unit 17 awais

8/6/2019 Unit 17 Awais

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SUBMITTED BY

AWAIS AMJAD

EDEXCEL LEVEL 7

EXTENDED DIPLOMA IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

AND LEADERSHIP SKILLS

SUBMITTED TO

MISS NEYSHA RAMJOHN

PROJECT ON

WIRELESS ELECTRICITY

WITRIC

WEST LONDON COLLEGE OF

BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES



My final report on the project of WITRIC, which is submitted to West London College of Business

& Management Sciences, to fulfillment of the requirement for my course which is Post Graduate

Diploma in strategic management and leadership skills.

DEDICATION

To my parents whose unconditional love & support helped me in making this report.



To my RESPECTFUL MADAM NEYSHA RAMJOHN for her cooperation and assistance.

To my siblings for their gentle encouragement & valuable support.

To my loving mother for supporting me throughout my tenure of learning as well as praying for my

success throughout my life and also in my future and her prayers today make me so proud.

To my dear father for supporting me financially all my life, fulfilling my basic necessaries as well as

luxuries of life. I am thankful to my parents for their support throughout my study career.

I also want to say thanks to all of my friends who motivate me in very tough time.

Today what I am, because of them.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All praise and gratitude due to ALLAH ALMIGHTY who created man in His own image and

enjoyed upon him to travel on the earth and enter into a profound and analytical study of Universefor spiritual appreciation of ALLAH’S unity and His attribute as well as for harnessing the material



manifestation of the world to the mankind’s profitable utilization. In the first place, therefore we

express our utmost thanks to ALLAH.

I express my sincere gratitude to my respected madam MISS NEYSHA RAMJOHN who provided

me an opportunity to work on the entirely new project of WIRELESS ELECTRICITY who has

tirelessly purified her scholarly guidance and professional assistance in compiling this report.

In the end I would like to thank all the staff members of WLCB, who cooperated with me in every

tough time. They have provided me with valuable information which helped me a lot in completion

of this report. It was relatively a new phenomenon for me, but I am quite sure that I have learned a

lot from this project.

PREFACE

The pre-requisite of project report is to make the students of P.G.D, aware of the practical expertise

and to acquaint them with the real management process.



METHODOLOGY

FINDINGS

DISCUSSIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS OF ALTERNATIVES

EFFECIENCY

WITRICS AT PRESENT

ADVANTAGES

MARKET PLAN

COSTING

MONITORING AND EVALUATIONS

CONCLUSIONS

APPLICATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Terms of reference

I have a vision to see my product successful and my company to reach the new heights in all over the

world. I have a strong believe that my concept of WITRIC is very much unique and will be

appraised. I also believe that my idea will be cost effective and efficient enough to help my company

to gain enough market share and to be a real threat to it’s competitors.



ACTIVITY

OF

OPERATION

1 2 3 4 5 6

A Generate

the ideaB Develop the

hypothesisC Prepared

proposalD Develop and

hand over

questionnairesE Gather

quantitative

dateF Gather

qualitative

dataG Preparation

of final

project

HYPOTHESIS FOR THE PROJECT

My new concept for the production of WITRIC will be a revolutionary change in the market, it will be beneficial, cost effective and will reduce the wastage of an electricity and it will be helpful for the

winder electronics to capture the maximum share of the market in London.



Introduction

Inthiseraofmodernization, electricityhasbecomethebasic neccessityoflife.Amomentwithout the use

ofelectricity makes yourthinkinggodry.The majorsourceofpredictableformofelectricity

isthroughwires. The continuous

researchanddevelopmenthasbroughtforwardamajorbreakthrough,which provides electricitywithout

themediumofwires.Thiswonderbabyiscalled WITRIC.

Therearecertainsmallbutveryusefuldiscoveriesmadeinhistory,whichchangedthe world forever,Newt

on’sgravitationallaw,Watt’ssteamengine,Thomson’sbulbandmanymore.But aregenerationoccurred

withtheinventionofElectromagneticWavesbyMaxwell.SirJagdish Chandra Boseeffectivelygenerate

delectromagneticwaveshavingwavelengthintherangeof5mmto25 mm. ThereafteranItalian scientist

named Marconi succeeded in transmitting electromagnetic waves upto a distance of severalmiles.And withthisthere starteda newera called WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.



Today,aswecanseetheword‘wireless’iscommoninday–to – daylife.Wireless communication

hasmade the world smaller. Almost each and everything is

wirelessorcordless.Cordlessmouse,cordless keyboard, satellitecommunication,

mobiles,cordlessmicrophonesand headphones, wirelessinternetservicei.e.WI-FI, etc. Andthesehave

definitelyincreased the standard of living.

Analysis of existing situation or problem

In this time of modern era, electricity has the become the basic necessity of human life and a person

cannot think his life without a use of electric appliances. Electricity is used in each and every sector

such as industrial, transport, railway, communication and other different sectors. The conventional



use of electricity is only made probable through the usage of wires. Every electronic item which are

normally used for domestic or commercial purposes usually work with wires and these large number

of wires are very difficult to handle. Secondly, these wires are not very much efficient because

according to statistics wires are normally 70 – 75 percent efficient. However researchers in MIT

have invented a product of providing electricity without any use of wires.

