consumer awareness on climate change - research

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Institute of Energy Management & Research

BUSINESS RESEARCH REPORT

ON

CONSUMER AWARENESS ABOUT IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

AND THEIR WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT NEW MEASURES

SUBMITTED FROM

ROLL No NAME

P121030 JAYARAMAN G

P121061 SAURAV SHRIDHAR

P121042 PARESH NADIG

P121013 AXIT JAIN

P121074 VIPUL TIWARI

DATE: 13-03-13


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep gratitude to Professor ofGreat Lakes IEMR Gurgaon for her constantsupport, guidance and motivation which helped us immensely in completing this project.

The project provided us with an opportunity to understand the fundamentals of research

methods in a better manner and apply them. The insistence on taking up a socially relevant

topic like the consumer awareness on climate change and their willingness to adopt new

measures help us to understand the issue of climate change better and correlate the

research to human behavioural aspect.

We also would like to thank our respondents for giving us their valuable time and providing

us with the information needed to carry out the research successfully.


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

There's a lot of information floating around about climate change. Most people know it has

something to do with industrial pollution, changing weather, waste and plastic disposal and

vehicle exhaust. But how much is the general public really aware, that question is left

unanswered.

The key objective of the project is to study the awareness of climate change in every

segments of the society. The project is intended to analyse the knowledge about climate

change and willingness to adopt new and eco friendly methods. The report is initiated with

the objective to find out the peoples awareness about climate change and their willingness

to adopt new measures through exploratory research methodology using non probability

sampling of a sample size of 86. Online survey was conducted.

The Research conducted showed that though the awareness about climate change is very

high, the willingness to take action is found to be lacking. The significant relationship

between various data collected and some of the expected impacts failed, which tells that

the perception what people have in their mind is different from what actually happens.

Many characteristics such as willingness to spend more for a better future vary with

demographic characteristics. Hence we cannot blindly conclude that climate change

awareness results in people willing to adopt new measures.

The last part consists of some recommendations for the way ahead towards a better eco

friendly future. With gradual shift in mentality, it can be hoped that people will start

adopting newer measures and contribute with a better and active involvement.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX

No

CONTENT PAGE No

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS IMPORTANCE 2

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM 3

1.2.1 INDIAN SCENARIO 4

1.2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 7

2.1 OBJECTIVES 7

2.2 HYPOTHESIS 7

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9

3.1 TYPE OF RESEARCH DESIGN 9

3.2 DATA COLLECTION METHOD 9

3.2.1 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHOD 103.2.2 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION METHOD 10

3.2.3 ONLINE SURVEY 10

3.2.4 OBSERVATIONS 11

3.3 FORMATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE 11

3.4 DATA COLLECTION DEVISES 11

3.4.1 ONLINE APPROACH 11

3.4.2 TELEPHONIC INTERVIEW 12

3.5 SAMPLING APPROACHES 12

3.5.1 POPULATION DEFINITION 12

3.5.2 SAMPLING PLAN 12

3.5.3 SAMPLING PROFILE 134 FINDINGS 15

4.1.1 GENERAL FINDINGS 15

4.1.2 CRITICAL FINDINGS 16

5 SUMMARY 22

6 CONCLUSION 24

7 RECOMMENDATION 26

8 RESEARCH LIMITATION 27

9 REFERENCES 27

APPENDICES

A GLOSSRY OF TEST USED 28

B QUESTIONNAIRE 29

C RECODING TABLE 31

D SPSS OUTPUTS 33

E SECONDARY DATA TABLES 47

LIST OF TABLES

INDEX No NAME PAGE No

1.1 SAMPLING PLAN 12

1.2 COMPARISON OF MEN AND WOMEN 12

Appendix

D

SPSS TABLES 33


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LIST OF CHARTS

INDEX No NAME PAGE No

Fig 1.1 COMPARISON OF MEN AND WOMEN 13

Fig 1.2 PROFESSION 14Fig 1.3 AGE 14

Fig 1.4 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION 15

Fig 1.5 SALARY 15

Appendix

E

SECONDARY DATA FIGURES 47


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1. Introduction:

"First, I worry about climate change. It's the only thing that I believe has the power

to fundamentally end the march of civilization as we know it, and make a lot of the other

efforts that we're making irrelevant and impossible."

- Bill Clinton (Former US President)

The above words of the U.S. President have a striking significance that on any kind of

thought would bring out a peril in the minds of the reader. Earth as we all know, was

created in all its glory to sustain life. Human evolution and his actions have impacted the

earths behaviour from time to time. As centuries passed the civilization grew and along

with it so did the various acts of disturbing Mother Nature. The concept of climate change

did not have a significant presence till the 19th century. At present, it is one of the most

debated issues worldwide and all countries of the world are trying their part to act upon tocurb the effects of climate change. The below timeline depicts the issue climate change

through history.

1800-1870:

Mean global temperature (1850-1870) is about 13.6C. First Industrial Revolution occurred.

Coal, railroads, and land clearing speed up greenhouse gas emission, while better

agriculture and sanitation speed up population growth.

1824:

Fourier calculates that the Earth would be far colder if it lacked an atmosphere.

1859:

Tyndall discovers that some gases block infrared radiation. He suggests that changes in the

concentration of the gases could bring climate change.

1896:

Arrhenius publishes first calculation of global warming from human emissions of CO2.

1870-1910:

Second Industrial Revolution. Fertilizers and other chemicals, electricity, and public health

further accelerate growth.

1914-1930:

World War I happens. Industrialization grows. Global warming trend officially gets reported.


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1939-1960:

World War II happens. Developed nations emerge. Industrialization finds a new accelerating

growth rate.

1976 1980:

Deforestation and other ecosystem changes are recognized as major factors in the future of

the climate. Scientific opinion tends to converge on global warming, not cooling, as the chief

climate risk in next century.

2000 Present:

Various protocols like Kyoto Protocol are in place. Carbon emission control measures are

established. Mean global temperature is 14.6C, the warmest in hundreds, and probably

thousands of years.

1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Necessity has always been the mother of invention. With everyday passing day, the

world has seen improvements in all perspectives. Industrialization has been taking place

since early days and has been the key reason for a nations growth. On one hand though ithad produced tremendous results, on the other, the carbon emissions were growing at an

alarming pace. Rising carbon levels were also contributed by increase in the number of

vehicles, radiations, improper waste management etc. People initially were less aware of

the climate change issue but have gradually grown conscious about the effects. Newspapers

and magazines have several times highlighted the issue of climate change and the steps

taken by many to curb it. Few of them are as below:

The effects of climate change are already evident in Europe and the situation is set to get

worse, the European Environment Agency has warned.

