1st alltrain workshop bonn, germany€¦ · 1st alltrain workshop . bonn, germany . 23-10-2014. top...

1st AllTraIn Workshop Bonn, Germany

23-10-2014

TOP Content Time Responsible

- Welcome Coffee - 10:00

1 Welcome 10:30 BASt

2 Project overview - Initial questions

10:45 BASt

3 Hazard identification and security threats to road an rail infrastructure

- What are common challenges in security for road/rail - What are the differences? - Classification of threats - Presentation of results (Q1)

11:15 CDV

4 Infrastructure categorization and susceptibility of infrastructure to specific hazards

- Important infrastructure factors - Specific vulnerabilities of road an rail infrastructures - How to categorize infrastructures – an example

11:45 CENOR

- Lunch break - 12:30

TOP Content Time Responsible

5 Assessment methodology – How to determine threats for specific infrastructures and vice versa

- Approach and purpose - Example application

13:30 ILF

6 Discussion round (Q2) 14:00 ILF

- Coffee break - 15:10

7 „All-Hazard Guide for Transport Infrastructure“ - Objectives - Layout - Presentation of results (Q3)

15:30 BASt

8 Closing remarks/2nd Workshop Preview 15:50 BASt

End of Workshop (Distribution of re-imbursement forms) 16:00 BASt

TOP 2 - Project overview 23-10-2014

Security…

7.11.2014 5

Extreme consequences large damage high costs fatalities?

AllTraIn definition

7.11.2014 6

The preparedness, prevention and preservation of a transport infrastructure

against exceptional man-made and natural hazards

• All-Hazard Guide for Transport Infrastructure • Funded by European Commission (CIPS-Program -

Prevention, Preparedness and Consequence Management of Terrorism and other Security-related Risks)

• Duration: 2013-2015 • 4 partners:

– Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (Coordinator) – ILF Consulting Engineers, Austria – CENOR Consulting Engineers, Portugal – CDV Transport Research Centre, Czech Republic

7.11.2014 7

Project „AllTraIn“

Project idea

Dual-entrance 1) What kind of

threats are relevant for my structure X?

2) What kind of structures are susceptible to threat Y?

Improving knowledge on potential risks and methodological know-how to mitigate and prevent them

Conceptualization of a comprehensive and structured all-hazard guide for transport infrastructure

Considered factors: All threats intermodal (to the largest extent) Ready for practice implementation for owners and operators

Threats considered

7.11.2014 9

Geohazards Extreme weather

Man-made unintentional

Man-made intentional

Infrastructure considered

7.11.2014 10

Cuts

Hubs

Embankments Bridges

Tunnels

Ferries

Main objectives of the project

To identify all relevant threats for transport infrastructures in Europe

To determine criteria for the identification of important transport infrastructures in Europe, based on common aspects

To develop a qualitative assessment procedure of different transport infrastructure with respect to a set of different threats

To conceptualize a comprehensive and structured all-hazard guide for critical transport infrastructures in Europe

State of the Art

Analysis of the state of the art of transport security

research

7.11.2014 12

WP1

Threats Identification and compilation of all possible threats

which might affect the

availability of transport

infrastructure in Europe

WP2 Infrastructure Development of criteria for the

identification of important

infrastructure associated to

threat vulnerability

WP3

Approach for Assessment

Development of a methodological approach for the

assessment of threats and

infrastructures

WP4

Structure

7.11.2014 13

All-Hazard Guide

Preparation and elaboration of an all-hazard guide

for transport infrastructure

WP5 Demonstration and Validation Application of the Guide on selected

examples in different

countries to give feedback to the

developed Guide

WP6

Monitoring and

Dissemination

WP7

Structure

14

0 asset X

hazard Y

hazard X1…Xn

asset Y1…Yn

HUMAN

H A Z A R D S

NATURAL

BRIDGES

A S S E T S

CUTS TUNNELS EMBANKMENTS

Initial event Local

phenomenon Impact Local consequence

Global consequence …

H A Z A R D A S S E T STAKEHOLDERS

Sequence chain

Top-level hazard events, defined as: Human actions, failure of man-made items, meteorological events, geophysical events

Lower-level hazard events evolving at the asset location

The way in which a hazard acts against a given asset (e.g. water height, applied forces)

The unwanted condition of an asset inflicted by an impact, expressed as physical damage or disruption.

