Book 2 Unit 6Famous Speeches Text A: Presidential Election Victory Speeches Quit

Contents12345Background Information & Cultural NotesLead-inText Structures Sentence Study Text AQuitWords & Phrases Key to Exercises 6

The Dust Bowl Birmingham campaign Selma to Montgomery marchesMontgomery Bus BoycottBackground Information & Cultural NotesHome

TheDust Bowl, or theDirty Thirties, was a period of severedust stormscausing major ecological and agriculturaldamage toAmericanandCanadianprairielands from 1930 to 1936 (in some areas until 1940). The phenomenon was caused by severedroughtcoupled with decades of extensive farming withoutcrop rotation, fallow fields,cover cropsor other techniques to preventwind erosion. For eight years dust blew on the southern plains. It came in a yellowish-brown haze from the South and in rolling walls of black from the North. The simplest acts of life breathing, eating a meal, taking a walk were no longer simple. Children wore dust masks to and from school, women hung wet sheets over windows in a futile attempt to stop the dirt, farmers watched helplessly as their crops blew away. Background Information & Cultural NotesBackHome

Yellowish brown haze

Montgomery Bus Boycott (TheMontgomery Bus Boycottwas a political and socialprotestcampaign that started in 1955 inMontgomery,Alabama,United States, intended to oppose the citys policy ofracial segregationon its public transit system. Many important figures in thecivil rights movementwere involved in the boycott, including ReverendMartin Luther King, Jr.,Ralph Abernathy, and others, as listed below. The boycott caused crippling financial deficit for the Montgomery public transit system, because the city's black population who were the principal boycotters were also the bulk of the system's paying customers. The campaign lasted from December 1, 1955, whenRosa Parks, anAfrican Americanwoman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling,Browder v. Gayle, took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional.Background Information & Cultural NotesBackHomeBrowder was a Montgomery housewife; Gayle was the mayor of Montgomery.

Background Information & Cultural NotesRosa Parks having her fingerprints taken after her arrest on 1st December, 1955.HomeBack

Birmingham campaign Background Information & Cultural NotesBackHomeHigh school students are hit by a high-pressure water jet from afirehose during a protest in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963, as photographed byCharles Moore. Images like this one, printed in Life, inspired international support for the demonstrators

Birmingham campaignTheBirmingham campaignwas a strategic movement organized by theSouthern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the unequal treatment thatblack Americansendured inBirmingham, Alabama. The campaign ran during the spring of 1963, culminating in widely publicized confrontations between black youth and white civic authorities, that eventually pressured the municipal government to change the city's discrimination laws. Organizers, led byMartin Luther King, Jr.usednonviolentdirect actiontactics to defy laws they considered unfair. King summarized the philosophy of the Birmingham campaign when he said: "The purpose of ... direct action is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation"BackHome..

Selma to Montgomery marches

Background Information & Cultural NotesBackHomeAlabama state troopers attack civil-rights demonstrators outside Selma, Alabama, on Bloody Sunday, March 7, 1965.

TheSelma to Montgomery marchesTheSelma to Montgomery marcheswere three marches in 1965 that marked thepoliticaland emotional peak of the American civil rights movement. They grew out of thevoting rightsmovement inSelma,Alabama, launched by local African-Americans who formed the Dallas County Voters League (DCVL). In 1963, the DCVL and organizers from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC) began voter-registration work. When white resistance to Black voter registration proved intractable, the DCVL requested the assistance ofMartin Luther King, Jr.and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, who brought many prominent civil rights and civic leaders to support voting rights.HomeBack

TheSelma to Montgomery marchesThe first march took place on March 7, 1965 Bloody Sunday when 600civil rightsmarchers were attacked by state and localpolicewithbilly clubsandtear gas. The second march, the following Tuesday, resulted in 2,500 protesters turning around after crossing theEdmund Pettus Bridge.The third march started March 16. The marchers averaged 10 miles (16km) a day alongU.S. Route 80, known in Alabama as the Jefferson Davis Highway. Protected by 2,000 soldiers of the U.S. Army, 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under Federal command, and many FBI agents and Federal Marshals, they arrived in Montgomery on March 24, and at theAlabama State Capitolon March 25.The route is memorialized as the Selma To Montgomery Voting Rights Trail, a U.S.National Historic Trail.HomeBack

