unit 17 awais
Post on 07-Apr-2018
229 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 1/37
SUBMITTED BY
AWAIS AMJAD
EDEXCEL LEVEL 7
EXTENDED DIPLOMA IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP SKILLS
SUBMITTED TO
MISS NEYSHA RAMJOHN
PROJECT ON
WIRELESS ELECTRICITY
WITRIC
WEST LONDON COLLEGE OF
BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 3/37
My final report on the project of WITRIC, which is submitted to West London College of Business
& Management Sciences, to fulfillment of the requirement for my course which is Post Graduate
Diploma in strategic management and leadership skills.
DEDICATION
To my parents whose unconditional love & support helped me in making this report.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 4/37
To my RESPECTFUL MADAM NEYSHA RAMJOHN for her cooperation and assistance.
To my siblings for their gentle encouragement & valuable support.
To my loving mother for supporting me throughout my tenure of learning as well as praying for my
success throughout my life and also in my future and her prayers today make me so proud.
To my dear father for supporting me financially all my life, fulfilling my basic necessaries as well as
luxuries of life. I am thankful to my parents for their support throughout my study career.
I also want to say thanks to all of my friends who motivate me in very tough time.
Today what I am, because of them.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praise and gratitude due to ALLAH ALMIGHTY who created man in His own image and
enjoyed upon him to travel on the earth and enter into a profound and analytical study of Universefor spiritual appreciation of ALLAH’S unity and His attribute as well as for harnessing the material
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 5/37
manifestation of the world to the mankind’s profitable utilization. In the first place, therefore we
express our utmost thanks to ALLAH.
I express my sincere gratitude to my respected madam MISS NEYSHA RAMJOHN who provided
me an opportunity to work on the entirely new project of WIRELESS ELECTRICITY who has
tirelessly purified her scholarly guidance and professional assistance in compiling this report.
In the end I would like to thank all the staff members of WLCB, who cooperated with me in every
tough time. They have provided me with valuable information which helped me a lot in completion
of this report. It was relatively a new phenomenon for me, but I am quite sure that I have learned a
lot from this project.
PREFACE
The pre-requisite of project report is to make the students of P.G.D, aware of the practical expertise
and to acquaint them with the real management process.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 7/37
METHODOLOGY
FINDINGS
DISCUSSIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS OF ALTERNATIVES
EFFECIENCY
WITRICS AT PRESENT
ADVANTAGES
MARKET PLAN
COSTING
MONITORING AND EVALUATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
APPLICATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Terms of reference
I have a vision to see my product successful and my company to reach the new heights in all over the
world. I have a strong believe that my concept of WITRIC is very much unique and will be
appraised. I also believe that my idea will be cost effective and efficient enough to help my company
to gain enough market share and to be a real threat to it’s competitors.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 8/37
ACTIVITY
OF
OPERATION
1 2 3 4 5 6
A Generate
the ideaB Develop the
hypothesisC Prepared
proposalD Develop and
hand over
questionnairesE Gather
quantitative
dateF Gather
qualitative
dataG Preparation
of final
project
HYPOTHESIS FOR THE PROJECT
My new concept for the production of WITRIC will be a revolutionary change in the market, it will be beneficial, cost effective and will reduce the wastage of an electricity and it will be helpful for the
winder electronics to capture the maximum share of the market in London.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 9/37
Introduction
Inthiseraofmodernization, electricityhasbecomethebasic neccessityoflife.Amomentwithout the use
ofelectricity makes yourthinkinggodry.The majorsourceofpredictableformofelectricity
isthroughwires. The continuous
researchanddevelopmenthasbroughtforwardamajorbreakthrough,which provides electricitywithout
themediumofwires.Thiswonderbabyiscalled WITRIC.
Therearecertainsmallbutveryusefuldiscoveriesmadeinhistory,whichchangedthe world forever,Newt
on’sgravitationallaw,Watt’ssteamengine,Thomson’sbulbandmanymore.But aregenerationoccurred
withtheinventionofElectromagneticWavesbyMaxwell.SirJagdish Chandra Boseeffectivelygenerate
delectromagneticwaveshavingwavelengthintherangeof5mmto25 mm. ThereafteranItalian scientist
named Marconi succeeded in transmitting electromagnetic waves upto a distance of severalmiles.And withthisthere starteda newera called WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 10/37
Today,aswecanseetheword‘wireless’iscommoninday–to – daylife.Wireless communication
hasmade the world smaller. Almost each and everything is
wirelessorcordless.Cordlessmouse,cordless keyboard, satellitecommunication,
mobiles,cordlessmicrophonesand headphones, wirelessinternetservicei.e.WI-FI, etc. Andthesehave
definitelyincreased the standard of living.
Analysis of existing situation or problem
In this time of modern era, electricity has the become the basic necessity of human life and a person
cannot think his life without a use of electric appliances. Electricity is used in each and every sector
such as industrial, transport, railway, communication and other different sectors. The conventional
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 11/37
use of electricity is only made probable through the usage of wires. Every electronic item which are
normally used for domestic or commercial purposes usually work with wires and these large number
of wires are very difficult to handle. Secondly, these wires are not very much efficient because
according to statistics wires are normally 70 – 75 percent efficient. However researchers in MIT
have invented a product of providing electricity without any use of wires.
