building science 2 final project

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413]

PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO V

SENTUL WEST COMMUNITY LIBRARY

JALAN SULTAN AZLAN SHAH (JALAN IPOH), KUALA LUMPUR.

NAME

STUDENT ID

TUTOR

SUBMISSION DATE

KELVIN NG

0315081

MR. EDWIN YEAN

11TH JUNE 2016

Project 2 : Sentul West Community Library Building Science 2 [ARC 3413]

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Content

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Objectives .......................................................................................... 3

1.2 Project Description .......................................................................... 3

1.3 Floor Plans ........................................................................................ 4

2.0 Lighting

2.1 Day Lighting Factor Analysis ......................................................... 9

2.1.1 Kid’s Reading Area ............................................................ 10

2.1.2 Multifunction Hall ................................................................ 11

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis


2.2.2 Digital Lab ........................................................................... 15

2.3 PSALI


2.3.2 Digital Lab ........................................................................... 18

3.0 Acoustic

3.1 External Noise Calculation ............................................................ 19

3.2 Reverberation Time

3.2.1 Workshop Cubicle 4 ........................................................... 20

3.2.2 Digital Lab ........................................................................... 22

3.3 Transmission Loss

3.3.1 Workshop Cubicle 4 ........................................................... 24

3.3.2 Cafe .................................................................................... 26

4.0 References ............................................................................................. 28


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1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives

The objective of this project integrating with Architectural Design Studio V aims to implement the consideration in term of lighting and acoustic. Design strategies affecting lightings and acoustics in the building are analyse in detail, providing detail to achieve comfort of users. 1.2 Project Description

The project is located at Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah or previously was called Jalan Ipoj in Sentul, Kuala Lumpur. The site is located right opposite of KL PAC entrance, nearby Low Yat Rivercity.

This project aim to enhance the lifestyle along Jalan Ipoh or Jalan

Sultan Azlan Shah area, rejuvenating the community with healthy activities and reading with technology that implemented in the library to fulfil the need of new generation with electrical gadgets. Public realm and electronical wall that functioning as a mini open theatre, landscaped with existing contour and a café besides a second hand book store intended to attract young adults and youth.


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1.3 Floor Plans

Ground Floor Plan

scale 1:300


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Mezzanine Floor Plan

scale 1:300


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First Floor Plan

scale 1:300

Second Floor Plan

scale 1:300


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Third Floor Plan

scale 1:300

Fourth Floor Plan

scale 1:300


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Roof Plan

scale 1:300


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2.0 Lighting 2.1 Day Lighting Factor Analysis Daylighting Factor, DF

Natural Illumination Illuminance Example

120,000 Brightest sunlight

110,000 Bright sunlight

20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky

1000 – 2000 Typical overcast day, midday

<200 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

400 Sunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient illumination)

40 Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

<1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/rise

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very Bright > 6 Very large with thermal and glare problems

Bright 3 – 6 Good

Average 1 – 3 Fair

Dark 0 – 1 Poor

Note: The figure are average daylight factors for windows without glazing


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2.1.1 Children Reading Area

Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area (m

2) 110.3

Area of façade that exposed to sunlight 25.7

Exposed Façade to Floor Area Ratio/ Daylight Factor. DF

(25.7/110.3)x100%=23.3 DF=23.3x0.1 =2.33%

E external = 20,000 lux DF = (E internal/ E external) x 100 2.33 = (20000/ E external) x 100 E external = 2.33 / 100 x 20000 = 466 lux Conclusion The children reading area has daylighting factor of 2.33% and natural illumination of 466 lux. According to the requirement of MS 1525, this children reading area is comfortable for children to read in that area with comfortable natural light without needs of artificial lighting.


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2.1.2 Multifunctional Hall

Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area (m

2) 194.91

Area of façade that exposed to sunlight 77.6

Exposed Façade to Floor Area Ratio/ Daylight Factor. DF

(77.6/194.91)x100%=39.3 DF=39.3x0.1 =3.93

E external = 20,000 lux DF = (E internal/ E external) x 100 3.93 = (20000/ E external) x 100 E external = 3.93 / 100 x 20000 = 786 lux Conclusion The multifunction hall has daylighting factor of 3.93% and natural illumination of 786 lux. The lighting condition of the hall during day is bright and doesn’t require any artificial to illuminate the space, saving the cost of electricity. However, sliding curtain are install in the hall to enable full control of lighting when the event require darker environment.


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2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis 2.2.1 Multifunction Hall

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level of required for a multifunction hall is 300 lux.

