the digsilent powerfactory monitor

DIgSILENT PFM Hardware ConCePtThe PowerFactory Monitor is based on the Control- and Monitoring Unit (CMU), the Signal Units (SU) and the Smart Signal Unit (SSU) which can be combined in a flexible way aiming in a most preformat and economic solution adoptable to any individual needs.

SSU – Smart Signal Unit The SSU is an active, intelligent data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. Besides signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SSU is passing the fast transient signals as well as the mid-term transient, slow transient signal and power quality signals directly to the PFM-DsProtocol backbone for further processing such as centralized triggering and analysis. Optional, the SSU can be used as a stand-alone PMU communicating via the PFM backbone using the IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol.

SU – Signal Unit The SU is an active data acquisition system that can handle up to 32 analogue and 16 digital channels. Channel characteristics can be configured in a flexible way covering CT and VT signal types as well as small signals such as mA and mV. A wide range of input cards is available to cope with any type of measurement task. After signal conditioning and signal conversion, the SU is passing the fast transient signals as via USB hub to a Smart Signal Unit (SS) acting as a channel extender for applications where a large amount of analogue and digital channels are to be handled at one single point. Up to 160 analogue channels with most flexible configurations are supported via one single CMU/SSU with appropriate number of SU extensions. Further extensions are possible via digital Signal Units. Processing of fast transients, mid-term transients, PQ signals as well as slow transients are processed via the CMU.

CMU – Control and Monitoring Unit The Control and Monitoring Unit (CMU) communicates via PFM-DsProtocol (SSU) with the data acquisitions units. Direct user interaction is provided via Web-Server featuring the configuration of SSU, CMU as well as providing on-line view and operation of the supported integrated multifunctional aspects (e.g. DFR, DSM, PQ, etc.). The CMU is directly accessible via the PFM Master Station for centralized operation of a distributed monitoring system. The following functions are provided by the CMU:

Handling of CMU und SSU configuration

Definition and setting of trigger conditions covering all signals passed to the CMU

Definition and management of the FT, MDT and ST signals

Calculation of additional synthetic signals if required, processing of PQ signals

Online display of analogue and digital signals

Execution of SOE processing

Hardware supervision and communication with Master Stations

The CMU is utilizing latest multi-core technologies featuring the handling of a large amount of data and is equipped with high capacity storage devices of at least 32 GB. Any CMU/SU/SSU hardware configuration is establishing a fully featured integrated, multi-functional data acquisition system that can be operated independently of any Master Station. Data storage capacities are typically specified for handling and processing recordings over many years. Access to the CMU is provided via Internet / Web Interface.

PFM Hardware ConFigurationsoption 1 – diStribUted SMart Signal UnitS (SSU) The PowerFactory Monitor (PFM) can be configured as per specific user requirements. Most flexible operation is provided when accessing the CMU via the multi-user Master Station featuring full flexible analysis of all readings collected from the various locations. Independent of the operation and supervision of the various PFM systems installed at several locations in a power system, the Web Interface can be used for commissioning and unit-wise supervision of the various PFM components. The Smart Signal Unit (SSU) shall be applied when signals from various locations within a substation, power plant or from different other locations shall be collected. Typical applications would be dedicated SSUs per bay, large substation with several voltage levels, collection of data of individual generation units (conventional power plants with several units, wind turbines and wind park substation, large PV installations with many central inverters).

option 2 – Centrally ConneCted SignalS UnitS (SU) Shall a huge amount of analogue or digital signals be considered that are brought to a central place, the most cost effective PFM configuration is then based on a number of centrally installed Signal Units (SU) being connected via USB communication to the SSU. Respective setup is typically mounted in a cabinet with all infrastructure required. Access to recorded data for backup and processing is again made via the PowerFactory Master Station supporting multi-user operation as well as the optional interaction with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. For configuration, commissioning and maintenance service direct access via Web Interfaces is again possible independently of the Master Station.

option 3 – portable pFM SySteM Limited to 15 analogue and 16 digital signals, a CMU and SSU can be combined in one single portable 19” rack (PFM300 SSU15-C, 4 HU). Optionally, a larger system being able to handle 32 analogue and 16 digital signals is also available (PFM300 SSU32-C, 7 HU). The 32 channels system can be expanded with further portable SUs or SSUs as required. Operational access to the portable PFM system, e.g. for PFM setup und mobile recording applications is offered via Web Interface. The PowerFactory Master Station software is also available for mobile applications along with the PowerFactory functions.