Methodology
The method of my research will be a literature review, gathering information from the internet and
visiting websites of different electricity supplying companies. I will also likely to prepare a
questionnaire and distribute it among different persons to gather information that whether they would
like to introduce this kind of product in their life and further that information will be sent to myorganization so that they can further take a look on the feasibility of this product. I will also like to
contact with different researchers to gather information that whether this product will become a
reality. I will investigate different kind of experiments to check the validity of my concept.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 12/37
Findings
The following are the findings of my project:
Howit started
Thestorystartedlateonenightafewyearsago,withMITProfessorMarinSoljačićstandingin his pyjamas,st
aringathiscell phoneon thekitchen counter.Itwasprobably the sixthtime that month thathe was
awakenedbyhismobilephonebeepingtolethimknowthathehadforgottentochargeit. At thatmoment,itoccurredtohim:“Thereiselectricitywiredallthrough
thishouse,allthrough my office—
everywhere.Thisphoneshouldtakecareofitsowncharging!”Buttomakethispossible, one wouldhavetofi
ndawayto transferpower fromthe existingwired infrastructureto the cell phone—withoutwires.
Soljačićstartedthinkingofphysicalphenomenathatcouldmakethisdream areality.
CoupledResonatorswasfit for thesituation
To achieve wireless power transfer in a way that is practical and safe, one needs to use
a physicalphenomenonthatenablesthepowersourceandthedevice(inthiscase,themobile phone) toexcha
ngeenergy strongly, while interacting only weakly with living beings and other environmental
objects, likefurnitureand walls.Thephenomenonofcoupledresonatorsprecisely
fits thisdescription.Two
resonantobjectsofthesameresonantfrequencytendtoexchange energy efficiently,whileinteractingweak
lywithextraneousoff-resonant objects.
Achildonaswingisagoodexampleofaresonantsystem.Aswingexhibitsatypeof mechanical resonance,so
onlywhenthechildpumpsherlegsatthenaturalfrequencyoftheswingissheable toimpartsubstantial
energyintothemotionoftheswing.Anotherexampleinvolvesacoustic resonances: imaginearoomwith 10
0
identicalwineglasses,buteachfilledwithwineuptoadifferentlevel,sothateachresonatesat adifferentfreq
uency(thatis,theyeachemitadifferenttoneornotewhentapped,bya utensil,for example). Ifanopera
singerenters that room andsings a very loud single note,the glasshaving the corresponding
resonantfrequencycan accumulateenoughenergytoshatter,whiletheotherglasses areunaffected.
Strong CouplingCoupled resonators are said to operate in a strongly coupled regime if their energy transfer rate is
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 13/37
substantiallyhigherthantherateatwhichtheyloseenergyduetofactorssuchas materialabsorption and
radiation.Inthestronglycoupledregime,energytransfercan
beveryefficient. These considerationsareuniversal,applyingtoallkindsofresonances(e.g.,acoustic, m
echanical, electromagnetic,etc.). SoljačićandhiscolleaguesatMIT(KaralisandJoannopoulos)setout
toexploreand developthephysicaltheoryofhowtoenablestronglycoupledmagneticresonatorstotransf
er power overdistancesthatwouldenablethekindofwirelessdevicechargingthatSoljačićfirstimagined.
Once the physical theories were developed, Soljačićand his team (Kurs, Karalis,
Moffatt, Joannopoulos,
Fisher)setouttovalidatethemexperimentally.Thetheorywasdevelopedtocovera broad rangeofcoupled
resonatorsystems,buttheexperimentalworkfocusedonprovingthat magnetically coupledresonatorsco
uld
exchangeenergyinthemannerpredictedbythetheoryandrequiredfor the wirelesschargingordevices,suchascellphones.Theteam hasdiscoveredasystemoftwo electro-
magnetic resonatorscoupledthroughtheirmagneticfields.Theywereable to identify the strongly
coupled regime in thissystem,and showed that strong coupling could be achieved over distances
that greatly exceeded the size ofthe resonantobjectsthemselves. Theteamhad
proventhatinthisstrongly coupled regime,efficientwirelesspowertransfercouldbeenabled.
WITRIC Technology is Born
The experimental design consisted of two copper coils, each a self-resonant system. One of
thecoils,connected to an AC power supply, was the resonant source. The other coil, the resonant
capture device, was connected to a 60 watt light bulb. The power source and capture device were
suspended in mid- air with nylon thread, at distances that ranged from a few centimeters to over
2.5 meters (8.2 ft). Not only was the light bulb illuminated, but the theoretical predictions of
high efficiency over distance were proven experimentally.By placing various objects between
the source and capture device, the team demonstrated how the magnetic near field can
transfer power through certain materials and around metallic obstacles.
Thus Prof.Soljačić’s dream of finding a method to wirelessly connect mobile electric devices
to the existing electric grid was realized. WITRIC Corp. was soon launched to carry this
technology forward from the MIT laboratories to commercial production.
WITRIC technology is used for transferring electric energy or power over distance without the
hazardous use of wires. This product can only be possible with the basics of electricity and
magnetism, and work our way up to the WITRIC technology.