Methodology

The method of my research will be a literature review, gathering information from the internet and

visiting websites of different electricity supplying companies. I will also likely to prepare a

questionnaire and distribute it among different persons to gather information that whether they would

like to introduce this kind of product in their life and further that information will be sent to myorganization so that they can further take a look on the feasibility of this product. I will also like to

contact with different researchers to gather information that whether this product will become a

reality. I will investigate different kind of experiments to check the validity of my concept.



Findings

The following are the findings of my project:

Howit started

Thestorystartedlateonenightafewyearsago,withMITProfessorMarinSoljačićstandingin his pyjamas,st

aringathiscell phoneon thekitchen counter.Itwasprobably the sixthtime that month thathe was

awakenedbyhismobilephonebeepingtolethimknowthathehadforgottentochargeit. At thatmoment,itoccurredtohim:“Thereiselectricitywiredallthrough

thishouse,allthrough my office—

everywhere.Thisphoneshouldtakecareofitsowncharging!”Buttomakethispossible, one wouldhavetofi

ndawayto transferpower fromthe existingwired infrastructureto the cell phone—withoutwires.

Soljačićstartedthinkingofphysicalphenomenathatcouldmakethisdream areality.

CoupledResonatorswasfit for thesituation

To achieve wireless power transfer in a way that is practical and safe, one needs to use

a physicalphenomenonthatenablesthepowersourceandthedevice(inthiscase,themobile phone) toexcha

ngeenergy strongly, while interacting only weakly with living beings and other environmental

objects, likefurnitureand walls.Thephenomenonofcoupledresonatorsprecisely

fits thisdescription.Two

resonantobjectsofthesameresonantfrequencytendtoexchange energy efficiently,whileinteractingweak

lywithextraneousoff-resonant objects.

Achildonaswingisagoodexampleofaresonantsystem.Aswingexhibitsatypeof mechanical resonance,so

onlywhenthechildpumpsherlegsatthenaturalfrequencyoftheswingissheable toimpartsubstantial

energyintothemotionoftheswing.Anotherexampleinvolvesacoustic resonances: imaginearoomwith 10

0

identicalwineglasses,buteachfilledwithwineuptoadifferentlevel,sothateachresonatesat adifferentfreq

uency(thatis,theyeachemitadifferenttoneornotewhentapped,bya utensil,for example). Ifanopera

singerenters that room andsings a very loud single note,the glasshaving the corresponding

resonantfrequencycan accumulateenoughenergytoshatter,whiletheotherglasses areunaffected.

Strong CouplingCoupled resonators are said to operate in a strongly coupled regime if their energy transfer rate is



substantiallyhigherthantherateatwhichtheyloseenergyduetofactorssuchas materialabsorption and

radiation.Inthestronglycoupledregime,energytransfercan

beveryefficient. These considerationsareuniversal,applyingtoallkindsofresonances(e.g.,acoustic, m

echanical, electromagnetic,etc.). SoljačićandhiscolleaguesatMIT(KaralisandJoannopoulos)setout

toexploreand developthephysicaltheoryofhowtoenablestronglycoupledmagneticresonatorstotransf

er power overdistancesthatwouldenablethekindofwirelessdevicechargingthatSoljačićfirstimagined.

Once the physical theories were developed, Soljačićand his team (Kurs, Karalis,

Moffatt, Joannopoulos,

Fisher)setouttovalidatethemexperimentally.Thetheorywasdevelopedtocovera broad rangeofcoupled

resonatorsystems,buttheexperimentalworkfocusedonprovingthat magnetically coupledresonatorsco

uld

exchangeenergyinthemannerpredictedbythetheoryandrequiredfor the wirelesschargingordevices,suchascellphones.Theteam hasdiscoveredasystemoftwo electro-

magnetic resonatorscoupledthroughtheirmagneticfields.Theywereable to identify the strongly

coupled regime in thissystem,and showed that strong coupling could be achieved over distances

that greatly exceeded the size ofthe resonantobjectsthemselves. Theteamhad

proventhatinthisstrongly coupled regime,efficientwirelesspowertransfercouldbeenabled.

WITRIC Technology is Born

The experimental design consisted of two copper coils, each a self-resonant system. One of

thecoils,connected to an AC power supply, was the resonant source. The other coil, the resonant

capture device, was connected to a 60 watt light bulb. The power source and capture device were

suspended in mid- air with nylon thread, at distances that ranged from a few centimeters to over

2.5 meters (8.2 ft). Not only was the light bulb illuminated, but the theoretical predictions of

high efficiency over distance were proven experimentally.By placing various objects between

the source and capture device, the team demonstrated how the magnetic near field can

transfer power through certain materials and around metallic obstacles.

Thus Prof.Soljačić’s dream of finding a method to wirelessly connect mobile electric devices

to the existing electric grid was realized. WITRIC Corp. was soon launched to carry this

technology forward from the MIT laboratories to commercial production.

WITRIC technology is used for transferring electric energy or power over distance without the

hazardous use of wires. This product can only be possible with the basics of electricity and

magnetism, and work our way up to the WITRIC technology.

Electricity: The flow of electrons (current) through a conductor (like a wire), or charges

through the atmosphere (like lightning). A convenient way for energy to get from one place toanother!



