BUILDING SCIENCE 2 (BLD61303 / ARC3413)

PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECTCOMMUNITY LIBRARY

NAME: TEO CHEN YI

STUDENT ID: 0320618

TUTOR: MR. SIVA

1.0 PAINTING AREA

The painting area is located at the first floor right beside the glazing façade which is exposed to the area that has a full coverage of sunlight during daytime. The space is designed to allow passer-by at the walkway or the street to have a vision of the happenings on the first floor to attract visitors.

Figure 1.1: First Floor Plan showing painting area

Daylight factor calculation

Daylight Factor Analysis

DF= EiEo×100%

Ei = Indoor illuminance due at a point on indoor working plane due to daylight

Eo = Unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average say light level in Malaysia (EH) is assumed to be 32000 lux.

Floor Area( m2) 96.6Area of façade exposed to sunlight ( m2) 14 × 4 = 56Area of skylight 0Exposed façade and skylight area to floor area ratio / Daylight Factor, DF

5696.6= 0.61= 61% × 0.1= 6.1%

According to MS1525, daylight factor distribution is as below:

Zone Daylight Factor/% DistributionVery bright >6 Very bright with thermal and glare problems.Bright 3-6 GoodAverage 1-3 FairDark 0-1 Poor

According to MS1525, intensity of the luminance as below:

Luminance level/lux) Luminance example120000 Brightest sunlight110000 Bright sunlight20000 Shade illuminated by clear blue sky; midday1000-2000 Typical overcast day; midday400 Sunrise/sunset on a clear day (ambient)< 200 Extreme or darkest storm clouds; midday40 Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise< 1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

Natural illumination calculation

External illumination = 20 000 lux

DF= EiEo×100%6.1= Ei

Eo×100%

Ei=6.1 (20000 )100

= 1220 lux

Conclusion

The Painting area has a daylight factor of 6.1% and natural illumination of 1220 lux. According to the requirement of MS1525, the space is very bright that causes thermal and glare problems.

Therefore, the façade exposed is designed using low-e glass and vertical design of non-structural columns as sun shading but still allow passer-by able to look at what happened on the first floor.

Artificial Lighting Analysis

Types of Light Fixture Recessed LED Downlight

Wattage Range (W) 13Colour Designation Warm WhiteNominal Life (Hours) 15000Lumen 1400

Lumen Method Calculation

Floor Area (A) 13.8 × 7 = 96.6m2

Types of Light Fixture LED DownlightLumen of Light Fixture 1400Height of working plane (m) -Height of Luminaire (m) 3.82Mounting Height (Hm) 3.82Reflection Factor Ceiling: 0.7

Wall: 0.5Floor: 0.3

Room Index, RI (K)RI= L×W

Hm×(L+W )

13.8×73.25×(13.8+7)= 1.43 (≈1.4)

Utilisation Factor (UF) 0.59Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8Standard Illuminance by MS1525

200 lux

Number of Light Required, NN= E× A

F×UF×MF

200×96.61400×0.59×0.8= 29.24 (≈29units)

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)SHR= 1

Hm×√ AN

¿ 13.82

×√ 96.629 = 0.48

0.48 = x3.82

= 1.83Fitting Layout by Approximately (m)

Fitting required along 13.8m wall= 13.8 / 1.83= 7.54 (7-8 rows)

Number of fittings per row= 29 / 8= 3.63 (≈4 units)

Spacing along the width= 13.8 / 8= 1.73m

Conclusion

Based on the calculation, the total number of fitting that are required to achieve the standard lux of 200 lux in the room is 4 lamps per row and 8 rows are required with 1.73m gap between every lamps. With the sufficient level of illumination, the community is able to carry out activity with comfortable level of light.

Figure 1.2: Proposed luminaries fitting layout of painting area

PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)

Based on the calculations, there are 28 luminaries in total in that area which can be controlled using 2 switches. The first and second row of luminaries (14 luminaries) starting from the façade can be controlled using a switch, Switch 1. While the other 2 rows can be controlled using another switch, Switch 2. During daytime, Switch 1 that is controlling the first two rows of the luminaries can be switch off while Switch 2 has to be switch on. This is because the area nearer to the glazing façade receives sufficient daylight with a distribution of 6.1% which does not require the aid of artificial lighting to light up the space and could also save up electricity cost at the same time. Switch 2 is needed to light up the area which does not receive sufficient daylight.