Electricity: The flow of electrons (current) through a conductor (like a wire), or charges
through the atmosphere (like lightning). A convenient way for energy to get from one place toanother!
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 14/37
Magnetism: A fundamental force of nature, which causes certain types of materials to attract or
repel each other. Permanent magnets, like the ones on your refrigerator and the earth’s magnetic
field, are examples of objects having constant magnetic fields.
Oscillating magnetic fields vary with time, and can be generated by alternating current (AC)
flowing on a wire. The strength, direction, and extent of magnetic fields are often represented
and visualized by drawings of the magnetic field lines.
Electromagnetism: A term for the interdependence of time-varying electric and magnetic
fields. For example, it turns out that an oscillating magnetic field produces an electric field and an
oscillating electric field produces a magnetic field.
Magnetic Induction: A loop or coil of conductive material like copper, carrying an alternating
current (AC), is a very efficient structure for generating or capturing a magnetic field.
If a conductive loop is connected to an AC power source, it will generate an oscillating magneticfield in the vicinity of the loop. A second conducting loop, brought close enough to the
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 15/37
first, may “capture” some portion of that oscillating magnetic field,
which in turn, generates or induces an electric current in the second coil. The current generated in
the second coil may be used to power devices. This type of electrical power transfer from one
loop or coil to another is well known and referred to as magnetic induction. Some common
examples of devices based on magnetic induction are electric transformers and electric generators.
Energy/Power Coupling: Energy coupling occurs when anenergy source has a means of
transferring energy to anotherobject. One simple example is a locomotive pulling a train car—
the mechanical coupling between the two enables the locomotive to pull the train, and
overcome the forces of friction and inertia that keep the train still—and, the train moves.
Magnetic coupling occurs when the magnetic field of one object interacts with a second object and
induces an electric currentin or on that object. In this way, electric energy can be transferred
from a power source to a powered device. In contrast to the example of mechanical couplinggiven for the train, magnetic coupling does not require any physical contact
between the object generating the energy and the object
receiving or capturing that energy.
Resonance
Resonance is a property that exists in many different physical systems. It can be thought of as
the natural frequency at which energy can most efficiently be added to an oscillating system. A
playground swing is an example of an oscillating system involving potential energy and kinetic
energy. The child swings back and forth at a rate that is determined by the length of the swing.
The child can make the swing go higher if she properly coordinates her arm and leg action with
the motion of the swing. The swing is oscillating at its resonant frequency and the simple
movements of the child efficiently transfer energy to the system. Another example of resonance isthe way in which a singer can shatter a wine glass by singing a single loud, clear note.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 16/37
In this example, the wine glass is the resonant oscillating system. Sound waves traveling through
the air are captured by the glass, and the sound energy is converted to mechanical vibrations of
the glass itself. When the singer hits the note that matches the resonant frequency of the glass,
the glass absorbs energy, begins vibrating, and can eventually even shatter. The resonant frequency
of the glass depends on the size, shape, thickness of the glass, and how much wine is in it.
Resonant Magnetic Coupling: Magnetic coupling occurs when two objects exchange energy
through their varying or oscillating magnetic fields. Resonant coupling occurs when the natural
frequencies of the two objects are approximately the same.
WITRIC Technology: WITRIC power sources and capture devices are specially designed
magnetic resonators that efficiently transfer power over large distances via the magnetic near-
field. These proprietary source and device designs and the electronic systems that control themsupport efficient energy transfer over distances that are many times the size of the sources/devices
themselves.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 17/37
DISCUSSIONS AND CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES
WITRIC technology is different than…
Traditional Magnetic Induction
At first glance, WITRIC technology for power transfer appears to be traditional magnetic
induction, such as is used in power transformers, where conductive coils transmit power to each
other wirelessly, over very short distances. In a transformer, an electric current running in a sending
coil (or “primary winding”) induces another current in a receiving coil (or “secondary
winding”). The two coils must be very close together, and may even overlap, but the coils donot make direct electrical contact with each other. However, the efficiency of the power
exchange in traditional magnetic induction systems drops by orders of magnitude when
thedistance between the coils becomes larger than their sizes. In addition to electric
transformers, other devices based on traditional magnetic induction include rechargeable
electric toothbrushes, and inductive “charging pads” which require that the object being charged
be placed directly on top of, or very close to, the base or pad supplying the power.The power
exchange efficiency of some induction systems is improved by utilizing resonant circuits. These
so-called resonantly enhanced induction techniques are used in certain medical implants and high-
frequency RFIDs for example. However, to the best of our knowledge, WITRIC founding technical
team was the first to discover that by specially designing the magnetic resonators, one could
achieve strong coupling and highly efficient energy exchange over distances much larger than the
size of the resonator coils, distances very large compared to traditional schemes.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 18/37
WITRIC technology is different than…
Radiative Power Transfer
WITRIC technology for power transfer is non-radiative and relies on near-field magnetic
coupling. Many other techniques for wireless power transfer rely on radiative techniques, either
broadcasted or narrow beam (directed radiation) transmission of radio, or light waves. Broadcasted
radiation of radio frequency energy is commonly used for wireless information transfer because
information can be transmitted over a wide area to multiple users. The power received by each
radio or wireless receiver is miniscule, and must external power supply. Because the vast majority
of radiated power be amplified in a receiving unit using an external power supply.