PFM-DsProtocol

TCP/IP TCP/IP

TCP/IP

...CmU master Station n /PowerFactory

master Station 1 /PowerFactory

Web interface

User 1 User 2 User X

Location 1

Location 2

Location 4

SSU ....SSU SSU

Location 3

SSU

Analogue Signals

Digital Signals

GPS RECEIVER

2*GBit/s PFM Backbone

PFM-DsProtocol IEEE C37.118PMU Protocol

IEC 61850 / 60870

Smart Signal Unit(SSU)

DIgSILENT GmbHCompany Profile

DIgSILENT GmbH is a consulting and software

company providing engineering services in the

field of electrical power systems for transmission,

distribution, generation and industrial plants.

DIgSILENT GmbH was founded in 1985 and is

a fully independent, privately owned company

located in Gomaringen/Tübingen, Germany, where

the new offices have been in operation since

early 2002. DIgSILENT continued expansion by

establishing offices in Australia, South Africa,

Italy, Chile and Spain, thereby facilitating

improved service following the world-wide

increased use of its products and services.

DIgSILENT has established a strong partner

network in many countries such as Mexico,

Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, Peru,

Argentina, Iran, Venezuela and China. DIgSILENT

services and software installations have been

conducted in more than 110 countries.

DIgSILENT PowerFactory

DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated

power system analysis software PowerFactory,

which covers the full range of functionality from

standard features to highly sophisticated and

advanced applications including wind power,

dispersed generation, real-time simulation and

performance monitoring for system testing and

supervision. For wind power applications, Power

Factory has become the power industry’s de-facto

standard tool, due to PowerFactory models

and algorithms providing unmet accuracy and

performance.

DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central

protection settings database and management

system for the complete power system substation

data based on latest .NET technology. Station-

Ware stores and records all settings in a central

database, allows modelling of relevant workflow

sequences, provides quick access to relay manuals,

interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings

software and integrates with PowerFactory

software, allowing powerful and easy-to-use

settings co-ordination studies.

DIgSILENT Consulting

DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of various

disciplines relevant for performing consulting

services, research activities, user training,

educational programs and software developments.

Highly specialized expertise is available in many

fields of electrical engineering applicable to

liberalized power markets and to the latest

developments in power generation technologies

such as wind power and dispersed genertion.

DIgSILENT has provided expert consulting services

to several prominent wind-grid integration studies.

PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance

recording and monitoring system that copes easily

and efficiently with the special requirements for

system test implementation, system performance

supervision and the determination and supervision

of connection characteristics. Numerous Monitoring

Systems installed at various grid locations can be

integrated to a Wide-Area-Measurement-System

(WAMS). The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates

with the PowerFactory.


digSilent gmbH

Heinrich-Hertz-Straße 9

72810 Gomaringen

Germany

Phone: +49-7072-9168-0

Fax: +49-7072-9168-88

Internet: www.digsilent.de

E-mail: [email protected]

P O W E R S Y S T E M E N G I N E E R I N G A N D S O F T W A R E

Power System Monitoring and Analysis

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor

ProduCt suMMary integrated, multifunction dynamic system Monitor

Network Performance Monitor (DSM)Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)Continuous Recorder (CR)Grid Code Monitor (GCM)Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)Power Plant Monitor (PPM)Power Quality Monitor (PQM)Long-term Trend Monitoring (LTM)Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor (SOM)

distributed, Hierarchical Monitoring Concept

Multiple Smart Signal Units (SSU)

Plant & Substation Control andMonitoring Unit (CMU)Hierarchical Monitoring StructureMulti-User Master Station ConceptAutomated High Level Post ProcessingIntegrated with DIgSILENT PowerFactory Flexible Hardware and software Concept

Cabinet-based and portable SystemsFlexible Smart Signal Unit ConfigurationAdvanced A/D TechnologyLocal- and Remote Operation ModePowerFactory based Software Technology

