degree sem 5 building science project 2 integration project

BUILDING SCIENCE (BLD 61303)

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture

PROJECT INTEGRATION WITH COMMUNITY LIBRARY


PROJECT 02 INTEGRATION PROJECT

Prepared by: Tan Jo Lynn (0318518)

Tutor: Mr. Azim Sulaiman

PROJECT 02 INTEGRATION PROJECT Page ! of !1 26


TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3

Section 1.1 Objectives 3

Section 1.2 Project Introduction 3

Section 1.3 Floor plans 4

Section 1.4 Sun Shading Diagrams 9

CHAPTER 2.0 SPACE A . E-LEARNING DEPARTMENT

Section 2.1 Introduction 12

Section 2.2 Daylight Analysis 13

Section 2.3 Artificial light Analysis 15

CHAPTER 3.0 SPACE B . CASUAL READING SPACE

Section 3.1 Introduction 19

Section 3.2 Daylight Analysis 20

Section 3.3 Artificial light Analysis 22

Section 3.4 PSALI 24

CHAPTER 6.0 REFERENCES 26



CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objectives

The intention of this project is to incorporate the lighting analysis and design in to the community

library project to presents the understanding of artificial lighting and daylighting strategies to solve

environment problems in relation to sustainability and user comfort, at the same time practice use of

potential natural lighting. As the position of site selected faces the East - West, where daylighting is

an critical issue if not adopted appropriately, utilisation of natural lighting is encouraged but at the

same time provide a comfortable spatial qualities for each functional area.

1.2 Project Introduction

The community library is located at Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur, an infill project

between the Coliseum Cafe and Wisma Harwan. The design intention of my proposed library is to

congregate experiences and to redefine perceptions of Malaysians towards the immigrants

community. Thus, forming a humanistic library, a library beyond the collection of books and written

knowledge.

The application of natural lighting through facade, skylight and light wells to enhance the spatial

lighting quality aims to reduce the use of artificial lighting, enabling users to experience the details

of Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman through tactile senses. Therefore, well integration of artificial

lighting and daylighting is required to achieved the poetics of space and structure as well as to

provide sufficient luminance to the functional space according to its purposes in order to maintain

the comfortable visual condition for users.



1.3 Floor Plans


1

Ground Floor Floor Plan Scale 1:200



1

First Floor Floor Plan Scale 1:200



1

Second Floor Floor Plan Scale 1:200



1

Third Floor Floor Plan Scale 1:200



1

Fourth Floor Floor Plan Scale 1:200


1.4 Sun Shading Diagrams

At this hour, incident light travels from the East direction, which penetrates through the front facade

in to the interior spaces. The front spaces of the library like casual reading space, young adult’s

department, and antique archive gallery will be affected throughly. Therefore, the front facade will

be installed with varieties of sun shading system depending on the function of the space. Light

travels in to the spaces though light well will not affect the lighting condition much at this hour.

Date Time Weather

16th July 2017 0830hr Sunny



At this hour, the incident light is coming dominantly from the top of the East direction. Spaces

affected by the source of light will be Lounge, which is located at the top floor. This issue is solved

by using sun screens as continuation of roof design over the facade exposed to sunlight. Other

spaces were not seriously affected by the sunlight at this point of time as light travels through light

well in to these spaces, reducing glares and thermal discomfort by avoiding direct light and

reflecting light.

Date Time Weather




The late afternoon sun affects mainly on the spaces located at the back of the building. For example,

the meeting room that is located at the top floor. Spaces located below are protected by wall built

for privacy of restrooms as well as the adjacent building. However, it is still important to provide

sun shading system to reduce direct penetration of light in to the the space mentioned above. The

application of operable solid wooden panels and louvers are used to prevent direct light at the same

time, provide flexibility when natural light is needed. Light traveling through light well is diffused

by the office spaces and the green wall installed in between two spaces to provide boundary.

Therefore, the flexibility of use of facade is vital for the utilisation of natural lighting.

Date Time Weather




CHAPTER 2.0 SPACE A . E-LEARNING DEPARTMENT

2.1 Introduction

Figure 2.1.1 Second floor floor plan with indication of location of Space A.

