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City Planning and Management
Division
General Plan Action Plans
City Planning and
Management Division
Mission to “advance the practice of city planning
and management in the large-city setting."
a focus upon planning agency management,
an orientation toward big cities, and
an emphasis upon the practical over the theoretical.
City Planning and Management
Division
General Plan Action Plans
Our plan for today
• Exploring “Can you measure Good
Planning”?
• Looking at options for putting action
in plans.
• Tracking progress of your plan and
telling the story.
General Plan Action Plans
Typical Input Performance Targets
• Miles of trails
• Books in libraries
• Number of sworn public safety employees
• Acre feet of water supply
• Acres parkland
Setting Achievable Service Targets
Don’t go looking for the perfect
performance measure. It doesn’t
exist. So, start with a good measure
or two. Identify their flaws.
Be alert for them. Can you live
with them? Make some adjustments?
Still, you’ll never eliminate all of the flaws.
Get over it.
Bob Behn, Kennedy School of Government
General Plan Action Plans
Panelists:
Joseph Horwedel
City of San Jose
Nancy Bragado
City of San Diego
Charles Graves III
City of Cincinnati
City Planning and Management
Division
General Plan Action Plans
General Plan
Action Plans
Joseph Horwedel
City of San Jose
Do you know the way to San
Jose?
A Growing,
Changing City
A City of Growth and Change
Next 20 Years…
Growth Shifts to Seniors, Young Adults
9
How to Plan for Growth?
Task Force Land Use / Transportation Guidelines:
• Plan for People not just cars
• Meet the needs of business that
drive innovation
• Reduce vehicle miles traveled and
green house gasses
• Provide adequate land for new job
and housing growth
• Create walkable and bike friendly
“neighborhood villages”
• Create complete and vibrant
regional “hubs”
470,000
New job capacity
12
Growth Distribution
San José 2020 (No Project)
255,550 Jobs / 82,110 Units
Scenario 1-C (Low Growth)
346,550 Jobs / 88,650 Units
Scenario 2-E (Medium Growth)
360,550 Jobs / 135,650 Units
Scenario 3-K (ABAG / High Housing)
339,530 Jobs / 158,965 Units
Scenario 4-J (High Jobs)
526,050 Jobs / 88,650 Units
Growth Study Scenarios
Scenario 5-H (Medium-High Growth)
431,550 Jobs / 135,650 Units
Green, Healthy
Lifestyle
Looking at Access to Fresh Foods
Looking at Access to Fresh Foods
Thinking about new parks
Information provided
to City from 3rd party
mashing up our data
with other data.
Extending this to CIP
discussions matching
up where we are
growing.
1/3rd mile walking distance to park
Measuring
accessibility of
amenities to
neighborhoods
-40% VMT
Thinking about transportation choices
Walkscore.com - San Jose
Great tool to visualize
private walking
infrastructure.
Extending this to CIP
discussions matching
up where we are
growing.
Useful to think about
what are the missing
private pieces
Thinking about transportation choices
What is a good measure of
planning?
What should we measure to show success?
Should we measure / report what we do not
control?
How do we measure long term benefits?
What level should we measure planning?
- Neighborhood, City, County?
Cautions for measurement
Be aware of distortions in your progress
• Targets can encourage perverse behaviors
• “Teaching to the Test”
What get measured gets done
Peter Drucker
Using outputs to measure the performance of
an plan can drive the organization
to maximize the outputs while ignoring the outcomes.
Measuring complete neighborhoods.
Envision 2040 Plan adding measures for access to:
• Parks, trails, and open space
• Neighborhood retail, fresh foods
• Library and community center
• Faith community and non profits
• Quality schools
• Public transit
• Jobs
My neighborhood walkability
Just down the street ... a 91 score
What it looks like to the public
What that 91 score looks like...
