apa 2012: emerging markets s443 urban planning in...
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APA 2012: EMERGING MARKETS S443 URBAN PLANNING IN THE MIDDLE EAST
AND NORTH AFRICA
“Toto, I’ve got a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore…”
Geoff Batzel, Director Planning and Urban Development
KEO International Consultants, Abu Dhabi UAE
Moderator:
Cynthia Bowen, Director of Planning and Urban Design
RW Armstrong, Indianapolis IN
Contributors:
Christine Carlyle, Principal & Director of Planning
Solomon Cordwell Buenz, Chicago IL
George Kisiel, Principal
Okrent Associates, Chicago IL
OBJECTIVES
Learning objective 1:
Provide insight into the opportunities and challenges of working across the Middle East & North Africa.
Learning objective 2:
Discuss importance and limitations of cross-cultural dialogue: between planners and host nation nationals, and between planners from different planning traditions.
Good Afternoon
George Kisiel AIA, AICP
Okrent Associates, Inc
Planning in the Middle East / North Africa Region
MENA Region
MENA Region
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
Tribal History
United Arab Emirates
Tribal History
United Arab Emirates
Oil Fields
United Arab Emirates
Tribal Migration
Abu Dhabi
City
Abu Dhabi City
Abu Dhabi C.1967: Population ±50,000
Abu Dhabi C.1972—75: Population ± 130,000
Abu Dhabi C.1975
Abu Dhabi C.1978: Population ± 230,000
Abu Dhabi
City
Abu Dhabi Today
94% UAE’s Oil Reserves
2.9 million population
88.5% expatriate
16.4 M per capita net worth
Richest City in the World
Abu Dhabi City: CBD Skyline
Abu Dhabi City
Mohammed
bin Zayed
City
Emerald
Gateway
Khalifa
City A
Capital City Shamkha
Abu Dhabi City: 2005
1999—2001 building moratorium
Extreme housing shortage
New Property Law
Government initiatives
to provide housing
Mohammed bin Zayed City
Abu Dhabi Municipality
1.9 billion USD investment
Housing for 85,000
Primarily Expat population
Mohammed bin Zayed City
Z29
ME9
Z6
ME8 Z9
Gifted land program
150’ x 150’ plots
350 towers
5 sectors
Mohammed bin Zayed City: 150’ X 150’ PLOTS
Mohammed bin Zayed City: Underground parking
Mohammed bin Zayed City: Detailed prototypes
Mohammed bin Zayed City: Sector Z29
Abu Dhabi: Mohammed bin Zayed City
Abu Dhabi: Mohammed bin Zayed City
Abu Dhabi: Mohammed bin Zayed City
RECENT
WORK IN
THE GULF
REGION
Capital District City Centre Master
Plan, Design Guidelines and
Development Regulations
Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE
Prince Abdulaziz bin Mousaed
Economic City (PABMEC)
Ha’il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Al Ain International Airport and
Aerospace Cluster Master Plan
Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE
Capital District City Centre Local
Government Overlay District
Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE
Capital District City Centre North
Spine District and Gateway
Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE
Airport City Master Plan, Abu
Dhabi International Airport
Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE
Doha Airport City Competition
State of Qatar
Al Ain Sanaiya District Master
Plan Competition
Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE
Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Abu Dhabi, UAE
Doha, Qatar
Abu Dhabi Capital
District City Centre
Master Plan Abu Dhabi, UAE
1,000 Hectares
Mixed use downtown
1.6 mil sm2 Office
700,000 sm2 government
office
200,00 0 Population
60,000 units Residential
750,000 sm2 hotel
450,000 sm2 retail
Sustainable Approach
Abu Dhabi Capital
District City Centre
Master Plan Abu Dhabi, UAE
10km2 total city plan
Detailed Development and
parcelization of the high
density CBD of the Capital
District including
guidelines and plot
specifications.
Abu Dhabi Capital
District City Centre
Master Plan Abu Dhabi, UAE
business and symbolic
heart of the nation and the
region
Abu Dhabi Capital
District City Centre
Master Plan Abu Dhabi, UAE
special district detailed
urban design
gateway districts
Abu Dhabi Capital
District City Centre
Master Plan Abu Dhabi, UAE
public realm and open
space guidelines and
design palette
inviting landscapes with
balanced irrigation
strategies
Abu Dhabi Capital
District City Centre
Master Plan Abu Dhabi, UAE
building prototypes
transect approach from
highest to lowest density
form based urban design
and development
guidelines
Prince Abdulaziz
bin Mousaed
Economic City Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
The Landscape Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Dry port
Prince Abdulaziz
bin Mousaed
Economic City Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
158 km2 total city plan
26 km2 first phase
12,500,000 m2
26,500 housing units
90,000 population
comprehensive ecological
city plan
land use and transport
planning respective of the
landscape
green infrastructure
strategies throughout
Universities Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
The Context Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Infrastructure Development Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Prince Abdulaziz
bin Mousaed
Economic City Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Prince Abdulaziz
bin Mousaed
Economic City Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Prince Abdulaziz
bin Mousaed
Economic City Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Phase 1 – 28 km2
Airport
Industrial
Urban Center
Residential
Prince Abdulaziz
bin Mousaed
Economic City Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
contemporary
Saudi Arabian city
respectful of regional
patterns of life
multiple neighborhood
centres
Prince Abdulaziz
bin Mousaed
Economic City Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
mixed-use central
business center
civic center
transport oriented
development
Prince Abdulaziz
bin Mousaed
Economic City Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
neighborhood urban
design
community facility
planning
open space and
pedestrian networks
evocative of urban
patterns of traditional
Arabian cities
Why Consult in the Middle East ?
