the digsilent powerfactory monitor
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DIgSILENT PFM Hardware ConCePtThe PowerFactory Monitor is based on the Control- and Monitoring Unit (CMU), the Signal Units (SU) and the Smart Signal Unit (SSU) which can be combined in a flexible way aiming in a most preformat and economic solution adoptable to any individual needs.
SSU – Smart Signal Unit The SSU is an active, intelligent data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. Besides signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SSU is passing the fast transient signals as well as the mid-term transient, slow transient signal and power quality signals directly to the PFM-DsProtocol backbone for further processing such as centralized triggering and analysis. Optional, the SSU can be used as a stand-alone PMU communicating via the PFM backbone using the IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol.
SU – Signal Unit The SU is an active data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. After signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SU is passing the fast transient signals as via USB hub to a Smart Signal Unit (SS) acting as a channel extender for applications where a large amount of analogue and digital channels are to be handled at one single point. Up to 160 analogue channels with most flexible configurations are supported via one single CMU/SSU with appropriate number of SU extensions. Further extensions are possible via digital Signal Units. Processing of fast transients, mid-term transients, PQ signals as well as slow transients are processed via the CMU.
CMU – Control and Monitoring Unit The Control and Monitoring Unit (CMU) communicates via PFM-DsProtocol (SSU) with the data acquisitions units. Direct user interaction is provided via Web-Server featuring the configuration of SSU, CMU as well as providing on-line view and operation of the supported integrated multifunctional aspects (e.g. DFR, DSM, PQ, etc.). The CMU is directly accessible via the PFM Master Station for centralized operation of a distributed monitoring system. The following functions are provided by the CMU:
Handling of CMU und SSU configuration
Definition and setting of trigger conditions covering all signals passed to the CMU
Definition and management of the FT, MDT and ST signals
Calculation of additional synthetic signals if required, processing of PQ signals
Online display of analogue and digital signals
Execution of SOE processing
Hardware supervision and communication with Master Stations
The CMU is utilizing latest multi-core technologies featuring the handling of a large amount of data and is equipped with high capacity storage devices of at least 32 GB. Any CMU/SU/SSU hardware configuration is establishing a fully featured integrated, multi-functional data acquisition system that can be operated independently of any Master Station. Data storage capacities are typically specified for handling and processing recordings over many years. Access to the CMU is provided via Internet / Web Interface.
PFM Hardware ConFigurationsoption 1 – diStribUted SMart Signal UnitS (SSU) The PowerFactory Monitor (PFM) can be configured as per specific user requirements. Most flexible operation is provided when accessing the CMU via the multi-user Master Station featuring full flexible analysis of all readings collected from the various locations. Independent of the operation and supervision of the various PFM systems installed at several locations in a power system, the Web Interface can be used for commissioning and unit-wise supervision of the various PFM components. The Smart Signal Unit (SSU) shall be applied when signals from various locations within a substation, power plant or from different other locations shall be collected. Typical applications would be dedicated SSUs per bay, large substation with several voltage levels, collection of data of individual generation units (conventional power plants with several units, wind turbines and wind park substation, large PV installations with many central inverters).
option 2 – Centrally ConneCted SignalS UnitS (SU) Shall a huge amount of analogue or digital signals be considered that are brought to a central place, the most cost effective PFM configuration is then based on a number of centrally installed Signal Units (SU) being connected via USB communication to the SSU. Respective setup is typically mounted in a cabinet with all infrastructure required. Access to recorded data for backup and processing is again made via the PowerFactory Master Station supporting multi-user operation as well as the optional interaction with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. For configuration, commissioning and maintenance service direct access via Web Interfaces is again possible independently of the Master Station.
option 3 – portable pFM SySteM Limited to 15 analogue and 16 digital signals, a CMU and SSU can be combined in one single portable 19” rack (PFM300 SSU15-C, 4 HU). Optionally, a larger system being able to handle 32 analogue and 16 digital signals is also available (PFM300 SSU32-C, 7 HU). The 32 channels system can be expanded with further portable SUs or SSUs as required. Operational access to the portable PFM system, e.g. for PFM setup und mobile recording applications is offered via Web Interface. The PowerFactory Master Station software is also available for mobile applications along with the PowerFactory functions.
PFM-DsProtocol
TCP/IP TCP/IP
TCP/IP
...CmU master Station n /PowerFactory
master Station 1 /PowerFactory
Web interface
User 1 User 2 User X
Location 1
Location 2
Location 4
SSU ....SSU SSU
Location 3
SSU
Analogue Signals
Digital Signals
GPS RECEIVER
2*GBit/s PFM Backbone
PFM-DsProtocol IEEE C37.118PMU Protocol
IEC 61850 / 60870
Smart Signal Unit(SSU)
DIgSILENT GmbHCompany Profile
DIgSILENT GmbH is a consulting and software
company providing engineering services in the
field of electrical power systems for transmission,
distribution, generation and industrial plants.
DIgSILENT GmbH was founded in 1985 and is
a fully independent, privately owned company
located in Gomaringen/Tübingen, Germany, where
the new offices have been in operation since
early 2002. DIgSILENT continued expansion by
establishing offices in Australia, South Africa,
Italy, Chile and Spain, thereby facilitating
improved service following the world-wide
increased use of its products and services.
DIgSILENT has established a strong partner
network in many countries such as Mexico,
Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, Peru,
Argentina, Iran, Venezuela and China. DIgSILENT
services and software installations have been
conducted in more than 110 countries.
DIgSILENT PowerFactory
DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated
power system analysis software PowerFactory,
which covers the full range of functionality from
standard features to highly sophisticated and
advanced applications including wind power,
dispersed generation, real-time simulation and
performance monitoring for system testing and
supervision. For wind power applications, Power
Factory has become the power industry’s de-facto
standard tool, due to PowerFactory models
and algorithms providing unmet accuracy and
performance.
DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central
protection settings database and management
system for the complete power system substation
data based on latest .NET technology. Station-
Ware stores and records all settings in a central
database, allows modelling of relevant workflow
sequences, provides quick access to relay manuals,
interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings
software and integrates with PowerFactory
software, allowing powerful and easy-to-use
settings co-ordination studies.
DIgSILENT Consulting
DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of various
disciplines relevant for performing consulting
services, research activities, user training,
educational programs and software developments.
Highly specialized expertise is available in many
fields of electrical engineering applicable to
liberalized power markets and to the latest
developments in power generation technologies
such as wind power and dispersed genertion.
DIgSILENT has provided expert consulting services
to several prominent wind-grid integration studies.
PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance
recording and monitoring system that copes easily
and efficiently with the special requirements for
system test implementation, system performance
supervision and the determination and supervision
of connection characteristics. Numerous Monitoring
Systems installed at various grid locations can be
integrated to a Wide-Area-Measurement-System
(WAMS). The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates
with the PowerFactory.
