Building Science II

[BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]

Project 2

Integration Project

Student Name:

Tan Chee Siang

Student ID:

0315159

Tutor:

Mr. Rizal

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Aim and Objective

1.2 Project Introduction

1.3 Floor plans

2.0 LIGHTING STUDY 2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis

2.1.1 Lobby Area

2.1.2 Art Gallery

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis + PSALI 2.2.1 Reading Area

2.2.1.1 Material Properties

2.2.2 Children Reading Area

3.0 REFERENCE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objective

In Building Science project 2 – Integration Project, obviously we are required to integration this project

with out Design Studio 5 Final Project – Community Library in Jalan Sultan. The aim of the project is to

give an basic understanding the principle of lighting components and arrangement of how we introduce

and apply the lighting that related to our context into our Community Library Design.

1.2 Project Introduction

Our site of Community Library is located at Jalan Sultan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Community

Library is to serve the community given a gathering space while at the same time give a chance to bring

in young generation. They can have a place to interaction and exchange the latest information and

tradition to each other.

From different type of the architecture style of façade , high and low rise building form and the spread of

the little food stalls surrounded the site, the informal pattern but in the systematic order of the site, create

a chaotic feeling. The purpose of the building is to create its own identity and characteristic of the site. It

also create a space for community to inherit the culture and history to young generation meanwhile

improve the quality of the lifestyle on the site.

1.3 Floor plans

Figure 1.3.1 Ground Floor Plan

Scale 1 : 200

Scale 1 : 200

Scale 1 : 200 Figure 1.3.2 First Floor Plan

Figure 1.3.3 Second Floor Plan Scale 1 : 200

Scale 1 : 200 Figure 1.3.4 Third Floor Plan

2.0 Lighting Study

2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis

Where,

Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane

Eo = The unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average day light level in Malaysia (EH) is

assumed to be 32000 lux

A standard sky is assumed to give a minimum level of illuminance on the ground.

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance Example

120,000 lux Brightest Sunlight

110,000 lux Bright Sunlight

20,000 lux Shade Illuminated by entire clear blue sky

1000-2000 lux Typical Overcast Day, Midday

400 lux Sunrise or Sunset, Sunset/ Sunrise

<200 lux Extreme of Darkest Storm on Clear day

40 lux Fully Overcast, Sunset/Sunset

<1 lux Extreme of Darkest Storm Clouds, Sunset/Sunset

2.1.1 Cafeteria

Floor Area ( 𝑚2 ) 47.17𝑚2

Area of Opening exposed to Sunlight Perimeter 11 m Height 3.5 m

Area 33.5𝑚2

Daylight Factor =33.5

47.17 x 100%

=72.37 x 0.1 =7.1%

Given Eo = 32000 lux

DF = 𝐸𝑖

𝐸𝑜 x 100%

7.10 = 𝐸𝑖

32000 x 100%

𝐸𝑖 = 2272 lux

Cafeteria is located at ground floor. The Cafeteria is selected

because the whole space is fully opened to exterior and it

allows natural light to penetrate into interior space. The

dynamic properties of natural light are perceivable and

constantly change the perception and appearance of the

space.

Figure 2.1.1.1 Floor plan of selected Space – Cafeteria

Conclusion:

The Cafeteria has the daylight factor of 7.23%, and natural illumination of 2272 lux. Base on the

requirement of MS 1525, Cafeteria area has exceed the requirement and over exposure which it causes

the Typical Overcast Day, Midday.

Therefore, based on recommend illuminance categories, the cafeteria is suggested to maintain at 300

lux. However, all the opening is foldable door, it is opened during daytime and will be close at night time.

Can be enclose manually if it is too bright in interior. With some cover fabric such as curtain blind is

require in the design.

Figure 2.1.1.1 Ecotect generated daylight contour

diagram in Cafeteria.