Because the vast majority of radiated power is wasted into free space, radio transmission is
considered to be an inefficient means of power transfer. that while more energy can be supplied to
the receiver by “cranking up the power” of the transmitters in these systems, such high power levels may pose a safety hazard and may interfere with other radio frequency devices.
“Directed radiation”, using highly directional antennas, is another means of using radio
transmission to beam energy from a source to a receiver. However, directed radiation—in
particular microwave radiation—may interact strongly with living organisms and certain
metallic objects. Such energy transfer methods may pose safety hazards to people or objects
that obstruct the line-of-sight between the transmitter and receiver.
These limitations make directed radio transmission impractical for delivering substantial levels
of wireless power in a typical consumer, commercial, or industrial application. In fact, defense
researchers are exploring the use of directed energy systems to deliver lethal doses of power
to targets in space and on the battlefield. In addition to radio waves, visible and invisible light
waves can also be used to transfer energy. The sun is an excellent radiative source of light
energy, and industry and academia are working hard to develop photovoltaic technologies to
convert sunlight to electrical energy. A laser beam is a form of directed light adiation, in
which visible or invisible light waves may be formed into a collimated beam, delivering energy in a
targeted way. However, as in the case of directed radio waves, safe and efficient transmission of
laser power requires a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver. As mentioned at the
beginning of this section, WITRIC technology is based on non-radiative energy transfer. It
does not require a clear line of sight between the power sources and capture devices and it is safe for
use in typical home, hospital, office, or industrial environments.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 19/37
WITRIC technology is different than…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)
MRI machines use “magnetic resonance imaging” to produce diagnostic images of soft tissue.
Many people assume that WITRIC “Resonant Magnetic Coupling”must be similar to magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) technology however, the technologies are similar in name only. MRI
is, as its name suggests, a technology for using magnetism as a basis for diagnostic imaging
of soft tissue in the human body. It utilizes a strong DC magnet to orient the magnetic fields
of atoms within tissues, and radio frequency fields to manipulate those atoms in a selective way,
so that tissues and structures can be imaged clearly The “resonance” referred to in “MRI” refersto the resonance atomic structures. MRI is not considered to be a method for wireless power
transfer.
WITRIC technology is different than…
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 20/37
Tesla’s Vision of a Wireless World
In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, at the dawn of the electrification of the modern world,
some scientists and engineers believed that using wires to transfer electricity from every place it
was generated to every place that it could be used would be too expensive to be practical. NikolaTesla, one of the most well known of these scientists,had a vision for a wireless world in which
wireless electric power and communications would reach around the world, delivering information
and power to ships at sea, factories, and every home on the planet. Tesla donated significantly to our
understanding of electricity and electrical systems and is credited with inventing three-phase AC
power systems, induction motors, fluorescent lamps, radio transmission, and various modes of
wireless electric power transfer. WITRIC technology for power transfer is different than the
technologies proposed by Tesla, but his work is referenced and acknowledged in the scientific
articles published by WITRIC founding technical team.
EFFICIENCY OF WITRIC
• In order for the power transfer to be efficient, we design the system such that the rate of energytransfer between the emitter and the receiver is greater than the rate of energy dissipation.
• This way the device can capture the energy and use it for useful work before too much of it get
wasted away.• Greater is the coupling factor(k/T) greater is the efficiency
“Strong Coupling” ⇒ efficient transfer
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 21/37
• Then the efficiency can also be calculated
Is it practical and is it safe?• WITRIC demonstration is still too recent, and too focused, to produce any definite conclusions.• With the WITRIC method ,they anticipate transmitting power over distances about a meter, which is
much less than ideal but still very impressive.• If the technology is improved and honed to a point where it can be “productized", it stands to turn
any number of industries on their respective ears.• The MIT team said its discovery is different from all previous effort because it uses “magnetically
coupled resonance", which means it will not only be safe but it will be fairly efficient.
WITRIC AT PRESENT
In 2006 MIT researchers discovered a new method to provide electricity to remote objects without
wires. Wiricity is based on coupled resonant objects. In 2007 researchers implemented a prototype
using self resonant coils. In first trial they demonstrated efficient non-radiative power transfer over
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 22/37
distance up to eight times the radius of the coils. This experiment was done using two copper coils.
Each coil act as self resonant system. One of the coils is attached to the electricity source. Instead of
exposing the environment with electromagnetic waves, it fills the space with a non-radiative
magnetic field oscillating at MHz frequencies. The non-radiative field mediates the power exchange
with the other coil, which is specially designed to resonate with the field. The resonant nature
ensures strong interaction between sending unit and receiving unit.
In the first experiment they successfully demonstrated the ability to power a 60W light bulb from a
power source that was 2 meters away with 40% efficiency approximately. They used two
capacitively loaded copper coils of 51 cm in diameter designed to resonate in the MHz range. One
coil was connected to a power source, the other to a bulb. In this experiment the coils were designed
to resonate at 10MHz. The setup powered the bulb oh even when the coils were not in line of sight.