Type of luminaire purposed: Philips Tornado Spiral

Type of Fixture LED Downlight

Sample of fixture

Nominal life (hours) 8000

Wattage Range 24W

Colour Rendering Index, CRI 80

Colour Temperature, K 6500

Colour Designation Warm White

Lumens 2850


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Lumen Method Calculation

Location Multifunction Hall

Dimension Length: 19.5m Width: 10m Ceiling Height: 4m

Floor Area (A) 19.5m x 10m = 195m²

Types of Lighting fixture Fluorescent lamps

Lumen of lighting fixture, F (Lm) 2850 Lm

Height of luminaire (m) 3.5m

Mounting height (Hm) 3m

Reflectance Value Ceiling = 0.7 Wall = 0.5 Floor = 0.2

Room index/ RI (K) 𝐿 𝑥 𝑊

(𝐿+𝑊)𝑥 𝐻 =

19.5 𝑥 10

(19.5+10)𝑥 3

=195

88.5

=2.2

Utilisation factor 0.45

Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8

Recommended average illumination levels by MS 1525 (E)

300 lux

Number of light required N= 𝐸 𝑥 𝐴

𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹

=300 𝑥 195

2850 𝑥 0.45 𝑥 0.8

= 57.02 ≃ 58 bulbs needed

Spacing of Height Ratio (SHR) SHR =

1

𝐻𝑚 x √

𝐴

𝑁

= 1

3 x √

198

58

= 0.62

SHR = 𝑆

3 = 0.62

S = 1.86

Fitting layout by approximately (m) Fitting along 19.5m wall = 19.5 ÷ 1.86 = 10.48

≃ 11 row No. of lamps required in each row = total lights required/number of row = 58 ÷ 11 = 5.27

≃ 6 Spacing along 10m wall = 10 ÷ 6 = 1.67m Therefore, approximately 6 x 11 = 66 luminaires required


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Fitting Layout

Conclusion

66 LED bulb are required to illuminate the multifunction hall in order to

achieve illumination level of 300 lux as required in MS1525. Warm white color of the

illuminate is more comfortable for the user to stay comfort in the area for a long

period of event, high energy saving efficiency that consume less electricity

contributes to cheaper budget of event.


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2.2.2 Digital Lab

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level of required for a digital lab is 300 lux.

Type of luminaire purposed: Philips Florescent Batten Light

Type of Fixture Fluorescent Lamp

Sample of fixture

Wattage Range 40W

Colour Rendering Index, CRI 85

Colour Temperature, K 3000

Colour Designation White

Lumens 3800


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Lumen Method Calculation

Location Digital Lab

Dimension Length: 13m Width: 17.4m Ceiling Height: 4m

Floor Area (A) 13 x 17.4 = 226.2m²

Types of Lighting fixture Fluorescent lamps

Lumen of lighting fixture, F (Lm) 3800 Lm

Height of luminaire (m) 3.5m

Mounting height (Hm) 3m

Reflectance Value Ceiling = 0.7 Wall = 0.5 Floor = 0.2

Room index/ RI (K) 𝐿 𝑥 𝑊

(𝐿+𝑊)𝑥 𝐻 =

13 𝑥 17.4

(13+17.4)𝑥 3

=226.2

91.2

=2.48

Utilisation factor 0.45

Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8

Recommended average illumination levels by MS 1525 (E)

300 lux

Number of light required N= 𝐸 𝑥 𝐴

𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹

=300 𝑥 226.2

3800 𝑥 0.45 𝑥 0.8

= 49.6

≃ 50 bulbs needed

Spacing of Height Ratio (SHR) SHR =

1

𝐻𝑚 x √

𝐴

𝑁

= 1

3 x √

226.2

50

= 0.71

SHR = 𝑆

3 = 0.71

S = 2.13

Fitting layout by approximately (m) Fitting along 13m wall = 13 ÷ 2.13 = 6.1 ≃ 7 row No. of lamps required in each row = total lights required/number of row = 50 ÷ 7 = 7.14

≃ 8 Spacing along 17.4m wall = 17.4 ÷ 7 = 2.49 m Therefore, approximately 7 x 8 = 56 luminaires required


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Fitting Layout

Conclusion

56 fluorescent lamps are required to illuminate the digital lab in order to

achieve illumination level of 300 lux as required in MS1525. The white color of

illumination helps the user to stay focus to the work and this type of illumination have

higher color rendering index (85) which provide a wider range of color.


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2.3 PSALI

2.3.1 Multifunction Hall

As shown in the diagram above, the multifunction hall dividing into 3 zones, having option for

switches of lighting fixture.

2.3.2 Digital Lab

As shown in the diagram above, the multifunction hall dividing into 3 zones, having option for

switches of lighting fixture.