- BBC News, November 21, 2012

Carbon dioxide levels show biggest spike in 15 years

- Economic Times, March 7, 2013

Climate change solutions must be locally relevant


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- Business Line, January 6, 2013

Scientists: Pace of Climate Change Exceeds Estimates

- The Washington Post, February 15,

2009

BASIC countries seek $30-bn green fund

- Business Standard, February 18,

2013

Grim global warming outlook for India post 2030

- Economic Times, October 1, 2012

Fund to fight Climate Change in Africa becomes operational in 2013

- Ghanabusinessreviews.com, March8, 2013

EUR 150 Million Loan to Mitigate Climate Change in India

- Cogeneration and Onsite Power

Production Magazine, March 8,

2013

Given the scenario that climate change is potentially bad and would significantly affect the

living of mankind, it is necessary that all people must be aware of it and must actively work

towards controlling the climate change to pave the way for a better future. But, that is not

the case as such because the level of awareness about the climate change remains

subjective. This study has been done both qualitatively and quantitatively to analyse the

awareness quotient of the people about the climate change in the Indian society.

1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM

Definition: Climate change is a long-term transition in weather conditions identified by

changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators. Climate change can

involve both changes in average conditions and changes in variability, including, for

example, extreme events.

The earth's climate is naturally variable on all time scales. However, its long-term state and

average temperature are regulated by the balance between incoming and outgoing energy,

which determines the Earth's energy balance.

Climate change can be caused by natural causes as well as human activities. Focusing on

human activities, its caused by burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land for forestryand agriculture. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, these human influences on


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the climate system have increased substantially. In addition to other environmental impacts,

these activities change the land surface and emit various substances to the atmosphere.

These in turn can influence both the amount of incoming energy and outgoing energy and

can have both warming and cooling effects on the climate. The dominant product of fossil

fuel combustion is carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The overall effect of human activitiessince the Industrial Revolution has been a warming effect, driven primarily by emissions of

carbon dioxide and enhanced by emissions of other greenhouse gases.

The build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to an increase enhancement of

the natural greenhouse effect. It is this human-induced enhancement of the greenhouse

effect that is of concern because ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases have the potential

to warm the planet to levels that have never been experienced in the history of human

civilization. Such climate change could have far-reaching and/or unpredictable

environmental, social, and economic consequences.

1.2.1.INDIAN SCENARIO:

At a time when development in India is growing at a rapid pace, severe impact by climate

change may also be seen. Like other developing countries, several sections of the Indian

population will not be able to buffer themselves from impacts of global warming. With close

economic dependency with natural resources and climate-sensitive sectors such as

agriculture, water and forestry, India may face a major threat, and require serious adaptive

capacity to combat climate change. As a developing country, India cannot afford the risks

and economic backlashes that industrialized nations can. With people living still below the

poverty line, reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change is of utmost

importance.

It is in Indias interest to ensure that the world moves towards a low carbon future. With

changes in key climate parameters, namely temperature, precipitation and humidity, crucial

sectors like agriculture and rural development are likely to be affected in a major way.

Impacts are already being seen in unprecedented heat waves, cyclones, floods, salination of

the coastline and effects on agriculture, fisheries and health.

Hence with an interest to know whether the general public are aware about the impacts of

climate change and their willingness to adopt measures to reduce it, this research is

performed on the consumers typically residing in urban cities and towns.
http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=1A0305D5-1http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=1A0305D5-1


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2. STATEMENT OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

2.1 OBJECTIVES

The key objective of the project is to study the extent to which the consumers have

awareness about the issues of climate change. The study also aims to know the

peoples willingness to understand and adopt new measures which help to reduce theclimate change. In clearer perspective to mention these objectives, they can be

classified as follows,

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

To find whether people are aware of the climate change or not.

Factors contributing to their awareness on climate change.

To assess their life style changes due to climate change.

To assess peoples mentality to adapt to new green measures.

To assess their spending and contributing capability towards climate change.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES

How certain characteristics of climate change varies demographically.

To assess whether there is a relation between the education background and

knowledge on climate change.

2.2 HYPOTHESIS

There are numerous hypotheses that can be framed pertaining to the research. But

with respect to our key focus areas and the results we are targeting, we restrict

ourselves to the following hypotheses.

HYPOTHESIS 1

The concern on climate change and global warming varies with education

level.

HYPOTHESIS 2

The concern on climate change and global warming varies with gender.

HYPOTHESIS 3

The level of concern of about the motor vehicle pollution and industrial

pollution varies with the education level.

HYPOTHESIS 4


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The willingness to pay towards climate change varies with the salary.

HYPOTHESIS 5

The direct contribution factor of people towards sustainable and

responsible organizations varies with salary.

HYPOTHESIS 6

The willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiative against

climate change is significant.

HYPOTHESIS 7

The willingness in people to contribute direct funds towards sustainable

organizations has a significant relationship with the gender.

HYPOTHESIS 8

The willingness in people to contribute funds directly to sustainable

organizations has a significant relationship with their employment status.

HYPOTHESIS 9

The willingness in people to buy eco friendly sustainable

products/services has a significant relationship with their employment

status.

HYPOTHESIS 10

The opinion in people for the need of more restrictions to stop different

pollutions has a significant relationship with employment status.

HYPOTHESIS 11

The level of concern in climate change of people is significantly related to

their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation.

HYPOTHESIS 12

The willingness of people to adopt new and sustainable measures is

significantly related to their acceptance of behavioural change in buying

patterns.


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3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The success of any project depends upon the research methods they actually use

and the effective utilisation of the research tools. The interpretation can be best

achieved towards the expected results only by the way how these research methods

get handled. Here are the research methodologies of the project

3.1 LITREATURE REVIEW:

According to Wikipedia, the most general definition of climate change is a change in

the statistical properties of climate system when considered over long periods of

time, regardless of cause. The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate

change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have

resulted as part of Earth's natural processes. In this sense, especially in the context

of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymouswith anthropogenic global warming. Within scientific journals, global warming refers

to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and

everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels will affect. Due to the

increasing carbon emissions like release of CFC and other gases, there has been a

significant rise in average surface temperature of the earth by more than 1 degree

Fahrenheit since 1900.

Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007


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The climate change effects are seen all over the world. According to Christensen et. al.

(2007), India will be experiencing greater variation in its temperature with warmer wintersthan summers. Cruz et. al. (2007) says that the rising temperature pattern is set to continue

in the future. Cohen (2008) warns that due to these climate change effects, the food

security will get affected and malnutrition may increase.

Over the past decade, public opinion about climate change has become increasingly well

documented. Awareness about climate change is very high, and a number of surveys have

shown that the Indians of the public express substantial concern about it.