Magnetism: A fundamental force of nature, which causes certain types of materials to attract or

repel each other. Permanent magnets, like the ones on your refrigerator and the earth’s magnetic

field, are examples of objects having constant magnetic fields.

Oscillating magnetic fields vary with time, and can be generated by alternating current (AC)

flowing on a wire. The strength, direction, and extent of magnetic fields are often represented

and visualized by drawings of the magnetic field lines.

Electromagnetism: A term for the interdependence of time-varying electric and magnetic

fields. For example, it turns out that an oscillating magnetic field produces an electric field and an

oscillating electric field produces a magnetic field.

Magnetic Induction: A loop or coil of conductive material like copper, carrying an alternating

current (AC), is a very efficient structure for generating or capturing a magnetic field.

If a conductive loop is connected to an AC power source, it will generate an oscillating magneticfield in the vicinity of the loop. A second conducting loop, brought close enough to the



first, may “capture” some portion of that oscillating magnetic field,

which in turn, generates or induces an electric current in the second coil. The current generated in

the second coil may be used to power devices. This type of electrical power transfer from one

loop or coil to another is well known and referred to as magnetic induction. Some common

examples of devices based on magnetic induction are electric transformers and electric generators.

Energy/Power Coupling: Energy coupling occurs when anenergy source has a means of

transferring energy to anotherobject. One simple example is a locomotive pulling a train car—

the mechanical coupling between the two enables the locomotive to pull the train, and

overcome the forces of friction and inertia that keep the train still—and, the train moves.

Magnetic coupling occurs when the magnetic field of one object interacts with a second object and

induces an electric currentin or on that object. In this way, electric energy can be transferred

from a power source to a powered device. In contrast to the example of mechanical couplinggiven for the train, magnetic coupling does not require any physical contact

between the object generating the energy and the object

receiving or capturing that energy.

Resonance

Resonance is a property that exists in many different physical systems. It can be thought of as

the natural frequency at which energy can most efficiently be added to an oscillating system. A

playground swing is an example of an oscillating system involving potential energy and kinetic

energy. The child swings back and forth at a rate that is determined by the length of the swing.

The child can make the swing go higher if she properly coordinates her arm and leg action with

the motion of the swing. The swing is oscillating at its resonant frequency and the simple

movements of the child efficiently transfer energy to the system. Another example of resonance isthe way in which a singer can shatter a wine glass by singing a single loud, clear note.



In this example, the wine glass is the resonant oscillating system. Sound waves traveling through

the air are captured by the glass, and the sound energy is converted to mechanical vibrations of

the glass itself. When the singer hits the note that matches the resonant frequency of the glass,

the glass absorbs energy, begins vibrating, and can eventually even shatter. The resonant frequency

of the glass depends on the size, shape, thickness of the glass, and how much wine is in it.

Resonant Magnetic Coupling: Magnetic coupling occurs when two objects exchange energy

through their varying or oscillating magnetic fields. Resonant coupling occurs when the natural

frequencies of the two objects are approximately the same.

WITRIC Technology: WITRIC power sources and capture devices are specially designed

magnetic resonators that efficiently transfer power over large distances via the magnetic near-

field. These proprietary source and device designs and the electronic systems that control themsupport efficient energy transfer over distances that are many times the size of the sources/devices

themselves.



DISCUSSIONS AND CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES

WITRIC technology is different than…

Traditional Magnetic Induction

At first glance, WITRIC technology for power transfer appears to be traditional magnetic

induction, such as is used in power transformers, where conductive coils transmit power to each

other wirelessly, over very short distances. In a transformer, an electric current running in a sending

coil (or “primary winding”) induces another current in a receiving coil (or “secondary

winding”). The two coils must be very close together, and may even overlap, but the coils donot make direct electrical contact with each other. However, the efficiency of the power

exchange in traditional magnetic induction systems drops by orders of magnitude when

thedistance between the coils becomes larger than their sizes. In addition to electric

transformers, other devices based on traditional magnetic induction include rechargeable

electric toothbrushes, and inductive “charging pads” which require that the object being charged

be placed directly on top of, or very close to, the base or pad supplying the power.The power

exchange efficiency of some induction systems is improved by utilizing resonant circuits. These

so-called resonantly enhanced induction techniques are used in certain medical implants and high-

frequency RFIDs for example. However, to the best of our knowledge, WITRIC founding technical

team was the first to discover that by specially designing the magnetic resonators, one could

achieve strong coupling and highly efficient energy exchange over distances much larger than the

size of the resonator coils, distances very large compared to traditional schemes.




Radiative Power Transfer

WITRIC technology for power transfer is non-radiative and relies on near-field magnetic

coupling. Many other techniques for wireless power transfer rely on radiative techniques, either

broadcasted or narrow beam (directed radiation) transmission of radio, or light waves. Broadcasted

radiation of radio frequency energy is commonly used for wireless information transfer because

information can be transmitted over a wide area to multiple users. The power received by each

radio or wireless receiver is miniscule, and must external power supply. Because the vast majority

of radiated power be amplified in a receiving unit using an external power supply.

Because the vast majority of radiated power is wasted into free space, radio transmission is

considered to be an inefficient means of power transfer. that while more energy can be supplied to

the receiver by “cranking up the power” of the transmitters in these systems, such high power levels may pose a safety hazard and may interfere with other radio frequency devices.