Action plans start
with measurable
actions
San José Green Vision
Economic Growth
Environmental Stewardship
Enhanced Quality of Life
Green Vision Progress Report
Green Vision Goal 2011 Status 2022 Target
Clean Tech Jobs 7,000 25,000
Per Capita Energy Use Reduction (%) 9.2 50
Electricity from Renewable Energy (%) 17 100
Green Buildings (million square feet) 5.4 50
Trash Diverted from Landfills (%) 71 100
Average Daily Use of Recycled Water (Million Gallons Per Day)
8.1 40
Alternate Fuel Vehicles in Public Fleet (%) 40 100
Net New Trees 6,617 100,000
Smart Streetlights 297 62,000
Interconnected Trails (miles) 53.7 100
Yearly Status Reports
Goal 7: Adopt Measurable General Plan
Goal 7: Adopt Measurable General Plan
Goal 7: Adopt Measurable General Plan
Linking Strategy and Next Steps to Goals
Key Accomplishments
• 3,274 solar PV systems installed ~ 44.4 MW
• 5.4 million sq. ft. of certified Green Buildings including 1.4 million municipal sq. ft.
• 71% overall diversion, 77% multi-family, 84% City Facilities
• Advanced Water Treatment Facility construction underway
Seven Trees Community Center
Key Accomplishments
• General Plan Update adopted by Council
• 40% of City fleet on alternative fuel; GHG emissions reduced by 32%
• Awarded contract for 2,100 LED streetlights and CPUC approved PG&E tariff pilot for dimmable streetlights
Key Accomplishments
• 60% of street tree inventory completed
• OCF Community Tree Nursery
• $5.4 million in grants for bike and pedestrian improvements
• 5.7% increase in Trail Count survey; 20% above national average
2012 Work Plan Priorities
Leading by Example
• Village Plans and
Zoning Ordinances
• Electric vehicle
charging stations
• “Smart” LED
streetlights
• Trails and on-street
bike network
So what did we learn?
Assessing your progress
Make sure you have measurable goals in your plans.
Include goals that you want to achieve. Don’t waste
your time on feel good goals.
Engage the whole organization in achieving the goals,
especially your elected officials and your boss.
Connect the goals to what the agency delivers, or get
ready to spend time turning the ship.
Communicate the Progress!!
Talk with your community
about the results, good or
bad.
Publish quarterly and
annual reports that are
interesting.
Make sure your elected
officials know.
Reassessing Your Progress
Check in during regular time frame.
Are your efforts achieving the
desired outcome?
What is the next phase of the plan?
Most importantly
Find the
opportunities to
celebrate the
successes and
make sure to
share the glory!
Online Resources
Presentation on General Plan Action Plans
is available online at:
http://www.slideshare.net/johorwedel/apa-2012-general-plan-action-plans
Putting the Action into General Plans:
Cincinnati’s Comprehensive Plan
APA Annual Conference
April 15, 2012
2
Cincinnati’s Planning History
• In 1925, Cincinnati was the first city in the United
States to have a comprehensive plan approved by City
Council
• Only two Plans since – 1948 and in 1980
3
The Planning Process
• Involve our residents, businesses and stakeholders in an open dialogue
• Develop a vision, goals, and concrete short, medium, and long-range strategies
• Set out a plan of action to implement the plan, define our partners
• Review and measure our progress on a regular basis
4
Progress to Date
• 20+ meetings of Steering Committee
• Initial visits to all Community Councils
• 4 public kickoff meetings
• 2 Neighborhood Summits (2010 and
2011) fully dedicated to development
of Plan Cincinnati
• 24 Working Group meetings to
develop goals and action steps
• Two public Open Houses
• Youth Activity - “Planting the Future”
5
The Plan Cincinnati Vision
Thriving Re-Urbanization
• The vision for the future of Cincinnati is
focused on an unapologetic drive to create
and sustain a thriving inclusive urban
community, where engaged people and
memorable places are paramount, where
creativity and innovation thrive, and where
local pride and confidence is contagious.
6
Five Initiative Areas
Compete: Be the pivotal economic force of the region
Live: Strengthen our magnetic City with energized people
Connect: Bring people and places together
Sustain: Steward resources and ensure long-term viability
Collaborate: Partner to reach our common goals
7
The Guiding Geographic
Principles
8
The Guiding Geographic Principles
• Focus revitalization on existing centers of activity.
