chelsea technologies group (ctg) - presentation by dr john attridge & richard burt at effluent...

UviLux Workshop, July 2012

Chelsea Technologies Group

IntroductionJustin Dunning, Sales Manager



Today’s agenda

• Welcome & introduction

- Justin Dunning

• Overview of Chelsea Technologies Group

- Richard Burt/Dr John Attridge

• Aquatic organic matter fluorescence – from phenomenon to

applications

- Dr Darren Reynolds

• New in situ UV fluorometers for water quality monitoring

- Dr John Attridge

• Q&A session

• Practical demonstration

• Lunch & networking



Chelsea Technologies GroupRichard Burt, Marketing Director




Application of

sensor

technology

Process control &

monitoring

Medical

diagnostics

Algal biofuel

production

Fresh water &

coastal

monitoring

Offshore pipeline leak detection

Hydrocarbon pollution monitoring

NAD

Tactical

Oceanography

Acoustic Target

Simulation

Oceanographic

research

Sensors &

systems

Acoustic

transducers

Fisheries

Exhaust gas

monitoring

Ballast water

monitoring

FerryBox

Security

Water

Quality/Treatment

Bio/chem Security

Storage Tank

Security

Environmental


Marine

• Oceanography

- Deep ocean research

- Climate change monitoring

- Biodiversity

- Long term monitoring systems

• Products

- Sensors & systems

- Towed vehicles

- Acoustic transducers


Marine – towed vehicle systems


Marine – acoustic products


Defence – submarine systems


Defence – ship systems


Defence – acoustic systems


CPNI – water protection

• Contamination detection

- Bioterrorism

- Agricultural run-off

- Industrial

- Hydrocarbon

- Sewage / waste water

• Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry

- FastGuard


Environmental• Fresh water monitoring

- Ecological assessment

- Algal bloom detection

- Acoustic impact studies

• Coastal monitoring

- Corals/seagrasses

- Waste water outflow

- Fisheries

• Offshore pipeline leak detection

• Hydrocarbon pollution monitoring

- Legislation following BP Macondo incident


Maritime - FerryBox


Maritime - exhaust gas scrubbing monitors

• Onboard systems allow use of existing low sulphur fuels

• Avoid expensive fuels and engine modifications

• Hamworthy Krystallon- New build Messina vessels

- Retrofit APL vessels

- New Solvang vessels

• PAH, Turbidity & pH sensor suite


Maritime - ballast water monitoring

• Prevent the transport of invasive species

• IMO Ballast Water Convention 2004

• All new builds from 2012

• Vessels built before 2012 must be fitted by 2017

• Estimated 62,000 MWTS required


New fluorometers for the Water Industry

• UniLux/TriLux- Miniature single & multiwavelength fluorometers

- Pigment and dye tracing

- Algal group studies & bloom detection

• Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry (FRRf)- Active fluorescence

- Contamination detection

- Ecological monitoring

• UviLux- New range of low cost UV fluorometers

- PAH, CDOM, Optical Brighteners & Tryptophan


Technology driving innovation

AquaTracka– xenon flash based

– titanium housing

– full ocean depth

FRRf– photosynthesis

UniLux & TriLux– miniature fluorometers

– low cost

– LED based

UviLux– UV LED based

– low cost

Miniaturization & new applications


• Referenced LED excitation- High sensitivity & stability

• Single window geometry- Suitable for wipers

• High quality optical filtration- Low background

- Low turbidity breakthrough

• Microprocessor control- Digital output in calibrated engineering units

- User control of instrument parameters

• Parameters- Chlorophyll-a, phycobiliproteins, fluorescein, rhodamine-wt &

turbidity

UniLux single wavelength fluorometers


TriLux multiwavelength fluorometers• 3-channel multi-wavelength fluorometer

- Same form factor as UniLux

- 3 excitation wavelengths

- Common detection at 685nm

• Application

- Contribution to chlorophyll fluorescence from light

harvesting pigments

- Algal class studies

- Bloom detection

• 3 configurations available

- Chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, turbidity (freshwater)

- Chlorophyll-a, phycoerytherin, phycocyanin (coastal)

- Chlorophyll-a, phycoerythrin, turbidity (seawater)


Algal fluorescence induction spectra

Chaetoceros gracilisMarine diatom (Chlorophyll c)

Wavelength (nm)

Dashed line = 685 nm

Heavy line = 730 nm

Light line = O2 evolution

Wavelength (nm)

Porphyridium cruentumMarine, unicellular red algae

Wavelength (nm)

Ulva sp. (Sea lettuce)Green algae (Chlorophyll b)

Wavelength (nm)

Chroomonas sp. (Cryptophyte)Marine cyanobacterium – more chlorophyll than most cyanobacteria

+ phycocyanin only


• Development from conventional chlorophyll fluorimetry

• Specific tool to study phytoplankton physiology

• Used for open ocean research

- Photosynthesis efficiency, biomass, primary photosynthesis/productivity

- Carbon dioxide fixation, climate modelling

- Bloom detection

• Applications:

- Homeland security

- Industrial contamination detection

- Environmental monitoring

- Bioreactor process monitoring

Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry (FRRf)


FRRF applied to water toxicity monitoring

• Toxins disrupt algal physiology and photosynthetic pathways

• Use natural algal population as transducer- Provides more specific information than conventional fluorimetry

