered( I won’t have my name dragged

through the dirt by the press( Have you ever heard their dean’s name

mentioned beore- I want the invitation sent at once( I’d like my car

serviced please#

*9 M-C#rt1+ M. M-C#rten . C#r D. C#r R. =/@@9? p. 09.

0*


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T1e -on)tr(-t!on have+get something done !) ener#+ ()ed

t1e #-t!on: The patient has his armbroken or to ep1#)!"e t1#t t1e t#)

too t1e -#r to t1e #r#e?/.


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T1!) -on)tr(-t!on -on)!)t) of # no(n !n t1e -oon -#)e or #

prono(n !n t1e no!n#t!5e -#)e #nd %#rt!-!pe II t1e no!n# eeent #nd %#rt!-!pe II e!n !n )(;e-t'

pred!-#te re#t!on:

The preparation completed we started o'( .e began to talk but my

attention distracted by the surroundings I took small notice o him#

3.2.. 1repositional ,bsolute onstruction with 1articiple ''

It !) !ntrod(-ed + t1e prepo)!t!on

1#rd+ e5er pre)ented + # prono(n !t !) ore -o)e+ re#ted to t1epred!-#te 5er #nd !) )edo )et o + # -o#: It is unhealthy to

sleep with the windows shut =#d5er!# od!,er of #ttend#nt

-!r-()t#n-e)? He can’t walk with his leg broken =#d5er!# od!,er of

re#)on?.

. CONCLUSION

T1e fo-() of t1!)


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t1e ()e of t1e)e )tr(-t(re) #) # e#n) of -onden)#t!on =!.e. t1e!r #!!t+

to -onden)e )enten-e )tr(-t(re #nd red(-e t1e ent1 of )enten-e)?

T1e tre#tent of non',n!te )tr(-t(re)


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ener#+ -on5e+ed + t1e. At t1!) po!nt !t


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In,n!t!5# #d5er!# -#()e) t+p!-#+ f(n-t!on #) #d5er!#) of p(rpo)e or

#) -on;(n-t) #nd d!);(n-t). In,n!t!5# #d5er!#) of p(rpo)e #re

-onden)ed f( -#()e) of t1!) t+pe )oe !n,n!t!5# d!);(n-t) 1#5e f('

-#()e #tern#t!5e) !n !f'-#()e) 1opre))!on) of

t1e t+pe to conclude to begin with et-.

In,n!t!5# no!n# -#()e) #re t1e o)t -ope> #nd -op!-#ted one)

for !n(!)t!- #n#+)!). For t1e p(rpo)e) of t1!)

t1e )e#nt!- -#)) of t1e pred!-#te. =d!5!)!on


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e5#(#t!5e or eot!5e #d;e-t!5e) !t !) !n t1!) -#)e t1#t t1e+ often 1#5e

f( -#()e p#r#p1r#)e).

After pre)ent!n t1e -onden)!n ()e) of !n,n!t!5# -#()e) er(nd!5e-#()e) ener# 5#!d!t+.

T1erefore t1e+ ()(#+ -orre)pond to non'od# f( -#()e). T1e

p#r#p1r#)#!!t+ -#n e #de d!-(t e)pe-!#+ d(e to t1e

ener#5#(e e#n!n of t1e)e -#()e) #) pre)) #

re#t!on) =t!e -ont!nen-+ #nner re#)on p(rpo)e et-.? #nd t1e+ #re)pe-!# !n t1#t t1e+ ()t e !ntrod(-ed + # prepo)!t!on. B#)!-#+ t1e+

-#n e -on)!dered to e -onden)ed f( -#()e) !n -#)e) t1e prepo)!t!on

-#n #)o f(n-t!on #) # -on;(n-t!on =ater beore? or t1ere e>!)t) #

-orre)pond!n -on;(-t!on

Ger(nd!5e no!n# -#()e)


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F!n#+ -onden)!n ()e) of p#rt!-!p!# -#()e) p!-!tne)) of t1e)e -#()e)

e)pe-!#+ !n t1e!r #d5er!# ()e)?. %#rt!-!p!# -#()e) #re re#t!5e #nd

#d5er!# -#()e) #r!n#+ no!n# -#()e) =f(n-t!on!n #) o;e-t

-opeent?.

%#rt!-!p!# re#t!5e -#()e) #re #) # r(e -onden)ed f( re#t!5e -#()e)

!e. t1e+ #re p#r#p1r#)#e + f( -#()e) =the girl standing over there0who is standing over there?. Toet1er

p#rt!-!pe f(n-t!on!n #) preod!,er =#t1o(1 t1!) !) not # -#()e? pre)) #

fro -e#r+ #d5er!# e#n!n) to #dd!t!5e e#n!n fo(nd !n

-oord!n#t!on or non re)tr!-t!5e re#t!5e -#()e) )(-1 !ne>p!-!tne) #+-#()e d!-(t!e) for # f( -#()e p#r#p1r#)e. T1!)


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()(#+ p#r#p1r#)#e + f( -#()e) =-ept!on of -on;(n-t)

#nd )oe #d5er!# -#()e) !ntrod(-ed + # prepo)!t!on?


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/. E5#n) V. =/@@? ound+up grammar practice O %e#r)on

Ed(-#t!on Ltd.0. E5#n) V. =/@@4? ound+up grammar practice P %e#r)on Ed(-#t!on

Ltd.

8. one) C. St#nn#rd R. =/@@4? Inside out "advanced, M#-!#n%(!)1er) Ltd.

4. &e

Un!5er)!t+ %re)).. M-C#rt1+ M. M-C#rten . C#r D. C#r R. =/@@9? Qrammar or

business C#r!de Un!5er)!t+ %re)).6. V!n-e M. S(nder#nd %. =/@@0? 7dvanced language practice

M#-!#n %(!)1er) Ltd.7. Q#er E. E)


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7. LIST OF TABLES FIGURES C&ARTS

T#e * ' T1e r##t!-# -#teor!e) of t1e !n,n!t!5e4

T#e / ' A)tr#-t no(n) t1#t -#n f(n-t!on #) t1e )(;e-t........................6 T#e 0 ' Ad;e-t!5!"ed p#rt!-!pe)..............................................................6

T#e 8 ' T1e r##t!-# -#teor!e) of t1e er(nd..............................*0

T#e 4 ' T1e er(nd #) o;e-t...............................................................*8

T#e ' Ger(nd #) prepo)!t!on# o;e-t #fter #d;e-t!5e) )t#t!5e) #nd

p#)t p#rt!-!pe).......................................................................................*4

T#e 6 ' T1e r##t!-# -#teor!e) of %#rt!-!pe I.............................../@

T#e 7 ' T1e o)t -oon p#rt!-!pe) ()ed #) #d;e-t!5e) orpred!-#t!5e)............................................................................................//

diplomski rad - non finite verb forms.docx

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