“Directed radiation”, using highly directional antennas, is another means of using radio

transmission to beam energy from a source to a receiver. However, directed radiation—in

particular microwave radiation—may interact strongly with living organisms and certain

metallic objects. Such energy transfer methods may pose safety hazards to people or objects

that obstruct the line-of-sight between the transmitter and receiver.

These limitations make directed radio transmission impractical for delivering substantial levels

of wireless power in a typical consumer, commercial, or industrial application. In fact, defense

researchers are exploring the use of directed energy systems to deliver lethal doses of power

to targets in space and on the battlefield. In addition to radio waves, visible and invisible light

waves can also be used to transfer energy. The sun is an excellent radiative source of light

energy, and industry and academia are working hard to develop photovoltaic technologies to

convert sunlight to electrical energy. A laser beam is a form of directed light adiation, in

which visible or invisible light waves may be formed into a collimated beam, delivering energy in a

targeted way. However, as in the case of directed radio waves, safe and efficient transmission of

laser power requires a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver. As mentioned at the

beginning of this section, WITRIC technology is based on non-radiative energy transfer. It

does not require a clear line of sight between the power sources and capture devices and it is safe for

use in typical home, hospital, office, or industrial environments.




Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)

MRI machines use “magnetic resonance imaging” to produce diagnostic images of soft tissue.

Many people assume that WITRIC “Resonant Magnetic Coupling”must be similar to magnetic

resonance imaging (MRI) technology however, the technologies are similar in name only. MRI

is, as its name suggests, a technology for using magnetism as a basis for diagnostic imaging

of soft tissue in the human body. It utilizes a strong DC magnet to orient the magnetic fields

of atoms within tissues, and radio frequency fields to manipulate those atoms in a selective way,

so that tissues and structures can be imaged clearly The “resonance” referred to in “MRI” refersto the resonance atomic structures. MRI is not considered to be a method for wireless power

transfer.




Tesla’s Vision of a Wireless World

In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, at the dawn of the electrification of the modern world,

some scientists and engineers believed that using wires to transfer electricity from every place it

was generated to every place that it could be used would be too expensive to be practical. NikolaTesla, one of the most well known of these scientists,had a vision for a wireless world in which

wireless electric power and communications would reach around the world, delivering information

and power to ships at sea, factories, and every home on the planet. Tesla donated significantly to our

understanding of electricity and electrical systems and is credited with inventing three-phase AC

power systems, induction motors, fluorescent lamps, radio transmission, and various modes of

wireless electric power transfer. WITRIC technology for power transfer is different than the

technologies proposed by Tesla, but his work is referenced and acknowledged in the scientific

articles published by WITRIC founding technical team.

EFFICIENCY OF WITRIC

• In order for the power transfer to be efficient, we design the system such that the rate of energytransfer between the emitter and the receiver is greater than the rate of energy dissipation.

• This way the device can capture the energy and use it for useful work before too much of it get

wasted away.• Greater is the coupling factor(k/T) greater is the efficiency

“Strong Coupling” ⇒ efficient transfer



• Then the efficiency can also be calculated

Is it practical and is it safe?• WITRIC demonstration is still too recent, and too focused, to produce any definite conclusions.• With the WITRIC method ,they anticipate transmitting power over distances about a meter, which is

much less than ideal but still very impressive.• If the technology is improved and honed to a point where it can be “productized", it stands to turn

any number of industries on their respective ears.• The MIT team said its discovery is different from all previous effort because it uses “magnetically

coupled resonance", which means it will not only be safe but it will be fairly efficient.

WITRIC AT PRESENT

In 2006 MIT researchers discovered a new method to provide electricity to remote objects without

wires. Wiricity is based on coupled resonant objects. In 2007 researchers implemented a prototype

using self resonant coils. In first trial they demonstrated efficient non-radiative power transfer over



distance up to eight times the radius of the coils. This experiment was done using two copper coils.

Each coil act as self resonant system. One of the coils is attached to the electricity source. Instead of

exposing the environment with electromagnetic waves, it fills the space with a non-radiative

magnetic field oscillating at MHz frequencies. The non-radiative field mediates the power exchange

with the other coil, which is specially designed to resonate with the field. The resonant nature

ensures strong interaction between sending unit and receiving unit.

In the first experiment they successfully demonstrated the ability to power a 60W light bulb from a

power source that was 2 meters away with 40% efficiency approximately. They used two

capacitively loaded copper coils of 51 cm in diameter designed to resonate in the MHz range. One

coil was connected to a power source, the other to a bulb. In this experiment the coils were designed

to resonate at 10MHz. The setup powered the bulb oh even when the coils were not in line of sight.

The bulb glowed even when wood, metal, and other devices were placed in between the coils.An effect of using thecapacitively-loaded loops and lowering the operating frequency on field

strengths and power levels.Capacitively loaded loops generate significantly lower electric fields in

the space surrounding the objects than self-resonant coils. The calculations to simulate a transfer of

60W across two identical capacitively-loaded loops similar in dimension to our self-resonant coils

(radius of loop 30cm, cross sectional radius of the conductor 3cm, and distance between the loops of

2m), and calculated the maximum values of the fields and Poynting Vector 20cm away from the

device loop.