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3.0 Acoustic

3.1 External Noise Calculation

External Noise Sound Pressure Level (SPL)

Traffic Noise Activity Noise

Peak Hour Peak Hour

Recorded Readings 85dB 70dB

Sound Intensity SPL = 10 log𝐼𝑡

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓

85 = 10 log𝐼𝑡

1 𝑥 10−12

Antilog 8.5 = 𝐼𝑡

1 𝑥 10−12

It = 3.1623 x 10-12

SPL = 10 log𝐼𝑡

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓

70 = 10 log𝐼𝑡

1 𝑥 10−12

Antilog 7 =𝐼𝑡

1 𝑥 10−12

It = 1 x 10-5

Total Intensities I = (3.1623 x 10-12

) + (1 x 10-5

) = 1 x 10

-5

Sound Pressure Level SPL = 10log1 x 10−5

1 𝑥 10−12

= 70 dB

The external noise with a combined SPL of 85 dB contributed by vehicles and street activity

travels right into the library.

According to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, a library should have acoustic tolerance level in

between 35dB to 40dB. The combined SPL of external noises did not fall within the

recommended standard acoustic noise range of comfort acoustic environment for user

experience. Hence, acoustic barrier or buffering are implement in the design to enhance and

improves the acoustic comfort inside the library.


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3.2 Reverberation Time

3.2.1 Workshop Cubicle 4

Material absorption coefficient in 500 Hz at peak hour with 10 people in the space.

Building Component

Material Area, S/m2 Absorption Coefficient

in 500 Hz, a Sound Absorption, Sa

Wall Concrete Brick Wall 104 0.02 2.08

Glass Panel 64 0.10 6.5

Floor Carpet 110 0.14 15.4

Door Plywood 1.89 0.17 0.32

Ceiling Plaster Finish 110 0.015 1.65

Furniture Timber 20 0.04 0.8

Occupants 10 pax 0.46 4.6

Total Absorption, A 31.35


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Reverberation Time, RT = (0.16 x V)/A

= (0.16 x 440)31.35

= 2.24s

The reverberation time for workshop cubicle 4 at 500 Hz during peak hours with 10 people

inside the space is 2.24s. This doesn’t meet the comfort reverberation time in between 1-1.5s

of standard workshop comfort reverberation time. Due to the function of the space, the

reverberation time should be lower as there are high volume of sound source in the room,

more soft texture that is have higher absorption coefficient should be install in this cubicle.


Building Component

Material Area, S/m

2

Absorption Coefficient in 2000 Hz, a

Sound Absorption, Sa


Glass Panel 64 0.10 6.4

Floor Carpet 110 0.14 15.4


Ceiling Plaster Finish 110 0.04 4.4

Furniture Timber 20 0.10 2




= (0.16 x 440)44.35

= 1.587s

The reverberation time for workshop cubicle 4 at 500 Hz during peak hours with 20 people

inside the space is 1.587s. This is very close to the comfort reverberation time in between 1-

1.5s of standard workshop comfort reverberation time.


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3.2.1 Digital Lab


Building Component


in 500Hz,a Sound Absorption, Sa


Glass Panel 140 0.10 14

Floor Carpet 183.2 0.14 25.64


Curtain Fabric 140 0.15 21

Ceiling Plaster Finish 183.2 0.015 2.75

Furniture Timber 60 0.04 2.5




= (0.16 x 732.8)82.17

= 1.43s

The reverberation time for digital lab at 500 Hz during peak hours with 30 people inside the

space is 1.43s. This doesn’t meet the comfort reverberation time in between 0.5-1s of

standard digital lab comfort reverberation time. Yet it is close to the comfort reverberation time

where more fabric texture material can be install or place in the digital lab perhaps replacing

timber furniture with fabric texture furniture.


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Building Component


in 2000Hz,a Sound Absorption, Sa


Glass Panel 140 0.10 14

Floor Carpet 183.2 0.14 25.65


Curtain Fabric 140 0.37 51.8

Ceiling Plaster Finish 183.2 0.04 7.328

Furniture Timber 60 0.10 6




= (0.16 x 732.8)140.888

= 0.83s

The reverberation time for digital lab at 2000 Hz during peak hours with 60 people inside the

space is 0.83s, This is in the comfort reverberation time in between 0.5-1s of standard digital

lab comfort reverberation time.