The chosen space is a semi open area located on the second floor. Curtain is applied on one end of

the space to avoid indirect light that reflects from the devices’ screen, causing discomfort like

glares. Natural light received by the space through the light well is insufficient for a computer room

based of the standard stated in MS 1525. Therefore, artificial lighting is needed throughout the day

to provide sufficient illuminance level for the assigned activity in the space.


1


2.2 Daylight Analysis

Daylight Factor Analysis

Based on the daylight factors and distribution table stated by the Department of standards Malaysia,

2007, the space is fairly lit by the natural lighting.

As from the calculation stated above, daylight received was just enough to achieved the requirement

of illuminance level as stated in MS 1525.

Floor Area (m²) 7.1 x 5.7 = 40.21m²

Area of Facade exposed to Sunlight (m²) (0.9 x 3.5) + (2.141 x 3.5) = 23.625

Daylight Factor, DF DF = 40.21 / 23.625 x 100 DF = 17.02 x 0.1 DF = 1.7%

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very Bright > 6 Large (including thermal and glare problem)

Bright 3 - 6 Good

Average 1 - 3 Fair

Dark 0 -1 Poor

Standard room Illumination recommendation by MS 1525 for computer rooms: 300 lux - 400 lux

External Illumination (Shade illuminated by the entire clear blue sky)

20000 lux

DF = Ei (indoor illuminance) x 100% Eo (outdoor illuminance)

1.7 = Ei x 100% 20000 Ei = 340 lux




Daylight Lux Contour Diagram Diagram

Figure 2.2.1 Daylight contour of Space A.

Based on the daylight analysis diagram, it is presented that the light enters the E-learning space

from the openings towards the light well. The natural light received gradually decreases as it travels

deeper in to the space. Thus, incorporation of artificial lighting is needed.

Section analysis Diagram

Figure 2.2.2 Section of Space A with shadow casting.

The E-learning Department has daylight factor of 1.7%, which achieved a fairly lit environment due

to the opening towards the light well that allows reflectance of natural light in to the space. The

indoor illuminance of space is at 340 lux, positioned at the mid point of range 300 lux - 400 lux a

stated in MS 1525. Thus, artificial lighting is needed throughout the day to achieved even

distribution of light throughput the space as well as to provide sufficient illuminance level when

daylight is not available when weather changes.



2.3 Artificial light Analysis

Lumen Method

Where,

N = Number of lamps required

E = Illuminance level required (lux)

A = Area at working plane (m²)

F = Average luminous flux from each fitting (lumen)

UF = Utilisation factor, an allowance for light distribution of the luminaire and room surfaces

MF = Maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt

Room Index

Where,

L = Length of room

W = Width of room

Hm = Mounting height, the vertical distance between the working plane and luminaire


N = E x A F x UF x EF

RI = L x W Hm x (L + W)


Types of Fixture 1-Light Pendant Light

Image of Fixture

Product Dimension (mm) 100mm DIA.

Type of Luminous Cool White

Luminous flux (lumen) 1100 lumen

Power (Watt) 11W

Color Temperature (Kelvin) 4000

Color Rendering Index (CRI) 80

Average life rate (hours) 25000

Dimension of Room (m) Length = 7.1 Width = 5.7

Total floor area (m²) 40.21

Height of Ceiling (m) 4

Type of Light Fixture A19 LED Bulb

Luminous flux of Lighting, F (lumen) 1100

Height of Luminaire (m) 3

Height of Working Plane (m) 0.77

Mounting Height (Hm) 4.00 - 1.00 - 0.77 = 1.73m

Standard Illumination required according to MS1525

300 lux

Reflectance factor Ceiling (wood panelling) = 0.7 Wall (green wall + curtain) = 0.5 Floor (timber cladding) = 0.2

Room Index, RI (K) RI = L x W Hm x (L+W) RI = (5.7 x 7.1) / [ 1.73 x (5.7+7.1) ] RI = 1.821

Utilisation Factor, UF 0.62

Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8 (standard)



Lighting Layout

Figure 2.3.1 Light fittings layout arranged based on analysis and calculation above.