• Link centers with effective transportation for
maximum accessibility.
• Create new centers of activity where appropriate.
• Maximize industrial reinvestment in existing
industrial areas.
9
10
Focus revitalization on existing
centers of activity.
• Centers of activity are more than just commercial
areas – civic infrastructure as well.
• Invest in our existing infrastructure.
• Put additional resources into existing centers of
activity.
• Leveraging existing assets to create quality urban
places
11
12
Link centers with transportation for
maximum accessibility
• 22% of our housing units have no vehicle available –
no choice but to walk, bike, ride transit.
• Allow people to access centers on foot, by bike, or
on public transportation.
13
Create new centers of activity
where appropriate.
• Do this sparingly – where there is a residential
population with needs that are not met.
• Consider the locations where centers of activity are
few or scattered.
• Do not put resources into creating centers of
activity in places that are already served.
14
Determining new centers of activity
• Define any residential populations that are not being
adequately served by existing centers.
• Identify areas where some services are clustered
and determine if that is an area that could be
expanded. Consider access to transportation.
• Currently, there are large under-served areas on
the west side of the City.
15
Industrial reinvestment in existing
industrial areas.
• Focus on the Mill Creek.
• In order for our economic base to grow, industrial
uses are needed.
• We need to designate where future industrial uses
belong.
• Not all industrial development needs to be heavy
industry (can be clean technology).
16
17
Partnerships
• Some things in the Plan are pivotal to the City but
we can’t do it alone – need partners
• Each Action Step will list partners necessary for
implementation
- City may not always be the lead agency but will
always have a role
18
Next Steps for Plan Cincinnati
• Draft plan currently available at
www.plancincinnati.org
• April 20, 2012 – accepting public
feedback on draft plan
• Summer, 2012– City Planning
Commission review
• Fall, 2012 – City Council review
19
Implementation
• Action Steps divided into
Short, Mid, Long range
steps.
• Review annually in
conjunction with the
Budget. - Newly restructured Priority-
Based Budgeting Process.
20
Implementation
• Revisit Plan annually and update every 5 years to
assess progress and adjust strategies if necessary.
• Planning consistency policy to ensure that the Plan
is implemented uniformly regardless of change in
leadership or administrative staff.
• Immediate implementation of Planning’s primary
responsibility – the Land Development Code.
21 City of Cincinnati Community
Challenge Grant Award
• Cincinnati awarded $2.4 million (over 3 years) for
development of Land Development Code (LDC)
• $68 million total awarded by HUD and DOT
through the Office of Sustainable Communities
• Cincinnati received the 4th Largest award overall
22
LDC Objectives
• Meet Livability Principles and Plan Cincinnati goals
• Expand tool box:
- Consolidate existing zoning and subdivision regulations and building
and environmental codes
- Create new community oriented regulations that allow for
development that promotes social, economic, and environmental
benefits
- Streamline processes and procedures for review and approval of
development and improvement projects – without excluding the public
review process
23
Project Tools
• Consolidate Development Regulations
• Form-Based Codes
• Inclusionary Zoning
• Incentive Zoning
• Transit-Oriented Development
• Complete Streets
• Transfer of Development Rights
• CPTED
• Site Plan review/Streamlined permitting process
24
Next Steps
• Existing Zoning Code diagnostic review
• Assess existing regulations and plan policies
• Strategic Framework for LDC
• White Papers for New Tools
• Stakeholder Interviews and workshops
• Form Based Code Charrette (April 28 – May 2)
25
PLANBUILDLIVE
APA National Planning Conference April 15, 2012
Session S466
Nancy Bragado, City of San Diego
Discuss the role of the Action Plan and Monitoring Report in furthering General Plan implementation
Review the format and content of the City of San Diego’s Monitoring Report
Present case studies of implementation programs
Lessons learned/conclusions
8th largest city in U.S. - Population of 1.37 million
U.S./Mexico Border
342 square miles – 50 community planning areas
39,737 acres of parks and open spaces
Built on a canyon system
.