Consequences from the perspective of owner, operator and society. Quantified in terms of repair cost, loss of revenues and detour cost.

Beyond SotA

7.11.2014 16

Existing research AllTraIn

Mode-specification Single modes (road, rail, waterway, etc.)

Road and rail, hubs and ferries

Threats Specific (either man-made intentional, natural hazards, climate change, etc.)

All threats Man-made Extreme weather geohazards

Infrastructure Single elements: Tunnels/bridges, ports, roads

Multiple: tunnels, bridges, embankments, cuts, hubs

Problem Problem-specific/single problems (drainage, etc.)

Multi-problem solving

Country Single countries, EU, US EU

- Q1: What are the main common security challenges for road and rail traffic infrastructure in Europe? What are the differences? - Q2: What should be the focus of and what advantages do you expect from an All-Hazard-Guide for Transport Infrastructure?

Initial questions

TOP 3 – Hazard identification and security threats to road and rail infrastructure 23-10-2014

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WP2 task: IDENTIFICATION AND COMPILATION OF

ALL POSSIBLE THREATS (HAZARDS) REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORT

INFRASTRUCTURE IN EUROPE

⇒ TEN-T NETWORK ROAD, RAIL, INTERMODAL HUBS

AllTraIn Advisory Board meeting, Bergisch Galdbach + Workshop Bonn 22+23/10/2014

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HAZARD (WP2) within ALLTraIn project structure


Hazard identification and security threats to road and rail infrastructure

• What are common challenges in security for road/rail • What are the differences? • Classification of threats


21

HAZARD (definition by project AllTraIn)

A potential event which can compromise the security and/or availability of traffic infrastructure assets.


22

SCOPE of PROJECT • TRANSPORT MODES: ROAD, RAIL excluded air, maritime, inland navigation (specific rules) except if integral part of transport chain (road/rail ferries, rail/road – air/sea terminals), urban transport (not European dimension)

• IMPORTANCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE: TEN-T, core national routes with serious impact or crucial importance

• IMPACT & CONSEQUENCES: RELEVANT FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC (damage on infrastructure and/or traffic disruption > half day)


23

What are common challenges in security for road/rail

• Common goals: - to minimize damage on health - to keep traffic going - to minimize consequences on traffic - to minimize damage on infrastructure - to restore the normal conditions as soon as possible


24

What are the differences between road/rail? • Network density • Traffic density – Network capacity (ability to respond to

increased traffic demand)

• Traffic management • Impact of incidents on traffic disruption/interruption –

time demand to introduce temporary alternative regime, to restore normal conditions

• Impact of incidents on infrastructure – time demand and financial requirements for temporary alternative solution, for definitive reconstruction

AllTraIn Advisory Board meeting, Bergisch Galdbach + Workshop Bonn

22+23/10/2014 25

What are the differences between road/rail? (II) • Network density • Traffic density – Network capacity (ability to respond to

increased traffic demand) > more dense road network, capable to accommodate increased traffic (typically several (relatively) parallel motorways + capacity national roads in major areas) vs. normative restrictions on certain rail lines (weight, length, electricity power supply) • Traffic management > more developed and efficient in rail system (signalling on all lines, communication with all vehicles, higher compliance with legislation and standards) vs. individual responsibility of road drivers

26 AllTraIn Advisory Board meeting, Bergisch Galdbach + Workshop Bonn 22+23/10/2014

What are the differences between road/rail? (III) • Impact of incidents on traffic disruption/interruption –

time demand to introduce temporary alternative regime, to restore normal conditions > depends on actual conditions; usually easier to implement temporary traffic regime in road traffic (unless “Emergency Plan” for rail is available)

• Impact on infrastructure – time demand and financial requirements for temporary alternative solution, for definitive reconstruction > costs of maintenance after road accident lower; time: road can adopt “temporary” engineering measures, rail requires definitive repair.

Damage to rail specific infrastructure (tunnel) usually not so extensive and easier to repair.