Erms Hrms Srms Power Frequency(MHz) Efficiency {Vim) (A/m) (W/cm2) radiated(W)10 83% ' 185 21 0.08 3.31 60% 40 14 0.04 0.005At 10MHz, note the significant reduction in the electric field strength with respect to the self

resonant coils. Lowering the operating frequency down to 1MHz further reduces the electric field,

Poynting vector, and power radiated. At 1MHz, all our fields are below IEEE safety guidelines

(Erms =614V/m, Hrms = 16.3A/m and Srms = 0.1 W/cm2 at 1MHz)The figure given below shows the experimental setup. In which the transmitter and receiver coils are

separated at a distance of 2m. The bulb connected to receiver coils is glowed when supply is given to

transmitter coil as shown in figure. In the first figure transmitter and receiver coils are in direct line

of sight. If a wooden piece is placed in between transmitter and receiver coils then also power

transmission is possible.Theoretical-and experimental K, as a function of distance when one of the

coils is rotated by 45% with respect to coaxial alignment.

Component Description % Annual wastage in UK



efficiency billio

n

kWh

Millio

n

TOE

Million tonnes

carbon dioxide

Total

(electrical

total)

The total efficiency is low.

Notice that, for similar

percentage losses, the

actual losses get smaller

later on in the system. This

is because there is less

energy being transmitted at

the later stages.

28

(74)

930

340

79.9

(28.9)

474

(171)

Table 1. Losses in the electricity system. The unit tonne of oil equivalent (TOE) is auseful way of comparing energy use - relating it to fuels. 1 TOE equals 11,634

kilowatt–hours. In the UK, 1 kWh produces 0.51 Kg of carbon dioxide; this takes into

account the different ways in which electricity is generated (15% is generated without

producing any carbon dioxide).

This table shows the actual losses occurred in the process of distributing the electricity within united

kingdom. Thus it also shows the effectiveness of system which are being used in distributing

electricity.

This graph shows the domestic electricity consumption by the people of united kingdom from year 1998 to 2006.

http://tmp/sv2n.tmp/javascript:showGloss(%22kwhr%22)





Advantages

HighlyResonant StrongCouplingProvidesHigh Efficiency OverDistance

WITRICmodeofwirelesspowertransferishighlyefficientoverdistancesrangingfrom centimeter

sto

severalmeters.Efficiencymaybedefinedastheamountofusableelectricalenergythatis available tothedev

icebeing powered,dividedby the amountofenergy thatisdrawnby the WITRIC source. In many

applications,efficiencycanexceed90%.AndWITRICsourcesonlytransferenergywhenit isneeded.Whe

n

aWITRICpowereddevicenolongerneedstocaptureadditionalenergy,the WITRIC powersourcewillauto

maticallyreduceits power consumptiontoapower saving“idle” state.

EnergyTransfervia Magnetic NearFieldCanPenetrateandWrap Around Obstacle

Themagneticnearfieldhasseveralpropertiesthatmakeitanexcellentmeansoftransferring energyin

atypicalconsumer,commercial,orindustrialenvironment.Mostcommonbuildingand furnishing materials,



suchaswood,gypsumwallboard,plastics,textiles,glass,brick,andconcreteare essentially “transparent”t

omagneticfields—enablingWITRICtechnologytoefficientlytransferpower through them.

Inaddition,the

magneticnearfieldhastheabilityto“wraparound”manymetallicobstacles that mightotherwiseblockthem

agneticfields.

WITRICapplicationsengineeringteamwillworkwith you toaddressthematerialsandenvironmentalfacto

rs that mayinfluencewirelessenergytransfer in yourapplication.

Non-RadiativeEnergyTransferisSafeforPeople andAnimals

WITRICtechnologyisanon-

radiativemodeofenergytransfer,relyinginsteadonthemagnetic near field.Magneticfieldsinteractveryw

eaklywithbiologicalorganisms—peopleandanimals—and are scientifically regardedto besafe.Professor SirJohn PendryofImperialCollegeLondon,a world renowned physicist,explains:

“Thebodyreallyrespondsstronglytoelectricfields,whichiswhy you cancookachickeninamicrowave.

Butitdoesn'trespondtomagneticfields.Asfarasweknow the bodyhasalmostzeroresponsetomagneticfiel

dsintermsoftheamountofpoweritabsorbs."

Evidence ofthesafetyofmagneticfieldsisillustratedbythewidespreadacceptanceandsafetyof household

magneticinduction cooktops.

ThroughproprietarydesignoftheWITRICsource,electricfieldsarealmostcompletelycontained

within the source. This design results in levels of electric and magnetic fields which fall well

within regulatory

guidelines.ThusWITRICtechnologydoesn’tgiverisetoradiofrequencyemissions that interferewithothe

relectronicdevices,and isnota sourceofelectricandmagnetic field levels that pose arisk

topeopleoranimals.

LimitsforhumanexposuretomagneticfieldsaresetbyregulatorybodiessuchastheFCC,ICNIRP, and areb

ased onbroad scientific and medical consensus. WITRICtechnologyis being developed

tobe fullycompliantwithapplicableregulationsregardingmagneticfieldsandelectromagnetic radiation.

