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Dr. Md. Abdus Salam

Research Fellow, Texas A&M University

Professor, Department of Aquaculture

Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Bangladesh

Climate Change and Fisheries in Bangladesh: Impact and

Adaptation

Out line of the presentation

Background

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion and

Recommendation

Background

Bangladesh is a riverine country crisscrossed by 700 large and small rivers

Fish and fisheries resources play a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country

The sector contributes 63% animal protein, 5.3% to GDP and 12% of the total foreign exchange earnings

10% people including 1.3 million full time fishers are dependent on fisheries for their livelihoods

Background (cont.)

However, climate change is directly or indirectly affecting fishery production

Fish reproduction, growth and migration patterns are affected by temperature, rainfall and hydrology

It has adversely affected both fresh water and marine fisheries of Bangladesh

This presentation is about climate change and its impacts on fisheries resources of Bangladesh

Impact of CC on Fisheries and Aquaculture

Less rain fall

Background (cont.)

Low water,

increased

fishing

pressure

Fluctuating

Rain, less

fish growth

Lost aquatic

biodiversityFish don’t

breed

High Temp.,

dries up water

bodies

To know the impact on hatchery and nurseryoperation and fish farming and fisheries activities

To know the socio-economic impacts on hatchery,nursery and aquaculture operations and on the fishingcommunities due to climate change; and

To find out the adaptive measures for sustainableaquaculture production and fish harvesting from thenature

The overall objectives of this study was to assess the CC impact on fisheries and aquaculture activities and livelihood of the stakeholders

Hence the specific objectives were:

Objectives

Materials and Methods

Selection of study area

Target Groups and sampling procedure for fisheries activities

Sl. No. District Upazila Sample size FGD

01 Rajshahi Bagmara 10 3

02 Naowgaon Manda 10 3

03 Natore Gurudaspur 10 3

Target Groups and sampling procedure for fish farming activities

Sl.

No.

Types of fish

farming

Trishal

(sample size)

Bhaluka

(sample size)

Muktagacha

(sample size)

FGD

(No)

04 Fish farmers 15 15 15 3

05 Hatchery owners 5 5 5 3

06 Nursery owners 5 5 5 3

Materials and Methods (cont.)

Results and Discussion

Criteria Trishal Valuka Muktagacha

Type of fish farms

Pangus 73.33 53.33 46.66

Carps 13.33 20.00 6.66

Tilapia 6.66 13.33 13.33

Cat fishes 0.00 13.33 13.33

Thai Koi (perch) 6.66 0.00 20.00

Native fishes 0.00 0.00 0.00

Size of farms (dec.)

< 400 26.66 20.00 26.66

400 to 800 26.66 40.00 33.33

800 to 1200 40.00 33.33 33.33

> 1200 6.66 6.66 6.66

Year of established

< 5 20.00 26.66 33.33

5 to 10 53.33 33.33 33.33

10 to 15 26.66 33.33 20.00

> 15 0.00 6.66 3.33

Types of Fish farm, size and year of establishment

Results and Discussion (cont.)

High temp. hampered fish farming in Mymensingh region (%)

0102030405060

Trishal Valuka Muktagacha

Fluctuating temp. and rain hampered hatchery and nursery operation (value in %)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Problems with Hatchery Operation

Fish not ovuluate

Less no. of eggs

Unfertilized eggs

Low hatching

Low survival

Fluctuating temp. and rain hampered hatchery and nursery operation (value in %)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Problems with nursery operation

Lower growth

Deformed fry

Low survival

Crop loss

Less water avail.

Farm management cost increased due to climate change


010203040506070

<15

15-3

0

30-4

5

>45

<20

20-4

0

>40

<15

15-3

0

30-4

5

>45

Water exchanged cost increased (%)

Farm management cost increased (%)

Feeding cost increased (%)

Fish farmers Hatchery owners Nursery owners

Fish mortality in nature increased due to climate change


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

<15 15-30 30-45 >45

Mortality increased (%)

Fish farmers Hatchery owners Nursery owners


Perception of weather change by the stakeholders

05

101520253035404550

Lack of rain Late rain Increased

sunlight

intensity

Only 2

seasons

encounter

Weather not

matched

Fish farmers (%) Hatchery owner's (%) Nursery owner's (%)


Coping strategies adopted by fish farmers

010203040506070

Fish farmers (%) Hatchery owner's (%)

Nursery owner's (%)

Installed new pump Exchanged water

Put shade over ponds Used medicine

Mdke ponds dipper Can't overcome

Water availability in the beels before 10 yrs and at present (value in %)


010203040506070

B P B P B P

Bagmara Manda Gurudash pur

8 months 6 months Less than 6 months

010203040506070

B P B P

Bagmara Manda

Year long 8 months 6 months Less than 6 months


Water availability in the Rivers before 10 yrs and at present (value in %)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

B P B P B P

Bagmara Manda Gurudashpur

< 10 fishes 10-15 fishes 15- 20 fishes 20- 25 fishes

No. of fish species caught before 10yrs and at present(value in %)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Less rainfall Sifting season

Prolong drought

Fluctuating rainfall

Bagmara (%) Manda (%) Gurudashpur (%)

Factors affecting abundance of fish in natural water bodies


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Fishing intensity increased

Conversion of water bodies to other uses

Less rain fain fall

Reason behind less number of fish caught (value in %)


1977 1990 2000

Change of water courses

Shengrail river, Dumuria, Khulna


1977 1990 2000

Change of water courses

Bharda river, Batiaghata, Khulna


Biological activities affected by fluctuating weather (value in %)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Bagmara Manda Gurudash pur

Hampered eggs dev. & breeding

Water scurcity for nursing fry

Fry mortelity due to high temp

Hampered fry-juvenile migration

0

10

20

30

40

50

Broods are not ready to

breed

Fry get less time for growth

Broods are too small to

breed

Immature eggs and sperms

Bagmara Manda Gurudashpur


Late rain in previous year hampered fish production

in following season (value in %)

01020304050607080

Fry susceptible to diseases

Fry are weak

Ulcerative syndrome


Fish susceptible to disease due to climate change (value in %)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Agriculture Day labour Petty Business

Contact fish catching

Switched to other jobs in Bagmara (%)

Switched to other jobs in Manda (%)

Switched to other jobs in Gurudashpur (%)


Coping strategy to overcome the problems by fishermen

The study has identified that the fish farming,hatchery and nursery operation in all threelocations are moderately affected by climatechange

It is really a challenge for the fish farmingcommunities to cope with the changing situation

Fluctuating rain and temperature and prolongdrought are the main cause of fish decline innorthwestern region of Bangladesh

The changing environment made the fishercommunities livelihood vulnerable

Greater understanding of climate changeconsequences is needed to boost up aquacultureand fisheries production in the country

Conclusion

Recommendations

Integrate aquaculture with agriculture for food security and high value food

Create sanctuaries to protect the indigenous fish biodiversity and safe guard the fishing communities

Increase income through alternative livelihoods like backyard vegetable gardening and nurseries

Small scale aquaponics could be another means of alternative livelihoods for the poor communities

Govt., NGOs, national and international donor agencies should come forward to help the fish farming and fisheries stakeholders as they are not any way responsible for climate change

Contant information

Dr. Md. Abdus Salam Research Fellow, Texas A&M

UniversityProfessor, Department of

AquacultureBangladesh Agricultural

University, Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

979 703 [email protected]

Professor Jianbang Gan Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Texas A&M, Texas, TX 77843, USA

979 862 4392

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