DIgSILENT GmbHCompany Profile
digSilent gmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Straße 9
72810 Gomaringen
Germany
Phone: +49-7072-9168-0
Fax: +49-7072-9168-88
Internet: www.digsilent.de
E-mail: mail@digsilent.de
P O W E R S Y S T E M E N G I N E E R I N G A N D S O F T W A R E
Power System Monitoring and Analysis
The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor
ProduCt suMMary integrated, multifunction dynamic system Monitor
Network Performance Monitor (DSM)Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)Continuous Recorder (CR)Grid Code Monitor (GCM)Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)Power Plant Monitor (PPM)Power Quality Monitor (PQM)Long-term Trend Monitoring (LTM)Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)
distributed, Hierarchical Monitoring Concept
Multiple Smart Signal Units (SSU)
Plant & Substation Control andMonitoring Unit (CMU)Hierarchical Monitoring StructureMulti-User Master Station ConceptAutomated High Level Post ProcessingIntegrated with DIgSILENT PowerFactory Flexible Hardware and software Concept
Cabinet-based and portable SystemsFlexible Smart Signal Unit ConfigurationAdvanced A/D TechnologyLocal- and Remote Operation ModePowerFactory based Software Technology
ProduCt BeneFits Cost Effective multi-Purpose Solution
multifunction Plant and Substation monitor
Wide-area monitoring and grid Supervision
Direct interaction with analytical grids analysis
PFm tEChniCal SPECiFiCationPFm 300 Versions
SSU15-C
Basic FeaturesCMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
15 analogue input channels
16 digital inputs channels
7 digital output channels option portable version
SSU32-C /E
Basic Features
CMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels options
Extendable with up to 4 Signal Units (SU32) totalling to up to 160 analogue channels and 80 digital input channels
Extendable with up to 8 Smart Signal Units (SSU32) totalling to up to 288 analogue channels and 144 digital input channels
Extendable with up to 256 digital signal inputs (DU128/256) totalling to up to 336 digital input channels
redundant power supply
portable version
Smart Signal Unit SSU32 Basic Features
SSU hardware
non-redundant power supply
LAN link to SSU15/32-C/E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels
options
redundant power supply
portable version
Signal Unit SU32
Basic Features
SU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E USB link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
option
portable version
SU-D128 / SU-D256Basic Features
DU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E
LAN link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 ms signal synchronization
128/256 digital input channels
option
portable version
PFm 300 CharaCtEriStiCS overview Up to 288 analogue and 336 digital input channels
Up to 7 relay outputs for alarms
Scan rate 15,15 kHz, 16 bits resolution (optional: 30.72 kHz, 20 bits resolution)
Self-diagnostic, watch-dog and auto-boot
Alarm contacts: 1 alive and 6 programmable (optional)
SSU-15
Intel Celeron, 2 GByte DDR
32 GB Flash Memory
SSU-32 / CmUIntel Embedded i7, 4 GByte DDR
128/256 GByte SSD Storage
Communication
Ethernet network, TCP/IP protocol, 10/100/1000Mb/s
PFM-DsProtocol, C37.118 PMU protocol
LAN ports: 2*rear, 1*front
19” Enclosure
SU32: 3*HU
SSU15-C: 4*HU
SSU32, SSU32-C, SSU32-C/E: 7*HU
Supply Voltage
100-360 VDC and 90 -240 VAC
SU / SSU Channel Characteristics
analogue Channels
15/32 analogue channels / SU / SSU, flexible input configuration
Current input
Input : 3x 1 or 5 A (nominal)
Range: 4x In
Accuracy: 0.1%
Overload: 150 A, 1s; 4x In cont.
Voltage input
Input : 3x 150V p-n
Range: 2x Vn
Accuracy: 0.08%
Small signals input
1mV, 10mV, 1V, 10V, ±20mA
DIgSILENTThe PowerFactory Monitor
DIgSILENT Integrated, multifunction Dynamic System MonitorUnbundling of electricity supply systems and the introduction of new technologies in all areas of generation, transmission and distribution has made power system operation more complex. Supervision of generator performance according to Grid Codes and Connection Conditions, the stability supervision of large transmission networks at specific locations, verification of power quality criteria in distribution systems as well as the determination and analysis of key system parameters has generated the need for power system monitoring and grid supervision beyond classical fault recording and SCADA based trending. Under those aspects, wide area monitoring (WAM) via phase measurement units (PMU) is just a special case of a monitoring application. The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software featuring easy access of recorded data, analysis of trends, verification of system upset responses and test results.
PFM ProduCt aPPliCationDynamic System & network Performance monitor (DSm)
Voltage Stability Monitoring and Steady-State Instability Supervision
Generation Outage, Load Rejection and System Frequency Response Analysis
Primary- and Secondary Response Supervision
Load Shedding Tuning and Optimization
Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Effectiveness Supervision
Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis
Tie-Line Power Exchange and Network Control Characteristics
Control Performance Supervision and Identification
Generator and Load Parameter Identification
Phase Angle Supervision
Subsynchronous oscillation monitor (Som)
Supervision of generator shaft oscillations
Power Quality monitor (PQm)
Phase to Phase and Phase to Neutral Voltages
Positive, Negative and Zero-Sequence Quantities
Single Phase Voltage and Current Quantities
Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Quantities
Voltage and Current Harmonics up to 49th/ 50th order according to IEC 61000-4-7
Harmonic Voltage and Current Indices according to IEC 61000-3-6 and BDEW 2008
Flicker Assessment according to IEC 61400-21
Flicker Meter according to IEC 61000-4-15
Power Plant monitor (PPm)
AVR/Exciter performance supervision
Prime Mover and associated controls supervision (boiler control, primary control, etc.)
multifunctional Disturbance and Event recorder
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Multi-Time-Frame Recording incl. Long Term Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Sequence of Event Recorder (SOE)
Specific DAQ-rates for fast, mid-term and slow transients
Synchronized Trigger Handling across all CMU connected Smart Signal Units (SSU)
grid Code monitor (gCm)
Grid Code Compliance Verification
Support of various Grid Code Definitions incl. ENTSO-E, FERC, EEGG/TR4, China BG/T, South Africa
Phasor measurement Unit (PmU)
IEEE C37.118 /2005 compliance
PFM FunCtional overview The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor is an integrated, multifunctional data acquisition system that covers recording, monitoring and analysis of signals in all relevant time frames. It is especially designed to cover all needs of Transmission, Distribution and Generation on all voltage levels. Flexible hardware and software components allow for the configuration of portable systems, stand alone cabinet mounted installations as well as LAN based multiple units multiple location systems being coordinated and supervised via Master Stations.
The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor provides an excellent overview on grid operation aspects. Capturing of fault transients, e.g. caused by short circuits, grid synchronization or ferro-resonance phenomena, mid-term transients such as power-frequency and voltage excursions as well as the monitoring of steady-state grid characteristics are covered by the multi-time frame recording mechanism.
KEy FUnCtionS WhiCh CoUlD BE oPEratED SimUltanEoUSly arE:
mid-term transients Slow transientsFast transients
Multi-time Frame recording
DDr Dynamic Disturbance RecorderDSm Dynamic System MonitorPmU Phasor Measurement Unit
PPm Power Plant MonitorgCm Grid Code MonitorSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor
DSm Dynamic System Monitorltm Long-Term MonitorPPm Power Plant Monitor
gCm Grid Code MonitorPQm Power Quality Monitor
DFr Digital Fault RecorderSoE Sequence of Event RecorderSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor
Fast transients (Ft)
Triggered instantaneous value and event recording (DFR, SOE, SOM) mid-term transients (mDt)
Triggered mid-term fundamental frequency signal and event recording (DDR, DSM, PPM, GCM, SOM)
Continuous mid-term fundamental frequency signal recording (PMU) Slow transients (Ft)
Continuous slow fundamental frequency signals recording (DSM, LTM, PPM, GCM and PQM)
Any quantity which could either be a native signal as well as a numerically derived signal, deviating from normal conditions is captured, recorded and analysed. In addition, on-line analysis of signals is provided featuring the detection of inherent problems like system and control oscillations, super- vision of connection conditions or power quality aspects. The PowerFactory Monitor is a standalone system including all necessary hardware and software functions for signal conditioning, signal conversion, data storage and processing, calculation and documentation. In addition, remote access is supported via modem, TCPI/IP networks, WWW and special SCADA interface techniques. Several monitoring systems can be synchronized to 1μs using GPS clock for precise parallel sampling and recording analysis.
recording Functions Sampling rate
Scan rate: 15,15kHz
50 cycles/s: 303 samples per cycle
60 cycles/s: 252 samples per cycle
GPS time stamping (1µs)
20 Bit options
Up to 512 samples per cycle
50 cycles/s: up to 25.6 kHz
60 cycles/s: up to 30.72 kHz
Fast transients recording Stream
Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Re-trigger: supported, various setting options
mid-term transients/ Phasor recording Stream
Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 1-60s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 10-600s)
Re-trigger: supported, various setting options
Slow transients recording Stream
Continuous recording of any input signals or user defined signal with typical sampling rates of 0.1-10 samples/s
Recording interval 24x7 over several years
triggering
Threshold and gradient on any input and user defined signal (voltage, power, frequency, phase, sequence quantity, etc.).