27 AllTraIn Advisory Board meeting, Bergisch Galdbach + Workshop Bonn

22+23/10/2014

What are the differences between road/rail? (IV) • Investigation of incident/accident – crucial difference

from the AllTraIn project view: • Very precise detailed investigation of all events in rail

(and even more in air) traffic regardless consequences vs. pointing of offender only in road traffic

• Binding recommendations for measures in rail & air reflected in traffic rules, vehicle and infrastructure design & construction standards etc vs. usually hardly any improvements implemented in road traffic & design

[Political question – rail & air standards declared by professionals x Highway Code adopted by Parliament under lobbyists’ pressure and own ideas of MPs]

28 AllTraIn Advisory Board meeting, Bergisch Galdbach + Workshop Bonn

22+23/10/2014

EXAMPLE OF “INTENTIONAL HUMAN MAN-MADE THREAT” initial event: car insurance fraud attempt

local phenomena: derailment after car/rail accident (2 injuries) due to misunderstanding in communication Police - Railway Vraňany (19.03.2007)


EXAMPLE OF “INTENTIONAL HUMAN MAN-MADE THREAT” Vraňany-Dolní Beřkovice (19.03.2007)

Recommendations (DICR Investigation Report of Rail Accident) - to equip each level crossing with visible table with unique level

crossing ID-number and an emergency telephone number, in order to avoid misunderstandings when alerting emergency services or infrastructure manager in case of emergency.

- to provide all railway undertakings and emergency services with list of all level crossings showing their ID-numbers and emergency telephone numbers.

- to launch a media campaign informing the public about proper behaviour in case of emergency situation at a level crossing.

- to develop infrastructure manager's internal procedure responding for an emergency information from the public.


Classification of hazards

• Initial event Top-level hazard events, defined as „Human actions, failure of man-made items, meteorological events, geophysical events“ • Local phenomenon Lower-level hazard events evolving at the asset location • Impact – the way in which a hazard acts a given asset • Transport mode / specific infrastructure


Classification of threats - INITIAL EVENT • MADE MAN - Intentional – criminal act against person, assets,

traffic/transport or against external infrastructure or environment with impact on traffic/transport infra

- Unintentional - Technical failure (of infrastructure, IT, vehicle …) - Human error - External reasons (technical, environmental)

• NATURAL EVENTS


EXAMPLES of INITIAL EVENT (I) • MADE MAN - INTENTIONAL – ramming, terrorism, suicide, explosion, theft of

IT, cables, hazardous release, forest fire - UNINTENTIONAL

- Technical failure, poor maintenance (of infrastructure, IT, vehicle …), design or construction flaw

- Human error – dangerous driving, vehicle overloading, insufficient freight fixing, dangerous goods

- External reasons (technical, environmental) – forest fire, water/oil/gas leakage, electricity blackout


EXAMPLES of INITIAL EVENT (II) • NATURAL EVENTS - WEATHER – extreme freeze-heat, heavy rainfall/snowfall,

flood, (sea)storm, wind (hurricane, tornado), frost-thaw cycle

- GEOHAZARDS – landslide, rock fall, avalanche, volcanic eruption, earthquake, soil erosion, tsunami


LOCAL PHENOMENON 3.1 Explosion 3.2 Fire 3.3 Crack (growth), abrasion, corrosion, erosion 3.4 Excessive vehicle weight 3.5 Failure of M+E system 3.6 Hazardous release 3.7 Accident (collision, derailment) 3.8 Flood 3.9 Projectile 3.10 Rock fall 3.11 Tsunami

35

3.12 Ground acceleration 3.13 Landslide 3.14 Avalanche 3.15 Snowdrift 3.16 Toggled trees 3.17 Bush fire 3.18 Waves 3.19 Storm surge 3.20 Sand storm 3.21 Lightning 3.22 Magma flow 3.23 Ash cloud

AllTraIn Advisory Board meeting, Bergisch Galdbach + Workshop Bonn

22+23/10/2014

IMPACT

• Obstruction • Structural deterioration • Operational deterioration • Following local consequence • out of service duration [days] • Repair costs [k€] • Traffic impact costs [k€]


TRANSPORT MODE / SPECIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE • Modes: road, rail, intermodal hubs (road-rail, road/rail-

river, road/rail-seaport, road/rail-airport) • Specific infrastructure: bridge, tunnel, cut, embankment; • Geographical location: open landscape, highland,

mountains, seaside (incl. under-/across sea), built-up area


WP 2 “DELIVERABLES”