2.1.2 Art Gallery

Floor Area ( 𝑚2 ) 49 𝑚2

Area of Opening exposed to Sunlight Perimeter 28 m Height 3.5 m

Area 17.1 𝑚2

Daylight FactorPL =17.1

49 x 100%

=18.69 x 0.1 =3.49%

Given Eo = 32000 lux

DF = 𝐸𝑖

𝐸𝑜 x 100%

3.49 = 𝐸𝑖

32000 x 100%

𝐸𝑖 = 1116.8 lux

Art Gallery is located at ground floor. The Art

Gallery is selected because the whole space is

designed partly exposed to exterior with

foldable wall panel. Hence, it will also allow

more natural light to penetrate into interior

space. The dynamic properties of natural light

are perceivable and constantly change the

perception and appearance of the space.

Figure 2.1.2.1 Floor plan of selected Space – Art Gallery

Conclusion:

The Cafeteria has the daylight factor of 3.49%, and natural illumination of 1167 lux. Base on the

requirement of MS 1525, Art Gallery area has exceed the requirement and over exposure which it causes

the Typical Overcast Day, Midday.

Therefore, based on recommend illuminance categories, the cafeteria is suggested to maintain at 500

lux. However, the wall panel is designed as it can be flip 360 degree so it can allow more day light to

penetrate in. Also, it can also be enclose manually if it is too bright in interior.

Figure 2.1.2.1 Ecotect generated daylight contour

diagram in Art Gallery.

2.3 Artificial Lighting Analysis + PSALI

2.3.1 Reading Area

Material Properties

Material Function Color Area (𝑚2) Surface Type Reflectance Value

Concrete Wall Ceiling

Grey Grey

68 116.45

Matte Matte

50 70

Glass Windows Transparent 30 smooth 77

Timber Flooring Wall Furniture

Light Brown Spanish White Light Brown

116.45 68 25.65

Gloss Matte Gloss

30 71 50

Lighting Specification

BEVELED® CONNECT™ DOWNLIGHT

Type of Light LED

Lifetime (hours) 50000

Light Effect Classic White

Lamp Luminous Flux 1500 lumen

Shape Cubic

Voltage 120-277V

Wattage 14 W

The reading area in the Community Library is located at the first

floor. The area is placed at the middle of the spot and it it more

enclosed thus natural lighting is not enough and efficient to

penentrate in some areas. Sufficient and even distribution of

artificial lighting is required to apply to get better vision and more

comfortable environment. Hence, the reading area should apply

artificial lighting to reach the requirement of the M1525.

Figure 2.3.1.2 Proposed type of lamp.

Figure 2.3.1.1 Floor plan of selected Space – Reading Area

Location Reading Area

Dimension of Room Length : 22.3 m Width: 7 m Height: 5 m

Total Floor Area L x W =116.45 𝑚2

Types of Lighting Fixture BEVELED® CONNECT™ DOWNLIGHT

Lumen of Lighting Fixture/F (Lux) 1500 lumen

Height of Luminaire 3.2m

Height of Woeking Level 0.8m

Mounting Height/H (Hm) 4m – 0.8m – 0.8m = 2.4m

Standard Illumination Required According to MS 1525

300

Reflection Factor Ceiling 0.7 Wall 0.5 Floor 0.3

Room Index / RI (K)

𝑅𝐼 =𝐿𝑥 𝑊

𝐻𝑚(𝐿 + 𝑊)

𝑅𝐼 =156.1

2.4(22.3 + 7)

=156.1

2.4(29.3)

=156.1

70.32

=2.219

Utilization Factor / UF 0.65

Maintainance Factor /MF 0.8

Number of Light Required Lumen Calculation

N=[𝐸 𝑥 𝐴

𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹]

N=[300𝑥156.1

1500𝑥0.65𝑥0.8]

=60 bulbs

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)

SHR=1

𝐻𝑚 𝑥 √

𝐴

𝑁

SHR=1

2.4 𝑥 √

156.1

60

=0.66

SHR=𝑠

2.4 =0.66

=1.584

Fitting Layout

Fitting required along 17m wall 22.3

1.584=10.89

=14 Therefore : 14 x 4 rows = 56 lamps To achieved the recommended MS 1525 Library Illumination Level of 300 lux X = Spacing Required for 17 m wall is 22.3/14 = 1.6m y = Spacing Required for 6.85m wall is 7/4 =1.75m