ScalableDesign EnablesSolutionsfrom milliwatts toKilowatts

WITRICsystemscanbedesignedtohandleabroadrangeofpowerlevels.Thebenefitsof highly efficientene

rgytransferoverdistancecanbeachievedatpowerlevelsrangingfrommilliwatts toseveral kilowatts.Thise

nablesWITRICtechnologytobeusedinapplicationsasdiverseas poweringa wirelessmouseorkeyboard(

milliwatts)torecharginganelectricpassengervehicle (kilowatts). WITRICtechnologyoperatesina“load

following”mode, transferringonlyasmuchenergyas thepowered device requires.



FlexibleGeometry AllowsWITRICDevicestobe EmbeddedInto OEM Products

WITRICtechnologyisbeingdesignedsothatitcanbeeasilyembeddedintoawidevarietyof products and

systems.Thephysicsofresonant

magneticcouplingenablesWITRICengineerstodesign power sourcesand devices ofvarying shapes

and sizes,to match both the packaging requirements and the power transfer

requirementsinagivenOEMapplication.WITRIChasdesignedpowercapture devices compactenoughto

fitintoacell phone.

BUSINESS PLAN

The following are the business plan of WITRICITY

MARKETING PERSPECTIVE

Economic AttractivenessThe opportunity in the field of wireless power transfer has arisen at an economically practical time.

The technical research requires minimal cost, so the majority of funding would be needed for

internal employee and corporate costs. With the economy in a state of recovery, businesses all over

the world will be looking to reduce funds, and at the same time convince customers to spend money

on exciting new products. Wireless power will deliver both by diminishing infrastructure costs of

wiring, and attracting technology enthusiasts.

Competitor DifferentiationIn the emerging market of wireless power transfer, early movers have already begun releasing

products. However, the currently available products are highly inefficient, of little value to the

customer, and very expensive. Nonetheless, our preliminary efforts to stay ahead of our competition

will be to integrate the technology into existing devices that already experience high sales such as

cell-phones, laptop computers, and common household furniture.

Targeted Customer Segment and Addressable MarketThere will be two types of target customers for our venture. As an emerging technology, the first

customer type will be our ideal partners of home retail and consumer electronic firms, such as IKEA,Motorola, and Philips Electronics.This success will depend on our second type of targeted

customers: young electronic consumers in urban settings.

Opportunity for Growth and Market StabilityA critical aspect to the success of our venture is the widespread acceptance of wireless power

transfer technology. Our venture intends to focus on the two previously described well defined

industries in order to improve confidence in the emerging technology. Competing wireless power

companies have already begun advertising their products on commercials, but our marketing team



will have the important task to convince everyone that our product transmits more power over long

distances than our competitors.

Sales and Marketing Plan

Personal Success Coincides with Industry SuccessIn order for WITRICITY to enjoy success, the entire industry of wireless power must establish its

place over wired devices. To achieve industry success cohesively with our own success, an effective

marketing approach must be employed. Our marketing team will translate these intentions into a

strategy by impressing the fact that WITRICITY provides a new generation of powering devices,

wire-free, which minimizes home and business energy costs while eliminating the carbon footprint

associated with manufacturing copper wire. Our customer relationships will be developed primarily

through our customer service abilities.

EcommerceSince our initial venture’s sales will involve partnerships with existing firms, online transactions will

not be a significant contributor to our success. However, the ideal partnering firms including IKEA

and Philips Electronics are hugely dependent on E-commerce. Therefore, as customers browse their

websites and notice these wireless power-integrated products.

Sales CycleOur venture will have a relatively long sales cycle. Therefore, our venture has decided to target

consumers of household appliances and electronic devices from established firms. This will provide

us with accurate assumptions about the amount of sales based on different items.

Marketing provides the means by which the organisation or business projects itself to its audience,

and also how it behaves and interacts in its market. It is needed therefore that the organisation's

philosophy and values are referenced and reinforced by every aspect of marketing

In this plan I am going to write that how will I market my product. To market the product I will go

through several methods. These are following.

1) Advertisement

– Ad in News paper

– Brochures

– Pamphlets

– Cine boards

– Promotional campaigns

– Exhibition in community centers

1) Franchise:



Franchise is one of the best ways to market a product. I will ask my company to open franchises

specially in develop countries just like Apple, Nokia etc. in order to give a live demonstration of my

product. It works just like an outlet of a business and will promote WITRIC as well.

2) seminars

Creating an informative seminar and inviting your target audience is an excellent way to educate the

market and promote your company and proposition. This technique works especially well in the

business-to-business market, and where educating customers is appropriate, for instance if marketing

a new technology or service to architects and specifiers. It is possible to have certain types of

seminars accredited for CPD (Continuous Professional Development) by professional institutes,

which provides an extra incentive for prospective customers to attend.

3) open days and exhibitions

The advantage of personal contact is that you actually get to talk to your potential customers, which

dramatically increases the chances of getting your message across. But there is a limit to how many

people you can target and access using these methods. Costs of preparation and organisation can be

big, and are rarely transparent at the outset so beware.Events of this nature do nevertheless offer

good possibilities for follow-up PR activity, which can contribute greatly to building a customer-

friendly image.