Lead-in Can you name some famous speeches you have ever known? HomeQuestion 1

Lead-inGettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln) (18631119)I Have a Dream (Martin Luther King, Jr.) Martin Luther King, Jr.19291151968441964We Shall Fight on the Beaches (Winston Churchill)I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this Government: I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.HomeQuestion 1 Can you name some famous speeches you have ever known? Infamy Speech (Franklin D. Roosevelt)Yesterday, December 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. Kennedy Inauguration (John F. Kennedy )Quit India (Mahatma Gandhi)Freedom or Death (Emmeline Pankhurst) a feminist

Lead-inWhy can these speeches be so great? Question 2Home

Lead-inHomeQuestion 2 Why can these speeches be so great? Success of any speech depends on two factors its context and the way in which it is orated. Comprising deep thoughts and smoothest textual symmetries, great speeches are notable for changing the course of history and inspiring unfearing feats to fight against all odds!Orate: [:'reit, ':reit] vi. fight against all odds:

Lead-inWhat makes a good speech?Question 3Home

Lead-inHomeQuestion 3 What makes a good speech?1. Penetrating theme

2. Logical structure

3. Expressive language

Text StructureI. (1-5) Point out the significance of the victory of this election HomeII. (6-16) Give thanks to the people who are concerned III. (17-30) Face the challenges ahead together with the traditional American values and the new spirit IV. (31-39) Recall how America has changed throughout the time with the example of Ann Nixon Cooper V. (40-43) Call for the common responsibility to make the change and progress.

Sentence StudyIts the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are , and always will be , the United States of America. (Para. 3)1HomeRed States and Blue States: To Be Continued

Sentence StudyParaphrase: This question has been clearly answered by the peoples active participation in this election, whether they are young or old, rich or poor, Democrat or Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled or not disabled. By these actions, Americans have showed the world that America is not made up of separated supporters of either Democratic Party or Republican Party, but we are deeply united as one big nation.1 Home

Sentence StudyIts the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.(Para. 4)2HomeTo Be ContinuedCynical 1. He smiled a cynical smile.2. It is a bitterly cynical view, but that doesnt mean hes wrong.

Sentence StudyParaphrase: There are some people who have been made to no longer trust what we can achieve. But this time, in this election, those people have been persuaded to take active part and together help to make our country a better place.2Home

Sentence StudyIt grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generations apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep;...(Para. 15)apathy ['pi] n. 3HomeTo Be ContinuedThe opposite of love isnt hate; its apathy.

Sentence StudyParaphrase: One driving force of my success came from those young people who refused to imitate their peers who showed indifference to what is going on, from those young people who gave up staying at their comfortable homes and volunteered to join my election campaign though it meant little pay and less sleep;3Home

Sentence StudyWhat began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seekIt is only the change for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. (Para.23)4HomeTo Be ContinuedParaphrase: Twenty one months ago in the deep winter, we started a journey to seek to bring change to America by electing a president who can change America. Now we have succeeded in fulfilling that task. But let us be clear that, making me the president is not the change we are looking for. This only meant that we now have the opportunity to make the change that we want, but as for the real change were looking for, it will never come to us if we give up trying and let everything be as they were.

Sentence Study4 Home

Sentence Studywhile the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress.(Para.26)humility: [hju:milti] n. [ humilities ] 5Homehold back: To Be Continued

Sentence StudyParaphrase: the Democratic Party Has won a great victory in the election tonight, but we must be aware that we got this success because we have carried with quite a modest attitude and a very strong determination to get rid of the obstacles that have prevented us from developing.Home 5

New Words & ExpressionsHome

New Wordsunsung [,n's] adj. not famous or acclaimed1. unsung No song unsung, no wine untasted. 2. BackPara 11, Line 11. They are the unsung heroes of the Chinese economic miracle. 3. An unsung editor deserves some of the orchids.

New Words2. hatchhatch [ht] n. v. 1. emerge from the eggs (young birds, fish, and reptiles hatch ) 2. devise or invent Back1. The largest egg did not hatch. Para. 13, Line 22. They are hatching a plot. 3. Both men quickly disappeared down the hatch.

New Wordsapathy ['pi] n. 1. an absence of emotion or enthusiasm2. the trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in things generally3. apathy 1. She heard the story with apathy.Back2. The apathy of the people to public affairs worried the government.Para. 15, Line 2

New Wordsscorching ['sk:ti] adj. hot and dry enough to burn or parch a surface 4. scorching 1. Its scorching hot today. Back2. Working in the scorching sun all day has knocked me up. Para. 15, Line 33. He says this is particularly unpleasant, as people are forced to endure scorching heat and dust storms.

