3 gdu5023 sources of leader power

8/12/2019 3 Gdu5023 Sources of Leader Power

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GDU5023: LECTURE 3SOURCES OF LEADER

POWER

By:

ISHAK BIN SIN, Ph.D.UUM COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA


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PERSPECTIVES OF

LEADERSHIP STUDY

Power-influence perspective

Traits perspective

Behavioral perspective Situational perspective


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SOURCES OF POWER AND

INFLUENCE OF LEADERS

Ranks and titles

Reward and persuasion Position

Qualification

Skills

Experience


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..SOURCES OF POWER (contd)

Communication

Appeals

Connection

Competencies Knowledge and information


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SOURCES OF POWER (contd)

Networking

Socio-economic status

Types of subordinates (supporters)


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SOURCES OF POWER (contd)

The sources of power can be concluded

into 5 types (French & Raven, 1959): Legitimate power

Reward power

Coercive power Expert power

Referent power


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LEGITIMATE POWER

The followers admit that the leader hasa legitimate power which is given tohim/her by a higher authority to giveorders to the followers to carry out

organisational duty. The followers will obey if the leader has

a legitimate power.


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REWARD POWER

The ability of a leader to reward the

followers

The followers will obey the leader if

the followers observe that their leaderis able to reward them.


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COERSIVE POWER

The ability of a leader to put pressure

on the followers

This power is effective if the

subordinates believe that the leader canpunish them painfully or make them

suffer.


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EXPERT POWER

The ability or expertise in a certain areauntil the subordinates obey him/herbecause they believe that their leader has

experience, knowledge and skills in certainareas.

This power is effective if the subordinatesneeds his skills.


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REFERENCE POWER

This power is comes from a feeling ofattractions, impressed and respect of thesubordinate towards the leader until he

becomes the model to his followers. The actions of the subordinates carrying

out a tasks in the organisation is not dueto other reasons, but because of respecttowards the leader.


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THE EFFECT OF IMPLEMENTING

POWER

Type of Job Job

power satisfaction performanceReference high high

Expert high high

Reward moderate moderateLegitimate moderate unclear

Coercive low unclear


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HOW TO INCREASE POWER

Legitimate power:

Get formal authority Use symbol of authority

Get another party to legitimize your

power Use the legitimate channel to give

orders


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HOW TO INCREASE POWER

(contd)

Reward power:

Identify what is needed by the subordinates.

Acquire as much as possible the reward power

Make sure the subordinates know that the leader

has reward power

Dont make promises you cannot keep


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HOW TO INCREASE POWER (CONTD)

Coercive power:

Identify types of punishment that canstop offenders

Get the legitimate power to punish

Dont make threats without thinking Dont use coercive power for personal

gain or to manipulate people.


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Expert power:

Continuously study

Always find out about matters related toyour job

Use your knowledge and competencies in

solving problems Dont make any fast statements


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Referent power:

Show that the leader can accept thesubordinate

Always support and help the

subordinates Make sacrifices to show that you care

Be honest in all actions


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HOW TO USE POWER MORE

EFFECTIVELY

Legitimate power:

Always be polite when giving orders

Explain why certain things has to be

done Get feedback to ensure conformance

Do not give orders exceeding the power

that you have


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EFFECTIVELY(CONTD)

Reward power

Offer desirable and ethical reward tosubordinates

Explain the criterion to receive the rewardoffered

Keep your promises

Use reward as reinforcement not

manipulation


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EFFECTIVELY(CONTD)

Coercive power

Inform the subordinate the rules andpenalties

Encourage the followers to avoid beingpunished

Ask the followers to suggest ways toincrease performance

Do not punish people too soon


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EFFECTIVELY(CONTD)Expert power

Explain why something has to be done

Provide proof that the suggestion will bring

success

Avoid admitting that you are always right

Listen to your followers concern


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EFFECTIVELY(CONTD)

Referent power:

Use your charm

Show that what you are asking is for thebenefit of the organisation and not your

own

Always portray good behavior which canbe exampled.


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TACTICS TO INFLUENCE

PEOPLE Rational persuasion tactics

Inspirational appeal tactics

Negotiation tactics

Ingratiation tactics

Personal appeal tactics


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TACTICS (CONTD)

Exchange tactics

Collaboration tactics

Legitimate tactics Pressure tactics


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RASIONAL PERSUASION

TACTICS The tactic where the leader uses logicwhich has clear proof when persuading

the subordinates to carry out certain tasks

This tactic only work when the leader is

honest and has high communication skills.


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INSPIRATIONAL APPEAL

TACTICS This tactic is where the leader influence

the followers by increasing morale and

emotion until they feel that they are

important personnel and capable of

contributing to the organisation

This tactic is effective if the leader has

high communicational skills and uses

metaphors together with style and body

movements


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NEGOTIATION TACTICS

This tactic is applied by asking the

subordinates to give their opinion, views,

methods and ways of doing something to

achieve the objectives.

The tactic will be more effective if the

leader has good listening skill and able to

persuade the subordinates.


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INGRATIATION TACTICS

Statements made by the leaders about the

subordinates through a third party whichmade the subordinates think that they areappreciated and are the most suitable tocarry out certain task.

This tactic is effective if the subordinatesperceive their leader as honest.


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PERSONAL APPEAL TACTICS

The leader uses his good connection and

influence to persuade his subordinates to

do certain task. This tactic is effective if the relationship

between the leader and followers are

close and the followers are obsessed withtheir leader.


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EXCHANGE TACTICS

This tactic refers to the actions of aleaders offering rewards to influence thesubordinates to do certain tasks for the

organisation. This tactic is effective if the subordinates

feel that reward is important to them and

that the leader can really provide therewards that they need.


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COLLABORATION TACTICS

The leader uses other people to

influence the subordinate to carry out

a tasks. This tactic is effective if the leader

many people who can influence

his/her subordinates.


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LEGITIMATE TACTICS

The leader uses his/her position,regulations and the organisationaltraditions to influence the subordinates tocarry out a tasks.

This tactic is effective if the superiorconsented to what is going to be done.

This tactic is effective if the leader hasformal authority.


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PRESSURE TACTICS

Threats and warnings from the leader

when giving orders to the subordinates to

carry out certain tasks. This tactic is effective if all other tactics

have been used but were ineffective and

the followers feel that they will severelypunished.

THE EFFECTS OF TACTICS ON


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SUBORDINATES PERFORMANCE

AND COMMITMENT

Tactics Performance &

CommitmentsRasional persuasion Moderate

Inspirational appeal High

Negotiation High

Patronising Moderate

Personal appeal Moderate



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SUBORDINATES PERFORMANCE

AND COMMITMENT (contd)

Tactics Performance & commitment

Exchange Moderate

Collaboration Low

Legitimate Low

Pressure Low

3 gdu5023 sources of leader power

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