Dynamic Trigger on calculated quantities (signal oscillation, PQ-criteria, step changes, etc.)
Manual triggering on visually observed signals and test commands
high Precision Soft transducer
Signal frequency and phase
All relevant RMS quantities on phases and sequence components
Power Quality
Sag / swell, True RMS
Flicker meter (IEC61000-4-15)
Flicker assessment (IEC61400-21)
Harmonics (even, odd, interharmonics up to 50th
order according to IEC 61000-4-7)
Communication
Ethernet / modem (optional)
PFM2PFM communication via TCP/IP based PFM-DsProtocol
IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol
IEC 61850 (Optional)
IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104
Modbus TCP
Digital status input/outputs
Relay outputs
PFm SoFtWarE FEatUrES recording Functions The DIgSILENT PFM features four types of recording mechanisms:
Slow transients monitoring
The PFM monitoring process is continuously reading all signals from the signal unit, calculating RMS and harmonics quantities (snapshot recording). Monitor-ing signals are stored with a sampling rate of 1 Hz or below (typically 0.2 Hz). Monitoring is quite com- parable with trending features of a SCADA system. However, such monitoring archives could be easily reviewed within the PFM system to get an initial and fast overview on the daily system operation. The PFM recording space is sufficient to store the complete information of a number of years.
mid-term transient recording
RMS recording is event driven based on trigger conditions. Typical RMS values recorded are: voltages (phase voltages, +/-/0-sequence voltages), currents, active/reactive/apparent power, power factor, frequency, frequency gradient, etc. The recording rate for RMS values is adjustable, typically up to 2 samples/cycle. RMS recording archives are created for each triggered event. RMS recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 60s pre-trigger time and 600s post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.
Fast transients recording
Instantaneous values (IV values) recordings are also based on trigger conditions. Typical values stored are digital inputs, analogue inputs (signals from CTs and PTs). The recording rate for IV values is typically 252 or 303 samples/cycle. IV recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 0.5 secs pre-trigger time and 2.5 sec. post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.
trigger Conditions
Trigger conditions can be defined as required (limits, gradients, equations, digital input etc.) based on RMS and IV values. Complex algorithms are available to allow for trigger set/reset conditions to avoid nuisance triggering. Automatic re-triggering is supported shall new events appear during post-fault recording time thus extending the recording period (multiple- events recording). Trigger time labels are simply transferred via event file naming. Captured data are stored in COMTRADE files in an automatically created folder structure where for each day/month/year a new subdirectory is created. Handling of such data is made via the comfortable PFM Master Station Software.
iEEE C37.118 protocol
The PFM can work as a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and outputs a C37.118 stream to any phasor data concentrators (PDC). The PFM has also a C37.118 input for existing PMUs in the field.
real time Phasors
On basis of the flexible setup of the PowerFactory Monitor being based on the PowerFactory software frame and high level slot function definitions, various specific measuring devices can be configured. A typical application of such flexibility would be the real time phasor measurement where various phasor quantities are derived from local information, stored, analysed or passed further to remote systems for coordinated stability evaluation.
Power Quality recording
Capturing of voltage sags and high voltage conditions along with the continuous monitoring and recording of harmonic distortion, phase unbalance and other quantities of interest, continuous power quality monitoring is provided. Any recording such as captured voltage sags or daily 24 hours power quality records can be kept locally at the PFM or might be automatically transferred to the Master Station for centralized storage and review.
Supervision of Connection Conditions
Behaviour of power plants during grid upset conditions as per defined Connection Conditions is of crucial interest to guarantee stable grid operation also in critical situations. Such requirement is especially important for large wind parks or in industrial systems with supply critical processes.
automatic analysis
On basis of standard PowerFactory DPL scripts, the PFM/DSM features the automatic analysis of monitoring data streams as well as recorded, event triggered data sequences. This will allow a post-processing of the many recording to determine it’s severity and relevance for further expert analysis. A typical standard feature of the automatic event and monitoring analysis would be the performance of automated printing of all recorded data sequences
DIgSILENT PFM Hardware ConCePtThe PowerFactory Monitor is based on the Control- and Monitoring Unit (CMU), the Signal Units (SU) and the Smart Signal Unit (SSU) which can be combined in a flexible way aiming in a most preformat and economic solution adoptable to any individual needs.
SSU – Smart Signal Unit The SSU is an active, intelligent data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. Besides signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SSU is passing the fast transient signals as well as the mid-term transient, slow transient signal and power quality signals directly to the PFM-DsProtocol backbone for further processing such as centralized triggering and analysis. Optional, the SSU can be used as a stand-alone PMU communicating via the PFM backbone using the IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol.
SU – Signal Unit The SU is an active data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. After signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SU is passing the fast transient signals as via USB hub to a Smart Signal Unit (SS) acting as a channel extender for applications where a large amount of analogue and digital channels are to be handled at one single point. Up to 160 analogue channels with most flexible configurations are supported via one single CMU/SSU with appropriate number of SU extensions. Further extensions are possible via digital Signal Units. Processing of fast transients, mid-term transients, PQ signals as well as slow transients are processed via the CMU.
CMU – Control and Monitoring Unit The Control and Monitoring Unit (CMU) communicates via PFM-DsProtocol (SSU) with the data acquisitions units. Direct user interaction is provided via Web-Server featuring the configuration of SSU, CMU as well as providing on-line view and operation of the supported integrated multifunctional aspects (e.g. DFR, DSM, PQ, etc.). The CMU is directly accessible via the PFM Master Station for centralized operation of a distributed monitoring system. The following functions are provided by the CMU:
Handling of CMU und SSU configuration
Definition and setting of trigger conditions covering all signals passed to the CMU
Definition and management of the FT, MDT and ST signals
Calculation of additional synthetic signals if required, processing of PQ signals
Online display of analogue and digital signals
Execution of SOE processing
Hardware supervision and communication with Master Stations
The CMU is utilizing latest multi-core technologies featuring the handling of a large amount of data and is equipped with high capacity storage devices of at least 32 GB. Any CMU/SU/SSU hardware configuration is establishing a fully featured integrated, multi-functional data acquisition system that can be operated independently of any Master Station. Data storage capacities are typically specified for handling and processing recordings over many years. Access to the CMU is provided via Internet / Web Interface.