New Wordsperish ['peri] v. pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life 5. perish 1. Many soldiers would perish in battle. 2. Flowers perish when frost comes . Back3. He that trusts in a lie shall perish in truth. Para. 15, Line 6

New Wordsenormity [i'n:mti] n. vastness of size or extent 6. enormity 3. The cruel murderer was put to death for the enormity of his crime. 2. No doubt the enormity of the challenge before him made him tremble with fear. BackPara. 17, Line 21. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead.

New Wordsstrain [strein] v. to exert much effort or energy use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity n. 7. strain 1. That will add strain to financial markets. 2. Dont strain your mind too much Back3. The move, which was slammed by some Western countries, will further strain Russias ties with the West, already deteriorated due to the recent clashes in South Ossetia. Para. 26, Line 4

New Wordshuddle [hdl] v. crowd or draw together n. a disorganized and densely packed crowd 8. huddle 1. They huddled outside in the rain. 3. Nighttime temperatures in the region are below freezing and many people were forced to huddle together for warmth under makeshift shelters of plastic sheets and blankets. BackPara. 28, Line 22. There is a huddle of people around the injured man.

New Wordstyranny ['tirni] n. a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.); dominance through threat of punishment and violence 9. tyranny 1. Where laws end, tyranny begins.

2. Strength without gentleness is tyranny.

3. Stamp fascism into submission; stamp out tyranny.BackPara. 37, Line 1

New Wordscynicism ['sini,sizm] n. a cynical feeling of distrust 10. cynicism 1. For now, however, such cynicism is misplaced.

2. Because it feeds into the cynicism we all have about government.

3. We must not allow our necessary skepticism to degenerate into cynicism.BackPara. 42, Line 4

New Wordsdig into:1., 2. , 3., dig into 1. He dug into the ground to get something. 2. He dug a fork into the meat. 3. The detectives are digging into this whole business.

BackPara. 14, Line 1

New Wordsdig into:1., 2. , 3., dig into 4. Well have to dig into our savings to buy a car. 5. They had to dig into their cooky jar to pull through the crisis. 6. Dig into a subject/ dig into books

BackPara. 14, Line 1

New Words pitch in: 1. , 2., pitch in 1. Why do you pitch in so much money? 2. Please pitch in the waste paper to the dustbin. 3. If everyone pitches in, we'll soon have the job finished. ,

BackPara. 24, Line 2

New WordsHold back: 1., 2.; hold back 1. He was so impatient that I could hardly hold him back. , 2.They built dykes and dam to hold back the rising flood waters. 3.She couldn't hold back her tears any longer and wept aloud., Though very angry, I held back from telling him exactly what I thought.,

BackPara. 26, Line 3

New WordsHold back: 1., 2.; hold back 3. She couldn't hold back her tears any longer and wept aloud. , 4. Though very angry, I held back from telling him exactly what I thought. ,

BackPara. 26, Line 3

Key to Exercises1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentences that best express the meaning of the statement from the text.(1)B (2)C (3)B (4)C (5)CHome

Key to Exercises(1) enthusiasm; making their votes to choose; wait long hours(2)donated; contributed; impossible(3) its ideals; democracy; liberty; opportunity; unyielding hope(4)disastrous things; more equal; more democratic(5)job opportunities; prosperous; peace; American dream; what they are afterb. Fill in the blanks with the information you have learned in the text.Home

Key to Exercises2.VocabularyFill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1)hold back (2)scorching (3)enormity (4)thrive (5)better off(6)tyranny (7)cynicism (8)stretch (9)strained (10)huddledHome

Key to Exercises2.Vocabulary(1)B (2)C (3)A (4)B (5)C (6)A (7)D (8)C (9)C (10)B b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Home

Key to Exercises3. Clozechoose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only once. Change the form where necessary.(1)well (2)elect (3)oldest (4)African-American (5)discrimination (6)generated (7)accelerates (8)louder (9)developing (10)voters (11)demonstrated(12)nomination (13)multicultural (14)benefits (15)compete (16)together(17)looking for (18)sense (19)represents (20)excelledHome