ProduCt BeneFits Cost Effective multi-Purpose Solution

multifunction Plant and Substation monitor

Wide-area monitoring and grid Supervision

Direct interaction with analytical grids analysis

PFm tEChniCal SPECiFiCationPFm 300 Versions

SSU15-C

Basic FeaturesCMU hardware and software

Web Interface

non-redundant power supply

Supported Extensions

GPS / 1µ signal synchronization

15 analogue input channels

16 digital inputs channels

7 digital output channels option portable version

SSU32-C /E

Basic Features

CMU hardware and software

Web Interface





16 digital input channels

7 digital output channels options

Extendable with up to 4 Signal Units (SU32) totalling to up to 160 analogue channels and 80 digital input channels

Extendable with up to 8 Smart Signal Units (SSU32) totalling to up to 288 analogue channels and 144 digital input channels

Extendable with up to 256 digital signal inputs (DU128/256) totalling to up to 336 digital input channels

redundant power supply

portable version

Smart Signal Unit SSU32 Basic Features

SSU hardware


LAN link to SSU15/32-C/E





7 digital output channels

options


portable version

Signal Unit SU32

Basic Features

SU hardware

Power from SSU32-C-E USB link to SSU32-C-E





option

portable version

SU-D128 / SU-D256Basic Features

DU hardware

Power from SSU32-C-E

LAN link to SSU32-C-E


GPS / 1 ms signal synchronization

128/256 digital input channels

option

portable version

PFm 300 CharaCtEriStiCS overview Up to 288 analogue and 336 digital input channels

Up to 7 relay outputs for alarms

Scan rate 15,15 kHz, 16 bits resolution (optional: 30.72 kHz, 20 bits resolution)

Self-diagnostic, watch-dog and auto-boot

Alarm contacts: 1 alive and 6 programmable (optional)

SSU-15

Intel Celeron, 2 GByte DDR

32 GB Flash Memory

SSU-32 / CmUIntel Embedded i7, 4 GByte DDR

128/256 GByte SSD Storage

Communication

Ethernet network, TCP/IP protocol, 10/100/1000Mb/s

PFM-DsProtocol, C37.118 PMU protocol

LAN ports: 2*rear, 1*front

19” Enclosure

SU32: 3*HU

SSU15-C: 4*HU

SSU32, SSU32-C, SSU32-C/E: 7*HU

Supply Voltage

100-360 VDC and 90 -240 VAC

SU / SSU Channel Characteristics

analogue Channels

15/32 analogue channels / SU / SSU, flexible input configuration

Current input

Input : 3x 1 or 5 A (nominal)

Range: 4x In

Accuracy: 0.1%

Overload: 150 A, 1s; 4x In cont.

Voltage input

Input : 3x 150V p-n

Range: 2x Vn

Accuracy: 0.08%

Small signals input

1mV, 10mV, 1V, 10V, ±20mA

DIgSILENTThe PowerFactory Monitor

DIgSILENT Integrated, multifunction Dynamic System MonitorUnbundling of electricity supply systems and the introduction of new technologies in all areas of generation, transmission and distribution has made power system operation more complex. Supervision of generator performance according to Grid Codes and Connection Conditions, the stability supervision of large transmission networks at specific locations, verification of power quality criteria in distribution systems as well as the determination and analysis of key system parameters has generated the need for power system monitoring and grid supervision beyond classical fault recording and SCADA based trending. Under those aspects, wide area monitoring (WAM) via phase measurement units (PMU) is just a special case of a monitoring application. The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software featuring easy access of recorded data, analysis of trends, verification of system upset responses and test results.

PFM ProduCt aPPliCationDynamic System & network Performance monitor (DSm)

Voltage Stability Monitoring and Steady-State Instability Supervision

Generation Outage, Load Rejection and System Frequency Response Analysis

Primary- and Secondary Response Supervision

Load Shedding Tuning and Optimization

Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Effectiveness Supervision

Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis

Tie-Line Power Exchange and Network Control Characteristics

Control Performance Supervision and Identification

Generator and Load Parameter Identification

Phase Angle Supervision

Subsynchronous oscillation monitor (Som)

Supervision of generator shaft oscillations

Power Quality monitor (PQm)