Figure 1.3: Proposed switch arrangement

2.0 QUIET READING AREA

The quiet reading area is located on the third floor where it is adjacent to the glazing façade where it is exposed to the sunlight during daytime. The space is designed to allow natural light and also visual connection to the context.

Figure 2.1: Third floor plan showing quiet reading area

Daylight Factor Analysis

DF= EiEo×100%

Ei = Indoor illuminance due at a point on indoor working plane due to daylight

Eo = Unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average say light level in Malaysia (EH) is assumed to be 32000 lux.

Daylight factor calculation

Floor Area( m2) 78.9Area of façade exposed to sunlight ( m2) 10.5 × 4 = 42Area of skylight 0Exposed façade and skylight area to floor area ratio / Daylight Factor, DF

4278.9= 0.53= 53% × 0.1= 5.3%

According to MS1525, daylight factor distribution is as below:

Zone Daylight Factor/% DistributionVery bright >6 Very bright with thermal and glare problems.Bright 3-6 GoodAverage 1-3 FairDark 0-1 Poor

According to MS1525, intensity of the luminance as below:

Luminance level/lux) Luminance example120000 Brightest sunlight110000 Bright sunlight20000 Shade illuminated by clear blue sky; midday1000-2000 Typical overcast day; midday400 Sunrise/sunset on a clear day (ambient)< 200 Extreme or darkest storm clouds; midday40 Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise< 1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

Natural illumination calculation

External illumination = 20 000 lux

DF= EiEo×100%5.3= Ei

Eo×100%

Ei=5.3 (20000 )100

= 1060 lux

Conclusion

The quiet reading area has a daylight factor of 5.3% and natural illumination of 1060 lux. According to the requirement of MS1525, the space is bright and it receives sufficient sunlight and does not cause discomfort of overly glare to the users.

However, the façade exposed to the sunlight is designed with using low-e glass and to reduce overly heat gain to the interior space.

Artificial Lighting Analysis

Types of Light Fixture Recessed LED Downlight

Wattage Range (W) 13Colour Designation Warm WhiteNominal Life (Hours) 15000Lumen 1400

Lumen Method Calculation

Floor Area (A) 13.85 × 5.7 = 78.9m2

Types of Light Fixture LED DownlightLumen of Light Fixture 1400Height of working plane (m) 0.75Height of Luminaire (m) 2.8Mounting Height (Hm) 2.05Reflection Factor Ceiling: 0.7

Wall: 0.5Floor: 0.3

Room Index, RI (K)

RI= L×WHm×(L+W )

13.8×5.73.25×(13.8+5.7)= 1.26

Utilisation Factor (UF) 0.36Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8Standard Illuminance by MS1525 300 luxNumber of Light Required, N

N= E× AF×UF×MF

300×78.91400×0.36×0.8= 58.7 (≈59 units)

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)SHR= 1

Hm×√ AN

¿ 13.25

×√ 78.959 = 0.36

0.36 = x3.25

= 1.17Fitting Layout by Approximately (m)

Fitting required along 7.06m wall= 7.06 / 1.17= 6.03 (≈5-6 rows)

Number of fittings per row= 59 / 6= 9.83 (≈10 units)

Spacing along the width= 7 / 6= 1.2m

Conclusion

Based on the calculation, the total number of fitting that are required to achieve the standard lux of 300 lux in the room is 10 lamps per row and about 5-6 rows are required with 1.2m gap between every lamps. With the sufficient level of illumination, the community is able to read with comfortable level of light.

Figure 2.2: Proposed luminaries fitting layout of quiet reading area

PSALI (Permanently Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)

Based on the calculations, there are 50 luminaries in total in that area which can be controlled using 2 switches. The first and second row of luminaries (20 luminaries) starting from the façade can be controlled using a switch, Switch 1. While the other 3 rows can be controlled using another switch, Switch 2. During daytime, Switch 1 that is controlling the first two rows of the luminaries can be switch off while Switch 2 has to be switch on. This is because the area nearer to the glazing façade receives sufficient daylight with a distribution of 5.3% which does not require the aid of artificial lighting to light up the space and could also save up electricity cost at the same time. Switch 2 is needed to light up the area which does not receive sufficient daylight.

Figure 2.3: Proposed switch arrangement