There area total amount of 22 light fixtures used to achieved the required illuminance level of 300

lux as stated in MS 1525 in the space with an area of 40.21m². As shown in the diagram, every 10

lighting fixtures are controlled by a one-way-two-gang switch.

Number of Fittings required, N N = E x A F x UF x MF N = (300 x 40.21) / (1100 x 0.62 x 0.8) N = 22.1081 N = 22 bulbs

Maximum spacing between Luminaire (m) Smax = 1.0 x Hm Smax = 1.0 x 1.6 Smax = 1.6

Fitting Layout Fitting required along 7.1m wall, (7.1 / 1.6 )m = 4.437 (5 rows)

Number of Lamps in each row, 22lamps / 5 rows = 4.4 (4 lamps per row with 2 lamps on the sixth )



Artificial light Lux Contour Diagram

Figure 2.3.2 Artificial light contour of Space A.

The contour diagram shown above presents the lighting condition after the artificial lighting is

installed and planned according to the analysis and calculation above. The light source is more

evenly distributed to the working plane as compared to the light contour diagram in Figure 2.2.1.

Bulb colour of cool white is chosen to create a more formal ambience for the working space.

Pendant light is used to reduce the amount of light needed as it is in relation of the figure of

Utilisation factor, UF, where it is indirectly proportional to the number of light fittings needed.


Figure 2.3.3 Section of Space A after application of artificial lighting.

The inner portion of the e-learning space has no direct opening due to the location of restrooms that

blocks the exposed area of back facade. Thus, the deeper part of space are mainly brighten up by the

installation of artificial lighting to introduce balance distribution of light.



CHAPTER 03 SPACE B . CASUAL READING SPACE

3.1 Introduction

Figure 3.1.1 First floor floor plan with indication of location of Space B.

The chosen space is a semi open area located on the first floor. Facade with installation of sun

shading system is positioned on one end of the space to avoid direct light penetrating in to the

space, causing discomfort like glares and thermal discomfort. Natural light received by the space

through the light well exceeds the the requirements as stated in MS 1525. Therefore, design

strategies are needed to be applied to prevent regrade of spatial experiences and working ambience.


1


3.2 Daylight Analysis Average Daylight Factor

Where,

W = Area of windows (m²)

A = Total area of internal surfaces (m²)

T = Glass transmittance corrected for dirt

θ = Visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window

R = Average reflectance of area A

Figure 3.2.1 Diagram showing method of achieving figure for visible sky degree, θ.

Floor Area, A (m²) A = (8.915 x 6.8) + (6.915 x 6.8) + (9.345 x 4.0 x 2) A = 182.204m²

Area of Facade exposed to Sunlight, W (m²) W = [(1.95 x 3.245) + (3.25 x 1.0) + (0.85 x 1.15 x 4)] + (3.0 x 3.06) W = 22.67m²

Average Transmittance, T T = (0.3 + 0.35 + 0.7) T = 0.35

Average Reflectance of surface area, R R = (0.7 + 0.5 + 0.2) / 3R = 0,467

Daylight Factor, DF DF = W x Tθ A (1-R) DF = 22.67 / 182.204 x (0.35 x 74) / (1 - 0.467) DF = 6.1%


DF = W x Tθ A (1 - R)

from centre point of exposed facade

opposite building


Based on the daylight factors and distribution table stated by the Department of standards Malaysia,

2007, the space is brightly lit by the natural daylight.

As stated in the calculation above, daylight received has slightly exceeds requirement of

illuminance level as stated in MS 1525.

Daylight Lux Contour Diagram

Figure 3.2.2 Daylight contour diagram of Space B.

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very Bright > 6 Large (including thermal and glare problem)

Bright 3 - 6 Good

Average 1 - 3 Fair

Dark 0 -1 Poor

Standard room Illumination recommendation by MS 1525 for reading rooms: 300 lux - 500 lux

External Illumination (Shade illuminated by the entire clear blue sky)

20000 lux


6.1 = Ei x 100% 20000 Ei = 1220 lux



The light contour diagram shows that the space lit up by daylight from the expose facade area on

one end and from the light well on the other. It is presented that the illuminance level decreases as it

reaches the centre of space, forming unbalance light distribution throughout the space.