The bulb glowed even when wood, metal, and other devices were placed in between the coils.An effect of using thecapacitively-loaded loops and lowering the operating frequency on field
strengths and power levels.Capacitively loaded loops generate significantly lower electric fields in
the space surrounding the objects than self-resonant coils. The calculations to simulate a transfer of
60W across two identical capacitively-loaded loops similar in dimension to our self-resonant coils
(radius of loop 30cm, cross sectional radius of the conductor 3cm, and distance between the loops of
2m), and calculated the maximum values of the fields and Poynting Vector 20cm away from the
device loop.
Erms Hrms Srms Power Frequency(MHz) Efficiency {Vim) (A/m) (W/cm2) radiated(W)10 83% ' 185 21 0.08 3.31 60% 40 14 0.04 0.005At 10MHz, note the significant reduction in the electric field strength with respect to the self
resonant coils. Lowering the operating frequency down to 1MHz further reduces the electric field,
Poynting vector, and power radiated. At 1MHz, all our fields are below IEEE safety guidelines
(Erms =614V/m, Hrms = 16.3A/m and Srms = 0.1 W/cm2 at 1MHz)The figure given below shows the experimental setup. In which the transmitter and receiver coils are
separated at a distance of 2m. The bulb connected to receiver coils is glowed when supply is given to
transmitter coil as shown in figure. In the first figure transmitter and receiver coils are in direct line
of sight. If a wooden piece is placed in between transmitter and receiver coils then also power
transmission is possible.Theoretical-and experimental K, as a function of distance when one of the
coils is rotated by 45% with respect to coaxial alignment.
Component Description % Annual wastage in UK
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 23/37
efficiency billio
n
kWh
Millio
n
TOE
Million tonnes
carbon dioxide
Total
(electrical
total)
The total efficiency is low.
Notice that, for similar
percentage losses, the
actual losses get smaller
later on in the system. This
is because there is less
energy being transmitted at
the later stages.
28
(74)
930
340
79.9
(28.9)
474
(171)
Table 1. Losses in the electricity system. The unit tonne of oil equivalent (TOE) is auseful way of comparing energy use - relating it to fuels. 1 TOE equals 11,634
kilowatt–hours. In the UK, 1 kWh produces 0.51 Kg of carbon dioxide; this takes into
account the different ways in which electricity is generated (15% is generated without
producing any carbon dioxide).
This table shows the actual losses occurred in the process of distributing the electricity within united
kingdom. Thus it also shows the effectiveness of system which are being used in distributing
electricity.
This graph shows the domestic electricity consumption by the people of united kingdom from year 1998 to 2006.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 24/37
Advantages
HighlyResonant StrongCouplingProvidesHigh Efficiency OverDistance
WITRICmodeofwirelesspowertransferishighlyefficientoverdistancesrangingfrom centimeter
sto
severalmeters.Efficiencymaybedefinedastheamountofusableelectricalenergythatis available tothedev
icebeing powered,dividedby the amountofenergy thatisdrawnby the WITRIC source. In many
applications,efficiencycanexceed90%.AndWITRICsourcesonlytransferenergywhenit isneeded.Whe
n
aWITRICpowereddevicenolongerneedstocaptureadditionalenergy,the WITRIC powersourcewillauto
maticallyreduceits power consumptiontoapower saving“idle” state.
EnergyTransfervia Magnetic NearFieldCanPenetrateandWrap Around Obstacle
Themagneticnearfieldhasseveralpropertiesthatmakeitanexcellentmeansoftransferring energyin
atypicalconsumer,commercial,orindustrialenvironment.Mostcommonbuildingand furnishing materials,
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 25/37
suchaswood,gypsumwallboard,plastics,textiles,glass,brick,andconcreteare essentially “transparent”t
omagneticfields—enablingWITRICtechnologytoefficientlytransferpower through them.
Inaddition,the
magneticnearfieldhastheabilityto“wraparound”manymetallicobstacles that mightotherwiseblockthem
agneticfields.
WITRICapplicationsengineeringteamwillworkwith you toaddressthematerialsandenvironmentalfacto
rs that mayinfluencewirelessenergytransfer in yourapplication.
Non-RadiativeEnergyTransferisSafeforPeople andAnimals
WITRICtechnologyisanon-
radiativemodeofenergytransfer,relyinginsteadonthemagnetic near field.Magneticfieldsinteractveryw
eaklywithbiologicalorganisms—peopleandanimals—and are scientifically regardedto besafe.Professor SirJohn PendryofImperialCollegeLondon,a world renowned physicist,explains:
“Thebodyreallyrespondsstronglytoelectricfields,whichiswhy you cancookachickeninamicrowave.
Butitdoesn'trespondtomagneticfields.Asfarasweknow the bodyhasalmostzeroresponsetomagneticfiel
dsintermsoftheamountofpoweritabsorbs."
Evidence ofthesafetyofmagneticfieldsisillustratedbythewidespreadacceptanceandsafetyof household
magneticinduction cooktops.
ThroughproprietarydesignoftheWITRICsource,electricfieldsarealmostcompletelycontained
within the source. This design results in levels of electric and magnetic fields which fall well
within regulatory
guidelines.ThusWITRICtechnologydoesn’tgiverisetoradiofrequencyemissions that interferewithothe
relectronicdevices,and isnota sourceofelectricandmagnetic field levels that pose arisk
topeopleoranimals.