India is making efforts to enhance environmental protection in general, although these

initiatives are not specifically focused on global warming in particular. The Ministry of

Environment and Forests (MOEF) promotes environmental awareness and education

through the Centre for Environment Education (CEE), and an annual National Environment

Awareness Campaign (NEAC) on select environmental issues (MOEF, 2007). The Ministry of

Human Resource Development supports initiatives for environmental education undertaken

by civil-society organizations (CEE, 2007).

As per a research conducted by Parikh et. al. (2002), Indias obligation to minimise energy

consumption - particularly oil consumption - and to deal with its environmental problems

prompt it to follow many such policies. Directly or indirectly these efforts are made by

Government as well as by people to reduce energy consumption. These include: -a) Emphasis on energy conservation and energy efficiency

b) Promotion of renewable energy sources.

c) Abatement of air pollution.

d) Afforestation and wasteland development.

e) Economic reforms, subsidy removal and joint ventures in capital goods.

f) Fuel substitution policies.

Some of these efforts are on-going for several decades and are institutionalised.

Talking in public perspective, individuals engagement with an issue is represented as a

series of stages along a path beginning with awareness of an environmental problem andending with an understanding of solutions as per Stamms Problem-Solution Path Model. In

Stage 0, a person is not aware of the issue. People in Stage 1 know about the problem, but

have not focused their attention on it. People in Stage 2 have assessed the importance of

the issue. In Stage 2a people have decided that the situation is not a problem. Those in

Stage 2b have decided that global warming is a problem and are aware of causes,

consequences, and solutions. Those in Stage 3 have thought about possible solutions. In

Stage 4, people have a good idea of what needs to be done to address the issue.


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Stamms Problem-Path Model (Source: Stamm et al 2000)

This study aims to capture the awareness of the people in India about the climate change

issues and their willingness to adopt new measures for a better environment.

3.2 TYPE OF RESEARCH DESIGN

Since the project requires the deeper understanding about the impact made by

social networking sites, exploratory research design will be optimum. However the

root causes of the problem is well known i.e. excessive internet usage and hence

Causal Research Design will also be effective. Hence in this project we have used a

mixture ofExploratory and Causal Research Design methods for our convenience.

3.3 DATA COLLECTION METHODS

The data collection is the most tedious and success determining factor of any

project. Hence various methods are usually adopted to ensure the success of the

research. Here we too have adopted many methods to increase the dependability of

the results.

3.3.1 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS

Primary data is the unique chamber of every project. The base rate success of any

project is determined by the primary data. Hence here we used many methods to

ensure our efficiency. Some of the methods are,

Market Survey by Questionnaires

Telephonic conversations

3.3.2 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS


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The secondary data will give us an overall idea about the depth of research which

we undertook. Sometimes it will also give the various dimensions of the research

already undertaken. Moreover we can be confident with what we are doing and

whether the research is on track. The secondary data will gives us a platform for

comparison of our values. Sometimes it will help us in making corrections andadding values. The various methods adopted for

Research documents from some top universities

Research documents in online portal

Research articles

Various blogs to analyse view of people

Journals regarding the project

3.3.3 ONLINE SURVEYSThe online surveys which are done by others helped us as a tool in creating a basis

of forming a questionnaire. These surveys acted as a tool for verifying our data

and preventing us in going into bias decisions. It provided us an opportunity to

read the minds of the people and to design the questionnaire more user friendly

and easy to understand. The mistakes done with their questionnaires are

corrected with our questionnaire. For example

The options like sometimes, many times etc. are corrected like 3-5 times,

more than 10 times as such.

Unwanted questions have been avoided and more relevant questions

related to our research have been selected.

The Blanks which are usually used to specify the others options, has been

removed as most of the people wont find it interesting to fill the blanks.

There are numerous other benefits we acquired from these online surveys which

paved the way to move forward. A huge volume of data has been collected from

already conducted surveys. Hence online surveys acted as an important tool in

collecting the data.

3.3.4 OBSERVATIONS

Certain data which are required to form the questionnaire has been developed

from the common observations. Most of the justifications made with the

questionnaire are from common observations. Certain assumptions in this project

are also developed from these observations.

3.4 FORMATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE


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The Questionnaire is the basic tool used to collect the primary data. The

development of questionnaire happened in three stages.

STAGE 1:

A Preliminary questionnaire was made, representing all our researchquestions and objectives. It was viewed and corrected by our professor for certain

changes.

STAGE 2:

Trial sample of the updated questionnaire is given to 10 participants and

their feedback was obtained. Based on their feedback, certain modifications are

done in a more participant point of view.

STAGE 3:

The Final questionnaire is with best of its modifications is used for the survey

in all means.

The final questionnaire was made into online format.

3.5 DATA COLLECTION DEVICES

The data collection devices need to be more appropriate for any project to ensure

the credibility of the results obtained. Hence we used a number of devices to collect

the data. These collection devices are determined subjectively based on the target

group we are approaching and based on our convenience.

3.5.1 ONLINE APPROACH

The first and major data collection device used in this project is online survey

through mails. The reasons for using this method as a primary tool are

More number of people can be easily approached

The entry of data into the excel sheet becomes easier.

Most of our target audience can be approached easily through the mails.

Very large volume of data can be easily collected without much physical

works.

This tool has been very successful for our project. Large volume of data, greater

than expected has been collected from this method.


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3.5.2 TELEPHONIC CONVERSATIONS

The above approach gave us a variety but the data is regional biased. Hence in

order to overcome this, we went for some telephonic calls with people at some

long distances. Their responses were recorded.

3.6 SAMPLING APPROACHES

3.6.1 POPULATION DEFINITION

The sample population for this project consist of students, professionals,

householders and common people.

3.6.2 SAMPLING PLAN

As the research is purely subjective in nature, we decided that Non Probability

sampling method will be optimum for this project. In that the suitable methods

we have used comes under the categories of both Judgemental and Convenience

sampling methods.

3.6.3 SAMPLING SIZE AND APPROACH

TABLE 1.1 SAMPLING PLAN

TARGET

PEOPLE

SIZE SIZE

JUSTIFICATION

METHOD METHOD

JUSTIFICATION

Students 49 Students

nowadays are

aware of many

things. They

are potential

game changers

of the future.

Hence theweightage is

given to them

the most

Online

approach

Most of them

available in

online. So It is

very easy to

collect data from

them

Working

Professionals

34 Most of the

working

professionals

we enquired

are less than

30 years of age

as they are the

ones who can

Online

approach

Most of them

available in

online. So It is

very easy to

collect data from

them


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exercise their

willingness to

adopt new

measures.