Phase to Phase and Phase to Neutral Voltages

Positive, Negative and Zero-Sequence Quantities

Single Phase Voltage and Current Quantities

Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Quantities

Voltage and Current Harmonics up to 49th/ 50th order according to IEC 61000-4-7

Harmonic Voltage and Current Indices according to IEC 61000-3-6 and BDEW 2008

Flicker Assessment according to IEC 61400-21

Flicker Meter according to IEC 61000-4-15

Power Plant monitor (PPm)

AVR/Exciter performance supervision

Prime Mover and associated controls supervision (boiler control, primary control, etc.)

multifunctional Disturbance and Event recorder

Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)

Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)

Multi-Time-Frame Recording incl. Long Term Trend Monitoring (LTM)

Sequence of Event Recorder (SOE)

Specific DAQ-rates for fast, mid-term and slow transients

Synchronized Trigger Handling across all CMU connected Smart Signal Units (SSU)

grid Code monitor (gCm)

Grid Code Compliance Verification

Support of various Grid Code Definitions incl. ENTSO-E, FERC, EEGG/TR4, China BG/T, South Africa

Phasor measurement Unit (PmU)

IEEE C37.118 /2005 compliance

PFM FunCtional overview The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor is an integrated, multifunctional data acquisition system that covers recording, monitoring and analysis of signals in all relevant time frames. It is especially designed to cover all needs of Transmission, Distribution and Generation on all voltage levels. Flexible hardware and software components allow for the configuration of portable systems, stand alone cabinet mounted installations as well as LAN based multiple units multiple location systems being coordinated and supervised via Master Stations.

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor provides an excellent overview on grid operation aspects. Capturing of fault transients, e.g. caused by short circuits, grid synchronization or ferro-resonance phenomena, mid-term transients such as power-frequency and voltage excursions as well as the monitoring of steady-state grid characteristics are covered by the multi-time frame recording mechanism.

KEy FUnCtionS WhiCh CoUlD BE oPEratED SimUltanEoUSly arE:

mid-term transients Slow transientsFast transients

Multi-time Frame recording

DDr Dynamic Disturbance RecorderDSm Dynamic System MonitorPmU Phasor Measurement Unit

PPm Power Plant MonitorgCm Grid Code MonitorSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

DSm Dynamic System Monitorltm Long-Term MonitorPPm Power Plant Monitor

gCm Grid Code MonitorPQm Power Quality Monitor

DFr Digital Fault RecorderSoE Sequence of Event RecorderSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

Fast transients (Ft)

Triggered instantaneous value and event recording (DFR, SOE, SOM) mid-term transients (mDt)

Triggered mid-term fundamental frequency signal and event recording (DDR, DSM, PPM, GCM, SOM)

Continuous mid-term fundamental frequency signal recording (PMU) Slow transients (Ft)

Continuous slow fundamental frequency signals recording (DSM, LTM, PPM, GCM and PQM)

Any quantity which could either be a native signal as well as a numerically derived signal, deviating from normal conditions is captured, recorded and analysed. In addition, on-line analysis of signals is provided featuring the detection of inherent problems like system and control oscillations, supervision of connection conditions or power quality aspects. The PowerFactory Monitor is a standalone system including all necessary hardware and software functions for signal conditioning, signal conversion, data storage and processing, calculation and documentation. In addition, remote access is supported via modem, TCPI/IP networks, WWW and special SCADA interface techniques. Several monitoring systems can be synchronized to 1μs using GPS clock for precise parallel sampling and recording analysis.

recording Functions Sampling rate

Scan rate: 15,15kHz

50 cycles/s: 303 samples per cycle


GPS time stamping (1µs)

20 Bit options

Up to 512 samples per cycle

50 cycles/s: up to 25.6 kHz


Fast transients recording Stream

Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)

Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)

Re-trigger: supported, various setting options

mid-term transients/ Phasor recording Stream

Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 1-60s)

Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 10-600s)


Slow transients recording Stream

Continuous recording of any input signals or user defined signal with typical sampling rates of 0.1-10 samples/s

Recording interval 24x7 over several years

triggering

Threshold and gradient on any input and user defined signal (voltage, power, frequency, phase, sequence quantity, etc.).

Dynamic Trigger on calculated quantities (signal oscillation, PQ-criteria, step changes, etc.)