- Broad spectrum detection capability

• Time dependent measurement- Dimensionless parameters

- Less susceptible to natural variations

- Multi-parameter sensor

• Potential applications- Water intake protection

- Bloom detection

- Ecological monitoring


Control

Potassium cyanide

Control

Atrazine

Examples of response to contaminants

0.3µM

3µM

0.2mM

2mM


Flexible configuration

FRRf SensorsFastGuard

FastOcean Profiling

System


Extending applications for FRRf

Algal biofuel production Corals

Bioreactor process control Sea grasses

Bloom detection

Ecological monitoring


New in situ UV fluorometers for water quality monitoringDr John Attridge, Technical Director



UviLux• Background

• Overview of he new UviLux fluorometer

• Performance evaluation

• Examples of field applications

• Short video of field operation

• Summary


Excitation Emission Matrices (EEMs)

• Distinct peaks relate to different fluorescent compounds in water

• ‘T1’ peak correlates with Tryptophan fluorescence

- shown to be a good indicator of water quality

Excitation Wavelength (nm)

Emission Wavelength (nm)

Humic

PAH

Humic

T1

Optical

Brighteners


UviLux – currently 4 configurations

600m

0.005 – 200µg/L

0.005µg/L

(stilbene derivatives)

450nm

350nm

Optical Brighteners

600m

0.002 – 15µg/L

0.002µg/L

(perylene)

450nm

255nm

CDOM

600m600mDepth Rating

0.02 – 800µg/L0.005 – 200µg/LRange

0.02µg/L

(Tryptophan)

0.005µg/L

(carbazole)

Sensitivity

360nm360nmEmission

280nm255nmExcitation

TryptophanPAH


What is Tryptophan?

• An essential amino acid in human diet

• Main component of protein fluorescence

• Associated with microbial activity

- Sewage & faecal contamination of waste waters, e.g.

agricultural runoff

• Fluorescence correlates with BOD measurements


Just some of the publications….

• Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems: a review

- R.K. Henderson et al, Water Research, 43, 863-881, 2009

• Can fluorescence spectroscopy be used as a surrogate for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test in water quality assessment? An example from South West England

- N. Hudson et al, Science of the Total Environment, 391, 149-158, 2008

• Use of synchronous fluorescence spectra to estimate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of urban rivers affected by sewage treatment

- J Hur & D.S. Kong, Environmental Technology, 29(4), 435-444, 2008

• Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter in natural, waste and polluted waters – a review

- N Hudson et al, River Research and Applications, 23, 631-649, 2007

• Rapid and direct determination of tryptophan in water using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy

- D.M. Reynolds, Water Research, 37, 3055-3060, 2003

• The differentiation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable dissolved organic matter in wastewaters using fluorescence spectroscopy

- D.M. Reynolds, J Chem Technol Biotechnol 77, 965-972, 2002


Fluorescence correlation to BOD

• Strong relationship between fluorescence and BOD5 demonstrated

• Applications:

- Surrogate for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) measurement

- Effluent contamination monitoring

- Combined Sewage Overflow (CSO) and Fish Kill investigations

- General pollution event investigations

- Foul & surface sewer misconnection detection

- Water catchment surveys

‘Should consider fluorescence spectroscopy as a more

accurate, independent and flexible indicator of bioavailability

than BOD5’Science of the Total Environment 391 (2008) 149 – 158


Tryptophan UviLux• Currently the only commercial in situ Tryptophan fluorometer available

• Why measure fluorescence?

- Sensitivity - typically x1000 absorbance techniques

- Specificity – not everything fluoresces

• Why measure in situ?

- Spot sampling

- Avoids sample transport for laboratory testing

- Over sampling improves data quality

- High spatial and temporal resolution

• Features

- Robust stable performance

- Combines high sensitivity with wide dynamic range

- Digital & analogue outputs

- Wireless connectivity for field use

- Inline options available


UWE performance evaluation

Laboratory Spectrofluorometer

Uvi

Lu

x

Loss of spectrometer response

UviLux saturating


Dynamic range – user selectable

Typical LOD = 0.02µg/L


Correlation with BOD5

Initial study reproduces published correlation


Field testing

Gower, South Wales

April 2012


Outflow from small water treatment plant

35

34 34

85

113

93

324

45


Data summary


Water catchment survey

34.8

35.3

35.6

35.836.3

34.433.933.6

33.3

32.3

27.9


Test summary


Potential background interference from CDOM

Deionised Water Tap Water Pond Water


CDOM correction

• CDOM response appears insensitive to [Tryptophan]

- Can extract [Tryptophan] using CDOM correction

• Less of an issue if monitoring continuously

Tryptophan dose response in pond water


‘RAG’ alarm trigger algorithm

• Developed for biosecurity applications


Event detection

12 minute

contamination event

Pump

failure

• Robust event detection algorithm developed- detect change against highly variable background

- minimise false positives

• Application software can take input from multiple sensors


Seawater tests


Accessories


Inline installation

Next


Summary

• UviLux betters published laboratory

fluorometer performance

• UviLux reproduces published findings

- correlation with BOD5 demonstrated

• In situ capability provides significant

advantages

- oversampling in highly variable background

- detect change over background

- respond to rapid events

• CDOM background correction is feasible


Thank Youwww.chelsea.co.uk

The Tryptophan UviLux has been validated and is available for purchase