zulfaqar j. def. sci. eng. tech. vol.2 issue 2 (2019) 77-82

Jamaludin et al./ Zulfaqar Int. J. Def. Sci. Eng. Tech. 2(2)(2019)

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Zulfaqar J. Def. Sci. Eng. Tech. Vol.2 Issue 2 (2019) 77-82

ZULFAQAR Journal of Defence Science, Engineering & Technology

Journal homepage: zulfaqar.upnm.edu.my

DEVELOPMENT OF WIRELESS SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR HAZE SMART GREENHOUSE

Nor Azliana Akmal Jamaludina,*, Mohd Nazri Ismaila, Megat Fariz Azril Zuhairia

a Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article history:

Received

22-12-2018

Received in revised

24-12-2019

Accepted

25-12-2019

Available online

Wireless Sensor Technologies (WST) is entering a new phase. Recent advances offer

vast opportunities for research and development. On top of that, this is the

consequence of the decreasing costs of ownership, the increase of smaller sensing

devices in engineering and the achievements in radio frequency technology and

digital circuits. The aim of this research was to combine the Wireless Sensor

Network with ZigBee technology. It is expected to develop Haze Smart Greenhouse

to control the temperature and humidity via remote automation. In addition, a GUI

interface will be built to ease in controlling and managing the prototype through

computer via wired and wireless technology. This Haze Smart Greenhouse prototype

will be proposed to be developed and tested with operational via remote

automation.

© 2019 UPNM Press. All rights reserved.

31-12-2019

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Technologies (WST), Haze Smart Greenhouse

e-ISSN: 2773-5281Type: Article

Introduction

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wide field in Engineering Technology that has affected significant research interest. The application domains of WSN are diverse in many network areas (Patil, Gawade & Divekar, 2016).

In the traditional greenhouse, the function is to monitor the plants to grow. Farmers need to monitor temperature, humidity and climate to ensure that the plants grow well. Probably, the greenhouse owner uses the lame system to monitor it. In order to have the best system for greenhouse monitoring, Wireless Sensor Network based on ZigBee application is expected to be used in this study. Traditional greenhouse operations are labor intensive (Phyo, Tunand & Tun, 2015). As such, Greenhouses must be monitored continuously and adjusted for changing environmental conditions and they require devices that can control the greenhouse system automatically.


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Literature Review This technology using ZigBee approach has a high potential for controlling greenhouse appliances. The first application of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in a greenhouse was reported in the year 2003, with a monitoring and control system that was using Bluetooth (He, Wang & Sun, 2010; Bao, 2011). Since that year, several applications have been developed and applied using ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 in greenhouse. Lea-Cox developed a WSN system in a greenhouse that integrates a variety of sensors which can measure substrate water, temperature, electrical conductivity, daily photosynthetic radiation and lighting intensity in real-time (Gao, Jia, Zhang & Li, 2012; Li et al., 2009; Lea-Cox & Belayneh, 2012). Benefits included improved plant growth, more efficient water and lighting applications and a reduction in disease problems related to overwatering (Lea-Cox, 2014; Lea-Cox & Belayneh, 2012).

Function of temperature sensor devices is to monitor greenhouse humidity. According to Wang et. al. (2011), by using a temperature sensor, it will gather data concerning the temperature from a source and converts it to a form that can be understood to other devices (Gao et al., 2012).

According to Song (2010), Bao et al. (2011) and Zacepins et al. (2011), temperature sensors come in many different forms and are used for a wide variety of purpose, from simple home use to extremely accurate and precise scientific use. They play a very important role in daily activity such as to know the temperature outside that helps people to take their clothes and helps chemists from a previous study relate to Wireless Sensor Network. Study on Previous WSN Technology This study is focused on smart greenhouse agriculture development to reduce the use of traditional approach. The temperature and humidity sensor will be used in this study. Table 1 shows the results of technology used in different application that has been applied to commercial industry. In this study, hardware devices that will be expected to be used such as MW XBee Chip Antenna, XBee Usb Adapter, Relay Module, Sht 11 temperature and humidity sensor, XBee Starter Kit without module, Microcontroller PIC16F877A, Fan, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Sensor, LCD Display and LED.