PFM Hardware ConFigurationsoption 1 – diStribUted SMart Signal UnitS (SSU) The PowerFactory Monitor (PFM) can be configured as per specific user requirements. Most flexible operation is provided when accessing the CMU via the multi-user Master Station featuring full flexible analysis of all readings collected from the various locations. Independent of the operation and supervision of the various PFM systems installed at several locations in a power system, the Web Interface can be used for commissioning and unit-wise supervision of the various PFM components. The Smart Signal Unit (SSU) shall be applied when signals from various locations within a substation, power plant or from different other locations shall be collected. Typical applications would be dedicated SSUs per bay, large substation with several voltage levels, collection of data of individual generation units (conventional power plants with several units, wind turbines and wind park substation, large PV installations with many central inverters).
option 2 – Centrally ConneCted SignalS UnitS (SU) Shall a huge amount of analogue or digital signals be considered that are brought to a central place, the most cost effective PFM configuration is then based on a number of centrally installed Signal Units (SU) being connected via USB communication to the SSU. Respective setup is typically mounted in a cabinet with all infrastructure required. Access to recorded data for backup and processing is again made via the PowerFactory Master Station supporting multi-user operation as well as the optional interaction with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. For configuration, commissioning and maintenance service direct access via Web Interfaces is again possible independently of the Master Station.
option 3 – portable pFM SySteM Limited to 15 analogue and 16 digital signals, a CMU and SSU can be combined in one single portable 19” rack (PFM300 SSU15-C, 4 HU). Optionally, a larger system being able to handle 32 analogue and 16 digital signals is also available (PFM300 SSU32-C, 7 HU). The 32 channels system can be expanded with further portable SUs or SSUs as required. Operational access to the portable PFM system, e.g. for PFM setup und mobile recording applications is offered via Web Interface. The PowerFactory Master Station software is also available for mobile applications along with the PowerFactory functions.
PFM-DsProtocol
TCP/IP TCP/IP
TCP/IP
...CmU master Station n /PowerFactory
master Station 1 /PowerFactory
Web interface
User 1 User 2 User X
Location 1
Location 2
Location 4
SSU ....SSU SSU
Location 3
SSU
Analogue Signals
Digital Signals
GPS RECEIVER
2*GBit/s PFM Backbone
PFM-DsProtocol IEEE C37.118PMU Protocol
IEC 61850 / 60870
Smart Signal Unit(SSU)
DIgSILENT GmbHCompany Profile
DIgSILENT GmbH is a consulting and software
company providing engineering services in the
field of electrical power systems for transmission,
distribution, generation and industrial plants.
DIgSILENT GmbH was founded in 1985 and is
a fully independent, privately owned company
located in Gomaringen/Tübingen, Germany, where
the new offices have been in operation since
early 2002. DIgSILENT continued expansion by
establishing offices in Australia, South Africa,
Italy, Chile and Spain, thereby facilitating
improved service following the world-wide
increased use of its products and services.
DIgSILENT has established a strong partner
network in many countries such as Mexico,
Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, Peru,
Argentina, Iran, Venezuela and China. DIgSILENT
services and software installations have been
conducted in more than 110 countries.
DIgSILENT PowerFactory
DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated
power system analysis software PowerFactory,
which covers the full range of functionality from
standard features to highly sophisticated and
advanced applications including wind power,
dispersed generation, real-time simulation and
performance monitoring for system testing and
supervision. For wind power applications, Power
Factory has become the power industry’s de-facto
standard tool, due to PowerFactory models
and algorithms providing unmet accuracy and
performance.
DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central
protection settings database and management
system for the complete power system substation
data based on latest .NET technology. Station-
Ware stores and records all settings in a central
database, allows modelling of relevant workflow
sequences, provides quick access to relay manuals,
interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings
software and integrates with PowerFactory
software, allowing powerful and easy-to-use
settings co-ordination studies.
DIgSILENT Consulting
DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of various
disciplines relevant for performing consulting
services, research activities, user training,
educational programs and software developments.
Highly specialized expertise is available in many
fields of electrical engineering applicable to
liberalized power markets and to the latest
developments in power generation technologies
such as wind power and dispersed genertion.
DIgSILENT has provided expert consulting services
to several prominent wind-grid integration studies.
PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance
recording and monitoring system that copes easily
and efficiently with the special requirements for
system test implementation, system performance
supervision and the determination and supervision
of connection characteristics. Numerous Monitoring
Systems installed at various grid locations can be
integrated to a Wide-Area-Measurement-System
(WAMS). The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates
with the PowerFactory.
DIgSILENT GmbHCompany Profile
digSilent gmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Straße 9
72810 Gomaringen
Germany
Phone: +49-7072-9168-0
Fax: +49-7072-9168-88
Internet: www.digsilent.de
E-mail: mail@digsilent.de
P O W E R S Y S T E M E N G I N E E R I N G A N D S O F T W A R E
Power System Monitoring and Analysis
The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor
ProduCt suMMary integrated, multifunction dynamic system Monitor
Network Performance Monitor (DSM)Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)Continuous Recorder (CR)Grid Code Monitor (GCM)Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)Power Plant Monitor (PPM)Power Quality Monitor (PQM)Long-term Trend Monitoring (LTM)Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)
distributed, Hierarchical Monitoring Concept
Multiple Smart Signal Units (SSU)
Plant & Substation Control andMonitoring Unit (CMU)Hierarchical Monitoring StructureMulti-User Master Station ConceptAutomated High Level Post ProcessingIntegrated with DIgSILENT PowerFactory Flexible Hardware and software Concept
Cabinet-based and portable SystemsFlexible Smart Signal Unit ConfigurationAdvanced A/D TechnologyLocal- and Remote Operation ModePowerFactory based Software Technology
ProduCt BeneFits Cost Effective multi-Purpose Solution
multifunction Plant and Substation monitor
Wide-area monitoring and grid Supervision
Direct interaction with analytical grids analysis
PFm tEChniCal SPECiFiCationPFm 300 Versions
SSU15-C
Basic FeaturesCMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
15 analogue input channels
16 digital inputs channels
7 digital output channels option portable version
SSU32-C /E
Basic Features
CMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels options
Extendable with up to 4 Signal Units (SU32) totalling to up to 160 analogue channels and 80 digital input channels
Extendable with up to 8 Smart Signal Units (SSU32) totalling to up to 288 analogue channels and 144 digital input channels
Extendable with up to 256 digital signal inputs (DU128/256) totalling to up to 336 digital input channels
redundant power supply
portable version
Smart Signal Unit SSU32 Basic Features
SSU hardware
non-redundant power supply
LAN link to SSU15/32-C/E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels
options
redundant power supply
portable version
Signal Unit SU32
Basic Features
SU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E USB link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
option
portable version
SU-D128 / SU-D256Basic Features
DU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E
LAN link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 ms signal synchronization
128/256 digital input channels
option
portable version
PFm 300 CharaCtEriStiCS overview Up to 288 analogue and 336 digital input channels
Up to 7 relay outputs for alarms
Scan rate 15,15 kHz, 16 bits resolution (optional: 30.72 kHz, 20 bits resolution)
Self-diagnostic, watch-dog and auto-boot
Alarm contacts: 1 alive and 6 programmable (optional)
SSU-15
Intel Celeron, 2 GByte DDR
32 GB Flash Memory
SSU-32 / CmUIntel Embedded i7, 4 GByte DDR
128/256 GByte SSD Storage
Communication
Ethernet network, TCP/IP protocol, 10/100/1000Mb/s
PFM-DsProtocol, C37.118 PMU protocol
LAN ports: 2*rear, 1*front
19” Enclosure
SU32: 3*HU
SSU15-C: 4*HU
SSU32, SSU32-C, SSU32-C/E: 7*HU
Supply Voltage
100-360 VDC and 90 -240 VAC
SU / SSU Channel Characteristics
analogue Channels
15/32 analogue channels / SU / SSU, flexible input configuration
Current input
Input : 3x 1 or 5 A (nominal)
Range: 4x In
Accuracy: 0.1%
Overload: 150 A, 1s; 4x In cont.