7

1.584=4.4

=4

PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting Of Interior)

Conclusion:

Based on the calculation analysis. There are total 56 light fittings in the reading area which

controlled by using three switches. Switch 1 control the first row of light fitting (total 13

luminaires) which located at the front part of the space face to the opening. Switch 2

controlled the following three row of light fittings (total 13 luminaires). Reason being is the

reading area will receive a enough daylight distribution of 4.02% during the day from the

glass opening, so the switch 1 which control the light fitting located at the front part of the

space can be switch off during the period of time to save the electric cost and energy

wasted.

Figure 2.1.3.3 Proposed reflected ceiling plan with switches arrangement.

2.3.2 Children Library

Material Properties

Material Function Color Area (𝑚2) Surface Type Reflectance Value

Concrete Wall Ceiling

Grey Grey

42 49

Matte Matte

50 70

Glass Windows Transparent 8 smooth 77

Timber Flooring Furniture

Light Brown Spanish White

49 25.65

Gloss Matte

30 71

Lighting Specification

BeveLED BLOCK

Type of Light LED

Lifetime (hours) 50000

Light Effect classic White

Lamp Luminous Flux 1400 lumen

Voltage 120-277V

Wattage 9 W

Shape cubic

The children library in the Community Library is located at the

first floor. The area is placed at the back corner of the spot and it

has only few openings at one wall side so that is not enough

daylight penentrate into the area. Sufficient and even distribution

of artificial lighting is required to apply to get comfortable

environment to attract the kids to play around there. Hence, the

Children area should apply artificial lighting to reach the

requirement of the M1525.

Figure 2.3.2.2 Proposed type of lamp.

Figure 2.3.2.1 Floor plan of selected Space – Reading Area

Location Children Library

D0imension of Room Length : 7 m Width: 7 m Height: 4 m

Total Floor Area L x W = 49 𝑚2

Types of Lighting Fixture BeveLED BLOCK

Lumen of Lighting Fixture/F (Lux) 1475 lumen

Height of Luminaire 4.0m

Height of Working Level 0.5m

Mounting Height/H (Hm) 4m – 0.5m = 3.5 m

Standard Illumination Required According to MS 1525

300-500

Reflection Factor Ceiling 0.7 Wall 0.5 Floor 0.3

Room Index / RI (K)

𝑅𝐼 =𝐿𝑥 𝑊

𝐻𝑚(𝐿 + 𝑊)

𝑅𝐼 =49

3.5(7 + 7)

=49

3.5(14)

=49

49

=1

Utilization Factor / UF 0.62

Maintainance Factor /MF 0.8

Number of Light Required Lumen Calculation

N=[𝐸 𝑥 𝐴

𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹]

N=[300𝑥49

1475𝑥0.62𝑥0.8]

=20.09 =20 bulbs

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)

SHR=1

𝐻𝑚 𝑥 √

𝐴

𝑁

SHR=1

3.5𝑚 𝑥 √

49

20

=0.45

SHR = 𝑠

3.5𝑚= 0.45

=1.575m

Fitting Layout

Fitting required along both 7m wall 7

1.575 = 4.44

≈ 4-5 rows Therefore : 5 x 5 rows = 25 lamps (more than 20 bulbs) To achieved the recommended MS 1525 Library Illumination Level of 300 lux x- spacing required for 7m wall is 7/5 = 1.4m y- spacing required for 7m wall is 7/5 = 1.4m

PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting Of Interior)

Conclusion:

Based on the calculation and light contour analysis. There are total 25 light fittings in the

children library which controlled by using two switches. Switch 1 control the first two row

of light fitting (total 5 luminaires) which located at the front part of the space. Switch 2

controlled the following three row of light fittings (total 5 luminaires). Reason being is the

children library will receive a enough daylight distribution of 3.2% during the day from the

glass window façade, so the switch 1 which control the light fitting located at the front part

of the space can be switch off during the period of time to save the electric cost and energy

wasted.

Figure 2.3.2.3 Proposed reflected ceiling plan with switches arrangement.