• WP REPORT (under processing) • DATABASE OF SELECTED EVENTS – should be

representative to cover as much as “Initial events” and “Local phenomena's” for road and rail, different specific infrastructure and geographic location


EVENT DATABASE


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Jan Spousta [email protected] Dr. Miroslav Vančura miroslav.vanč[email protected] CENTRUM DOPRAVNÍHO VÝZKUMU, veřejná výzkumná instituce

TRANSPORT RESEARCH CENTRE, public research institution Head Office: CZ-636 00 Brno, Líšeňská 33a BRANCH OFFICE PRAGUE CZ-186 00 Praha 8, Thámova 7

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:miroslav.van%C4%[email protected]

TOP 4 – Infrastructure categorization and susceptibility of infrastructure to specific hazards 23-10-2014

42

• ALLTraIn project structure (Infrastructure/asset)

The WP3 considered the most relevant infrastructures in a transport system. These infrastructure (excepting ferries) are all part of a ROAD, RAIL or MIXED transport system.

Types of Infrastructures

43

Bridges

Tunnels

Embankments

Cuts

Ferries

Transportation Physical Vulnerability Concept

44

Main Purpose

Output

identify and propose criteria for VULNERABILITY assessment of transport infrastructure

The emphasis is on built infrastructures (including existing mitigation measures)

a methodology for the classification (ranking) of potentially vulnerable transport infrastructures

45

Assumptions and Methodology

The purpose of WP3 is to develop a Consequence Matrix based on the threats and the Vulnerability concept in order to establish the Infrastructure Identification. The Infrastructure Identification is based on two factors:

Type of Impact

Obstruction

Structural Impact

Operational Impact

Type of Local Consequence

Repair and replacement costs

Out of service time

Vulnerability (definition adopted in AllTrain): The characteristics and circumstances of an asset that makes it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard (UNISDR). Vulnerability is understood as the degree of damage that the infrastructure would sustain in the event of a particular impact. Factors affecting the physical vulnerability of the transport infrastructures are grouped into three main categories.

Assumptions and Methodology

46

The three major factor categories are, in accordance with Husdal (2004) Structural factors, Natural factors and Traffic factors.

47

Infrastructure Identification for Vulnerability Assessment

Associated to the built infrastructure and its design specifications

Structural Factors

Infrastructure Characterization for Vulnerability Assessment

48

Associated with the environment of the site where the infrastructure is built

Natural Factors

Concerning traffic characteristics that may influence the non-structural effects

Traffic Factors

Categorization Tables - Factors affecting the vulnerability

49

Bridges (Roads and Railways)

Structural Factors Affecting Physical Vulnerability

System Cross-Section MaterialEx. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:

1. Beam bridge 1. Solid 1. Concrete 1. Span < l1 1. Height < h1 1. Length < L1 1. Old&Poorly Maintained2. Cable Stayed Bridge 2. Hollow 2. Steel 2. l1 < Span < l2 2. h1 < Height < h2 2. L1 < Length < L2 2. Old & Well Maintained3. Suspended 3. Truss 3. Composite 3. Span > l2 3. Height > h2 3. Length > L2 3. New4. Movable Bridge 4. Prestressed Concrete5. Earth-Covered Bridge6. Other

Natural Factors Affecting Physical Vulnerability

Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:

1. Hard Rock 1. River2. Soft Rock/Hard Soil 2. Lake/Small River3. Soft Soil 3. Sea / ocean

4. Plain ground5. Mountain valley

Traffic Factors Affecting Physical VulnerabilityTraffic Category

Ex. of categories: Traffic Type Traffic Volume

1. Highway Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:

2. Normal Road 1. Passengers 1. annual daily average3. High-Speed Railway 2. Freight (cargo) 2. rush-hour4. Normal Railway 3. Mixed Traffic

Length Structural condition

Crossing CharacteristicsGeological/Geotechnical Foundation Conditions

Construction TypeSpan Height

Bridges

50

Tunnels

Tunnels (Roads and Railways)


System Cross-SectionEx. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:

