may 10, 2015s. mathews & damon six1 human geography by james rubenstein chapter 4 key issue 1...
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April 18, 2023 S. Mathews & Damon Six 1
Human Geography
By James Rubenstein
Chapter 4Key Issue 1
Where Do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse?
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Habit
A repetitive act that a particular individual
performs.
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Custom
A repetitive act of a group, performed to
the extent that it becomes characteristic
of the group.
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A collection of social customs
produces a group’s material
culture.
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Two basic categories of
material culture Folk Culture Popular Culture
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Folk Culture
Material culture traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogeneous
groups living in isolated rural areas.
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Popular CultureMaterial culture practiced by large, heterogeneous
societies that share habits despite differences in
personal characteristics, and most frequently originate in MDCs.
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Scale of Territory
Territory of Folk culture is typically much
smaller than that of Popular culture.
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Through Globalization
popular culture is becoming more
dominant, threatening the survival of unique
folk cultures.
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Two basic factors that explain spatial
differences
The process of origin The pattern of diffusion
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Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures
Folk culture originates from anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators.
Popular culture is most often a product of the economically more developed countries;
- popular music- fast food
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Popular culture is becoming more dominant, threatening the survival of unique folk cultures, which provide a unique identity to each group of people who occupy a specific
region on Earth’s surface.
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Origin of Folk Music
Composed anonymously and transmitted orally.
Tell story or convey information about
- daily activities- life-cycle events- mysterious events
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Example of Folk Culture
In Vietnam, where most people are subsistence farmers, information
about agricultural technology is conveyed
through folk songs.
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Origin of Country Music
Folk customs may have multiple origins. Geographer George Carney identified 4
major hearths of country music- southern Appalachia- Central Tennessee and Kentucky- the Ozark and Ouachita uplands- north-central Texas
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Origin of Popular Music Written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to a large number of people.
Originated around 1900 Diffusion of American popular music worldwide began during World War II
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Tin Pan AlleyCluster of
music writers and publishers
in New York City.
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Diffusion of Hip Hop
Originated in New York in late 1970s.
A return to a very local form of music expression.
Diffused rapidly around the world through globalization.
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Diffusion of Folk and Popular
CulturesPopular culture diffuses rapidly and extensively
through the use of modern communications
and transportation.
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The Spread of Popular CultureFollows the process of
hierarchical diffusion from hearths or nodes of
innovation.- Hollywood (movies)- Madison Avenue (advertising)
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Folk CultureIs transmitted from one
location to another.- More slowly- At a smaller scale- Through relocation
diffusion
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Relocation Diffusion
The spread of a characteristic through
migration.
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The Amish An example of Relocation
Diffusion. Distinctive clothing, farming, and
religious practices. Shun mechanical and electrical
power. Travel by horse and buggy and
continue to use hand tools for farming.
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Amish Settlements
Number only about 70,000 in US.
Visible on the landscape in at least 17 states.
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Amish History Originated in Switzerland, France,
and Germany in the 1600s. Followers of Swiss Mennonite
bishop; Jakob Ammann. Two waves of Amish families
migrated to U.S.- in early 1700s, to
Pennsylvania.- in early 1800s, to Ohio, Iowa,
and Ontario.
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Amish Communities Retain their traditional
customs. Relatively isolated from each
other. Diffusing slowly through
interregional migration.- in search of inexpensive
farm land- to escape influx of tourists
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Soccer
An example of hierarchical diffusion of Popular Culture.
In the latter 20th Century, the world’s most popular sport.
Began as a folk culture.
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Early History of Soccer Earliest documented contest took place in 11th century England (called “Kick the Dane’s head”). Between rival villages, with the winners kicking the ball into the center of the rival village. Renamed “football” in 12th Century. Banned by King Henry II at end of 12th Century. Legalized in 1603 by King James I.
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Globalization of Soccer Began in 1800s. Rules were standardized in 1863. The Dutch were the first
continental Europeans to play soccer in 1870s.
The British diffused the game throughout their empire.
Soccer was further diffused by radio and television.
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The Diffusion of Rugby Originated in England in 1823, when
football (soccer) player picked up the ball and ran with it.
Spread to the US in 1873, when Harvard representative successfully argued the adoption of rugby rules over soccer.
Later modified into American Style football.
Similar modification of Rugby rules were taken by Canadians, Australians, and the Irish.
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Some Other Preferred Popular Sports
Cricket is popular in Britain and former British Colonies.
Ice hockey prevails in Canada, Northern Europe, and Russia.
Forms of Martial Arts are popular in China.
Baseball in the US and Japan.
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Lacrosse
Known as “bump hips” began among the
Iroquois Confederation of North America.
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GLOBALIZATION OF AN
AMERICAN SPORT:
BASKETBALL,
Ranong Province, Thailand
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