cs iii.4 - w. lawton

Higher Education and the Global Agenda: Alternative Pathways to the Future

IAU 14th General Conference

‘TNE, branch campuses and hubs:Drivers and trends’

William LawtonThe Observatory on Borderless Higher Education

Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico

30 November 2012

INTERNATIONAL BRANCH CAMPUSESDATA AND DEVELOPMENTS

WILLIAM LAWTON

ALEX KATSOMITROS

JANUARY 2012

IN ASSOCIATION WITH EVERSHEDS LLP

Joined i-graduate in 2010

Outline

TNE typologies TNE growth TNE drivers International branch campuses (IBCs) Education hubs: Role of governments New collaborations MOOCs

Types of TNE

online & distance articulation twinning franchising validation branch campuses

Global demand for UK Higher Education

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

Study in own country

Study in UK

Growth of UK TNE

Anthony Böhm et al, Vision 2020: Forecasting international student mobility (BC, UUK, IDP, 2004)

Australia (2011) UK (2010-2011)0

100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000900,000

1,000,000

225,000428,000 (including

130,000 EU)

108,000

504,000

TNEOnshore

Sources: AEI, HESA

Australia & UKOnshore and TNE numbers in higher

education

Source: British Council c.2010

Top 5 TNE markets

Australia

• Singapore• China• Malaysia• Vietnam• Hong Kong

UK

• Malaysia• Singapore• China• Pakistan• Hong Kong

Sources: AEI (08.2012), BC (2011)

Drivers of TNE

For universities

For students and families

For host governments

INTERNATIONAL BRANCH CAMPUSESDATA AND DEVELOPMENTS

WILLIAM LAWTON

ALEX KATSOMITROS

JANUARY 2012

IN ASSOCIATION WITH EVERSHEDS LLP

• 200 degree-awarding IBCs in operation worldwide in 2011

• (162 in 2009)• 40 more to open over the next two years.

• number of ‘home’ (source) countries was 24 (22 in 2009)

• number of host countries was 67 (52 in 2009)

Observatory’s branch-campus report

2006 2009 2011 20140

50

100

150

200

250

300

82

162

200

250-260225+

Number of international branch campuses (IBCs) 2006-14

International branch cam-puses 2009-2011 (2009 def-inition)

International branch campuses 2006 - 2014 (estimate)

Number ofIBCs

© The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education, 2012


Number of IBCs hosted, by world region

Number of IBCs originating, by world region

Central & South Amer-

ica (10)

North Amer-ica (10)

Europe (33)

Africa (13)

MENA (62)

Asia (70)

Australia (2) Central & South Amer-

ica (2)

North Amer-ica (82)

Europe (69)

Africa (2)

MENA (7)

Asia (26)

Australia (12)

2011


UAE Singapore China (M) Qatar Malaysia UK India Mauritius0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

40

1210

9

5 5

0 0

37

1817

10

76

5 5

20092011

Host countriesNumber of IBCs, 2009 and

2011


USA France UK India Australia Netherlands Malaysia Iran Canada0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 78

11 13 1114

5 41 3

78

27 25

17

12

6 6 6 4

20092011

Home countriesNumber of IBCs, 2009 and 2011


6

39

12.5

8.5

3

13.5

17.5

Number of IBCs as share

of world total, 2011

AustraliaUSAUKIndiaMalaysiaFranceOther

25

24

19.5

11

8.5

4.5

7.5

Estimated world market share

by number of students, 2011

AustraliaUSAUKIndiaMalaysiaFranceOther

200 IBCs

34 South-to-South IBCs

United Arab Emirates

Abu Dhabi

Dubai Knowledge VillageDubai International Academic City

Dubai International Financial City

Dubai Health Care City

Dubai Silicon Oasis

Bahrain

Education City, Qatar

New York City

Education City, near Kuala Lumpur

Iskandar, south Malaysia

Global Schoolhouse, Singapore

Incheon Free Economic Zone, Korea

Jeju Global Education City, Korea

Botswana

Mauritius

Sri Lanka

City of Knowledge, Panama

Education Hubs: Governments in on the act

Newcastle University Medical school (NUMed)Iskandar, Malaysia, April 2012

New York University IBMNYU – Poly CiscoCity University of New York OthersCarnegie MellonTorontoWarwickIIT Bombay

CUSP in New York CityCenter for Urban Science & Progress, Brooklyn

• Multinational university hub• Integrated academic programmes

Coursera – Partners to date

US• Berklee College of Music• Brown University• CalTech• Columbia • Duke• Emory• Georgia Tech• Johns Hopkins• Mount Sinai School of Medicine• Ohio State• Princeton• Rice• Stanford• UC, Irvine• UC, San Francisco• Florida• Illinois at Urbana-Champaign• Maryland, College Park• Michigan• Pennsylvania• Pittsburgh• Virginia• Washington• Vanderbilt• Wesleyan

UK

• Edinburgh• London

Canada

• UBC• Toronto

India• IIT Delhi• Indraprastha

Institute of Information Technology Delhi

Australia

• Melbourne

Hong Kong

• HK University of Science and Technology

Israel

• Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Switzerland

• EPFL

August 2012

Coursera – Where do students come from?