HUMAN RESOURCE PERSPECTIVE

Attracting an Innovative and Experienced TeamOur venture will primarily focus on attracting three genres of talent: graduate engineers, senior

engineers, and salesmen.we plan to recruit an engineering-aware sales team. Much like venture

capitalists, a salesman will be very excited about opportunities in wireless power once they become

aware of its profitability.Finally, engineers will also work to develop the best customer service

approach for a new technology. These processes summarize the operations, tasks, and functions

required to support our startup areas of emphasis.

A Candid Culture among Engineers and SalesmenA critical aspect to achieving success in any market is developing a respected culture within a

business.Being honest and straightforward in both criticism and reward among our colleagues and

competitors will be critical to surviving the startup phase and will provide a solid foundation for the

culture of our firm moving forward.

Innovating for the Certain and Unpredictable Futures



The success of the entire industry of wireless power will be dependent on its ability to adapt to

changes. The reason why wireless power currently targets low-power electronic devices is because

there are higher losses associated with high-power devices. Therefore, our engineers will work on

market-dependent applications for wireless power, as well as improving the efficiency over distance

of the current wireless systems in order to maintain competitive advantage in terms of knowledge,

shares, and economic strategies.

FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVEPreliminary Financial Model

we hope to sell products to one customer at a time, but we believe that the entire industry of wireless

power will need to become competitive with wired devices before individual sales strategies will be

profitable. During the early years of our firm, we don’t expect much profit because one of the goals

of our customer service department will be to provide free maintenance to our products. This may

not be the most economical choice for the short term; however, if it will boost our current and future

customers’ confidence in wireless power applications, then it will be worth it for future profits. Once

established, we will find profit in add-ons to improve efficiency over a distance.

Initial Revenue Assumptions

The initial revenue assumptions are based on average process of electronic products. Each year, we

expect the sales of wireless power products to increase as well as our competition. To maintain our

competitive advantage, the average prices our partners are expected to charge for all the wireless power-integrated products will decrease by approximately 15% from the price of the product in the

first year.

Initial Cost AssumptionsThe initial cost assumptions are dominated by the approximated number of employees and their

corresponding salaries. Our team will be very small during the first year, and will be dominated by

engineers because the critical focus will be developing a product that can be integrated into

successful product lines.

Initial Unit Sales AssumptionsWe have specified the starting unit sales to begin at 200 units sold six months into our first year. The

expected growth rate of sales is 10% for the first year, 15% for the second year, and 20% for the

third year, and then the growth rate may balance at this 20% for the fourth year. The reason for this

is because once wireless power transfer technologies becomes integrated into common devices, the

potential for further implementation into society will increase significantly, so our expected growth

rate will increase year-to-year.

COSTING OF MY PRODUCT



The cost of my product will be estimated by evaluating different expenses which will be occurred on

my product. At first, there will be a research and development cost which would be normally higher

because large scale of experiments would be conducted. There would be a training cost for the

employees to let them know about a new revolutionary product. There will be a high advertisement

cost upfront because a new product has to be launched.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MY PRODUCT

Monitoring is the systematic collection and analysis of information as a project progresses. It is

aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a project or organisation. It is based on targets

set and activities planned during the planning phases of work. It helps to keep the work on track, and

can let management know when things are going wrong. If done properly, it is an invaluable tool for

good management, and it provides a useful base for evaluation. It enables you to determine whether the resources you have available are sufficient and are being well used, whether the capacity you

have is sufficient and appropriate, and whether you are doing what you planned to do.

Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans. It looks at

what you set out to do, at what you have accomplished, and how you accomplished it. What

monitoring and evaluation have in common is that they are geared towards learning from what you

are doing and how you are doing it, by focusing on:

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Impact

QUESTIONNAIRE

• WHETHER YOU LIKE A WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY?

YES

NO

MAYBE

• DO YOU USE LARGE AMOUNT OF WIRELESS PRODUCTS IN YOUR DAILY LIFE?

YES

NO

MAY BE

• DO YOU USE HIGHER NUMBER OF ELECTRICAL GOODS IN YOUR DAILY LIFE?YES



NO

MAY BE

• DO YOU WANT TO GET RID OF THE BUNDLE OF CABLES LYING IN YOUR

HOME OR WORKPACE?

YES

NO

MAY BE

• DO YOU WANT TO INSTALL A PRODUCT WHICH CAN TRANSFER ENERGY

WITHOUT WIRES IN YOUR HOUSE AND WORKPLACE?

YES

NO

MAY BE• DO YOU HAVE ANY ISSUES REGARDING THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY

WITHOUT WIRES?

YES

NO

MAY BE

QUESTION NUMBER RESPONSE OF GENERAL PUBLICYES NO MAY BE

1 67% 25% 8%2 35% 63% 2%3 90% 7% 3%4 70% 15% 15%5 65% 15% 20%6 64% 12% 24%



CONCLUSION

The transmission of power without wires is not a theory or a mere possibility, it is now a reality. The

electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance. Many

researchers have established in numerous observations, experiments and measurements, qualitative

and quantitative. Dr.N.Tesla is the pioneer of this invention. Wireless transmission of electricity have

tremendous merits like high transmission integrity and Low Loss (90 ± 97% efficient) and can be

transmitted to anywhere in the globe and eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital

intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations.WITRIC, if successful will definitely change the way we live. Imagine cellphones, laptops, digital

camera's getting self charged! Engineers have got job on hand to research and commercialize the

technology. Till then, it is a wait in anticipation.