1. NATM 1. Single Tube 1. Length < L1 1. Area < A1 1. Shallow tunnel 1. High Capacity 1. Existent 1. Existent 1. Existent 1. Old/ Poorly Maint.2. TBM 2. Double Tube 2. L1 <Length< L2 2. A1 < Area < A2 2. Deep tunnel 2. Low capacity 2. Non-exist. 2. Non-exist. 2. Non-exist. 2. New/ Well Maint.3. Cut&Cover 3. Length > L2 3. Area > A2

Natural Factors Affecting Physical VulnerabilityHydrological conditionsSurface Water table

Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:

1. Hard Rock 1. Submerged 1. Below tunnel invert level2. Soft Rock/Hard Soil 2. Under flood level 2. Above tunnel invert level3. Soft Soil 3. Above flood level

Traffic Factors Affecting Physical VulnerabilityTraffic Type Traffic Volume

Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:

1. Passengers 1. annual daily average2. Freight (cargo) 2. rush-hour3. Mixed Traffic

Fire Protection

Emergency /Detection

Structural condition

Traffic Category

Drainage Systems

Cover DepthCross-section

AreaVentilation

SystemsLength

Construction Type

Geological/Geotechnical Foundation Conditions

Ex. of categories:

1. Highway2. Normal Road3. High-Speed Railway4. Normal Railway


51

Embankments

Embankments (Roads and Railways)


Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:

1. Simple Embakment 1. Slope < s1 1. Height < h1 1. High Capacity2. Side-Benched Embakment 2. s1 < Slope < s2 2. h1 < Height < h2 2. Medium Capacity3. Embankment with Light Ground Improv. 3. Slope > s2 3. Height > h2 3. Low capacity4. Embankment with Extensive Ground Improv.


Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:

1. Hard Rock 1. Under flood level 1. Shallow2. Soft Rock/Hard Soil 2. Above flood level 2. Deep3. Soft Soil

Traffic Factors Affecting Physical VulnerabilityTraffic Category Traffic Type Traffic Volume

Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:1. Highway 1. Passengers 1. annual daily average2. Normal Road 2. Freight (cargo) 2. rush-hour3. High-Speed Railway 3. Mixed Traffic4. Normal Railway


Construction Type Lateral Slopes Height Drainage Systems


52

Cuts

Cuts (Roads and Railways)



1. Simple Cut 1. Slope < s1 1. Depth < d1 1. High Capacity2. Side-Benched Cut 2. s1 < Slope < s2 2. d1 < Depth < d2 2. Medium Capacity3. Cut with Light Ground Improvement (GI) 3. Slope > s2 3. Depth > d2 3. Low capacity4. Cut with Extensive GI / Retaining Walls



1. Hard Rock 1. Slope < ns1 1. Under flood level 1. Below excavation base2. Soft Rock/Hard Soil 2. ns1 < Slope < ns2 2. Above flood level 2. Above excavation base3. Soft Soil 3. Slope > ns2

Traffic Factors Affecting Physical VulnerabilityTraffic Category Traffic Type Traffic Volume

Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories: Ex. of categories:1. Highway 1. Passengers 1. annual daily average2. Normal Road 2. Freight (cargo) 2. rush-hour3. High-Speed Railway 3. Mixed Traffic4. Normal Railway

Drainage Systems


Natural Slope

Construction Type Lateral Slopes Depth


53

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

TOP 5 – Assessment methodology – How to assess threats for specific infrastructures and vice versa 23-10-2014

55

0 asset X

hazard Y

hazard X1…Xn

asset Y1…Yn

HUMAN

H A Z A R D S

NATURAL

BRIDGES

A S S E T S

CUTS TUNNELS EMBANKMENTS

Initial event Local




Sequence chain

Top-level hazard events, defined as: Human actions, failure of man-made items, meteorological events, geophysical events

Lower-level hazard events evolving at the asset location

The way in which a hazard acts against a given asset (e.g. water height, applied forces)

The unwanted condition of an asset inflicted by an impact, expressed as physical damage or disruption.

Consequences from the perspective of owner, operator and society. Quantified in terms of repair cost, loss of revenues and detour cost.