Other people

(non working,

retired)

3 Common

mans

perspective

Telephonic

conversation

We couldnt find

this category

online and hence

telephonic

approach was

taken.

3.6.4 SAMPLE PROFILE

The sample profile will help us in knowing the strength of the data collected and

the dependency with these datas.

TABLE 1.1 COMPARISONS OF MEN AND WOMEN

Parameters Numbers

Total people participated 86

Male 60

Female 26

Men : women 2.3:1

Fig 1.1 COMPARISONS: MEN AND WOMEN

Fig 1.2 PROFESSIONS OF THE PEOPLE


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Fig 1.3 AGES OF THE PEOPLE

Fig 1.4 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OF THE PEOPLE


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Fig 1.5 SALARY BRACKETS OF THE PEOPLE

4.0 FINDINGS

4.1.1 GENERAL FINDINGS:

100% of the respondents have answered that they are familiar with the term of

climate change.

Most of the respondents were educated about the climate change through

television, in schools and colleges, internet and newspaper mainly.

69.76% of the respondents were male and 30.23% were females.

52% of the respondents feel that more restrictions are necessary to control differenttypes of pollution.


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4.1.2. CRITICAL FINDINGS:

The Critical finding mainly deals with the relations between the variables collected and

to infer the significance between them. This part will generally answer the questions

which cannot be answered by viewing the data collected.

FINDING 1

H1o: The concern on climate change and global warming does not vary

with education level.

H11: The concern on climate change and global warming varies with

education level.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA INFERENCE: The p value is not significant for demographic variable of

education. Hence we cannot reject the null hypothesis H1o. (TABLE 2.1 in

Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between concern on

climate change and education level. There is no significant relationship

between concern on global warming and education level. Thus, the

concern on climate change does not vary with education level.

FINDING 2

H2o: The concern on climate change and global warming does not vary

with gender.

H21: The concern on climate change and global warming varies with

gender.

TEST APPLIED: Independent T-test

INFERENCE: The p value is not significant for demographic variable of

education. Hence we cannot reject the null hypothesis H2o. (TABLE 2.2 in

Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between concern on

climate change and gender. There is no significant relationship between

concern on global warming and gender. Thus, the concern on climate

change does not vary with gender.


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FINDING 3

H3o: The level of concern of about the motor vehicle pollution and

industrial pollution varies with the education level.

H31: The level of concern of about the motor vehicle pollution andindustrial pollution varies with the education level.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA

INFERENCE: The p value is significant for demographic variable of

education. Hence we reject the null hypothesis H3o. (TABLE 2.3 in

Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between concern on

motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollution with education level.

Thus, the concern on motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollutionvaries with educational level.

FINDING 4

H4o: The willingness to pay towards climate change does not vary with

the salary.

H41: The willingness to pay towards climate change varies with the

salary. TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA

INFERENCE: The p value is significant for both the parameters under

consideration. Hence we reject the null hypothesis H4o. (TABLE 2.4 in

Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between income and

willingness to pay for a better sustainable product or for products which

cause less harm to environment. Peoples willingness to spend money for

a better environment varies with their salary.


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FINDING 5

H5o: The direct contribution factor of people towards sustainable and

responsible organizations do not vary with salary.

H51: The direct contribution factor of people towards sustainable and

responsible organizations varies with salary.


INFERENCE: The p value is not significant for direct contribution factor.

Hence we cannot reject the null hypothesis H5o. (TABLE 2.5 in Appendix

D)

CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between direct

contribution factor and income. Hence, the direct contribution factor ofpeople towards organizations which help for controlling climate change

does not vary with their income.

FINDING 6

H6o: The willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiativeagainst climate change is not significant.

H61:The willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiative

against climate change is significant.


INFERENCE: The p value is not significant for willingness to volunteer.

Hence we cannot reject the null hypothesis H6o. (TABLE 2.6 in Appendix

D)

CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between willingnessto volunteer and age. Hence, the willingness in young people to volunteer

for a better initiative against climate change is not significant.


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FINDING 7

H7o: The willingness in people to contribute direct funds towards

sustainable organizations does not hold a significant relationship with the

gender.

H71: The willingness in people to contribute direct funds towards

sustainable organizations holds a significant relationship with the gender.


INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the willingness to directly

contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organizations. Hence, we

reject the null hypothesis H7o. (TABLE 2.7 in Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between willingness to

contribute funds directly towards sustainable organizations and gender.

FINDING 8

H8o: The willingness in people to contribute funds directly to sustainable

organizations does not have a significant relationship with their

employment status.

H81:The willingness in people to contribute funds directly to sustainable

organizations has a significant relationship with their employment status.


INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the willingness to directly

contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organizations. Hence, we

reject the null hypothesis H8o. (TABLE 2.8 in Appendix D)


contribute funds directly towards sustainable organizations and the

employment status.


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FINDING 9

H9o: The willingness in people to buy eco friendly sustainable

products/services does not have a significant relationship with theiremployment status.

H91: The willingness in people to buy eco friendly sustainable

products/services has a significant relationship with their employment

status.


INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the willingness to buy eco

friendly sustainable products/services. Hence, we reject the null

hypothesis H9o. (TABLE 2.9 in Appendix D)


buy eco friendly sustainable products/services and the employment

status.

FINDING 10

H10o: The opinion in people for the need of more restrictions to stopdifferent pollutions does not have a significant relationship with

employment status.

H101: The opinion in people for the need of more restrictions to stop

different pollutions has a significant relationship with employment status.


INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the opinion in people for the

need for more restrictions. Hence, we reject the null hypothesis H 10o.

(TABLE 2.10 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between employment

status and the opinion of the people for need of more restrictions in

controlling different pollutions.


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FINDING 11

H11o: The level of concern in climate change of people is not significantly

related to their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation.

H111: The level of concern in climate change of people is significantlyrelated to their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation.


INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the level of concern in climate

change. Hence, we reject the null hypothesis H11o. (TABLE 2.11 in

Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between level of

concern in climate change of people and their acceptance of behavioural

change in transportation.

FINDING 12

H12o: The willingness of people to adopt new and sustainable measures

is not significantly related to their acceptance of behavioural change in

buying patterns.

H121:The willingness of people to adopt new and sustainable measures

is significantly related to their acceptance of behavioural change in buying

patterns.


INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the willingness factors. Hence,

we reject the null hypothesis H12o. (TABLE 2.12 in Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between willingness of people to adopt

new and sustainable measures and their acceptance of behavioural change in buying

patterns.


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5.0 SUMMARY

Ho VARIABLES TEST P Values Variables Conclusion

1 Q4a, Q4b with

demographic characteristic

Q10.