LimitsforhumanexposuretomagneticfieldsaresetbyregulatorybodiessuchastheFCC,ICNIRP, and areb
ased onbroad scientific and medical consensus. WITRICtechnologyis being developed
tobe fullycompliantwithapplicableregulationsregardingmagneticfieldsandelectromagnetic radiation.
ScalableDesign EnablesSolutionsfrom milliwatts toKilowatts
WITRICsystemscanbedesignedtohandleabroadrangeofpowerlevels.Thebenefitsof highly efficientene
rgytransferoverdistancecanbeachievedatpowerlevelsrangingfrommilliwatts toseveral kilowatts.Thise
nablesWITRICtechnologytobeusedinapplicationsasdiverseas poweringa wirelessmouseorkeyboard(
milliwatts)torecharginganelectricpassengervehicle (kilowatts). WITRICtechnologyoperatesina“load
following”mode, transferringonlyasmuchenergyas thepowered device requires.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 26/37
FlexibleGeometry AllowsWITRICDevicestobe EmbeddedInto OEM Products
WITRICtechnologyisbeingdesignedsothatitcanbeeasilyembeddedintoawidevarietyof products and
systems.Thephysicsofresonant
magneticcouplingenablesWITRICengineerstodesign power sourcesand devices ofvarying shapes
and sizes,to match both the packaging requirements and the power transfer
requirementsinagivenOEMapplication.WITRIChasdesignedpowercapture devices compactenoughto
fitintoacell phone.
BUSINESS PLAN
The following are the business plan of WITRICITY
MARKETING PERSPECTIVE
Economic AttractivenessThe opportunity in the field of wireless power transfer has arisen at an economically practical time.
The technical research requires minimal cost, so the majority of funding would be needed for
internal employee and corporate costs. With the economy in a state of recovery, businesses all over
the world will be looking to reduce funds, and at the same time convince customers to spend money
on exciting new products. Wireless power will deliver both by diminishing infrastructure costs of
wiring, and attracting technology enthusiasts.
Competitor DifferentiationIn the emerging market of wireless power transfer, early movers have already begun releasing
products. However, the currently available products are highly inefficient, of little value to the
customer, and very expensive. Nonetheless, our preliminary efforts to stay ahead of our competition
will be to integrate the technology into existing devices that already experience high sales such as
cell-phones, laptop computers, and common household furniture.
Targeted Customer Segment and Addressable MarketThere will be two types of target customers for our venture. As an emerging technology, the first
customer type will be our ideal partners of home retail and consumer electronic firms, such as IKEA,Motorola, and Philips Electronics.This success will depend on our second type of targeted
customers: young electronic consumers in urban settings.
Opportunity for Growth and Market StabilityA critical aspect to the success of our venture is the widespread acceptance of wireless power
transfer technology. Our venture intends to focus on the two previously described well defined
industries in order to improve confidence in the emerging technology. Competing wireless power
companies have already begun advertising their products on commercials, but our marketing team
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 27/37
will have the important task to convince everyone that our product transmits more power over long
distances than our competitors.
Sales and Marketing Plan
Personal Success Coincides with Industry SuccessIn order for WITRICITY to enjoy success, the entire industry of wireless power must establish its
place over wired devices. To achieve industry success cohesively with our own success, an effective
marketing approach must be employed. Our marketing team will translate these intentions into a
strategy by impressing the fact that WITRICITY provides a new generation of powering devices,
wire-free, which minimizes home and business energy costs while eliminating the carbon footprint
associated with manufacturing copper wire. Our customer relationships will be developed primarily
through our customer service abilities.
EcommerceSince our initial venture’s sales will involve partnerships with existing firms, online transactions will
not be a significant contributor to our success. However, the ideal partnering firms including IKEA
and Philips Electronics are hugely dependent on E-commerce. Therefore, as customers browse their
websites and notice these wireless power-integrated products.
Sales CycleOur venture will have a relatively long sales cycle. Therefore, our venture has decided to target
consumers of household appliances and electronic devices from established firms. This will provide
us with accurate assumptions about the amount of sales based on different items.
Marketing provides the means by which the organisation or business projects itself to its audience,
and also how it behaves and interacts in its market. It is needed therefore that the organisation's
philosophy and values are referenced and reinforced by every aspect of marketing
In this plan I am going to write that how will I market my product. To market the product I will go
through several methods. These are following.
1) Advertisement
– Ad in News paper
– Brochures
– Pamphlets
– Cine boards
– Promotional campaigns
– Exhibition in community centers
1) Franchise:
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 28/37
Franchise is one of the best ways to market a product. I will ask my company to open franchises
specially in develop countries just like Apple, Nokia etc. in order to give a live demonstration of my
product. It works just like an outlet of a business and will promote WITRIC as well.
2) seminars
Creating an informative seminar and inviting your target audience is an excellent way to educate the
market and promote your company and proposition. This technique works especially well in the
business-to-business market, and where educating customers is appropriate, for instance if marketing
a new technology or service to architects and specifiers. It is possible to have certain types of
seminars accredited for CPD (Continuous Professional Development) by professional institutes,
which provides an extra incentive for prospective customers to attend.