Manual triggering on visually observed signals and test commands

high Precision Soft transducer

Signal frequency and phase

All relevant RMS quantities on phases and sequence components

Power Quality

Sag / swell, True RMS

Flicker meter (IEC61000-4-15)

Flicker assessment (IEC61400-21)

Harmonics (even, odd, interharmonics up to 50th

order according to IEC 61000-4-7)

Communication

Ethernet / modem (optional)

PFM2PFM communication via TCP/IP based PFM-DsProtocol

IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol

IEC 61850 (Optional)

IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104

Modbus TCP

Digital status input/outputs

Relay outputs

PFm SoFtWarE FEatUrES recording Functions The DIgSILENT PFM features four types of recording mechanisms:

Slow transients monitoring

The PFM monitoring process is continuously reading all signals from the signal unit, calculating RMS and harmonics quantities (snapshot recording). Monitor-ing signals are stored with a sampling rate of 1 Hz or below (typically 0.2 Hz). Monitoring is quite com- parable with trending features of a SCADA system. However, such monitoring archives could be easily reviewed within the PFM system to get an initial and fast overview on the daily system operation. The PFM recording space is sufficient to store the complete information of a number of years.

mid-term transient recording

RMS recording is event driven based on trigger conditions. Typical RMS values recorded are: voltages (phase voltages, +/-/0-sequence voltages), currents, active/reactive/apparent power, power factor, frequency, frequency gradient, etc. The recording rate for RMS values is adjustable, typically up to 2 samples/cycle. RMS recording archives are created for each triggered event. RMS recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 60s pre-trigger time and 600s post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.

Fast transients recording

Instantaneous values (IV values) recordings are also based on trigger conditions. Typical values stored are digital inputs, analogue inputs (signals from CTs and PTs). The recording rate for IV values is typically 252 or 303 samples/cycle. IV recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 0.5 secs pre-trigger time and 2.5 sec. post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.

trigger Conditions

Trigger conditions can be defined as required (limits, gradients, equations, digital input etc.) based on RMS and IV values. Complex algorithms are available to allow for trigger set/reset conditions to avoid nuisance triggering. Automatic re-triggering is supported shall new events appear during post-fault recording time thus extending the recording period (multiple- events recording). Trigger time labels are simply transferred via event file naming. Captured data are stored in COMTRADE files in an automatically created folder structure where for each day/month/year a new subdirectory is created. Handling of such data is made via the comfortable PFM Master Station Software.

iEEE C37.118 protocol

The PFM can work as a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and outputs a C37.118 stream to any phasor data concentrators (PDC). The PFM has also a C37.118 input for existing PMUs in the field.

real time Phasors

On basis of the flexible setup of the PowerFactory Monitor being based on the PowerFactory software frame and high level slot function definitions, various specific measuring devices can be configured. A typical application of such flexibility would be the real time phasor measurement where various phasor quantities are derived from local information, stored, analysed or passed further to remote systems for coordinated stability evaluation.

Power Quality recording

Capturing of voltage sags and high voltage conditions along with the continuous monitoring and recording of harmonic distortion, phase unbalance and other quantities of interest, continuous power quality monitoring is provided. Any recording such as captured voltage sags or daily 24 hours power quality records can be kept locally at the PFM or might be automatically transferred to the Master Station for centralized storage and review.

Supervision of Connection Conditions

Behaviour of power plants during grid upset conditions as per defined Connection Conditions is of crucial interest to guarantee stable grid operation also in critical situations. Such requirement is especially important for large wind parks or in industrial systems with supply critical processes.

automatic analysis

On basis of standard PowerFactory DPL scripts, the PFM/DSM features the automatic analysis of monitoring data streams as well as recorded, event triggered data sequences. This will allow a post-processing of the many recording to determine it’s severity and relevance for further expert analysis. A typical standard feature of the automatic event and monitoring analysis would be the performance of automated printing of all recorded data sequences
















PFM-DsProtocol

TCP/IP TCP/IP

TCP/IP



Web interface


Location 1

Location 2

Location 4

SSU ....SSU SSU

Location 3

SSU

Analogue Signals

Digital Signals

GPS RECEIVER



IEC 61850 / 60870


































performance.



