Initial event Local




Sequence chain

Heavy rain

Debris flow

Mechanical force against embankment

Road/railroad disrupted

Loss of revenue,

travel delays

Initial action Local phenomenon Impact

M A

N -

M A

D E

Fire

Explosion

Projectile

Ramming

Hazardous release

Flood

Landslide (slide/fall)

Avalanche

Theft

Blockade

Sabotage

Intense water front

Excessive vehicle weight / height

Ground subsidence

Liquefaction

Various inten-tional

actions

Various uninten-

tional actions

Structural impact

Obstruction

Operational impact

Additional (statical, dynamical) load on infrastructure and/or reduced structural resistance

Physical presence of volumes on the traffic cross section

Reduced functionality of traffic infrastructure equipment

Local consequence Global consequence

Initial action Local phenomenon Impact

M A

N -

M A

D E

Fire

Explosion

Projectile

Ramming

Hazardous release Out-of-

service time

Repair and replacement

costs

Local consequence

Dam

age

Disr

uptio

n


costs

Detour costs

NETWORK Level OBJECT Level

Flood

Global consequence


Avalanche

Theft

Blockade

Sabotage

Intense water front

Excessive vehicle weight / height

Ground subsidence

Liquefaction

Various inten-tional

actions

Various uninten-

tional actions

Structural impact

Obstruction

Operational impact

Landslide (slide/fall) Intense water front

Ground deformation/displ.

Flood

Landslide (flow)

Avalanche Snowdrift

Bush fire


Ice storm

Lightning

Storm surge Sand storm

Toggled trees

Magma flow Ash cloud


Extreme earthquake

Extreme rainfall

Extreme snowfall

Extr. hot weather

Various continuous processes

Hail Extreme cold

Thunderstorm

Extreme wind, storm

Vulcanic eruption

Initial event Local phenomenon

N A

T U

R A

L

Toggled trees

Structural impact

Obstruction

Operational impact

Out-of-service time


costs

Local consequence

Dam

age

Disr

uptio

n

OBJECT Level Impact


costs

Detour costs

NETWORK Level Global consequence

Liquefaction

Ground subsidence


Landslide (flow)

Approach

• For each local phenomenon, establish hazard tree – Bifurcations due to hazard characteristics (WP2) – Bifurcations due to infrastructure characteristics (WP3)

• At each branch end: – Impact (Structural impact, operational impact, obstruction) – Local consequence (repair and replacement costs, out-of-service

time)

7.11.2014 3rd AllTraIn meeting, Vienna 19+20/02/2014

61

Practical examples 23-10-2014

Example 1: Landslide (flow)

Landslide (flow): Principle

How will the results be made applicable for the end user? • Event trees translated into a database

• Database incorporated in user software

• User chooses filter criteria from list

(physical environment, structural characteristics etc.)

• List of objects or list of hazards is displayed

Fire – pre-step…

7.11.2014 72

Fire - …impact for embankments/cuts

7.11.2014 73

Fire - …impact for bridges

7.11.2014 74

Fire - …impact for tunnels

7.11.2014 75

TOP 6 – Discussion round 23-10-2014

Questions What is your expectation from the assessment methodology

in terms of - threats considered, - types of infrastructure considered - level of detail of infrastructure categorization, - applicability/usability, and - the generated output

TOP 7 - All-Hazard Guide for Transport Infrastructure 23-10-2014

All-Hazard Guide for Transport

Infrastrutcture

Assessment procedure

Ready for practice

Europe-wide application

Designed for owners/operators

of multi-modal networks

Main objectives of the “Guide”

to enable owners/operators in Europe to identify relevant threats for his infrastructure

to identify the infrastructures in his network which are susceptible to a specific threat

enabling owners/operators to decide on the priorities for the allocation of funds regarding measures increasing the availability of structures

To improve the security of infrastructure in European networks of Transport (TEN-T)

Chapter 1 – Introduction

Identification and classification of hazards

Common challenges & differences of road and rail

security

Examples of hazards

Explanation of basic concepts (man-made vs.

natural; security vs. safety; intentional vs. unintentional)

Analysis of ideal types of hazards; classification system (based on hazard sheets)

Analysis of examples man-made intentional/unintentional; natural; classification system (based on event sheets)

Glossary of terms/acronyms

Chapter 2 – Hazards and security threats to road an rail

infrastructure

Chapter 3 – Infrastructure Infrastructure categorization and susceptibility to specific hazards

Vulnerabilities towards specific threats

Infrastructure types (road and rail, hubs and ferries)

Categorization

Examples

Detailed explanation of selection of infrastructure and relevant categories: crossing characteristics, hydro-geological conditions, design conditions, etc.