One way

ANOVA

>0.05 None Not

significant

2 Q4a, Q4b with

demographic characteristic

Q8.

Independ

ent T test

>0.05 None Not

Significant

3 Q4e, Q4f with demographic

characteristic Q10.

One way

ANOVA

0.05 None Not

Significant

7 Q7e with demographic

characteristic Q8

Independ

ent

sample T

test


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There is significant relationship between concern on motor vehicle pollution and

industrial pollution with education level. Thus, the concern on motor vehicle

pollution and industrial pollution varies with educational level.

There is significant relationship between income and willingness to pay for a better

sustainable product or for products which cause less harm to environment. Peopleswillingness to spend money for a better environment varies with their salary.

There is significant relationship between willingness to contribute funds directly

towards sustainable organizations and gender.

There is significant relationship between willingness to contribute funds directly

towards sustainable organizations and the employment status.

There is significant relationship between willingness to buy eco friendly sustainable

products/services and the employment status.

There is significant relationship between employment status and the opinion of the

people for need of more restrictions in controlling different pollutions.

There is significant relationship between level of concern in climate change of people

and their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation.

There is significant relationship between willingness of people to adopt new and

sustainable measures and their acceptance of behavioural change in buying

patterns.

It can be seen that people who are students are of the strong opinion that more

restrictions are needed to control the different kinds of pollution.

It can be seen that people who are students are ready to buy goods/services made

out of eco friendly and sustainable means even if they are little expensive and

available anywhere.

It can also be seen that people who are students and retired people from work are

ready to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations which

work to control climate change.

Though there is significance between the level of concern on climate change and

transportation, surprisingly the mean response of the people who have voted for

acceptance of behavioural change as NO is greater than people who have said YES in

the transportation factor. This shows that even though people have a concern about

the climate change their behavioural lifestyle change has not happened in

transportation.

Though the willingness of the people to adopt new and sustainable measures has a

significance with the peoples acceptance of behavioural change in lifestyle of buying

patterns, it can be seen that the mean response of people who have voted for NO is

greater than people who have said YES in the buying pattern factor. This shows that,

people though having a willingness to adopt new measures to control climatechange are still experiencing the same conventional buying pattern of products.


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There is no significant relationship between concern on climate change, global

warming and demographic characteristics like education level and gender.

There is no significant relationship between direct contribution factor and income.

Hence, the direct contribution factor of people towards organizations which help for

controlling climate change does not vary with their income. There is no significant relationship between willingness to volunteer and age. Hence,

the willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiative against climate

change is not significant.

6.0 CONCLUSION

Around the globe, seasons are shifting, temperatures are climbing and sea levels are rising.

And meanwhile, our planet must still supply us and all living things with air, water, food

and safe places to live. Climate change is one of the biggest issues facing the world

today. Global warming is the increased heat trapped in the earth's atmosphere resulting

from excess greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). These naturally occurring

gases including Methane (CH4) & Nitrous Oxide (N20) form a layer in the atmosphere

reflecting the sun's rays back down to the earth. These gases are exacerbated in the

atmosphere by fossil fuel use for energy (i.e. coal and oil) and the alteration to our natural

landscape. This has an unnatural warming effect on our fragile environment. Though

industrialized countries have impacted greatly the global climate change, it is developingnations that will suffer most as they lack the finances and resources to quickly and

efficiently cope with and adapt to the changing climate. Immediate action is necessary to

halt the effects of climate change. People must realize the potential threats and act to save

the future from the effects of climate change. The willingness to bring about a change is tied

with the awareness. Hence in this research, we tried to clarify certain issues and were quite

successful also. Some of the conclusions are:

Most people are nowadays aware of the climate change, thanks to the media.

People seem to be concerned about various effects of climate change. There is significant co relation between various data collected and many of the

expected impacts failed, which tells that the perception what people have in their

mind is different from what actually happens.

Many characteristics, effects and impacts vary with demographic characteristics.

Hence it should not be concluded that all people who are aware of climate change

are willing to adopt new measures to control it.

Though people are willing to a certain extent to have changes in their lifestyle of

adopting new measures, they are completely not ready to involve in the controlling

activities.


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Educated people seem to be more aware of climate change and their willingness to

control it is high.

Finally we conclude that, though climate change awareness is spreading wide with every

progressing day, it cannot be controlled effectively unless all the people are ready to changethemselves in a way that is beneficial to Mother Nature.

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

The following are the recommendations we like to give for the future of addressing the issue

of climate change:

A mere awareness about the climate change is never enough. People should be

educated well about the climate change and its potential threats. Illiteracy is a big

culprit which contributes to the lack of awareness about things. If everyone is

educated, itll lead to a better living on a whole.

A nations strength lies in the number of youths it has. More young people should

actively participate in conducting campaigns which help in spreading awareness.

Reduce; reuse and recycle should be the mantra for all.

People should actively participate in using supporting the new measures of

controlling climate change.


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8.0 LIMITATIONS

The sample size which we have taken is 86 which we are assuming is enough to carry

out the research.

Most of the sample population consists of students, professionals and hence our

research mainly focuses on working professionals and college student s awareness

about climate change.

The sample size taken is mainly judgmental in nature.

Most of the research papers which we have referred are of foreign authors and their

research is being done on their population, their culture is different so their

psychology differs significantly and we could not derive much take away about the

Indian population.

The expertise of the questionnaire design is limited.

The underlying assumption is that the survey conducted in limited area represents

the general psyche of the users awareness on climate change, hence it may be

biased.

Study on the various sections of society could not be performed since various

households people did not respond positively and did not cooperate.

Few of the participants were eliminated because of their incomplete responses, sowe couldnt get the use of some potential information given by them.

Moreover, different users have different needs when it comes to the adopting new

measures to control climate change which may be expensive. Real time search has to

balance between quality, authority, relevance and timeliness of the content.


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9.0 REFERENCES

From books and reports:

Christensen, J. H. et. al. (2007). Regional Climate Predictions. Climate Change

2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the 4

Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon, D.

et. al. (eds), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

Cruz, R. V. et. al. (2007). Asia. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and

Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group 2 to the 4 Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Parry, M. L. (eds), Cambridge University

Press: Cambridge

Cohen, M. J. et. al. (2008). Impact of climate change and bio energy on nutrition.

International Food Policy Research Institute Parikh, Jyoti K. and Parikh, Kirit (2002) , "Public Awareness about Global Warming in

Hyderabad, India".

Stamm et al (2000). Mass communication and public understanding of

environmental problems: The case of global warming. Public Understanding of

Science, 9, 219-229.