Voltage input
Input : 3x 150V p-n
Range: 2x Vn
Accuracy: 0.08%
Small signals input
1mV, 10mV, 1V, 10V, ±20mA
DIgSILENTThe PowerFactory Monitor
DIgSILENT Integrated, multifunction Dynamic System MonitorUnbundling of electricity supply systems and the introduction of new technologies in all areas of generation, transmission and distribution has made power system operation more complex. Supervision of generator performance according to Grid Codes and Connection Conditions, the stability supervision of large transmission networks at specific locations, verification of power quality criteria in distribution systems as well as the determination and analysis of key system parameters has generated the need for power system monitoring and grid supervision beyond classical fault recording and SCADA based trending. Under those aspects, wide area monitoring (WAM) via phase measurement units (PMU) is just a special case of a monitoring application. The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software featuring easy access of recorded data, analysis of trends, verification of system upset responses and test results.
PFM ProduCt aPPliCationDynamic System & network Performance monitor (DSm)
Voltage Stability Monitoring and Steady-State Instability Supervision
Generation Outage, Load Rejection and System Frequency Response Analysis
Primary- and Secondary Response Supervision
Load Shedding Tuning and Optimization
Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Effectiveness Supervision
Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis
Tie-Line Power Exchange and Network Control Characteristics
Control Performance Supervision and Identification
Generator and Load Parameter Identification
Phase Angle Supervision
Subsynchronous oscillation monitor (Som)
Supervision of generator shaft oscillations
Power Quality monitor (PQm)
Phase to Phase and Phase to Neutral Voltages
Positive, Negative and Zero-Sequence Quantities
Single Phase Voltage and Current Quantities
Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Quantities
Voltage and Current Harmonics up to 49th/ 50th order according to IEC 61000-4-7
Harmonic Voltage and Current Indices according to IEC 61000-3-6 and BDEW 2008
Flicker Assessment according to IEC 61400-21
Flicker Meter according to IEC 61000-4-15
Power Plant monitor (PPm)
AVR/Exciter performance supervision
Prime Mover and associated controls supervision (boiler control, primary control, etc.)
multifunctional Disturbance and Event recorder
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Multi-Time-Frame Recording incl. Long Term Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Sequence of Event Recorder (SOE)
Specific DAQ-rates for fast, mid-term and slow transients
Synchronized Trigger Handling across all CMU connected Smart Signal Units (SSU)
grid Code monitor (gCm)
Grid Code Compliance Verification
Support of various Grid Code Definitions incl. ENTSO-E, FERC, EEGG/TR4, China BG/T, South Africa
Phasor measurement Unit (PmU)
IEEE C37.118 /2005 compliance
PFM FunCtional overview The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor is an integrated, multifunctional data acquisition system that covers recording, monitoring and analysis of signals in all relevant time frames. It is especially designed to cover all needs of Transmission, Distribution and Generation on all voltage levels. Flexible hardware and software components allow for the configuration of portable systems, stand alone cabinet mounted installations as well as LAN based multiple units multiple location systems being coordinated and supervised via Master Stations.
The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor provides an excellent overview on grid operation aspects. Capturing of fault transients, e.g. caused by short circuits, grid synchronization or ferro-resonance phenomena, mid-term transients such as power-frequency and voltage excursions as well as the monitoring of steady-state grid characteristics are covered by the multi-time frame recording mechanism.
KEy FUnCtionS WhiCh CoUlD BE oPEratED SimUltanEoUSly arE:
mid-term transients Slow transientsFast transients
Multi-time Frame recording
DDr Dynamic Disturbance RecorderDSm Dynamic System MonitorPmU Phasor Measurement Unit
PPm Power Plant MonitorgCm Grid Code MonitorSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor
DSm Dynamic System Monitorltm Long-Term MonitorPPm Power Plant Monitor
gCm Grid Code MonitorPQm Power Quality Monitor
DFr Digital Fault RecorderSoE Sequence of Event RecorderSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor
Fast transients (Ft)
Triggered instantaneous value and event recording (DFR, SOE, SOM) mid-term transients (mDt)
Triggered mid-term fundamental frequency signal and event recording (DDR, DSM, PPM, GCM, SOM)
Continuous mid-term fundamental frequency signal recording (PMU) Slow transients (Ft)
Continuous slow fundamental frequency signals recording (DSM, LTM, PPM, GCM and PQM)
Any quantity which could either be a native signal as well as a numerically derived signal, deviating from normal conditions is captured, recorded and analysed. In addition, on-line analysis of signals is provided featuring the detection of inherent problems like system and control oscillations, super- vision of connection conditions or power quality aspects. The PowerFactory Monitor is a standalone system including all necessary hardware and software functions for signal conditioning, signal conversion, data storage and processing, calculation and documentation. In addition, remote access is supported via modem, TCPI/IP networks, WWW and special SCADA interface techniques. Several monitoring systems can be synchronized to 1μs using GPS clock for precise parallel sampling and recording analysis.
recording Functions Sampling rate
Scan rate: 15,15kHz
50 cycles/s: 303 samples per cycle
60 cycles/s: 252 samples per cycle
GPS time stamping (1µs)
20 Bit options
Up to 512 samples per cycle
50 cycles/s: up to 25.6 kHz
60 cycles/s: up to 30.72 kHz
Fast transients recording Stream
Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Re-trigger: supported, various setting options
mid-term transients/ Phasor recording Stream
Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 1-60s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 10-600s)
Re-trigger: supported, various setting options
Slow transients recording Stream
Continuous recording of any input signals or user defined signal with typical sampling rates of 0.1-10 samples/s
Recording interval 24x7 over several years
triggering
Threshold and gradient on any input and user defined signal (voltage, power, frequency, phase, sequence quantity, etc.).
Dynamic Trigger on calculated quantities (signal oscillation, PQ-criteria, step changes, etc.)
Manual triggering on visually observed signals and test commands
high Precision Soft transducer
Signal frequency and phase
All relevant RMS quantities on phases and sequence components
Power Quality
Sag / swell, True RMS
Flicker meter (IEC61000-4-15)
Flicker assessment (IEC61400-21)
Harmonics (even, odd, interharmonics up to 50th
order according to IEC 61000-4-7)
Communication
Ethernet / modem (optional)
PFM2PFM communication via TCP/IP based PFM-DsProtocol
IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol
IEC 61850 (Optional)
IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104
Modbus TCP
Digital status input/outputs
Relay outputs
PFm SoFtWarE FEatUrES recording Functions The DIgSILENT PFM features four types of recording mechanisms:
Slow transients monitoring
The PFM monitoring process is continuously reading all signals from the signal unit, calculating RMS and harmonics quantities (snapshot recording). Monitor-ing signals are stored with a sampling rate of 1 Hz or below (typically 0.2 Hz). Monitoring is quite com- parable with trending features of a SCADA system. However, such monitoring archives could be easily reviewed within the PFM system to get an initial and fast overview on the daily system operation. The PFM recording space is sufficient to store the complete information of a number of years.
mid-term transient recording
RMS recording is event driven based on trigger conditions. Typical RMS values recorded are: voltages (phase voltages, +/-/0-sequence voltages), currents, active/reactive/apparent power, power factor, frequency, frequency gradient, etc. The recording rate for RMS values is adjustable, typically up to 2 samples/cycle. RMS recording archives are created for each triggered event. RMS recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 60s pre-trigger time and 600s post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.