3) open days and exhibitions
The advantage of personal contact is that you actually get to talk to your potential customers, which
dramatically increases the chances of getting your message across. But there is a limit to how many
people you can target and access using these methods. Costs of preparation and organisation can be
big, and are rarely transparent at the outset so beware.Events of this nature do nevertheless offer
good possibilities for follow-up PR activity, which can contribute greatly to building a customer-
friendly image.
HUMAN RESOURCE PERSPECTIVE
Attracting an Innovative and Experienced TeamOur venture will primarily focus on attracting three genres of talent: graduate engineers, senior
engineers, and salesmen.we plan to recruit an engineering-aware sales team. Much like venture
capitalists, a salesman will be very excited about opportunities in wireless power once they become
aware of its profitability.Finally, engineers will also work to develop the best customer service
approach for a new technology. These processes summarize the operations, tasks, and functions
required to support our startup areas of emphasis.
A Candid Culture among Engineers and SalesmenA critical aspect to achieving success in any market is developing a respected culture within a
business.Being honest and straightforward in both criticism and reward among our colleagues and
competitors will be critical to surviving the startup phase and will provide a solid foundation for the
culture of our firm moving forward.
Innovating for the Certain and Unpredictable Futures
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 29/37
The success of the entire industry of wireless power will be dependent on its ability to adapt to
changes. The reason why wireless power currently targets low-power electronic devices is because
there are higher losses associated with high-power devices. Therefore, our engineers will work on
market-dependent applications for wireless power, as well as improving the efficiency over distance
of the current wireless systems in order to maintain competitive advantage in terms of knowledge,
shares, and economic strategies.
FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVEPreliminary Financial Model
we hope to sell products to one customer at a time, but we believe that the entire industry of wireless
power will need to become competitive with wired devices before individual sales strategies will be
profitable. During the early years of our firm, we don’t expect much profit because one of the goals
of our customer service department will be to provide free maintenance to our products. This may
not be the most economical choice for the short term; however, if it will boost our current and future
customers’ confidence in wireless power applications, then it will be worth it for future profits. Once
established, we will find profit in add-ons to improve efficiency over a distance.
Initial Revenue Assumptions
The initial revenue assumptions are based on average process of electronic products. Each year, we
expect the sales of wireless power products to increase as well as our competition. To maintain our
competitive advantage, the average prices our partners are expected to charge for all the wireless power-integrated products will decrease by approximately 15% from the price of the product in the
first year.
Initial Cost AssumptionsThe initial cost assumptions are dominated by the approximated number of employees and their
corresponding salaries. Our team will be very small during the first year, and will be dominated by
engineers because the critical focus will be developing a product that can be integrated into
successful product lines.
Initial Unit Sales AssumptionsWe have specified the starting unit sales to begin at 200 units sold six months into our first year. The
expected growth rate of sales is 10% for the first year, 15% for the second year, and 20% for the
third year, and then the growth rate may balance at this 20% for the fourth year. The reason for this
is because once wireless power transfer technologies becomes integrated into common devices, the
potential for further implementation into society will increase significantly, so our expected growth
rate will increase year-to-year.
COSTING OF MY PRODUCT
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 30/37
The cost of my product will be estimated by evaluating different expenses which will be occurred on
my product. At first, there will be a research and development cost which would be normally higher
because large scale of experiments would be conducted. There would be a training cost for the
employees to let them know about a new revolutionary product. There will be a high advertisement
cost upfront because a new product has to be launched.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MY PRODUCT
Monitoring is the systematic collection and analysis of information as a project progresses. It is
aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a project or organisation. It is based on targets
set and activities planned during the planning phases of work. It helps to keep the work on track, and
can let management know when things are going wrong. If done properly, it is an invaluable tool for
good management, and it provides a useful base for evaluation. It enables you to determine whether the resources you have available are sufficient and are being well used, whether the capacity you
have is sufficient and appropriate, and whether you are doing what you planned to do.
Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans. It looks at
what you set out to do, at what you have accomplished, and how you accomplished it. What
monitoring and evaluation have in common is that they are geared towards learning from what you
are doing and how you are doing it, by focusing on:
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Impact
QUESTIONNAIRE
• WHETHER YOU LIKE A WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY?
YES
NO
MAYBE
• DO YOU USE LARGE AMOUNT OF WIRELESS PRODUCTS IN YOUR DAILY LIFE?
YES
NO
MAY BE
• DO YOU USE HIGHER NUMBER OF ELECTRICAL GOODS IN YOUR DAILY LIFE?YES
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 31/37
NO
MAY BE
• DO YOU WANT TO GET RID OF THE BUNDLE OF CABLES LYING IN YOUR
HOME OR WORKPACE?
YES
NO
MAY BE
• DO YOU WANT TO INSTALL A PRODUCT WHICH CAN TRANSFER ENERGY
WITHOUT WIRES IN YOUR HOUSE AND WORKPLACE?
YES
NO
MAY BE• DO YOU HAVE ANY ISSUES REGARDING THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY
WITHOUT WIRES?