digSilent gmbH


72810 Gomaringen

Germany

Phone: +49-7072-9168-0

Fax: +49-7072-9168-88
















PFm tEChniCal SPECiFiCationPFm 300 Versions

SSU15-C

Basic FeaturesCMU hardware and software

Web Interface





16 digital inputs channels

7 digital output channels option portable version

SSU32-C /E

Basic Features

CMU hardware and software

Web Interface






7 digital output channels options

Extendable with up to 4 Signal Units (SU32) totalling to up to 160 analogue channels and 80 digital input channels

Extendable with up to 8 Smart Signal Units (SSU32) totalling to up to 288 analogue channels and 144 digital input channels

Extendable with up to 256 digital signal inputs (DU128/256) totalling to up to 336 digital input channels


portable version

Smart Signal Unit SSU32 Basic Features

SSU hardware


LAN link to SSU15/32-C/E





7 digital output channels

options


portable version

Signal Unit SU32

Basic Features

SU hardware

Power from SSU32-C-E USB link to SSU32-C-E





option

portable version

SU-D128 / SU-D256Basic Features

DU hardware

Power from SSU32-C-E

LAN link to SSU32-C-E


GPS / 1 ms signal synchronization

128/256 digital input channels

option

portable version

PFm 300 CharaCtEriStiCS overview Up to 288 analogue and 336 digital input channels

Up to 7 relay outputs for alarms

Scan rate 15,15 kHz, 16 bits resolution (optional: 30.72 kHz, 20 bits resolution)

Self-diagnostic, watch-dog and auto-boot

Alarm contacts: 1 alive and 6 programmable (optional)

SSU-15

Intel Celeron, 2 GByte DDR

32 GB Flash Memory

SSU-32 / CmUIntel Embedded i7, 4 GByte DDR

128/256 GByte SSD Storage

Communication

Ethernet network, TCP/IP protocol, 10/100/1000Mb/s

PFM-DsProtocol, C37.118 PMU protocol

LAN ports: 2*rear, 1*front

19” Enclosure

SU32: 3*HU

SSU15-C: 4*HU

SSU32, SSU32-C, SSU32-C/E: 7*HU

Supply Voltage

100-360 VDC and 90 -240 VAC

SU / SSU Channel Characteristics

analogue Channels

15/32 analogue channels / SU / SSU, flexible input configuration

Current input

Input : 3x 1 or 5 A (nominal)

Range: 4x In

Accuracy: 0.1%

Overload: 150 A, 1s; 4x In cont.

Voltage input

Input : 3x 150V p-n

Range: 2x Vn

Accuracy: 0.08%

Small signals input

1mV, 10mV, 1V, 10V, ±20mA

DIgSILENTThe PowerFactory Monitor

DIgSILENT Integrated, multifunction Dynamic System MonitorUnbundling of electricity supply systems and the introduction of new technologies in all areas of generation, transmission and distribution has made power system operation more complex. Supervision of generator performance according to Grid Codes and Connection Conditions, the stability supervision of large transmission networks at specific locations, verification of power quality criteria in distribution systems as well as the determination and analysis of key system parameters has generated the need for power system monitoring and grid supervision beyond classical fault recording and SCADA based trending. Under those aspects, wide area monitoring (WAM) via phase measurement units (PMU) is just a special case of a monitoring application. The PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates with DIgSILENT PowerFactory software featuring easy access of recorded data, analysis of trends, verification of system upset responses and test results.

PFM ProduCt aPPliCationDynamic System & network Performance monitor (DSm)

Voltage Stability Monitoring and Steady-State Instability Supervision

Generation Outage, Load Rejection and System Frequency Response Analysis

Primary- and Secondary Response Supervision

Load Shedding Tuning and Optimization

Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Effectiveness Supervision

Power Oscillation Detection and Analysis

Tie-Line Power Exchange and Network Control Characteristics

Control Performance Supervision and Identification

Generator and Load Parameter Identification

Phase Angle Supervision

Subsynchronous oscillation monitor (Som)

Supervision of generator shaft oscillations

Power Quality monitor (PQm)

Phase to Phase and Phase to Neutral Voltages

Positive, Negative and Zero-Sequence Quantities

Single Phase Voltage and Current Quantities

Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Quantities

Voltage and Current Harmonics up to 49th/ 50th order according to IEC 61000-4-7

Harmonic Voltage and Current Indices according to IEC 61000-3-6 and BDEW 2008

Flicker Assessment according to IEC 61400-21

Flicker Meter according to IEC 61000-4-15

Power Plant monitor (PPm)