From websites:

Brett W. Pelham (2009, April 22). General format. Retrieved from

http://www.gallup.com/poll/117772/Awareness-Opinions-Global-Warming-Vary-

Worldwide.aspx last accessed on 04/02/13.

Bryan Clark (2011, Dec 20).General Format. Climate change from CO2 may not be as

bad as predicted. Retrieved from http://www.gizmag.com/climate-change-

predictions/20769/ last accessed on 11-03-13.

Anita Pugliese and Julie Ray (2009, Dec 11) . General format. Awareness of Climate

Change and Threat Vary by Region. Retrieved from

http://www.gallup.com/poll/124652/awareness-climate-change-threat-vary-

region.aspx last accessed on 11-03-13.

From newspaper:

Namrata Singh (2012, Dec 20) Spread awareness, reduce carbon emission: CII panel.

Retrieved from http://www.timesofindia.com

Jonathan Benson, (2010, Sep 10) Climate change legislation benefits the elite, not

the people. Retrieved from http://www.naturalnews.com
http://www.gallup.com/poll/117772/Awareness-Opinions-Global-Warming-Vary-Worldwide.aspx%20%20last%20accessed%20on%2004/02/13http://www.gallup.com/poll/117772/Awareness-Opinions-Global-Warming-Vary-Worldwide.aspx%20%20last%20accessed%20on%2004/02/13http://www.gizmag.com/author/bryan-clark/http://www.gizmag.com/climate-change-predictions/20769/http://www.gizmag.com/climate-change-predictions/20769/http://www.gallup.com/poll/124652/awareness-climate-change-threat-vary-region.aspxhttp://www.gallup.com/poll/124652/awareness-climate-change-threat-vary-region.aspxhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Namrata-Singh.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Namrata-Singh.cmshttp://www.gallup.com/poll/124652/awareness-climate-change-threat-vary-region.aspxhttp://www.gallup.com/poll/124652/awareness-climate-change-threat-vary-region.aspxhttp://www.gizmag.com/climate-change-predictions/20769/http://www.gizmag.com/climate-change-predictions/20769/http://www.gizmag.com/author/bryan-clark/http://www.gallup.com/poll/117772/Awareness-Opinions-Global-Warming-Vary-Worldwide.aspx%20%20last%20accessed%20on%2004/02/13http://www.gallup.com/poll/117772/Awareness-Opinions-Global-Warming-Vary-Worldwide.aspx%20%20last%20accessed%20on%2004/02/13


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APPENDIX A

GLOSSARY OF TEST USED

ONE SAMPLE T TEST

A one sample t-test allows us to test whether a sample mean (of a normally distributed

interval variable) significantly differs from a hypothesized value.

TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T TEST

An independent samples t-test is used when you want to compare the means of a normally

distributed interval dependent variable for two independent groups.

ONE WAY ANOVA

A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used when you have a categorical independent

variable (with two or more categories) and a normally distributed interval dependent

variable and you wish to test for differences in the means of the dependent variable broken

down by the levels of the independent variable.


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APPENDIX B

QUESTIONNAIRE

Consumer awareness on climate change and their willingness toadopt new measures

1) Have you heard of the term climate change? a) Yes b) No

2) Where have you heard about climate change? Tick whatever is applicable:

A) TelevisionB) Radio

C) NewspaperD) Internet

E) Specialist publications/academic journalsF) Environmental groups (e.g. Worldwide Fund for Nature)

G) School/ college/ universityH) Govt AgencyI) Public Library

J) Friends/FamilyK) Energy Suppliers

3) Do you think climate change is something that is affecting or is going to affect you, personally?

a) Yes b)No c) Dont Know

4) Do you think anything can be done to tackle climate change?

a) Yes b) No c) Dont Know

5) Please rate your level of concern on each of the following environmental issues:

Issue Totallyunconcerned

Somewhatunconcerned

Somewhatconcerned

Totally concerned

Climate Change

Ozone Hole

Air QualityGlobal Warming

Motor VehiclePollution

IndustrialPollution

Electronic Items

6) Do you feel environmental concerns has changed your behaviour in the areas listed below?

a) Transportation - A) Yes B) No

b) Recycling paper, garbage and yard waste A) Yes B) No

c) Buying Patterns (Buying from sustainable / responsible service providers) - A) Yes B) No


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7) Tick mark the option that you feel is most relevant to you:

Strongly Agree Disagree Agree StronglyDisagree

I would pay more for productswhose production and packaging

does less damage to theenvironment

Despite the apparently potential

negative economic impact, morerestrictions on industry are neededto stop pollution in our air, water,ground and food.

I am prepared to buy goods /services made using responsible or

sustainable practices only even ifthey are slightly more expensive,

wherever availableI am willing to contribute as avolunteer towards the cause of

cleaner and better environment inany way whatsoever.

I am willing to directly contributefunds to sustainable andresponsible organisations.

I am willing to participate / buy /know more creating sustainableproducts and services.

8) Sexa) Male b) Female

9) How old are you?

a) 10-15 b) 16-20 c) 21-25 d) 26-30 e) 31-35 f) 36-40 g)41-45 h)46-50 i) above 50

10) Educational Backgrounda)High School b)UG c)PG d)Diploma e)other

11) You are currently residing in: a) City b) Town c) Taluk d) Village

12) Profession: a) Govt b) Private c) Student d) Business e) Unemployed f) Retired

13) Income: a) 7L

THANK YOU FOR YOUR CO-OPERATION.

HAVE A NICE DAY


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APPENDIX C

CODING MANUAL

QUESTIONS OPTIONS CODED VALUE RECODED

VALUE1 Yes 1

No 2

2-1 Television 1

2-2 Radio 1

2-3 Newspaper 1

2-4 Internet 1

2-5 Specialist

publications/academic

journals

1

2-6 Environmental groups

(e.g. Worldwide Fund

for Nature)

1

2-7 School/ college/

university

1

2-8 Govt Agency 1

2-9 Public Library 1

2-10 Friends/Family 1

2-12 Energy Suppliers 1

3 Yes 1

No 2

Dont Know 3

4 Totally unconcerned 1

Somewhat

unconcerned

2

Somewhat concerned 3

Totally concerned 4

5 Yes 1

No 2

Cant say 3

6-1 Yes 1

No 2

6-2 Yes 1

No 2

6-3 Yes 1

No 2

7-1 to 7-6 Strongly Agree 1Disagree 2


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Agree 3

Strongly Disagree 4

8 Male 1

Female 2

9 10-15 1 1

16-20 2 1

21-25 3 1

26-30 4 2

31-35 5 2

36-40 6 2

41-45 7 2

46-50 8 2

Above 50 9 2

10 High School 1

Under Graduate 2Graduate 3

Post Graduate 4

Diploma 5

Other 6

11 City 1

Town 2

Taluk 3

Village 4

12 Govt 1

Private 2Student 3

Business 4

Unemployed 5

Retired 6

Other 7

13 Less than 1,00,000 1

1,00,000-4,00,000 2

4,00,000-7,00,000 3

Greater than 7,00,000 4


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APPENDIX D (SPSS OUTPUTS)