General Pan - 2008
City of Villages strategy
Relies on infill development to meet City’s needs
Includes Guiding Principles and 10 elements
Sustainability policies integrated throughout plan
Action Plan – 2009
GP Implementation Plan
Identifies actions for every General Plan policy
Organized by GP Element and timeframe
Includes 8 key implementation priorities
Assesses overall results
Tracks progress
Informs the public and city council
Sparks communication among departments
Increases institutional knowledge
Maintains relevance of General Plan
First prepared in 2010
Section 1: Overview
Section 2: Key Implementation Actions
Section 3: Action Plan Progress Matrix
Section 4: Planning Grants
Section 5: Flood Maps Update
Section 6: Housing Element Annual Report
Provides an overview of the contents of the Monitoring Report.
Substantial progress made through a wide variety of actions and programs throughout City departments.
Short term actions: 25 underway and 22 completed
Mid-term actions: 9 underway and 1 completed.
Long-term actions: 3 underway and 1 completed.
Ongoing work programs: 235 actions.
Reports on State monitoring requirements and new legislation affecting the General Plan
Reports progress on the Key Implementation Actions identified in the Action Plan.
Community Plan Updates Major initiative: ten updates are underway
Climate Initiatives Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Plan
Updates to the City’s Sustainable Building Council Policies
Water Conservation & Supply Efforts Regulations including drought and water submeter
ordinances
Rebates programs, public outreach
Long range planning including the Urban Water Management Plan
Land Development Code Amendments
Part of community plan update implementation program
Specific amendments such as affordable housing parking and urban agriculture
Public Facilities Financing Strategy
Work program impacted by budget cuts
Economic Development Strategic Plan Provide information to potential investors
Help prioritize and coordinate efforts of city departments
Parks Master Plan
Work program impacted by budget cuts
Work proceeding where possible through plan updates and grant projects
Historic Preservation Incentives
Work program impacted by budget cuts
Historic preservation fund established
Relationship to community plan updates
Format:
Links each policy to an implementation measure
Identifies departments responsible for implementation
Categories correlate to General Plan elements
Organized by timeframe
• 0-3 years Short Term
• 3-5 years Mid-Term
•5-10 years Long Term
•Existing work program or standard practice On Going
No.
Number of the Action within the Table
Description of the Action
General Plan Policy Number
Department(s) to carry out action
Implementation Status
Climate Mitigation & Adaptation Plan
Companion document to General Plan
Implements multiple General Plan policies
Includes GHG inventory, identifies measures to reach targets, establishes thresholds, commits to monitoring.
Identifies adaptation actions to address potential sea level rise, wildfire, public health, and water supply impacts.
Environmental document will be prepared to allow for subsequent CEQA streamlining
General Plan amendment to strengthen policy base
Implementation through code amendments
New uses: Retail Farms and Farmers Markets
Easing of regulations for the keeping of chickens, goats, and bees
Code amendment to facilitate community gardens
Informational brochures
Case
Study #2
Multi-year CIP budget shall be primarily based upon the adopted General Plan, community plans, and growth strategies.
Capital Improvements Program Review and Advisory Committee (CIPRAC):
Responsible for Capital Improvements Program (CIP) budget development
Identification and prioritization of capital improvement projects.
Relies on planning staff review of all CIP projects for conformance with General and Community Plans
Provide Indicator Measures
Update Sustainable Communities Indicators
Follow-through on economic indicators
Investigate tiering off of Regional Comprehensive Plan Monitoring
Link to climate plan monitoring
Consider new measures as needed
Prime industrial lands tracking?
Other factors of interest to community
Action Plans guide implementation of general plans
Monitoring benefits
Helps maintain relevance of General Plan
Creates accountability
Informs budget process
Fosters institutional and public knowledge
Challenges
Time consuming to prepare
Lack of resources for data collection and analysis
General Plan Home Page: www.sandiego.gov/planning/genplan
Nancy Bragado
Principal Planner
City of San Diego
[email protected] (619) 533-4549