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3.3 Transmission Loss

3.3.1 Workshop Cubicle 4

Building Component

Material Surface Areas, m

2 SRI (dB) Transmission

Coefficient, T

Wall Concrete with paint

110.36 44 3.98 x 10-5

Glass panel 64 26 2.51 x 10-3

Door Plywood 1.89 31 7.94 x 10-4


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a.) Wall – Concrete with paint

SRI concrete with paint = 10 log10 1

𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒

44 = 10log10 1


antilog4.4=1


T concrete = 1

25118.86432

=3.98 x 10-5

b.) Wall – Glass panel

SRI glass panel = 10 log10 1

𝑇 𝐺𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

26 = 10 log10 1


antilog 2.6 = 1


T Glass = 1

398.1071706

=2.51 x 10-3

c.) Door – Plywood

SRI Plywood = 10log10 1

𝑇 𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑

31 = 10log10 1


antilog 3.1 = 1


T plywood = 1

1258.9254

=7.94 x 10-4

Tav = ∑(𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑥 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑏 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡)

∑𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

=(110.36 x 3.98x10−5) + (64 x 2.51x10−3) + (1.89 x 7.94x10−4)

110.36+64+1.89

=0.0044 +0.16+ 0.0015

176.25

=0.1659

176.25

=9.41 x 10-4

Overall SRI = 10 log10 1

𝑇𝑎𝑣

= 10 log10 1

7.94 𝑥 10−4

=31dB

Assume the sound pressure level in the workshop cubicle 4 to be 70dB

70dB – 31dB = 39dB

The overall transmission loss from workshop cubicle towards other space is 31 dB. The

sound that is transmitted through building components such as wall and door is approximately

39dB. According to the noise criteria environment perception, 39dB is the category that

similar to the whisper, still acceptable but preferable to be improve or enhance it.


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3.3.1 Café

Building Component

Material Surface Areas, m

2 SRI (dB) Transmission

Coefficient, T

Wall Concrete with paint

44.8 44 3.98 x 10-5

Glass panel 65.2 26 2.51 x 10-3

Door Plywood 3.78 31 7.94 x 10-4


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a.) Wall – Concrete with paint

SRI concrete with paint = 10 log10 1


44 = 10log10 1


antilog4.4=1


T concrete = 1

25118.86432

=3.98 x 10-5

b.) Wall – Glass panel

SRI glass panel = 10 log10 1


26 = 10 log10 1


antilog 2.6 = 1


T Glass = 1

398.1071706

=2.51 x 10-3

c.) Door – Plywood

SRI Plywood = 10log10 1

𝑇 𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑

31 = 10log10 1


antilog 3.1 = 1


T plywood = 1

1258.9254

=7.94 x 10-4

Tav = ∑(𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑥 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑏 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡)

∑𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

=(44.8 x 3.98x10−5) + (65.2 x 2.51x10−3) + (3.78 x 7.94x10−4)

44.8+65.2+3.78

=0.0018 + 0.1637+0.003

113.78

=0.1685

113.78

=1.48 x 10-3

Overall SRI = 10 log10 1

𝑇𝑎𝑣

= 10 log10 1

1.48 x 10−3

=28.29dB

Assume the sound pressure level in the workshop cubicle 4 to be 75dB

75dB – 28.29dB = 46.71dB

The overall transmission loss from café towards other space is 28.29dB. The sound that is

transmitted through building components such as wall and door is approximately 46.71dB.

According to the noise criteria environment perception, 46.71dB is the category similar to the

noise of normal living talking or radio in the background. It is unpleasant experience for those

user especially book reader to read book in the café, more fabric or acoustic barrier could be

install around the café to enhance and improve it.


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4.0 References

Eberhard sengpiel. (2016). Sengpielaudiocom. Retrieved 4 July, 2016, from

http://www.sengpielaudio.com/TableOfSoundPressureLevels.htm

Philips. (2016). Philipscom. Retrieved 4 July, 2016, from

http://download.p4c.philips.com/lfb/c/comf-2530/comf-2530_pss_en_aa_001.pdf

Philips. (2016). Philips. Retrieved 8 July, 2016, from http://www.philips.com.my/c-m-

li/choose-a-bulb/need-help

Cityueduhk. (2016). Cityueduhk. Retrieved 10 July, 2016, from

http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bsapplec/lumen.htm

Pioneerlightingcom. (2016). Pioneerlightingcom. Retrieved 10 July, 2016, from

http://www.pioneerlighting.com/new/pdfs/IESLuxLevel.pdf

Nplcouk. (2016). Nplcouk. Retrieved 10 July, 2016, from

http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_4/2_4_4.html

http://www.sengpielaudio.com/TableOfSoundPressureLevels.htm

http://download.p4c.philips.com/lfb/c/comf-2530/comf-2530_pss_en_aa_001.pdf

http://www.philips.com.my/c-m-li/choose-a-bulb/need-help

http://www.philips.com.my/c-m-li/choose-a-bulb/need-help

http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bsapplec/lumen.htm

http://www.pioneerlighting.com/new/pdfs/IESLuxLevel.pdf

http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_4/2_4_4.html