““Between the Between the Wars”Wars”

Depression, Fascism, Depression, Fascism, Mussolini, & Hitler.Mussolini, & Hitler.

You are one crazy FASCIST DUDE!!!

Wait and see

““Treaty of Versailles”Treaty of Versailles”

• How did the supposed “peace” at How did the supposed “peace” at Versailles start the ball rolling Versailles start the ball rolling towards a second world war?towards a second world war?

– Brainstorm with someone next to you Brainstorm with someone next to you for the next minute.for the next minute.

Harsh Provisions for Harsh Provisions for GermanyGermany

• Territorial LossesTerritorial Losses– Land taken away to create Poland. Alsace and Lorraine Land taken away to create Poland. Alsace and Lorraine

given back to France (mineral rich land), Germany lost given back to France (mineral rich land), Germany lost overseas colonies.overseas colonies.

• Military RestrictionsMilitary Restrictions– Germany’s army and navy are limited. Germany had to Germany’s army and navy are limited. Germany had to

remove troops from Rhineland and industrial areas next remove troops from Rhineland and industrial areas next to France.to France.

• War GuiltWar Guilt– Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war and Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war and

pay for war damages. pay for war damages. CAUSES EXTREME BITTERNESS IN CAUSES EXTREME BITTERNESS IN GERMANY.GERMANY.

League of NationsLeague of Nations

• The forerunner to the The forerunner to the United Nations, the United Nations, the League of Nations was a League of Nations was a great idea to make great idea to make peace at the table peace at the table instead of the instead of the battlefield, but it battlefield, but it remained weak because remained weak because the United States the United States refused to join.refused to join.

Unfulfilled National Unfulfilled National GoalsGoals

• Many nations were dissatisfied with Many nations were dissatisfied with the results of World War I. Various the results of World War I. Various groups felt that their goals had not groups felt that their goals had not

been achieved.been achieved.

• Germany was horrified by the terms of the Germany was horrified by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.Treaty of Versailles.

• Italy hoped to gain more land than it Italy hoped to gain more land than it received. It had made a secret treaty with received. It had made a secret treaty with the Allies that was not fulfilled.the Allies that was not fulfilled.

• Japan was angry because the Allies did not Japan was angry because the Allies did not recognize its claims in China.recognize its claims in China.

• China was angry that Japan had been given China was angry that Japan had been given control over former German possessions in China.control over former German possessions in China.

• Russia was angry over the reestablishment of Russia was angry over the reestablishment of Poland and the creation of independent Estonia, Poland and the creation of independent Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania on lands that had been part Latvia, and Lithuania on lands that had been part of the Russian Empire.of the Russian Empire.

Worldwide Worldwide DepressionDepression

• Economic problems emerged Economic problems emerged in Europe.in Europe.

• Soldiers were jobless.Soldiers were jobless.

• Nations had debt to pay and Nations had debt to pay and cities to rebuild.cities to rebuild.

• It was a shaky recovery for It was a shaky recovery for Europe.Europe.

• The US was booming though.The US was booming though.

• Large investments in Europe Large investments in Europe helped the US prosper.helped the US prosper.

• Then…Then…

Causes of the Global Causes of the Global DepressionDepression

• Less Demand for Raw MaterialsLess Demand for Raw Materials– The war had increased the demand for raw materials. The war had increased the demand for raw materials.

Demand lessened after the war, and prices fell.Demand lessened after the war, and prices fell.– Farmers, miners, herders, and other suppliers of raw Farmers, miners, herders, and other suppliers of raw

materials suffered economic loss.materials suffered economic loss.

• Overproduction of Manufactured GoodsOverproduction of Manufactured Goods– Prices of manufactured goods kept increasing, while those Prices of manufactured goods kept increasing, while those

that were suffering could not afford the goods.that were suffering could not afford the goods.

• The Stock Market CrashThe Stock Market Crash– Many investors bought stock on credit. Bankers began to Many investors bought stock on credit. Bankers began to

call in those loans in 1929, which they could not collect. call in those loans in 1929, which they could not collect. PANIC FOLLOWED and investors rapidly sold their stock.PANIC FOLLOWED and investors rapidly sold their stock.