WITRIC is only 40 to 45% efficient and according to Soljacic,they have to be twice as efficient

to compete with the traditional chemical batteries. The team's next aim is to get a robotic vacuum

or a laptop working, charging devices placed anywhere in the room and even robots on factory

floors. The researchers are also currently working on the health issues related to this concept

and have said that in another three to five years time, they will come up with a

WITRIC system for commercial use.

WITRIC, if successful will definitely change the way we live. Imagine cellphones, laptops, digital

camera's getting self charged! Wow! Let's hope the researchers will be able to come up with the

commercial system soon. Till then, we wait in anticipation!

Applications

WITRIC wireless power transfer technology can be applied in a wide variety of

applications andenvironments. The ability ofour technology to transfer power safely, efficiently,

and over distance can improve products by making them more convenient, reliable, and

environmentally friendly. WITRICtechnologycanbe usedto provide:

DirectWirelessPower —whenallthepoweradeviceneedsisprovidedwirelessly,and no

Batteriesarerequired.Thismodeisfora devicethatisalwaysused withinrangeof

itsWITRIC power source.



AutomaticWirelessCharging —

whenadevicewithrechargeablebatterieschargesitself while stillinuseoratrest,withoutrequiringapowerc

ordorbatteryreplacement.Thismodeisfor amobiledevicethatmaybe

usedbothinandoutofrangeofitsWITRICpower

source. WITRICtechnologyisdesignedforOriginalEquipmentManufacturers(OEM’s)toembeddirectl

yin theirproductsand systems.

WITRICtechnologywillmake your products:

More Convenient:

Nomanualrechargingor changing batteries.

Eliminate unsightly,unwieldyandcostlypower cords.

More Reliable: Neverrunoutofbattery power.

Reduce product failure rates by fixing the ‘weakest link’: flexing wiring

and mechanicalinterconnects.

Consumer Electronics

Automatic wireless charging of mobile electronics (phones,laptops, game controllers, etc.) in

home, car, office, Wi-Fi hotspots while devices are in use and mobile.

Direct wireless powering of stationary devices (flat screen TV’s,digital picture frames, home

theater accessories, wireless loud speakers, etc.) … eliminating expensive custom wiring,

unsightly cables and “wall-wart” power supplies.

Direct wireless powering of desktop PC peripherals: wireless mouse, keyboard, printer,

speakers, display, etc… eliminating disposable batteries and awkward cabling.



Industrial

Direct wireless power and communication interconnections across rotating and moving

“joints” (robots, packaging machinery, assembly machinery, machine tools) … eliminating

costly and failure-prone wiring.

Direct wireless power and communication interconnections at points of use in harsh environments

(drilling, mining, underwater, etc.) … where it is impractical or impossible to run wires.

Direct wireless power for wireless sensors and actuators, eliminating the need for expensive

power wiring or battery replacement and disposal.

Transportation

Automatic wireless charging for existing electric vehicle classes: golf carts, industrial vehicles.Automatic wireless charging for future hybrid and all-electric passenger and commercial vehicles,

at home, in parking garages, at fleet depots, and at remote kiosks.

Direct wireless power interconnections to replace costly vehicle wiring harnesses and slip rings.



Other Applications

Direct wireless power interconnections and automatic wireless charging for implantable

medical devices (ventricular assist devices, pacemaker, defibrilator, etc.).

Automatic wireless charging and for high tech military systems (battery powered mobile

devices, covert sensors, unmanned mobile robots and aircraft, etc.).

Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of smart cards.

Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of consumer appliances, mobile

robots



Bibliography

• IEEESpectrum,May 2009

• h tt p : //w w w .WITRIC .co m

• h tt p : //w w w .WITRIC p o w e r .co m

• h tt p : //w w w .s c i e n ce m a g .o r g/ c g i /da ta /1 1 43 2 5 4/ D C 1 /1

• h tt p : //w w w .s c i e n ce m a g .o r g/ c g i /c o n te n t/a b st r ac t/11 4 325 4

• h tt p : //w w w .b r e a k i n g n ew s e n g lis h .c o m /07 0 6 /0 70 6 1 3 - WITRIC .h tm l

• h tt p : //w w w .w i tr ic .c o m /20 0 7 /0 6 /1 0 / WITRIC - im p ac t/

•

h tt p : //e lec tr o n 9 .p h y s .u tk .ed u /o p tic s 5 0 7 /m o d u le s /m 6 /c ou p led _ r e s o n a to r s. h tm

http://www.witricity.com/

http://www.witricitypower.com/

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/1143254/DC1/1

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1143254

http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0706/070613-WiTricity.html

http://www.witric.com/2007/06/10/WiTricity-impact/

http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/optics507/modules/m6/coupled_resonators.htm


http://www.witricity.com/

http://www.witricitypower.com/

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/1143254/DC1/1

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1143254

http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0706/070613-WiTricity.html

http://www.witric.com/2007/06/10/WiTricity-impact/


unit 17 awais

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