1. WELCOME TO DEBATE! Series II: ORDER AND PURPOSE OF THESPEECHES Show by Jenny HeidtStyle: Kohanim

2. AFFIRMATIVE VS NEGATIVEjob of the affirmative isThe to prove that their proposal (which must fit under theresolution) is a good idea. 3. AFFIRMATIVE VS NEGATIVE The job of the negative is to prove that the affirmative proposal is either a bad idea or does not fit under theresolution. 4. AFFIRMATIVE VS NEGATIVE 5. AFFIRMATIVE VS NEGATIVE The judge votes for whichever team does a better job of proving their point. 6. AFFIRMATIVE VS NEGATIVE Each team gets a set amount of time to provetheir point (they must also speak in a set order). 7. AFFIRMATIVE VS NEGATIVEThis will be a little confusing at first but will go smoothly after your first tournament. For the firstone, take the NOVICE HANDOUT with you tohelp you keep track! 8. AFFIRMATIVE VS NEGATIVE Also, keep in mind that the novice packet provides an excellent initial limit on the number of arguments a team can make.Learn the packet well enough and not much willsurprise you at the first tournament. 9. 1A, 1N, 2A, 2NThere are four participants in the debate. Eachperson gives one constructive speech, onerebuttal speech, asks questions once andanswers questions once. 10. 1A, 1N, 2A, 2NEach person has a role in the debate. They can be the 1A, 2A, 1N, or 2N.(First affirmative speaker, Second affirmative speaker, First negative speaker, Second negative speaker). 11. MAP OF THE ROUND1AC (first affirmative constructive)8 min 1A stays standing, CX by 2N3 min 1NC (first negative constructive)8 min 1N stays standing, CX by 1A3 min 2AC (second affirmative constructive)8 min 2A stays standing, CX by 1N3 min 2NC (second negative constructive)8 min 2N stays standing, CX by 2A3 min 1NR (first negative rebuttal)5 min 1AR (first affirmative rebuttal)5 min 2NR (second negative rebuttal)5 min 2AR (second affirmative rebuttal)5 min 12. CONSTRUCTIVES & REBUTTALS A constructive is one of the first fourspeeches. In thesespeeches, debaters initiate the keyarguments that they plan to make. 13. CONSTRUCTIVES & REBUTTALS There is a big difference between the first two and last two constructives.The first two speeches (1AC, 1NC) mostly consist of reading pre-written material and the last two constructives (2AC, 2NC) are written on the spot to counter arguments made by your opponent. 14. CONSTRUCTIVES & REBUTTALSWere rightbecause A rebuttal is one of the last four speeches. In these speeches, debaters refute points made by the other side and use logic and evidence comparisons to prove that their core arguments are correct. 15. MAP OF THE ROUND (COLOR CODED BY PERSON) 1AC (first affirmative constructive)8 min 1A stays standing, CX by 2N3 min 1NC (first negative constructive)8 min 1N stays standing, CX by 1A3 min 2AC (second affirmative constructive)8 min 2A stays standing, CX by 1N3 min 2NC (second negative constructive)8 min 2N stays standing, CX by 2A3 min 1NR (first negative rebuttal)5 min 1AR (first affirmative rebuttal)5 min 2NR (second negative rebuttal)5 min 2AR (second affirmative rebuttal)5 min 16. ACTIVITY Activity I give the four participants name tags that say 1A, 1N, 2A, 2N and have them go through the process of just standing up and announcing what speech they are giving. I have the partners sit together. For this first time, I do not have them actually say anything besides the aff I support the resolution and my plan is a great idea and the neg I think that the resolution is a bad idea and the plan stinks! I would skip CX for now. 17. WHEN DO YOU WRITE SPEECHES? Each team is given prep time to use how they like. Most judges give each side 8 or10 minutes. Share the time well with your partner. 18. WHEN DO YOU WRITE SPEECHES? TRY VERY HARD TO ONLYUSE PREP TIME DURING REBUTTALS! 19. WHEN DO YOU WRITE SPEECHES? ow can 8 or 10 minutes be enough?Quite a bit of debate work is done ahead of time. During the round, you will need to think of logical points on the spot and put your arguments in order but all of that is facilitated by work done before the 20. WHEN DO YOU WRITE SPEECHES? Research is done beforetournaments. The 1AC and majorcomponents of the 1NCare pre-written. You can write outanything that you like. Ifyou hear an newargument, write answersto it so that you do notneed prep next time! 21. WHEN DO YOU WRITE SPEECHES?filing means thatCarefulyou can find what youneed quickly. 22. WHEN DO YOU WRITE SPEECHES? Most importantly, all debaters take extensive notes during speeches. This is called flowing. Taking careful notes is absolutely essential to be able to respond to arguments made by the other side (and to remember what you said earlier in the debate). 23. WHEN DO YOU WRITE SPEECHES? how to structure these Learningnotes will give you an automaticway to organize your speeches.MAKES FLOWING THISEASIER FOREVERYONE 24. will talk more about that Welater. 25. 1AC (FIRST AFFIRMATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE)speech of the debate.FirstTALK FAST!! 26. affirmative team lays Theout their proposal and why they think that their proposal would have advantages over the currentsystem. 27. INHERENCYInherency (factualdescription of the currentsituationpoints to laws responsible for currentproblems) 28. SIGNIFICANT HARMS (outlinesHarms problems with the current situation) 29. PLAN Plan(short statement of what the affirmativeteam plans to do about the problems theyoutlined) Needs to start with the Resolved. Resolved: The United States federalgovernment should substantially increasesocial services for persons living in poverty inthe United States. 30. PLAN LETS SAY IT TOGETHER!! 31. SOLVENCY Solvency (reasons whythe affirmative plan willsolve the problems theyoutlined) 32. 1NC (FIRST NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE)The negative responds to the 1AC. After you graduate from novice, there will be a large number of arguments that you can use on the negative. For now, you need to pick out arguments from the packet. 33. 1NC (FIRST NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE)basic strategy is toYour demonstrate that the problems caused by the affirmative plan (disadvantages) are more substantial than the benefits of the plan (advantages). 34. 