Fast transients recording
Instantaneous values (IV values) recordings are also based on trigger conditions. Typical values stored are digital inputs, analogue inputs (signals from CTs and PTs). The recording rate for IV values is typically 252 or 303 samples/cycle. IV recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 0.5 secs pre-trigger time and 2.5 sec. post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.
trigger Conditions
Trigger conditions can be defined as required (limits, gradients, equations, digital input etc.) based on RMS and IV values. Complex algorithms are available to allow for trigger set/reset conditions to avoid nuisance triggering. Automatic re-triggering is supported shall new events appear during post-fault recording time thus extending the recording period (multiple- events recording). Trigger time labels are simply transferred via event file naming. Captured data are stored in COMTRADE files in an automatically created folder structure where for each day/month/year a new subdirectory is created. Handling of such data is made via the comfortable PFM Master Station Software.
iEEE C37.118 protocol
The PFM can work as a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and outputs a C37.118 stream to any phasor data concentrators (PDC). The PFM has also a C37.118 input for existing PMUs in the field.
real time Phasors
On basis of the flexible setup of the PowerFactory Monitor being based on the PowerFactory software frame and high level slot function definitions, various specific measuring devices can be configured. A typical application of such flexibility would be the real time phasor measurement where various phasor quantities are derived from local information, stored, analysed or passed further to remote systems for coordinated stability evaluation.
Power Quality recording
Capturing of voltage sags and high voltage conditions along with the continuous monitoring and recording of harmonic distortion, phase unbalance and other quantities of interest, continuous power quality monitoring is provided. Any recording such as captured voltage sags or daily 24 hours power quality records can be kept locally at the PFM or might be automatically transferred to the Master Station for centralized storage and review.
Supervision of Connection Conditions
Behaviour of power plants during grid upset conditions as per defined Connection Conditions is of crucial interest to guarantee stable grid operation also in critical situations. Such requirement is especially important for large wind parks or in industrial systems with supply critical processes.
automatic analysis
On basis of standard PowerFactory DPL scripts, the PFM/DSM features the automatic analysis of monitoring data streams as well as recorded, event triggered data sequences. This will allow a post-processing of the many recording to determine it’s severity and relevance for further expert analysis. A typical standard feature of the automatic event and monitoring analysis would be the performance of automated printing of all recorded data sequences
PFm tEChniCal SPECiFiCationPFm 300 Versions
SSU15-C
Basic FeaturesCMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
15 analogue input channels
16 digital inputs channels
7 digital output channels option portable version
SSU32-C /E
Basic Features
CMU hardware and software
Web Interface
non-redundant power supply
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels options
Extendable with up to 4 Signal Units (SU32) totalling to up to 160 analogue channels and 80 digital input channels
Extendable with up to 8 Smart Signal Units (SSU32) totalling to up to 288 analogue channels and 144 digital input channels
Extendable with up to 256 digital signal inputs (DU128/256) totalling to up to 336 digital input channels
redundant power supply
portable version
Smart Signal Unit SSU32 Basic Features
SSU hardware
non-redundant power supply
LAN link to SSU15/32-C/E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
7 digital output channels
options
redundant power supply
portable version
Signal Unit SU32
Basic Features
SU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E USB link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1µ signal synchronization
32 analogue input channels
16 digital input channels
option
portable version
SU-D128 / SU-D256Basic Features
DU hardware
Power from SSU32-C-E
LAN link to SSU32-C-E
Supported Extensions
GPS / 1 ms signal synchronization
128/256 digital input channels
option
portable version
PFm 300 CharaCtEriStiCS overview Up to 288 analogue and 336 digital input channels
Up to 7 relay outputs for alarms
Scan rate 15,15 kHz, 16 bits resolution (optional: 30.72 kHz, 20 bits resolution)
Self-diagnostic, watch-dog and auto-boot
Alarm contacts: 1 alive and 6 programmable (optional)
SSU-15
Intel Celeron, 2 GByte DDR
32 GB Flash Memory
SSU-32 / CmUIntel Embedded i7, 4 GByte DDR
128/256 GByte SSD Storage
Communication
Ethernet network, TCP/IP protocol, 10/100/1000Mb/s
PFM-DsProtocol, C37.118 PMU protocol
LAN ports: 2*rear, 1*front
19” Enclosure
SU32: 3*HU
SSU15-C: 4*HU
SSU32, SSU32-C, SSU32-C/E: 7*HU
Supply Voltage
100-360 VDC and 90 -240 VAC
SU / SSU Channel Characteristics
analogue Channels
15/32 analogue channels / SU / SSU, flexible input configuration
Current input
Input : 3x 1 or 5 A (nominal)
Range: 4x In
Accuracy: 0.1%
Overload: 150 A, 1s; 4x In cont.
Voltage input
Input : 3x 150V p-n
Range: 2x Vn
Accuracy: 0.08%
Small signals input
1mV, 10mV, 1V, 10V, ±20mA
DIgSILENTThe PowerFactory Monitor
DIgSILENT Integrated, multifunction Dynamic System MonitorUnbundling of electricity supply systems and the introduction of new technologies in all areas of generation, transmission and distribution has made power system operation more complex. Supervision of generator performance according to Grid Codes and Connection Conditions, the stability supervision of large transmission networks at specific locations, verification of power quality criteria in distribution systems as well as the determination and analysis of key system parameters has generated the need for power system monitoring and grid supervision beyond classical fault recording and SCADA based trending. Under those aspects, wide area monitoring (WAM) via phase measurement units (PMU) is just a special case of a monitoring application. The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software featuring easy access of recorded data, analysis of trends, verification of system upset responses and test results.
PFM ProduCt aPPliCationDynamic System & network Performance monitor (DSm)
Voltage Stability Monitoring and Steady-State Instability Supervision
Generation Outage, Load Rejection and System Frequency Response Analysis
Primary- and Secondary Response Supervision
Load Shedding Tuning and Optimization
Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Effectiveness Supervision
Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis
Tie-Line Power Exchange and Network Control Characteristics
Control Performance Supervision and Identification
Generator and Load Parameter Identification
Phase Angle Supervision
Subsynchronous oscillation monitor (Som)
Supervision of generator shaft oscillations
Power Quality monitor (PQm)
Phase to Phase and Phase to Neutral Voltages
Positive, Negative and Zero-Sequence Quantities
Single Phase Voltage and Current Quantities
Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Quantities
Voltage and Current Harmonics up to 49th/ 50th order according to IEC 61000-4-7
Harmonic Voltage and Current Indices according to IEC 61000-3-6 and BDEW 2008
Flicker Assessment according to IEC 61400-21
Flicker Meter according to IEC 61000-4-15
Power Plant monitor (PPm)
AVR/Exciter performance supervision
Prime Mover and associated controls supervision (boiler control, primary control, etc.)
multifunctional Disturbance and Event recorder
Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)
Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)
Multi-Time-Frame Recording incl. Long Term Trend Monitoring (LTM)
Sequence of Event Recorder (SOE)
Specific DAQ-rates for fast, mid-term and slow transients
Synchronized Trigger Handling across all CMU connected Smart Signal Units (SSU)
grid Code monitor (gCm)
Grid Code Compliance Verification
Support of various Grid Code Definitions incl. ENTSO-E, FERC, EEGG/TR4, China BG/T, South Africa
Phasor measurement Unit (PmU)
IEEE C37.118 /2005 compliance
PFM FunCtional overview The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor is an integrated, multifunctional data acquisition system that covers recording, monitoring and analysis of signals in all relevant time frames. It is especially designed to cover all needs of Transmission, Distribution and Generation on all voltage levels. Flexible hardware and software components allow for the configuration of portable systems, stand alone cabinet mounted installations as well as LAN based multiple units multiple location systems being coordinated and supervised via Master Stations.