Example of Abu Dhabi,
United Arab Emirates
Project Size & Complexity
BiG
BiGGeR
BiGGesT
But not always best…
Project Size & Complexity
Project Size & Complexity
Capital City District
Abu Dhabi, UAE
• 17 square miles
• “2nd City Centre” for Abu Dhabi
• Residential pop: ~375,000
• Daytime pop: ~800,000
• 18 month planning effort
Extremely detailed physical planning for master plan
Politically driven feasibility
No project level costing during planning
Project Size & Complexity
Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Mousaed Economic City, Ha’il Saudi Arabia
• 60 square miles
• New industrial/logistics city for north
• Pop: ~350,000-400,000
Part of national economic diversification strategy
Politically driven mandate
Economically driven planning
Project Size & Complexity
Shamkha National Housing
Abu Dhabi, UAE
• 5 square miles
• Suburban mixed-use community
• Residential pop: ~50,000
• 12 month planning effort
Part of national housing strategy
Extremely detailed physical planning for master plan
Delayed due for political reasons
Project Size & Complexity
South of Shamkha
Abu Dhabi, UAE
• 15 square miles
• Suburban mixed-use community
• Residential pop: ~150,000
• Extended planning/replanning efforts
Part of national housing strategy
Forced redesigns due to advent of 2030 regional growth plan
Under construction
Modernization and Change
Old School
The Rise of Planning in Abu Dhabi
Modernization and Change
Old School New School
The Rise of Planning in Abu Dhabi
Modernization and Change
Visions and Idealism
Modernization and Change
Advancing on All Fronts
Modernization and Change
Advancing on All Fronts
Modernization and Change
Advancing on All Fronts
Modernization and Change
Advancing on All Fronts
Modernization and Change
Hitting the Wall: The Power of the Push Back
Modernization and Change
Advancing on All Fronts
Modernization and Change
Finding the Balance
The Flip Side of Consulting in the Middle East
How to Do Business
New Contract Type: FIXED FEE – VARIABLE SCOPE
Labor Practices
“ As soon as this job stops being fun, I’m quitting !”
A Matter of Time
Patience is a virtue…
…often in short supply
RW Armstrong & Associates, Inc.
Libya Operations
Cynthia Bowen, AICP
Associate // Director of Planning & Urban Design
Planning in Libya
1ST Day in Libya
Planning in Libya
Government Structure
• Pre-1969 Kingdom of Libya
– Occupied by Greeks, Roman, Ottoman and
then Italians
– United Nations established Libya as its own
country in 1951
– Ruled by a King
– Heavy influence on architecture
• Dictator from 1969 to 2011 (Muammar Gaddafi)
• Ministries
– Housing and Infrastructure Board –master
planning, urban planning, water and sewer
projects
– Transportation Planning Board – roads and
airports projects
– Tourism – bring people into country and
protect some of Libya’s natural heritage
Planning in Libya
The Second Planning
Generation included a
National Physical Perspective
Plan, four regional plans, 13
sub‐regional plans,
comprehensive and master
plans of 220 cities
and towns.
Khalij
Region
Tripoli
Region
Benghazi
Region
Planning region Area in Km²
Tripoli 224,990
Benghazi 135,270
Khalij 730,960
Fezzan 684,240
Total 1,775,460
National Planning
Fezzan
Region
Planning Approach in Libya
Planning in Libya
Redevelopment Projects: 2007-2011
Planning in Libya
Sabratha Regional Plan
Planning in Libya
Private Development: Energy City, Libya
Planning in Libya
Private Development: Energy City, Libya
Planning in Libya
The Civil War
• Tunsia uprising to the west and Egypt uprising in
the east
• The Arab Spring transformed the country - February
2011 the uprising in Benghazi started
• We evacuated 20 people over the week of February
21st
• All assets were frozen and personal effects were
left behind and stored in our main office in Libya
• Seven employee were active to keep us informed
• We have to apply for license for each asset (all
project)
– All 100% capture of our assets
– 1st license June 2011
– By October of 2011 we were
given all approval to start
negotiating
Planning in Libya
Recovering and Restarting
Planning in Libya
Doing Business in Libya
US Laws Applicable to US Businesses
– 2004 embargo lifted
• Things move very slow
• Language Barriers
• Cultural Barriers
• Meetings Are Different
– No written or verbal
commitments
– “Inshal Allah” هللا شاء إن
• In Country Handler
– Sponsor
– Entrance & Exit
– Interpret things
– Grease the wheel
Planning in Libya
Doing Business in Libya
Planning in Libya
Thank You!
Cynthia Bowen, AICP
RW Armstrong & Associates
Associate //
Director of Planning & Urban
Design
Themes
•Modernization of planning practice
•Adaptation of practice to fit local reality
•The allure of the large project
•How to do business: contracts, legal, & labor markets
• Focus on “hard” physical planning over “soft” social planning
•Often tenuous connection between planning & feasibility
•How political “events” can quickly & dramatically intrude
Discussion & Questions