stanley yip - low carbon cities in china: from policies to economics

Low Carbon Cities in China: From Policies to Economics

Stanley YipDirector, Planning & Development

Arup China

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中国的历史机遇China’s Historical Opportunity

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Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities

24%China’s urbanization in 1985

43%China’s urbanization in 2006

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250,000China’s private car number in 1985

17millionChina’s private car number in 2005

Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities

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2 billion sq. m. Total annual new construction area in China( nearly half of the total amount of the world )

Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities

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Oil consumption Electricity consumption CO2 emission 3.6times 4.3times 2.2times

The growth of energy consumption between 1985-2005

Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities

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Policy Framework for Low Carbon Cities in China

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China’s 11th Five Year Plan (2005 to 2010)

Unit GDP energy consumption to be reduced by

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22 September 2009 United Nations Climate Change Summit

Energy efficiencySignificant reduction of Unite GDP CO2 emission intensity from 2005 to 2020

Renewable EnergyNon-fossil energy contributes 15% of primary energy supply by 2020

Carbon Sink and ReforestationIncrease of 40 million ha of forest coverage from 2005 to 2020

Green EconomyPromote low carbon green economy, technological research and development.

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• From 2005 to 2020reduction of unit GDP CO2emission intensity by 40%to 45%

• The target will be included as mandatorytargets for mid to long term socio-economicplanning. Set up statistics, monitoring andassessment systems.

• By 2020, non-fossil fuel will contribute 15%of energy supply

• Increase of 40 million ha of forest coveragefrom 2005 to 2020

25 November 2009 China State Council Decisions

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China’s Response:Low Carbon Eco-cities

13Dongtan Eco-City, China上海东滩生态城

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Tianjin Eco-City天津生态城

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Changchun

Tangshan

Tianjin

Shanghai

Beijing

Changsha

Qingdao

Wuhan

Tianjin

Langfang

Chongqing

Recent Low Carbon Planning Projects in China

Wuxi

Zhengzhou

Harbin

Shenzhen

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Low Carbon Eco-cities:Connectivity

ICT Total Global Impacts : 7.8 GtCO2e per year , 15% from BAU

(in 2020*)

Level 1:Industry Direct Impacts

(PC.s, infrastructure, data centre)

Level 2: Impacts on Economic Sector Activities

Level 3: De-materialization

*(Source: The Climate Group 2008)

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Impact on Economic Processes: Reduction of 5.2 GtCO2e per year

Smart logistics: 1.52 GtCO2eSmart buildings: 1.68 GtCO2eSmart grids: 2.03 GtCO2eSmart industrial processes: 0.97 GtCO2e

(Source: The Climate Group 2008)

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The impact of De-materialization: Reduction of 460 MtCO2e/year

Online media: 20 MtCO2e/yearE-commerce: 30 MtCO2e/yearE-paper: 70 MtCO2e/yearVideo-conferencing: 80 MtCO2e/yearTele-commuting: 260 MtCO2e/year

(Source: The Climate Group 2008)

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Planning for a Connected City:Key Players in Urban Development Process

• Local City Government• Land Development Company • Building Developers• Users and Consumers• Industry: ISP, telecom

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Urban Development ProcessMaster Land Use Plan总体规划

Regulatory Zoning Plans控规

Site Plan修规

Building Plan 建筑方案

Connectivity

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Enabling the market… • Policy Making: City-wide ‘Carbon Emission’

Accounting; Connectivity Target• Infrastructure: Communication infrastructure

development as part of land development process• Planning Permission: Site/building connectivity

facilities and access to households• Market : Tele-commuting, E-business and E-

commerce, etc

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. . . shaping a better worldConfidential & Proprietary

Thank you !

Stanley Yip, Director (Planning & Development)Ove Arup & PartnersStanley.yip@arup.com