1NC (FIRST NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE) To do this, you need to both respondto the affirmative case 35. 1NC (FIRST NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE)and demonstrate that it would cause substantial problems. 36. 2AC (SECOND AFFIRMATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE)The main goal of the 2AC is to respond to all of the arguments made in the 1NC. The 2AC needs to go point by point and respond to each of the case arguments. The 2AC also needs to go to each off case argument, group the position, and respond to the argument. 37. 2AC (SECOND AFFIRMATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE) Most of the 2AC is original but you can write out arguments that you would like to use ahead of time. Look at each DA in the packet and pick out arguments that you would like to make in response. 38. 2AC (SECOND AFFIRMATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE) Remember that you made arguments in the 1AC that will be applicable. Extend any 1AC arguments that will help you beat negative positionsthere is no sense reading cards that repeat earlier ones. 39. 2NC (2ND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE ) 1NR (1ST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL ) Thesetwo speeches are the only onesgiven by the same side back-to-back. Itis nicknamed the negative block. 40. 2NC (SECOND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE) & 1NR (FIRST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL)Your job is to respond to each argument made by the 2AC on the positions that you plan to extend. 41. 2NC (SECOND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE) &1NR (FIRST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL) Your goal is to continue to defend a winning package (such as a DA and case defense, so that you can argue that the DA outweighs the case in the 42. 2NC (SECOND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE) & 1NR (FIRST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL) The2NC and 1NR should divide up flows and decide what each person willextend.How do you make the decision? 43. 2NC (SECOND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE) & 1NR (FIRST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL) After the 2AC but before CX (so that the 2N usesCX as productive prep time), the negative teamshould take a moment of prep to discuss who willextend which argument. 44. 2NC (SECOND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE) & 1NR (FIRST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL) Keep in mind that the 1NR has less time to speakbut more time to prepareit is often wise to givethem the argument that will be the most prepintensive. 45. 1AR (FIRST AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL) The 1AR builds on 2AC arguments + can make new answers to anything new brought up in the negative block. 46. 1AR (FIRST AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL) The 1AR does not have to extend every 2AC argument--there simply will not be time! Instead, focus on arguments that you are both ahead on and that will win you the debate. For instance, winning that the affirmative does not link (will not cause) the disadvantage is much more important than winning a nit-picky point. 47. 2NR (SECOND NEGATIVE REBUTTAL) The goal of the 2NR is to extend a winning package. If you prove that the aff plan is, on balance, a bad idea, then the judge will vote negative. 48. 2NR (SECOND NEGATIVE REBUTTAL) You should begin with this overview that explains why the impact of the DA outweighs the case. 49. 2NR (SECOND NEGATIVE REBUTTAL)REMEMBER! Whenyou extend you have to say HOW it outweighsRefute every 1AR argument made on the DA and case arguments that you wish to extend. This is where you point out dropped arguments and how you answered the affs case. 50. 2AR (SECOND AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL) The goal of the 2AR is to extend a winning package. If you prove that the aff plan is, on balance, a good idea, then the judge will vote negative. 51. 2AR (SECOND AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL) You should begin with an overview that explains why the impact of the case outweighs the DA. 52. 2AR (SECOND AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL) Build on previously made affirmative arguments. You do not need to win every point but you do need to a) win arguments that defeat the DA, and b) prove that your case is a good idea. 53. ACTIVITY In the mean time, can we have four more volunteers to give each speech? 1AC: Make a statement about why the federal government should provide health care to persons living in poverty. 1NC: Refute the point made by the 1AC and make an additional point about why the plan is too expensive. 2AC: Defend the point made in the 1AC and answer the expense argument made by the 1NC. 2NC: Continue the attack on the 1AC. 1NR: Continue supporting your additional point about why the plan is too expensive. 1AR: Respond to the previous two negative speeches. 2NR: State why your arguments are more correct than theirs and why the judge should vote for you (and avoid spending too much money). 2AR: State why your arguments are more correct than theirs and why the judge should vote for you (and help the poor even if it is expensive). 54. WHAT ABOUT CROSS-EXAMINATION? For your first tournament, preparing for cross- examination is your lowest priority. Debates are won or lost during the speeches. Cross- examination is important and we will work on it later, but for now, just think about your speeches. 55. WHAT ABOUT CROSS-EXAMINATION? Make up cross-examination questions on the spot. If you get totally stuck, you can always ask the other side to clarify their arguments. It might not be an exciting exchange but it will fill the 3 minutes while your partner is preparing to give a speech. 56. INFORMATION OVERLOAD?! Imagine having someone describe a football game to you if you had never seen a ball or the field, let alone an actual game. 57. INFORMATION OVERLOAD?! That is a little what it is like to have a debate described to you. 58. INFORMATION OVERLOAD?! The best way to learn is by actually doing it. Attend as many tournaments as possible, as soon an possible. Novices learn a TON from participating.