The Rise of Fascism & Nazism

Mussolini in Italy

&

Hitler in Germany

Standard 10.7.3

• Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.

After World War I, people everywhere questioned old ideas about religion, leadership, and even

science.

Men like Sigmund Freud developed new ideas about what motivated people.

Albert Einstein develops the Theory of Relativity which upsets scientific beliefs held since

Isaac Newton.

1. A Culture in ConflictA. new ideas and science changed

ideas about the world i. atomic theoryii. theory of relativityiii.psychoanalysis

1. A Culture in ConflictA. new ideas and science changed

ideas about the world i. atomic theoryii. theory of relativityiii.psychoanalysis

B. new literature and the arts lead to a sense of uncertainty

After women won the right to vote in Russia, western nations that claimed to be democratic

finally were forced to give women the vote.

1. A Culture in ConflictA. new ideas and science changed ideas about

the world i. atomic theoryii. theory of relativityiii.psychoanalysis

B. new trends in literature and the arts contributed to a sense of uncertainty

C. women made progress in education and politics but still lagged behind men in career opportunities and pay

International Relations

The War to End All Wars ended on November

11, 1918

Europe was left to wonder what had happened…

Over 65 million men were mobilized…

There were 37,500,000 casualties…

Over 8,500,000 men died

Over 21 million men

returned injured

The war cost over $31,000,000,000

someone had to pay…the question was who…

Futility

Nihilism

Despair

Distrust of government

Hopelessness

Anger

Atheism

Leadership failure

Suicide

Frustration NEVER AGAIN

2. The Western DemocraciesA. after World War I diplomats worked

hard to make:i. treaties that ended war

After World War I, President Woodrow Wilson proposed the 14 Points for peace.

One of Wilson’s ideas was to create a

League of Nations.

The League excluded Germany and Russia.

Most importantly, Americans did not seem sure that the League was a good

idea.

The League of Nations

The U.S. Senate decided to reject Wilson’s plans

for the League.

The USA never joined…

2. The Western DemocraciesA. after World War I diplomats worked

hard to make:i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of

Nations

2. The Western DemocraciesA. after World War I diplomats worked

hard to make:i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of

NationsB. leading democratic powers faced

difficult political and economic challenges at home and abroad

2. The Western DemocraciesA. after World War I diplomats worked hard to

make:i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of Nations

B. leading democratic powers faced difficult political and economic challenges at home and abroad

C. the Great Depression created financial turmoil and widespread suffering throughout the industrialized world

Rise of Fascist Italy

Italians were furious that they were not given more land after World War I.

They also feared a Communist Revolution like Russia.

Many were attracted to the idea of a strong leader.

• preached extreme nationalism

• nations must struggle – peaceful nations were doomed

• no clearly defined program for improvement

• citizens lose individual rights

• state is supreme

3. Fascism in ItalyA. Benito Mussolini and his Fascist

Party took advantage of political and economic unrest to seize power in the 1920s.

3.Fascism in ItalyA. Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party

took advantage of political and economic unrest to seize power in the 1920s.

B. Fascism was rooted in extreme nationalism and glorified action, violence, discipline, and loyalty to the state.

C. As Il Duce, Mussolini established the first totalitarian state which served as a model for others.

Rise of Adolf Hitler

4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyA. Weimer Republic weakened by

disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles

4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyA. Weimer Republic weakened by

disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles

B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles

Hitler’s Rise to Dictator

• in 1933 Hitler became Chancellor of Germany (Weimer Republic)

• he did not have a majority

• he called for new elections

• six days before the elections, the Nazis burned down the Reichstag and blamed Communists

• Hitler won a small majority and declared a one-party state

4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyA. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity

and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles

B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles

C. Hitler and the Nazis used terror, repression, and one party rule to create a totalitarian society

4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyA. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and

inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles

B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles

C. Hitler and the Nazis used terror, repression, and one party rule to create a totalitarian society

D. Economic problems and ethnic tensions in Eastern Europe helped fascist dictators gain power there