Impacts of DepressionImpacts of Depression

• Over 5000 banks in the US alone closed down.Over 5000 banks in the US alone closed down.• Millions were out of work.Millions were out of work.• Global trade declined.Global trade declined.• Because the US Stock Market fell, all other Because the US Stock Market fell, all other

markets began to crash.markets began to crash.• People began to lose faith in Capitalism and People began to lose faith in Capitalism and

Democracy.Democracy.• New ideologies began to arise.New ideologies began to arise.• STRONG LEADERS SUPPORTED INTENSE STRONG LEADERS SUPPORTED INTENSE

NATIONALISM, MILITARISM, AND A RETURN NATIONALISM, MILITARISM, AND A RETURN TO AUTHORITARIAN RULE.TO AUTHORITARIAN RULE.

““The Rise of Fascism”The Rise of Fascism”

Italy is mine!!!

Down with the Weimer Republic!!!

FASCISM

Censorship & Gov’t

control of news Extreme

Nationalism

State control of economy

Strict discipline

Rule by Dictator

Blind loyalty to leader

Use of violence and

terror

Strong Military

Common Ideals of Common Ideals of FascismFascism

• FascismFascism is the rule of a people by is the rule of a people by dictatorial government that is dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic. nationalistic and imperialistic.

• Fascist governments are also anti-Fascist governments are also anti-communist. communist.

• Fascism emerges in both Italy and Fascism emerges in both Italy and Germany after WWI.Germany after WWI.

Mussolini in ItalyMussolini in Italy

• Mussolini took advantage of the Italian Mussolini took advantage of the Italian troubles after WWI. (loss of land, troubles after WWI. (loss of land, unemployment.unemployment.

• Called his group the Fascists and promised Called his group the Fascists and promised to end unemployment and gain more land.to end unemployment and gain more land.

• Vowed to put an end to all civil unrest.Vowed to put an end to all civil unrest.

• 1922, Fascists used terror to 1922, Fascists used terror to endend free free elections, free speech, and free press.elections, free speech, and free press.

• Killed and jailed enemies.Killed and jailed enemies.

• Italians put the goals of the state over Italians put the goals of the state over individual goals.individual goals.

Hitler in GermanyHitler in Germany

NAZI Rise to PowerNAZI Rise to Power

World War I

German War Debt.

Loss of Colonies

Wish for revenge.

Weak Gov’t

Doubts about Weimer Rep.

Political Quarrels.

Wish for strong leader.

Economic Problems.Inflation.

Worldwide Depression

No Jobs!!!

Leadership

Use of terror and force

Idea of Superior Race.

Blame of Minority Groups.

Hitler as Germany’s Hitler as Germany’s LeaderLeader

• The Third Reich (empire) was a totalitarian The Third Reich (empire) was a totalitarian state.state.

• German standard of living rose.German standard of living rose.• Rebuilding of army violates Versailles Rebuilding of army violates Versailles

treaty.treaty.• Began a policy of blaming minority groups, Began a policy of blaming minority groups,

especially Jews.especially Jews.• Most people looked away from Hitler’s Most people looked away from Hitler’s

policies because they were finally moving policies because they were finally moving away from the depression.away from the depression.

““The Final Solution”The Final Solution”

WARING… The WARING… The following slides may be following slides may be

graphicgraphic

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

• Hitler’s goal was to Hitler’s goal was to create a living space create a living space for all Germans, who for all Germans, who he considered the he considered the “superior race.”“superior race.”

• He planned to destroy He planned to destroy all he considered all he considered “inferior,” that being “inferior,” that being the Jews and other the Jews and other minority groups.minority groups.

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

• Hitler’s attempt at Hitler’s attempt at destroying an entire destroying an entire race is known as race is known as GenocideGenocide..

• Placing Jews in Placing Jews in concentration/death concentration/death camps forced the camps forced the death of over 6 million death of over 6 million Jews over the duration Jews over the duration of WWII.of WWII.