Key to Exercises4. Translation a. Chinese to English: Translate the following sentences into English.(2) We were all astonished beyond measure on hearing that Tom and Jane are getting married after knowing each other for merely two weeks.(1) To dismiss John from his job when his wife has just left him would be hitting a man when he is down. HomeTo Be Continued

Key to Exercises4. Translation a. Chinese to English: Translate the following sentences into English.(3) She began to put the house straight, making beds and washing dishes, cleaning and tidying; but she could not summon up any spirit at all. Home(4) Despite the differences in color, race and creed, we are one country, mourning together and facing danger together.To Be Continued

Key to Exercises4. Translation a. Chinese to English Translate the following sentences into English.(6) John Travolta has been obsessed with planes since he was a little boy. When he was eight years old , his mother and sister pitched in to get him a fancy toy plane for Christmas.(5) With love I will tear down the wall for suspicion and hate in peoples hearts and build bridges of love to their souls.HomeTo Be Continued

Key to Exercises4. Translation a. Chinese to English Translate the following sentences into English.(7) Wish you a very successful semester as you dig into the science of psychology and put it into practice in your own lives, and think about how to take psychology from the classroom to the world.Home(8) They are a group of fearless fighters, and as a group they have conquered one difficulty after another. Though they met with many difficulties, they are still carrying out the plan with determination and devotion.

Key to Exercises4. Translation a. Chinese to English Translate the following paragraph into English. The past 30 years of reform and opening-up have brought about historical changes in Chinas relation with the rest of the world. China , once a closed and semi-closed society, has opened itself to the outside world. China actively participates in international and regional cooperation and has become a major engine propelling global economic growth. It has established extensive contacts with the international community and taken an active part in international and regional affairs. HomeTo Be Continued

Key to Exercises4. Translation a. Chinese to English Translate the following paragraph into English.Faithfully fulfilling its obligations and playing a responsible and constructive role , China is now an important force for maintaining world peace and promoting common development. Any country that wants to develop itself should not only rely on its own efforts, but also carry out reform and opening-up and pursue win-win progress and common development with other counties. This is the conclusion we have drawn from the success of Chinas development endeavor. And we are keenly aware that in this increasingly globalized world Chinas future is inseparably bound up with the future of the world. Home

Key to Exercises4. Translation b. English to Chinese Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. ---Home

Key to Exercises4. Translation b. English to Chinese Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. 1

2HomeTo Be Continued

Key to Exercises4. Translation b. English to Chinese Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. 345Home

Key to Exercises5. Writing

Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a composition on the topic Frustration and Life. You should base your composition on the outline below.1) 2) 3) Write an essay in English with 150 word at least under the title below.SAMPLEHome

Key to ExercisesEveryone in the world dreams of a happy, carefree life. The truth is, life is constructed with a great deal of different experiences. Frustration is one which always goes along with ones life. Some people compare the world to a large stage, each person being an actor in a play. Frustration is one of the programs. How to deal with it might foretell the success or failure of the play. Frustration has strong impact on people. The impact, in most cases, is not a bad one. For many people, frustration can stimulate them to succeed. They think it is not a real life without frustration. By conquering frustration, they practice their various abilities to solve problems. They learn a lot from it. So, they consider frustration as a part of life because they become stronger after conquering it. The development of the society requires people to get over the frustrations and create new things. Mencius, a great philosopher in China two thousand years ago, once said: if you want to become a great man, you must be chastened by frustration, your heart and soul would be attacked, and then you grow up; your muscles must be labored and then you become strong.In brief, frustration and life are closely related. It is true that the road to happiness is strewn with setbacks. This motto must be recognized: bitterness ends up with sweetness; Sweetness ends up with bitterness. They exist together, and people become mature through them. SAMPLE 1Home

Text B The End Of The Beginning Key to the Exercises

Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1)perish (2) submit (3)irrecoverable (4)cram (5)provident (6)render (7)apparatus (8)prelude (9)plead for (10) decisively

Text B The End Of The Beginningb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1)Battle of Egypt(2)to destroy (3)British blood(4)Germans ;weapons(5)battlefield; mercilessly(6)German vehicles

(7)momentous; western end of Mediterranean(8)Spain and Portugal; independent and free(9)France; family of Europe(10)Pit of misery; their own improvidence; the brutal violence of the enemy

Text B The End Of The Beginningc. Decide whether the statement is TURE or FALSE according to the text.

(1)F (2) F (3) T (4) T (5) F (6) F (7) T (8) F (9) T (10)T

THANK YOU!Quit