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TABLE 2.1

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Climate Change Between Groups 2.266 3 .755 .994 .400

Within Groups 61.545 81 .760

Total 63.812 84

Global Warming Between Groups 6.793 3 2.264 2.414 .073


Total 82.776 84

TABLE 2.2

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for

Equality of

Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

F Sig. t df

Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference

Std. Error

Difference Lower Upper

Climate

Change

Equal

variances

assumed

.077 .783 -

1.386

82 .170 -.292 .211 -.710 .127

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

1.374

41.707 .177 -.292 .212 -.720 .137

Global

Warming

Equal

variances

assumed

.383 .538 -

1.040

82 .301 -.250 .240 -.728 .228

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

1.080

46.113 .286 -.250 .231 -.716 .216

TABLE 2.3

ANOVA


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Motor Vehicle Pollution Between Groups 7.525 3 2.508 3.287 .025


Total 68.571 83

Industrial Pollution Between Groups 8.034 3 2.678 3.066 .033


Total 78.776 84

TABLE 2.4

ANOVA


I would pay more for

products whose production

and packaging does less

damage to the environment

Between Groups 10.159 3 3.386 4.114 .010


Total 66.959 72

I am willing to participate /

buy / know more creating

sustainable products and

services.

Between Groups 9.031 3 3.010 4.611 .005


Total 54.082 72

TABLE 2.5

ANOVA


I am willing to directly

contribute funds to

sustainable and responsible

organisations.

Between Groups 4.675 3 1.558 2.344 .081


Total 49.875 71


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TABLE 2.6


Levene's Test forEquality of


95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

F Sig. t df

Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference

Std. Error


I am willing to

contribute as a

volunteer

towards the

cause of

cleaner and

better

environment in

any way

whatsoever.

Equal

variances

assumed

1.188 .279 -.748 82 .457 -.199 .266 -.729 .331

Equal

variances not

assumed

-.783 31.554 .439 -.199 .254 -.717 .319

TABLE 2.7


Levene's Test for

Equality of


95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

F Sig. t df

Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference

Std. Error


I would pay

more for

products

Equal

variances

assumed

.634 .428 -

1.672

81 .098 -.388 .232 -.851 .074


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whose

production and

packaging

does less

damage to the

environment

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

1.672

39.911 .102 -.388 .232 -.858 .081

Despite the

apparently

potential

negative

economic

impact, more

restrictions on

industry are

needed to stop

pollution in our

air, water,

ground and

food.

Equal

variances

assumed

4.426 .039 -

1.629

79 .107 -.436 .268 -.968 .097

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

1.794

42.411 .080 -.436 .243 -.926 .054

I am prepared

to buy goods /

services made

using

responsible or

sustainable

practices only

even if they

are slightly

more

expensive,

wherever

available

Equal

variances

assumed

1.223 .272 -

2.191

81 .031 -.515 .235 -.983 -.047

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

2.210

40.643 .033 -.515 .233 -.986 -.044

I am willing to

contribute as a

volunteer

towards the

cause of

cleaner and

better

environment in

any waywhatsoever.

Equal

variances

assumed

2.282 .135 -

1.873

81 .065 -.455 .243 -.938 .028

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

1.925

42.204 .061 -.455 .236 -.932 .022


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I am willing to

directly

contribute

funds to

sustainable

and

responsible

organisations.

Equal

variances

assumed

.067 .796 -

3.369

79 .001 -.635 .188 -1.010 -.260

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

3.508

44.134 .001 -.635 .181 -1.000 -.270

I am willing to

participate /

buy / know

more creating

sustainable

products and

services.

Equal

variances

assumed

12.819 .001 -

1.937

81 .056 -.412 .213 -.836 .011

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

2.184

52.149 .034 -.412 .189 -.791 -.033

Group Statistics

Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean


contribute funds to


organisations.

Male 58 2.02 .783 .103

Female 23 2.65 .714 .149

TABLE 2.8

ANOVA






Between Groups 4.618 5 .924 1.013 .416


Total 75.750 83

Despite the apparentlypotential negative economic

impact, more restrictions on

industry are needed to stop

pollution in our air, water,

ground and food.

Between Groups 17.818 5 3.564 3.510 .007

Within Groups 77.170 76 1.015

Total 94.988 81

I am prepared to buy goods /

services made using

Between Groups 16.029 5 3.206 3.936 .003



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responsible or sustainable

practices only even if they

are slightly more expensive,

wherever available

Total 79.560 83

I am willing to contribute as a

volunteer towards the cause

of cleaner and better

environment in any way

whatsoever.

Between Groups 6.882 5 1.376 1.355 .251


Total 86.143 83


contribute funds to


organisations.

Between Groups 10.413 5 2.083 3.675 .005


Total 53.476 81




services.

Between Groups 3.928 5 .786 1.016 .414


Total 64.238 83

Descriptives

N Mean

Std.

Deviation

Std.

Error

95% Confidence

Interval for Mean

Minimum Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

I am willing to

directly contribute

funds to

sustainable and

responsible

organisations.

Private 29 1.79 .819 .152 1.48 2.10 1 3

Student 46 2.43 .720 .106 2.22 2.65 1 4

Business 2 1.50 .707 .500 -4.85 7.85 1 2

Unemployed 2 2.50 .707 .500 -3.85 8.85 2 3

Retired 1 3.00 . . . . 3 3

Other 2 3.00 .000 .000 3.00 3.00 3 3

Total 82 2.21 .813 .090 2.03 2.39 1 4

TABLE 2.9

ANOVA






Between Groups 4.618 5 .924 1.013 .416


Total 75.750 83


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40

Despite the apparently

potential negative economic




ground and food.

Between Groups 17.818 5 3.564 3.510 .007


Total 94.988 81


services made using




wherever available

Between Groups 16.029 5 3.206 3.936 .003


Total 79.560 83





whatsoever.

Between Groups 6.882 5 1.376 1.355 .251


Total 86.143 83


contribute funds to


organisations.

Between Groups 10.413 5 2.083 3.675 .005


Total 53.476 81




services.

Between Groups 3.928 5 .786 1.016 .414


Total 64.238 83

Descriptives

N Mean

Std.

