objective: to examine the origins of wwii.€¦ · objective: to examine the origins of wwii. adolf...
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Objective: To examine the origins of WWII.
Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler
Fascism in Europe
• German
• Formed a totalitarian
government
• Invaded
Ethiopia in
1935.
• Italian
• Anger over the
Versailles treaty
• Blamed the Jews
for Germany’s
problems.
• Believed
Germans were
a superior
“Aryan” race.
• Used economic unrest and fears
of communism to gain support.
• Used nationalism to
gain support.
- FDR announced the
Good Neighbor Policy in
an attempt to improve U.S.
relations with Latin
America.
Depression Diplomacy
- Isolationists passed a
series of Neutrality Acts in
the 1930’s.
• warned U.S. citizens not
to travel on ships of
countries at war.
- These laws….
• banned arms sales or
loans to countries at war.
• Fascist dictator Benito
Mussolini seized power in
Italy in 1922.
Fascists in Italy
Benito Mussolini, 1936
- He controlled the press and
banned criticism of the
government.
- All political parties, except
the Fascist party, were
outlawed.
Mussolini’s policies:
Mussolini and Fascism (4:14)
* Promising Italians
greatness, Mussolini
invaded and
conquered Ethiopia
in 1935.
Hailie Selassie,
Emperor of Ethiopia
* The League of
Nations failed to help
Ethiopia.
ITALIAN INVASION OF
ETHIOPIA 1935 (3:59)
· In 1933, Hitler became
chancellor, or head of the
German government.
Nazi Germany
· Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party
preached racial and religious
hatred.
· Hitler claimed that Germans
were a part of a superior
“Aryan” race, and that Jews
were to blame for Germany’s
troubles.
Rise of the Nazis (4:15)
"If I can send the flower of the German
nation into the hell of war without the
smallest pity for the spilling of precious
German blood, then surely I have the
right to remove millions of an inferior
race that breeds like vermin."
- Adolf Hitler
swastika, Nazi party symbol
- He created a totalitarian state, in which the Nazi’s
controlled every aspect of German society.
- Hitler built up his armed forces, in violation of the Versailles
Treaty.
- Jews had their German citizenship taken away, they were
forbidden from using public facilities, and they were removed
from most types of work.
- Citizens must always obey the government, and the
government could not be criticized.
Hitler’s policies:
- Today his plan is referred to as the Holocaust.
- Thousands of Jews were sent to concentration camps.
- Eventually, Hitler planned on killing all of Europe’s Jews in
a plan he called the Final Solution.
Inside the Vaults - The Nuremberg Laws (3:47)
Soviet Union
• Millions of farmers that resisted were either killed or sent to labor camps.
• Farmers were forced to
give up their land and join
collective farms.
• Soviet leader Joseph Stalin
ordered his people to produce
more goods in order to
strengthen the country in
preparation for war.
Joseph Stalin (3:14)
Prisoners work at Belbaltlag, a Gulag camp for building the
White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal .
In the Stalin era, a person could be sent to the Gulag for up to
ten years for such petty theft.
In the Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work three times
could be sent to the Gulag for three years.
In the Stalin era, many were sent to the Gulag for up to 25
years for telling an innocent joke about a Communist Party
official.
Have you ever been late to work?
Have you ever told a joke about a government
official?
If your family was starving, would you take a few
potatoes left in a field after harvest?
Japan
• In 1931, Japan seized Manchuria, China, for its valuable coal and iron.
• Japan felt that they had the right to start an overseas empire, just as European countries such as Britain and France had.
Japanese troops marching in Manchuria, China (1931)
• The League of Nations failed to help China.
• In 1937, Japan began an all out attack on China, eventually
conquering Korea and French Indo-China as well.
· 1938 –
Germany
annexed Austria.
War in Europe
· 1936 – German
troops move into
the Rhineland,
bordering France
and Belgium.
* Both of these
actions violated
the Versailles
Treaty.
· 1938 – Germany claimed the Sudetenland, a part of
Czechoslovakia.
* Britain and France had signed treaties promising to protect
Czechoslovakia.
A Sudetenland woman weeps tears of joy when German
troops enter the territory.
Before signing the Munich agreement. From left to right:
Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini, Ciano
· Sept. 1938 – At the Munich Conference, Hitler invited the
leaders of Britain and France to Germany and assured them
that he wanted no more territory.
* Britain and France gave into Germany hoping that it would
avoid warfare. This was known as appeasement.
Soviet poster of the 1930's by Kukryniksy on the Munich agreement.
* However, in 1939,
Germany invaded the rest
of Czechoslovakia anyway!
Appeasement and
Czechoslovakia (8:04)
Image courtesy of the Daily Californian
Stalin and Hitler
•1939 – In the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack one another.
• Stalin and Hitler also agreed to divide Poland and Eastern
Europe amongst themselves.
* Two days
later, Britain
and France
declared war
on Germany.
• September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland without
having to fear a Soviet attack.
• Meanwhile, the U.S. prepared for war by setting up the first
ever peacetime draft in U.S. history.
American Neutrality
• FDR changed the Neutrality Acts through a “cash and carry” plan, in which the U.S. sold arms to the Allies, but they had to carry them away on their own ships.
Arsenal of Democracy
• Lend-Lease Act (1941) – allowed sales or loans to “any
country whose defense the President deems vital to the
defense of the U.S.”
Warsaw 1945: Willys jeep
used by Polish Army as
part of US Lend-Lease
program.
• FDR called on all Americans to defend the “Four Freedoms” (freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear)
The Four Freedoms speech and transcript, January 6, 1941
* 1941 – Germany
launched a surprise attack
on the Soviet Union. The
U.S. decided to extend
Lend-Lease aid to the
Soviets as well.
Atlantic Charter – set up by FDR and British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill in 1941, establishing the goals for the end
of the war:
• to seek no territorial gain
from the war
• to support all peoples to
choose their own form of
government
• called for a “permanent
system of general security”,
such as the League of Nations