AVR/Exciter performance supervision

Prime Mover and associated controls supervision (boiler control, primary control, etc.)

multifunctional Disturbance and Event recorder

Digital Fault Recorder (DFR)

Dynamic Disturbance Recorder (DDR)

Multi-Time-Frame Recording incl. Long Term Trend Monitoring (LTM)

Sequence of Event Recorder (SOE)

Specific DAQ-rates for fast, mid-term and slow transients

Synchronized Trigger Handling across all CMU connected Smart Signal Units (SSU)

grid Code monitor (gCm)

Grid Code Compliance Verification

Support of various Grid Code Definitions incl. ENTSO-E, FERC, EEGG/TR4, China BG/T, South Africa

Phasor measurement Unit (PmU)

IEEE C37.118 /2005 compliance

PFM FunCtional overview The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor is an integrated, multifunctional data acquisition system that covers recording, monitoring and analysis of signals in all relevant time frames. It is especially designed to cover all needs of Transmission, Distribution and Generation on all voltage levels. Flexible hardware and software components allow for the configuration of portable systems, stand alone cabinet mounted installations as well as LAN based multiple units multiple location systems being coordinated and supervised via Master Stations.

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory Monitor provides an excellent overview on grid operation aspects. Capturing of fault transients, e.g. caused by short circuits, grid synchronization or ferro-resonance phenomena, mid-term transients such as power-frequency and voltage excursions as well as the monitoring of steady-state grid characteristics are covered by the multi-time frame recording mechanism.

KEy FUnCtionS WhiCh CoUlD BE oPEratED SimUltanEoUSly arE:

mid-term transients Slow transientsFast transients

Multi-time Frame recording

DDr Dynamic Disturbance RecorderDSm Dynamic System MonitorPmU Phasor Measurement Unit

PPm Power Plant MonitorgCm Grid Code MonitorSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

DSm Dynamic System Monitorltm Long-Term MonitorPPm Power Plant Monitor

gCm Grid Code MonitorPQm Power Quality Monitor

DFr Digital Fault RecorderSoE Sequence of Event RecorderSom Subsynchronous Oscillation Monitor

Fast transients (Ft)

Triggered instantaneous value and event recording (DFR, SOE, SOM) mid-term transients (mDt)

Triggered mid-term fundamental frequency signal and event recording (DDR, DSM, PPM, GCM, SOM)

Continuous mid-term fundamental frequency signal recording (PMU) Slow transients (Ft)

Continuous slow fundamental frequency signals recording (DSM, LTM, PPM, GCM and PQM)

Any quantity which could either be a native signal as well as a numerically derived signal, deviating from normal conditions is captured, recorded and analysed. In addition, on-line analysis of signals is provided featuring the detection of inherent problems like system and control oscillations, supervision of connection conditions or power quality aspects. The PowerFactory Monitor is a standalone system including all necessary hardware and software functions for signal conditioning, signal conversion, data storage and processing, calculation and documentation. In addition, remote access is supported via modem, TCPI/IP networks, WWW and special SCADA interface techniques. Several monitoring systems can be synchronized to 1μs using GPS clock for precise parallel sampling and recording analysis.

recording Functions Sampling rate

Scan rate: 15,15kHz



GPS time stamping (1µs)

20 Bit options

Up to 512 samples per cycle



Fast transients recording Stream

Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)

Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 0.1-5s)


mid-term transients/ Phasor recording Stream

Pre-fault time: user selectable (typical: 1-60s)

Post-fault time: user selectable (typical: 10-600s)


Slow transients recording Stream

Continuous recording of any input signals or user defined signal with typical sampling rates of 0.1-10 samples/s

Recording interval 24x7 over several years

triggering

Threshold and gradient on any input and user defined signal (voltage, power, frequency, phase, sequence quantity, etc.).

Dynamic Trigger on calculated quantities (signal oscillation, PQ-criteria, step changes, etc.)