Table 1: Study on Previous WSN Technology (adopted from Al Rasyid et al., 2015)

Model Sensor Wireless

Transmission Environment Microcontroller

Hardware (Gateway)

Backup Service

Yang (2012) CO2 GPRS Outdoor ARM Cortex-M3 No Gateway No Sivaraman

(2013) CO2, NO2, O3 GPRS Outdoor NA No Gateway No

Peng (2013) Temperature,

Humidity ZigBee Indoor

Arduino Atmel 8-bit AVR

Arduino Atmel 8-bit

AVR No

Kadri (2013)

O3, CO, NO2, H2S GPRS/3G Outdoor ATmega2560 No Gateway No

Jelicic (2011)

Metal Oxide Semiconductor

(MOS), Pyroelectric

InfraRed (PIR)

ZigBee Indoor Jennic JN5148 No Gateway No

Dian (2012) CO2 WLAN Indoor NA No Gateway No Proposed

Model CO, CO2 ZigBee Outdoor ATmega1281 Meshlium Yes

Whilst, the development requires using software that not limited to such as Proteus Design Suite, X-

CTU and Visual Basic (VB) software. Proteus is a software for microprocessor simulation, schematic capture, and printed circuit board (PCB) design. X-CTU is a Windows-based application provided by Digi. This program was designed to interact with the firmware files found on Digi`s RF products and to provide a simple-to-use graphical user interface in the system. In this study, X-CTU will be used to configure the


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XBee module between receiver and transmitter. Furthermore, Visual Basic (VB) programming will be used to visualize an interface or GUI to display an output and control the greenhouse devices.

It is important to understand the requirement and functionality of the greenhouse and the wireless

sensor to monitor the growth of plants before this study can process to the development and implementation plan. Description of Methodology In this research work, a system prototype was designed of a wireless sensor network which can simply monitor’s the flow rate of air pollution in a real time, calculates the amount being lifted and remotely send the data to a database server to a distance control center or base station which can be easily access in order to get the detail records of the oil lifted for a period of time (Xiang, 2013). In this paper, our main focus is to provide the software development life cycle involved in the designed and implementation processes of the system prototype designed using iterative incremental model.

Wireless Sensor Network is a sensor designed to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, vibration, pressure, light intensity, sound and motion at a certain location that can able to control the activity of the sensor. This technology is widely applied in environmental monitoring and agriculture, like in the greenhouse. A greenhouse is a building where plants are grown. Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables, fruits and tobacco plant. Wireless sensors were applied in the greenhouse so that the greenhouse temperature, humidity and light intensity are constantly monitored for the plant to grow well. In this project, Arduino will be used as a wireless device that will send data which are collected from the sensors in the greenhouse to the receiver at other places.

The data that has been read and generated will be displayed on the LCD. It is easier for the greenhouse workers to monitor the greenhouse. In addition, the GUI interface is built to make the application friendlier and can be easily monitored remotely.

Fig. 1: The architecture of the prototype

The Development of Wireless Sensor Technologies for Haze Smart Greenhouse The development for this project require an Arduino Yùn, 3 sensors, a TP-Link network and a micro SD card for the storage. Featuring an industry-standard interface, the SIM900 delivers GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a small form factor and with low power consumption. With a tiny configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm, SIM900 can fit almost all the space requirements in M2M application, especially for slim and compact demand of design.

SIM900 is designed with a very powerful single-chip processor integrating AMR926EJ-S core Quad - band GSM/GPRS module with a size of 24mmx24mmx3mm SMT type suit for customer application An embedded Powerful TCP/IP protocol stack Based upon mature and field-proven platform, backed up by our support service, from definition

to design and production


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Fig. 2: The architecture of required Arduino for the prototype Conclusion The wireless solution for the greenhouse monitoring and control system is expected to use Arduino technology. With the capabilities of self-organizing, self-configuring, self-diagnosing and self-healing, the Arduino based monitoring and control system will provide nearly unlimited installation flexibility to increase network robustness and considerably reduce costs. Prominently, Zigbee is a wireless technology for making a network system. This expert system is expected to be the primary device to help in the activation of the system by collecting data in the form of memory. The router comes as a secondary device to perform the function by sending information to the destination. The system will be running in the modern greenhouse to prove its accessibilities and reliabilities in identifying the suitable solution for the greenhouse monitoring and control. As a wireless communication system, Zigbee technology helps to monitor activities such as manipulating the greenhouse computing and monitoring the performance of the plant growth.

For future work, smart greenhouse computing will be developed using an SMS approach or an alerting system to react the results to the administrator. This mechanism will produce a more effective and efficient greenhouse computing. Future work and the elements to be considered on smart greenhouse computing are as follows: a) watering system that can react simultaneously with the appliances including database management for monitoring the greenhouse; b) android technology devices shall be used to simplify the programme.


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Acknowledgement This research was supported by Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) in Geran Jangka Pendek. We are thankful to UPNM for the contribution. References Al Rasyid, M. U. H., Nadhori, I. U., Sudarsono, A., & Alnovinda, Y. T. (2016). Pollution Monitoring System

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zulfaqar j. def. sci. eng. tech. vol.2 issue 2 (2019) 77-82

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