YES
NO
MAY BE
QUESTION NUMBER RESPONSE OF GENERAL PUBLICYES NO MAY BE
1 67% 25% 8%2 35% 63% 2%3 90% 7% 3%4 70% 15% 15%5 65% 15% 20%6 64% 12% 24%
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 32/37
CONCLUSION
The transmission of power without wires is not a theory or a mere possibility, it is now a reality. The
electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance. Many
researchers have established in numerous observations, experiments and measurements, qualitative
and quantitative. Dr.N.Tesla is the pioneer of this invention. Wireless transmission of electricity have
tremendous merits like high transmission integrity and Low Loss (90 ± 97% efficient) and can be
transmitted to anywhere in the globe and eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital
intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations.WITRIC, if successful will definitely change the way we live. Imagine cellphones, laptops, digital
camera's getting self charged! Engineers have got job on hand to research and commercialize the
technology. Till then, it is a wait in anticipation.
WITRIC is only 40 to 45% efficient and according to Soljacic,they have to be twice as efficient
to compete with the traditional chemical batteries. The team's next aim is to get a robotic vacuum
or a laptop working, charging devices placed anywhere in the room and even robots on factory
floors. The researchers are also currently working on the health issues related to this concept
and have said that in another three to five years time, they will come up with a
WITRIC system for commercial use.
WITRIC, if successful will definitely change the way we live. Imagine cellphones, laptops, digital
camera's getting self charged! Wow! Let's hope the researchers will be able to come up with the
commercial system soon. Till then, we wait in anticipation!
Applications
WITRIC wireless power transfer technology can be applied in a wide variety of
applications andenvironments. The ability ofour technology to transfer power safely, efficiently,
and over distance can improve products by making them more convenient, reliable, and
environmentally friendly. WITRICtechnologycanbe usedto provide:
DirectWirelessPower —whenallthepoweradeviceneedsisprovidedwirelessly,and no
Batteriesarerequired.Thismodeisfora devicethatisalwaysused withinrangeof
itsWITRIC power source.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 33/37
AutomaticWirelessCharging —
whenadevicewithrechargeablebatterieschargesitself while stillinuseoratrest,withoutrequiringapowerc
ordorbatteryreplacement.Thismodeisfor amobiledevicethatmaybe
usedbothinandoutofrangeofitsWITRICpower
source. WITRICtechnologyisdesignedforOriginalEquipmentManufacturers(OEM’s)toembeddirectl
yin theirproductsand systems.
WITRICtechnologywillmake your products:
More Convenient:
Nomanualrechargingor changing batteries.
Eliminate unsightly,unwieldyandcostlypower cords.
More Reliable: Neverrunoutofbattery power.
Reduce product failure rates by fixing the ‘weakest link’: flexing wiring
and mechanicalinterconnects.
Consumer Electronics
Automatic wireless charging of mobile electronics (phones,laptops, game controllers, etc.) in
home, car, office, Wi-Fi hotspots while devices are in use and mobile.
Direct wireless powering of stationary devices (flat screen TV’s,digital picture frames, home
theater accessories, wireless loud speakers, etc.) … eliminating expensive custom wiring,
unsightly cables and “wall-wart” power supplies.
Direct wireless powering of desktop PC peripherals: wireless mouse, keyboard, printer,
speakers, display, etc… eliminating disposable batteries and awkward cabling.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 34/37
Industrial
Direct wireless power and communication interconnections across rotating and moving
“joints” (robots, packaging machinery, assembly machinery, machine tools) … eliminating
costly and failure-prone wiring.
Direct wireless power and communication interconnections at points of use in harsh environments
(drilling, mining, underwater, etc.) … where it is impractical or impossible to run wires.
Direct wireless power for wireless sensors and actuators, eliminating the need for expensive
power wiring or battery replacement and disposal.
Transportation
Automatic wireless charging for existing electric vehicle classes: golf carts, industrial vehicles.Automatic wireless charging for future hybrid and all-electric passenger and commercial vehicles,
at home, in parking garages, at fleet depots, and at remote kiosks.
Direct wireless power interconnections to replace costly vehicle wiring harnesses and slip rings.
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 35/37
Other Applications
Direct wireless power interconnections and automatic wireless charging for implantable
medical devices (ventricular assist devices, pacemaker, defibrilator, etc.).
Automatic wireless charging and for high tech military systems (battery powered mobile
devices, covert sensors, unmanned mobile robots and aircraft, etc.).
Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of smart cards.
Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of consumer appliances, mobile
robots
8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-17-awais 36/37
Bibliography
• IEEESpectrum,May 2009
• h tt p : //w w w .WITRIC .co m
• h tt p : //w w w .WITRIC p o w e r .co m
• h tt p : //w w w .s c i e n ce m a g .o r g/ c g i /da ta /1 1 43 2 5 4/ D C 1 /1
• h tt p : //w w w .s c i e n ce m a g .o r g/ c g i /c o n te n t/a b st r ac t/11 4 325 4
• h tt p : //w w w .b r e a k i n g n ew s e n g lis h .c o m /07 0 6 /0 70 6 1 3 - WITRIC .h tm l
• h tt p : //w w w .w i tr ic .c o m /20 0 7 /0 6 /1 0 / WITRIC - im p ac t/
•
h tt p : //e lec tr o n 9 .p h y s .u tk .ed u /o p tic s 5 0 7 /m o d u le s /m 6 /c ou p led _ r e s o n a to r s. h tm
top related