Manual triggering on visually observed signals and test commands

high Precision Soft transducer

Signal frequency and phase

All relevant RMS quantities on phases and sequence components

Power Quality

Sag / swell, True RMS

Flicker meter (IEC61000-4-15)

Flicker assessment (IEC61400-21)

Harmonics (even, odd, interharmonics up to 50th

order according to IEC 61000-4-7)

Communication

Ethernet / modem (optional)

PFM2PFM communication via TCP/IP based PFM-DsProtocol

IEEE C37.118 PMU protocol

IEC 61850 (Optional)

IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-104

Modbus TCP

Digital status input/outputs

Relay outputs

PFm SoFtWarE FEatUrES recording Functions The DIgSILENT PFM features four types of recording mechanisms:

Slow transients monitoring

The PFM monitoring process is continuously reading all signals from the signal unit, calculating RMS and harmonics quantities (snapshot recording). Monitor-ing signals are stored with a sampling rate of 1 Hz or below (typically 0.2 Hz). Monitoring is quite com- parable with trending features of a SCADA system. However, such monitoring archives could be easily reviewed within the PFM system to get an initial and fast overview on the daily system operation. The PFM recording space is sufficient to store the complete information of a number of years.

mid-term transient recording

RMS recording is event driven based on trigger conditions. Typical RMS values recorded are: voltages (phase voltages, +/-/0-sequence voltages), currents, active/reactive/apparent power, power factor, frequency, frequency gradient, etc. The recording rate for RMS values is adjustable, typically up to 2 samples/cycle. RMS recording archives are created for each triggered event. RMS recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 60s pre-trigger time and 600s post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.

Fast transients recording

Instantaneous values (IV values) recordings are also based on trigger conditions. Typical values stored are digital inputs, analogue inputs (signals from CTs and PTs). The recording rate for IV values is typically 252 or 303 samples/cycle. IV recording periods can be freely configured. Typical settings are 0.5 secs pre-trigger time and 2.5 sec. post trigger time with any number of re-trigger recording extensions.

trigger Conditions

Trigger conditions can be defined as required (limits, gradients, equations, digital input etc.) based on RMS and IV values. Complex algorithms are available to allow for trigger set/reset conditions to avoid nuisance triggering. Automatic re-triggering is supported shall new events appear during post-fault recording time thus extending the recording period (multiple- events recording). Trigger time labels are simply transferred via event file naming. Captured data are stored in COMTRADE files in an automatically created folder structure where for each day/month/year a new subdirectory is created. Handling of such data is made via the comfortable PFM Master Station Software.

iEEE C37.118 protocol

The PFM can work as a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and outputs a C37.118 stream to any phasor data concentrators (PDC). The PFM has also a C37.118 input for existing PMUs in the field.

real time Phasors

On basis of the flexible setup of the PowerFactory Monitor being based on the PowerFactory software frame and high level slot function definitions, various specific measuring devices can be configured. A typical application of such flexibility would be the real time phasor measurement where various phasor quantities are derived from local information, stored, analysed or passed further to remote systems for coordinated stability evaluation.

Power Quality recording

Capturing of voltage sags and high voltage conditions along with the continuous monitoring and recording of harmonic distortion, phase unbalance and other quantities of interest, continuous power quality monitoring is provided. Any recording such as captured voltage sags or daily 24 hours power quality records can be kept locally at the PFM or might be automatically transferred to the Master Station for centralized storage and review.

Supervision of Connection Conditions

Behaviour of power plants during grid upset conditions as per defined Connection Conditions is of crucial interest to guarantee stable grid operation also in critical situations. Such requirement is especially important for large wind parks or in industrial systems with supply critical processes.

automatic analysis

On basis of standard PowerFactory DPL scripts, the PFM/DSM features the automatic analysis of monitoring data streams as well as recorded, event triggered data sequences. This will allow a post-processing of the many recording to determine it’s severity and relevance for further expert analysis. A typical standard feature of the automatic event and monitoring analysis would be the performance of automated printing of all recorded data sequences
















PFM-DsProtocol

TCP/IP TCP/IP

TCP/IP



Web interface


Location 1

Location 2

Location 4

SSU ....SSU SSU

Location 3

SSU

Analogue Signals

Digital Signals

GPS RECEIVER



IEC 61850 / 60870


































performance.



































digSilent gmbH


72810 Gomaringen

Germany

Phone: +49-7072-9168-0

Fax: +49-7072-9168-88
















the digsilent powerfactory monitor

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