The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor provides an excellent overview on grid operation aspects. Capturing of fault transients, e.g. caused by short circuits, grid synchronization or ferro-resonance phenomena, mid-term transients such as power-frequency and voltage excursions as well as the monitoring of steady-state grid characteristics are covered by the multi-time frame recording mechanism.
KEy FUnCtionS WhiCh CoUlD BE oPEratED SimUltanEoUSly arE:
mid-term transients Slow transientsFast transients
Multi-time Frame recording
DDr Dynamic Disturbance RecorderDSm Dynamic System MonitorPmU Phasor Measurement Unit
PPm Power Plant MonitorgCm Grid Code MonitorSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor
DSm Dynamic System Monitorltm Long-Term MonitorPPm Power Plant Monitor
gCm Grid Code MonitorPQm Power Quality Monitor
DFr Digital Fault RecorderSoE Sequence of Event RecorderSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor
Fast transients (Ft)
Triggered instantaneous value and event recording (DFR, SOE, SOM) mid-term transients (mDt)
Triggered mid-term fundamental frequency signal and event recording (DDR, DSM, PPM, GCM, SOM)
Continuous mid-term fundamental frequency signal recording (PMU) Slow transients (Ft)
Continuous slow fundamental frequency signals recording (DSM, LTM, PPM, GCM and PQM)
Any quantity which could either be a native signal as well as a numerically derived signal, deviating from normal conditions is captured, recorded and analysed. In addition, on-line analysis of signals is provided featuring the detection of inherent problems like system and control oscillations, super- vision of connection conditions or power quality aspects. The PowerFactory Monitor is a standalone system including all necessary hardware and software functions for signal conditioning, signal conversion, data storage and processing, calculation and documentation. In addition, remote access is supported via modem, TCPI/IP networks, WWW and special SCADA interface techniques. Several monitoring systems can be synchronized to 1μs using GPS clock for precise parallel sampling and recording analysis.
recording Functions Sampling rate
Scan rate: 15,15kHz
50 cycles/s: 303 samples per cycle
60 cycles/s: 252 samples per cycle
GPS time stamping (1µs)
20 Bit options
Up to 512 samples per cycle
50 cycles/s: up to 25.6 kHz
60 cycles/s: up to 30.72 kHz
Fast transients recording Stream
Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)
Re-trigger: supported, various setting options
mid-term transients/ Phasor recording Stream
Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 1-60s)
Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 10-600s)
Re-trigger: supported, various setting options
Slow transients recording Stream
Continuous recording of any input signals or user defined signal with typical sampling rates of 0.1-10 samples/s
Recording interval 24x7 over several years
triggering
Threshold and gradient on any input and user defined signal (voltage, power, frequency, phase, sequence quantity, etc.).
Dynamic Trigger on calculated quantities (signal oscillation, PQ-criteria, step changes, etc.)
Manual triggering on visually observed signals and test commands
high Precision Soft transducer
Signal frequency and phase
All relevant RMS quantities on phases and sequence components
Power Quality
Sag / swell, True RMS
Flicker meter (IEC61000-4-15)
Flicker assessment (IEC61400-21)
Harmonics (even, odd, interharmonics up to 50th
order according to IEC 61000-4-7)
Communication
Ethernet / modem (optional)
PFM2PFM communication via TCP/IP based PFM-DsProtocol
IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol
IEC 61850 (Optional)
IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104
Modbus TCP
Digital status input/outputs
Relay outputs
PFm SoFtWarE FEatUrES recording Functions The DIgSILENT PFM features four types of recording mechanisms:
Slow transients monitoring
The PFM monitoring process is continuously reading all signals from the signal unit, calculating RMS and harmonics quantities (snapshot recording). Monitor-ing signals are stored with a sampling rate of 1 Hz or below (typically 0.2 Hz). Monitoring is quite com- parable with trending features of a SCADA system. However, such monitoring archives could be easily reviewed within the PFM system to get an initial and fast overview on the daily system operation. The PFM recording space is sufficient to store the complete information of a number of years.
mid-term transient recording
RMS recording is event driven based on trigger conditions. Typical RMS values recorded are: voltages (phase voltages, +/-/0-sequence voltages), currents, active/reactive/apparent power, power factor, frequency, frequency gradient, etc. The recording rate for RMS values is adjustable, typically up to 2 samples/cycle. RMS recording archives are created for each triggered event. RMS recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 60s pre-trigger time and 600s post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.
Fast transients recording
Instantaneous values (IV values) recordings are also based on trigger conditions. Typical values stored are digital inputs, analogue inputs (signals from CTs and PTs). The recording rate for IV values is typically 252 or 303 samples/cycle. IV recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 0.5 secs pre-trigger time and 2.5 sec. post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.
trigger Conditions
Trigger conditions can be defined as required (limits, gradients, equations, digital input etc.) based on RMS and IV values. Complex algorithms are available to allow for trigger set/reset conditions to avoid nuisance triggering. Automatic re-triggering is supported shall new events appear during post-fault recording time thus extending the recording period (multiple- events recording). Trigger time labels are simply transferred via event file naming. Captured data are stored in COMTRADE files in an automatically created folder structure where for each day/month/year a new subdirectory is created. Handling of such data is made via the comfortable PFM Master Station Software.
iEEE C37.118 protocol
The PFM can work as a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and outputs a C37.118 stream to any phasor data concentrators (PDC). The PFM has also a C37.118 input for existing PMUs in the field.
real time Phasors
On basis of the flexible setup of the PowerFactory Monitor being based on the PowerFactory software frame and high level slot function definitions, various specific measuring devices can be configured. A typical application of such flexibility would be the real time phasor measurement where various phasor quantities are derived from local information, stored, analysed or passed further to remote systems for coordinated stability evaluation.
Power Quality recording
Capturing of voltage sags and high voltage conditions along with the continuous monitoring and recording of harmonic distortion, phase unbalance and other quantities of interest, continuous power quality monitoring is provided. Any recording such as captured voltage sags or daily 24 hours power quality records can be kept locally at the PFM or might be automatically transferred to the Master Station for centralized storage and review.
Supervision of Connection Conditions
Behaviour of power plants during grid upset conditions as per defined Connection Conditions is of crucial interest to guarantee stable grid operation also in critical situations. Such requirement is especially important for large wind parks or in industrial systems with supply critical processes.
automatic analysis
On basis of standard PowerFactory DPL scripts, the PFM/DSM features the automatic analysis of monitoring data streams as well as recorded, event triggered data sequences. This will allow a post-processing of the many recording to determine it’s severity and relevance for further expert analysis. A typical standard feature of the automatic event and monitoring analysis would be the performance of automated printing of all recorded data sequences
DIgSILENT PFM Hardware ConCePtThe PowerFactory Monitor is based on the Control- and Monitoring Unit (CMU), the Signal Units (SU) and the Smart Signal Unit (SSU) which can be combined in a flexible way aiming in a most preformat and economic solution adoptable to any individual needs.
SSU – Smart Signal Unit The SSU is an active, intelligent data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. Besides signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SSU is passing the fast transient signals as well as the mid-term transient, slow transient signal and power quality signals directly to the PFM-DsProtocol backbone for further processing such as centralized triggering and analysis. Optional, the SSU can be used as a stand-alone PMU communicating via the PFM backbone using the IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol.