Deviation

Std.

Error

95% Confidence

Interval for Mean

Minimum Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

I am prepared to

buy goods /

services made

using responsible

or sustainable

practices only even

if they are slightly

more expensive,

wherever available

Private 29 1.66 .897 .167 1.31 2.00 1 3

Student 48 2.48 .850 .123 2.23 2.73 1 4

Business 2 2.00 1.414 1.000 -10.71 14.71 1 3

Unemployed 2 2.50 2.121 1.500 -16.56 21.56 1 4

Retired 1 4.00 . . . . 4 4

Other 2 2.50 .707 .500 -3.85 8.85 2 3

Total 84 2.20 .979 .107 1.99 2.41 1 4


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TABLE 2.10

ANOVA


I would pay more forproducts whose production



Between Groups 4.618 5 .924 1.013 .416


Total 75.750 83






ground and food.

Between Groups 17.818 5 3.564 3.510 .007


Total 94.988 81


services made using




wherever available

Between Groups 16.029 5 3.206 3.936 .003


Total 79.560 83





whatsoever.

Between Groups 6.882 5 1.376 1.355 .251


Total 86.143 83


contribute funds to


organisations.

Between Groups 10.413 5 2.083 3.675 .005


Total 53.476 81




services.

Between Groups 3.928 5 .786 1.016 .414


Total 64.238 83

Descriptives

N Mean

Std.

Deviation

Std.

Error

95% Confidence

Interval for Mean

Minimum Maximum

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Despite the

apparently

Private 28 1.43 .879 .166 1.09 1.77 1 4

Student 48 2.31 1.075 .155 2.00 2.62 1 4


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potential negative

economic impact,

more restrictions

on industry are

needed to stop

pollution in our air,

water, ground and

food.

Business 2 1.00 .000 .000 1.00 1.00 1 1

Unemployed 2 2.00 1.414 1.000 -10.71 14.71 1 3

Retired 1 3.00 . . . . 3 3

Other 1 3.00 . . . . 3 3

Total 82 1.99 1.083 .120 1.75 2.23 1 4

TABLE 2.11


Levene's Test for

Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95%

Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

F Sig. t df

Sig.

(2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference

Std. Error


Climate

Change

Equal variances

assumed

.244 .623 -

2.261

82 .026 -.478 .211 -.899 -.057

Equal variances

not assumed

-

2.477

44.401 .017 -.478 .193 -.867 -.089

Ozone Hole Equal variances

assumed

.021 .885 -

1.027

81 .308 -.262 .255 -.768 .245

Equal variances

not assumed

-

1.008

35.960 .320 -.262 .259 -.788 .265

Air Quality Equal variances

assumed

.393 .532 -.285 82 .776 -.070 .247 -.562 .421

Equal variances

not assumed

-.267 33.026 .791 -.070 .264 -.607 .466

Global

Warming

Equal variances

assumed

1.168 .283 -

1.488

82 .141 -.365 .245 -.853 .123

Equal variances

not assumed

-

1.570

40.971 .124 -.365 .233 -.835 .105

Motor

Vehicle

Equal variances

assumed

.041 .840 -.196 81 .845 -.045 .228 -.499 .409


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Pollution Equal variances

not assumed

-.190 35.156 .850 -.045 .235 -.523 .433

Industrial

Pollution

Equal variances

assumed

.495 .484 -.746 82 .458 -.180 .242 -.661 .300

Equal variances

not assumed

-.778 40.024 .441 -.180 .232 -.649 .288

Electronic

Items

Equal variances

assumed

1.710 .195 -

1.848

82 .068 -.459 .248 -.953 .035

Equal variances

not assumed

-

1.989

42.735 .053 -.459 .231 -.924 .006

Group Statistics

Transaportation N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Climate Change Yes 62 3.11 .889 .113

No 22 3.59 .734 .157

TABLE 2.12


Levene's Test for

Equality of


95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

F Sig. t df

Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference

Std. Error


I would pay

more for

products

whose

production and

packaging

does less

damage to the

environment

Equal

variances

assumed

13.440 .000 -

1.766

80 .081 -.385 .218 -.819 .049

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

1.906

71.008 .061 -.385 .202 -.788 .018

Despite the

apparently

potential

Equal

variances

assumed

.004 .951 -

1.655

78 .102 -.413 .250 -.910 .084


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negative

economic

impact, more

restrictions on

industry are

needed to stop

pollution in our

air, water,

ground and

food.

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

1.660

58.874 .102 -.413 .249 -.911 .085

I am prepared

to buy goods /

services made

using

responsible or

sustainable

practices only

even if they

are slightly

more

expensive,

wherever

available

Equal

variances

assumed

3.255 .075 -

2.693

80 .009 -.586 .218 -1.019 -.153

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

2.740

60.630 .008 -.586 .214 -1.014 -.158

I am willing to

contribute as a

volunteer

towards the

cause of

cleaner and

better

environment in

any way

whatsoever.

Equal

variances

assumed

4.975 .029 -

3.336

80 .001 -.746 .224 -1.191 -.301

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

3.397

60.826 .001 -.746 .220 -1.186 -.307

I am willing to

directly

contribute

funds to

sustainable

and

responsible

organisations.

Equal

variances

assumed

2.549 .114 -

2.810

78 .006 -.516 .184 -.882 -.151

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

3.062

69.746 .003 -.516 .169 -.853 -.180


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I am willing to

participate /

buy / know

more creating

sustainable

products and

services.

Equal

variances

assumed

17.566 .000 -

1.871

80 .065 -.372 .199 -.768 .024

Equal

variances not

assumed

-

2.067

74.722 .042 -.372 .180 -.731 -.013

Group Statistics

Buying

Patterns N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean





Yes 53 2.13 1.020 .140

No 29 2.52 .785 .146






ground and food.

Yes 51 1.86 1.077 .151

No 29 2.28 1.066 .198


services made usingresponsible or sustainable



wherever available

Yes 53 2.00 .961 .132

No 29 2.59 .907 .168





whatsoever.

Yes 53 1.94 .989 .136

No 29 2.69 .930 .173


contribute funds to


organisations.

Yes 52 2.02 .852 .118

No 28 2.54 .637 .120




services.

Yes 53 2.28 .948 .130

No 29 2.66 .670 .124


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APPENDIX E

GENERAL REFERENCE

(SECONDARY DATA TABLES)

Emissions and targets by country:


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Actions most frequently cited as the most effective actions the individual respondent could take to

help prevent global warming: responses provided to an open-ended question.

Actions most frequently cited as the most important actions the government could take to prevent

global warming: responses provided to an open-ended question.


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consumer awareness on climate change - research

Documents