Figure 3.2.3 Section of Space B with shadow casting.

The casual reading space achieved daylight factor of 6.1% and natural illuminance level of 1220

lux. Based on the standards stated in MS 1525, the space is bright lit by daylight as both figure

exceeds the required figure. For instance, the bright daylight factor range from 3% - 6% and the

suggested light level for reading space is 300 lux - 500 lux. Therefore, design strategies are require

to reduce sun exposure to prevent issues of discomfort like glares and thermal discomfort.

3.3 Artificial light Analysis

Types of Fixture Recessed Downlight

Image of Fixture

Product Dimension (mm) 160mm x 160mm

Type of Luminous Neutral White



Artificial light Lux Contour Diagram

Figure 3.3.1 Artificial light contour diagram of Space B.

The lux contour diagram presents that the light fittings installed are able to illuminate the casual

reading space when daylight is not available as well as to provide an even distribution of light

throughout the working plane. However, corners of the room are relatively dark as compared to the

front and centre area of the space.

Luminous flux (lumen) 1000 lumen

Power (Watt) 14.2W

Color Temperature (Kelvin) 3500

Color Rendering Index (CRI) 80

Average life rate (hours) 50000

Type of Light Fixture J-Box LED

Luminous flux of Lighting, F (lumen) 1100



3.4 PSALI Scheme

Figure 3.4.1 Lighting layout arranged to incorporate with daylight utilisation.

Figure 3.4.2 Section showing the lighting layout of artificial lighting system.



The artificial lighting introduced to enhance the illumination of chosen space when natural lighting

is not sufficient to cater with requirement as per listed in MS 1525. The total of 20 light fittings are

controlled by a one-way-two-gang switch, and two single switches. During the brightest portion of

the day, daylight factor at its highest, only row B needs to be switched on. The series of row C can

be turned on in place of row B to increase the illuminance level of space. Row A and D all only be

switch on when daylight factor is at its lowest, at night or during the dark days.

Design Strategies

Figure 3.4.3 Front facade of building with indication of material used.

To reduce possibility of issues like thermal discomfort and glares, louvers and double glazing low-E

glass panels have been applied to the front facade exposed to daylight. The floor platforms have

been set back by 1000mm to form a buffer some to allow natural ventilation to eliminate heat gain

by building facade. Double skin facade fired was also able to improve the comfort ambience of

space as well as reduce consumption of energy.



CHAPTER 4.0 REFERENCES

1. Philips SlimSurface Dimmable 14.2W 3000K 6" LED Downlight | S6S830K10. (n.d.).

Retrieved July 16, 2017, from http://www.bulbs.com/product/S6S830K10

2. F., H., P., S., S., P., . . . F. (2017, May 16). Globe Electric 1-Light Vintage Edison Matte Black

Mini Pendant-64906. Retrieved July 16, 2017, from http://www.homedepot.com/p/Globe-

Electric-1-Light-Vintage-Edison-Matte-Black-Mini-Pendant-64906/205320312

3. Maxlite Dimmable 11W 4000K A19 LED Bulb, GU24 Base | 11A19GUDLED40/G4. (n.d.).

Retrieved July 16, 2017, from http://www.bulbs.com/product/11A19GUDLED40-G4

4. Passionate About Sound - Healthcare. (n.d.). Retrieved July 16, 2017, from https://

www.armstrongceilings.com/commercial/en-us/commercial-ceilings-walls/woodworks-

concealed-ceiling-tiles.html

5. Ceiling Wall System . (n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2017, from http://www.armstrong.com/assets/

global/commclgeu/files/Literature/1709.PDF


http://www.bulbs.com/product/S6S830K10

http://www.homedepot.com/p/Globe-Electric-1-Light-Vintage-Edison-Matte-Black-Mini-Pendant-64906/205320312

http://www.bulbs.com/product/11A19GUDLED40-G4

https://www.armstrongceilings.com/commercial/en-us/commercial-ceilings-walls/woodworks-concealed-ceiling-tiles.html

degree sem 5 building science project 2 integration project

Education