SU – Signal Unit The SU is an active data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. After signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SU is passing the fast transient signals as via USB hub to a Smart Signal Unit (SS) acting as a channel extender for applications where a large amount of analogue and digital channels are to be handled at one single point. Up to 160 analogue channels with most flexible configurations are supported via one single CMU/SSU with appropriate number of SU extensions. Further extensions are possible via digital Signal Units. Processing of fast transients, mid-term transients, PQ signals as well as slow transients are processed via the CMU.
CMU – Control and Monitoring Unit The Control and Monitoring Unit (CMU) communicates via PFM-DsProtocol (SSU) with the data acquisitions units. Direct user interaction is provided via Web-Server featuring the configuration of SSU, CMU as well as providing on-line view and operation of the supported integrated multifunctional aspects (e.g. DFR, DSM, PQ, etc.). The CMU is directly accessible via the PFM Master Station for centralized operation of a distributed monitoring system. The following functions are provided by the CMU:
Handling of CMU und SSU configuration
Definition and setting of trigger conditions covering all signals passed to the CMU
Definition and management of the FT, MDT and ST signals
Calculation of additional synthetic signals if required, processing of PQ signals
Online display of analogue and digital signals
Execution of SOE processing
Hardware supervision and communication with Master Stations
The CMU is utilizing latest multi-core technologies featuring the handling of a large amount of data and is equipped with high capacity storage devices of at least 32 GB. Any CMU/SU/SSU hardware configuration is establishing a fully featured integrated, multi-functional data acquisition system that can be operated independently of any Master Station. Data storage capacities are typically specified for handling and processing recordings over many years. Access to the CMU is provided via Internet / Web Interface.
PFM Hardware ConFigurationsoption 1 – diStribUted SMart Signal UnitS (SSU) The PowerFactory Monitor (PFM) can be configured as per specific user requirements. Most flexible operation is provided when accessing the CMU via the multi-user Master Station featuring full flexible analysis of all readings collected from the various locations. Independent of the operation and supervision of the various PFM systems installed at several locations in a power system, the Web Interface can be used for commissioning and unit-wise supervision of the various PFM components. The Smart Signal Unit (SSU) shall be applied when signals from various locations within a substation, power plant or from different other locations shall be collected. Typical applications would be dedicated SSUs per bay, large substation with several voltage levels, collection of data of individual generation units (conventional power plants with several units, wind turbines and wind park substation, large PV installations with many central inverters).
option 2 – Centrally ConneCted SignalS UnitS (SU) Shall a huge amount of analogue or digital signals be considered that are brought to a central place, the most cost effective PFM configuration is then based on a number of centrally installed Signal Units (SU) being connected via USB communication to the SSU. Respective setup is typically mounted in a cabinet with all infrastructure required. Access to recorded data for backup and processing is again made via the PowerFactory Master Station supporting multi-user operation as well as the optional interaction with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. For configuration, commissioning and maintenance service direct access via Web Interfaces is again possible independently of the Master Station.
option 3 – portable pFM SySteM Limited to 15 analogue and 16 digital signals, a CMU and SSU can be combined in one single portable 19” rack (PFM300 SSU15-C, 4 HU). Optionally, a larger system being able to handle 32 analogue and 16 digital signals is also available (PFM300 SSU32-C, 7 HU). The 32 channels system can be expanded with further portable SUs or SSUs as required. Operational access to the portable PFM system, e.g. for PFM setup und mobile recording applications is offered via Web Interface. The PowerFactory Master Station software is also available for mobile applications along with the PowerFactory functions.
PFM-DsProtocol
TCP/IP TCP/IP
TCP/IP
...CmU master Station n /PowerFactory
master Station 1 /PowerFactory
Web interface
User 1 User 2 User X
Location 1
Location 2
Location 4
SSU ....SSU SSU
Location 3
SSU
Analogue Signals
Digital Signals
GPS RECEIVER
2*GBit/s PFM Backbone
PFM-DsProtocol IEEE C37.118PMU Protocol
IEC 61850 / 60870
Smart Signal Unit(SSU)
DIgSILENT GmbHCompany Profile
DIgSILENT GmbH is a consulting and software
company providing engineering services in the
field of electrical power systems for transmission,
distribution, generation and industrial plants.
DIgSILENT GmbH was founded in 1985 and is
a fully independent, privately owned company
located in Gomaringen/Tübingen, Germany, where
the new offices have been in operation since
early 2002. DIgSILENT continued expansion by
establishing offices in Australia, South Africa,
Italy, Chile and Spain, thereby facilitating
improved service following the world-wide
increased use of its products and services.
DIgSILENT has established a strong partner
network in many countries such as Mexico,
Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, Peru,
Argentina, Iran, Venezuela and China. DIgSILENT
services and software installations have been
conducted in more than 110 countries.
DIgSILENT PowerFactory
DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated
power system analysis software PowerFactory,
which covers the full range of functionality from
standard features to highly sophisticated and
advanced applications including wind power,
dispersed generation, real-time simulation and
performance monitoring for system testing and
supervision. For wind power applications, Power
Factory has become the power industry’s de-facto
standard tool, due to PowerFactory models
and algorithms providing unmet accuracy and
performance.
DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central
protection settings database and management
system for the complete power system substation
data based on latest .NET technology. Station-
Ware stores and records all settings in a central
database, allows modelling of relevant workflow
sequences, provides quick access to relay manuals,
interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings
software and integrates with PowerFactory
software, allowing powerful and easy-to-use
settings co-ordination studies.
DIgSILENT Consulting
DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of various
disciplines relevant for performing consulting
services, research activities, user training,
educational programs and software developments.
Highly specialized expertise is available in many
fields of electrical engineering applicable to
liberalized power markets and to the latest
developments in power generation technologies
such as wind power and dispersed genertion.
DIgSILENT has provided expert consulting services
to several prominent wind-grid integration studies.
PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance
recording and monitoring system that copes easily
and efficiently with the special requirements for
system test implementation, system performance
supervision and the determination and supervision
of connection characteristics. Numerous Monitoring
Systems installed at various grid locations can be
integrated to a Wide-Area-Measurement-System
(WAMS). The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates
with the PowerFactory.
DIgSILENT GmbHCompany Profile
digSilent gmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Straße 9
72810 Gomaringen
Germany
Phone: +49-7072-9168-0
Fax: +49-7072-9168-88
Internet: www.digsilent.de
E-mail: mail@digsilent.de
P O W E R S Y S T E M E N G I N E E R I N G A N D S O F T W A R E
Power System Monitoring and Analysis
The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor
ProduCt suMMary integrated, multifunction dynamic system Monitor
Network Performance Monitor (DSM)Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)Continuous Recorder (CR)Grid Code Monitor (GCM)Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)Power Plant Monitor (PPM)Power Quality Monitor (PQM)Long-term Trend Monitoring (LTM)Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)
distributed, Hierarchical Monitoring Concept
Multiple Smart Signal Units (SSU)
Plant & Substation Control andMonitoring Unit (CMU)Hierarchical Monitoring StructureMulti-User Master Station ConceptAutomated High Level Post ProcessingIntegrated with DIgSILENT PowerFactory Flexible Hardware and software Concept
Cabinet-based and portable SystemsFlexible Smart Signal Unit ConfigurationAdvanced A/D TechnologyLocal- and Remote Operation ModePowerFactory based Software Technology
ProduCt BeneFits Cost Effective multi-Purpose Solution
multifunction Plant and Substation monitor
Wide-area monitoring and grid Supervision
Direct interaction with analytical grids analysis
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