Basic conditions and factors (structural, natural, traffic)

Short explanation of factors influencing hazard susceptibilities; explanation of terms

Bridge

Tunnel

Embankment

Cut

Hazard scenario A… Hazard scenario B… Hazard scenario C…

Chapter 4 – Assessment methodology

How to determine threats for infrastructure and vice versa

Hazard matrix

Definition of terms and sequence chain

Impact matrix

Consequence matrix

Assessment matrix

Event trees - examples

Chapter 5 – Applying the methodology (Demo)

Introduction for owners and operators – general

Data needed (infrastructure

+ network)

Procedure (stepwise)

Test Case 1

Test Case 2

Scenario description

Scenario description

Application

Software demonstration

Results & Conclusions

Application

Results & Conclusions

Incl. 1) Corridor selection 2) Infrastructure selection 3) Hazard identification

Incl. 1) Corridor selection 2) Hazard selection 3) Infrastructure

identification

Haza

rd te

st c

ase

Infrastructure test case

Chapter 6 – Strategies for measure implementation

Example measures (Test case 1)

Possibilities for implementing measures

(Sequence chain)

Measures

Example measures (Test case 2)

Preventive Mitigative Reactive

Structural Operational Organisational

Emergency Management

Chapter 7 – Conclusions for owners and operators

User scenarios and recommendations

Further steps

Questions

• Is the „Guide“ structured in a way that may help owners/operators to identify threats/endangered infrastructure

• Is there something to be added? • What is most important/less important?

7.11.2014 87

7.11.2014 88

End of Workshop Thank you for your participation!

Definitions (1/5)

89

Term Definition

Asset A relevant infrastructure element or section

Hazard A potential event which can compromise the security and/or availability of traffic infrastructure assets

Initial event Top-level hazard events, defined as: Human actions, failure of man-made items, meteorological events, geophysical events

Local phenomenon Lower-level hazard events evolving at the asset location

Impact The way in which a hazard acts against a given asset (e.g. water height, applied forces)

Impact characterization Quantification of the impact

Definitions (2/5)

90

Term Definition

Exposed value Defines the value of the infrastructure, in terms of replacement cost and time, which is subject to the impacts of the local phenomenon. Depends only on the asset characteristics

Vulnerability The characteristics and circumstances of […] an asset that makes it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard (UNISDR)

Local consequence The unwanted condition of an asset inflicted by an impact, expressed as physical damage or disruption (out-of-service state). Quantified in terms of repair cost and disruption time: Local consequence = Exposed value × Vulnerability

Global consequence Consequences from the perspective of owner, operator and society. Quantified in terms of repair cost, loss of revenues and detour cost. Depends e.g. on the number of affected users and the network configuration.

Definitions (3/5)

91

Term Definition

Structural impact Additional (statical, dynamical) load on infrastructure and/or reduced structural resistance

Obstruction Physical presence of volumes on the traffic cross section

Operational impact Reduced functionality of traffic infrastructure equipment

Definitions (4/5)

92

Term Definition

Criticality The relevance of an infrastructure element or section for the availability of a traffic infrastructure network

Safety The protection of transport infrastructure against unintentional events such as accidents, covered by relevant standards (SecMan)

Security The preparedness, prevention and preservation of a transport infrastructure against exceptional man-made and natural hazards

Uncertainty Indeterminacy of some of the elements that characterize a situation or of the outcomes of a process, due to limited or lacking knowledge (epistemic reducible uncertainty) or due to the intrinsic or natural variability of a process (aleatory and irreducible uncertainty)

Definitions (5/5)

93

Term Definition

Likelihood Qualitative description of the uncertainty of the occurrence of an event. Can be quantified as frequency or probability.

Frequency The number of times a specified event occurs within a specified interval, e.g. accidents per year (PIARC)

Return period 1/Frequency, i.e. the expected number of time units between two occurrences of an event

Probability Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1 (PIARC)

Risk The combination of the likelihood of an event and its negative consequences (based on UNISDR)

1st alltrain workshop bonn, germany€¦ · 1st alltrain workshop . bonn, germany . 23-10-2014. top...

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