Coursera

207 courses

35 university partners (25 US, 2 UK, 2 Can,

2 Indian, 1 Aus, 1 HK, 1 Israeli, 1 Swiss )

1,950,000 students (11/12)

38% USA, 6% Brazil, 5% India, 4% China (08/12)

Udacity

19 Courses

Colorado State University

c1,000,000 students

42% USA, 7% India, 5% UK, 4% Germany (08/12)

Two important considerations about MOOCs

• How quickly MOOC completion certificates will be integrated into formal credit at universities

• How MOOC methods may impact on traditional pedagogy


‘MOOCs will attract ‘glocal’ students with global aspirations and local experiences… Newer branch campuses will face unexpected competition from MOOCs’

Rahul Choudaha,WES, 05.08

‘MOOCs and IBCs are not mutually exclusive… It might be better to think of MOOCs and international branch campuses as independent internationalisation strategy options’

Observatory, 21.08

‘The branch-campus model is not fading… Without local endorsement of MOOC initiatives, it is doubtful that students will see them as a superior option… They serve different purposes and different clientele’

Jason Lane & Kevin Kinser, SUNY, 06.09

MOOCs and branch campuses

Higher Education and the Global Agenda: Alternative Pathways to the Future

IAU 14th General Conference

‘TNE, branch campuses and hubs:Drivers and trends’

William LawtonThe Observatory on Borderless Higher Education

Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico

30 November 2012

International branch campusesThings can go wrong

• Japan: 38 of 40 IBCs closed during economic crisis in 1990s• RMIT in Malaysia: Malaysian partner’s financial losses in

Asian economic crisis (1997)• Central Queensland University in Fiji: low enrolments &

political instability (2007)• also closed campus in New Zealand in 2008

• Uni of New South Wales in Singapore: low enrolments (2007)

• George Mason University in Dubai: depends on whose story you believe; either poor enrolments or thrown out by UQAIB (2009)

• University of Phoenix in Calgary and Vancouver: Unclear; possible relation to a lawsuit against parent company, Apollo Group of Arizona (2010)

• University of Northern Virginia in HK and Northern Cyrpus: accreditation revoked (2010?)


UAE (16/37)

China - M (8/17)

Malaysia (7/7)

Singapore (10/18)

Bahrain (3/3)

Qatar (8/10)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

11,8219,530

7,049

1660

27,500

20,200

15,300

12,700

5,820

2,100

Number of students at IBCs in each country (actual + extrapolations)

EstimateActual - Based on survey data

Host countries


UAE (16/37) China - M (8/17)

Malaysia (7/7)

Singapore (10/18)

Bahrain (3/3)

Qatar (8/10) Average0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

739

1,191

2,189

705

1,940

208

730

Average number of students at IBCs in each country

Host countries


UAEChina (M)

MalaysiaSingapore

BahrainQatar

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

60

88

75

3757 62

8

7

1

18

13

32

5

24

45 42 35

Where are they coming from? (%)

Students from other countriesStudents from home countryStudents from host coun-try

Host countries


Australia (11/12)

USA (36/78)

UK (19/25) India (6/17)

Malaysia (2/6)

France (10/27)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

27,545

13,34017,733

4,802 3,366 2004

30,000 28,900

23,300

13,600

10,100

5,400

Number of students at IBCs from each country (actual + extrapolations)

Estimate

Actual - Based on survey data

Home countries


Australia (11/12)

USA (36/78) UK (19/25)

India (6/17)

Malaysia (2/6)

France (10/27)

Average0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2,504

371

933800

1,683

200

730

Average number of students at IBCs originating from these countries

Home countries


UK France

IndiaUSA

Australia

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

79.5

25

52 50.5 64

0.5

51

18.519

5

2024

29.5 30.5 31

Where are they going?

Students from other countriesStudents from home countryStudents from host country

Home countries

Worldwide Access | Opportunity | International Standards

Validation Franchise Supported Campus

Reputation risk High Medium Low Low

Financial risk Low Medium Medium High

Control exerted Low Medium High High

Institutional relationship

Adoptive Parent

Parent - child Diverse Clone

Market responsiveness

High Medium Low High

• US universities still provide the greatest number of IBCs (78)

• but no net change since 2009• UAE still hosts the greatest number (37)

• though three fewer than in 2009

• France is now source country for 27 IBCs• 12 from ESMOD International Fashion group.

• UK has almost doubled its provision, from 13 to 25 • 8 more at least on the way

• shift in activity from the Middle East to the Far East

• number hosted by mainland China has increased by 70%

• (10 to 17) • number in Singapore has increased by 50%

• (12 to 18).

Observatory’s branch-campus report

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