yog sandesh september-09-( hindi )

8/14/2019 Yog Sandesh September-09-( Hindi )

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` ;ksx lans'k&fgUnh;ksx lans'k&fgUnh;ksx lans'k&fgUnh;ksx lans'k&fgUnh;ksx lans'k&fgUnh ` 1


2/60

` ;ksx lans'k&fgUnh;ksx lans'k&fgUnh;ksx lans'k&fgUnh;ksx lans'k&fgUnh;ksx lans'k&fgUnh` 2


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o"kZ % 7] vad % 1] flrEcj 2009

lEikndvkpk;Zcky".klg&lEiknd

MkW- jktsUnz fo|kyadkjt;'kadj feJ

lnL;rk 'kqYd,d izfr -------- 15@&ok"kd -------- 150@&ikp o"khZ; -------- 700@&X;kjg o"khZ; -------- 1500@&fons'k esa(okf"kZd) -------- 800@&

lnL;rk 'kqYd Hkstus gsrq

dk;kZy;

iratfy ;ksxihBegf"kZn;kuUn xzke] fnYyh&gfj}kj jk"Vh; jktekxZ]fudV cgknjkckn] gfj}kj & 249402 (mkjkapy)

iQksu% 01334&240008] 244107] 246737iSQDl % 01334&244805] 240664

E-mail : [email protected]

Visit us at : www.divyayoga.com

izdk'ku ,oe~forj.k dk;kZy;

Mk;e.M dkWfeDl izdk'ku

Mh- lh- eSXkhUl,&22] lsDVj&63] uks,Mk&201309iatkch iqLrd HkaMkj

257] njhck dyka] fnYyh&110006iQksu % 0120&4238012laidZ djsa%& xqy'ku jk;

E-mail :

[email protected]

Fax % 0120&4238010

m|e% lkgla /S;cqf% 'kfDr% ijke%A "kMsrs ;=k orZUrs r=k nso lgk;r~AA lEikndh; 4

vkidh vuqHkwfr 6vukukl % xq.k/eZ ,oa ykHk 7

tjk& lkspsafLye Vhe gksus ls igys 9

vkgkj ds peRdkj ls vlk; jksxksadk mipkj 11

;ksx vkSj vkgkj ls ikS:"k jgs larqfyr 15

;knnk'r c


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dsUnzh; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj jkT; ea=kh xq:nkldker us dgk fd ;ksxf"k Lokeh jkenso ds ekxZn'kZu esa;ksxiwjh nqfu;k esa izfr"Bkfir gks x;k gSA blls Hkkjr dk eku iwjsfo'o esac


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ds :i esaHkkjr ds lHkh ljksdkj vkt iwT; Lokeh th egkjkt,oa mu }kjk iz.khr vkUnksyu Hkkjr LokfHkeku ds ljksdkj cux, gSa A ;ksxlUns'k* dks xoZgS fd og Hkkjr ds uofuekZ.k dhbl ;k=kk esagj iM+ko dk lk{kh jgk gS A bu vkUnksyuksadks kfUrcurs mlus ns[kk gS vkSj bl ;ksx kfUr dks vc lexz jk"Vh;kfUr curs Hkh ;g if=kdk ns[k jgh gS A gesafo'okl gS fd

ikBdksads lEcy ls ^;ksxlUns'k* viuh Hkwfedk dks bl o"kZvkSjO;kid iQyd iznku djus esadke;kc jgsxk A

lekt esa dqizo`fk;ksa dk 'keu gks rFkk izR;sd O;fDr /eZ]vFkZ] dke] eks{k dh izkfIr ds fy;s lnk ;Ruoku~ jgs ,rnFkZeuhf"k;ks a us Hkkjrh; laLd`fr es a vusd ioks ,oaR;ksgkjka s dklekos'k fd;k gS A fot;kn'keh bUghaesa ls ,d gSA vkf'ou'kqDyk n'keh dks fot;kn'keh dk ;g ioZlEiw.kZ Hkkjro"kZesaeuk;k tkrk gS A ;g ioZvklqjh&izo`fk;ksaij nSoh'kfDr dh thrds :i esavk;ksftr gksrk gSA

vkb;s! bl ckj okLrfod fot;kn'keh euk;sa A vius jk"Vlfgr lEiw.kZ fo'o ls jk{klh izo`fr;ksads fouk'k dk ladYi ysaAiwT; ;ksxf"k Lokeh jkenso th egkjkt e;kZnk iq#"kkske Jh jkedk vuqxeu djrs gq, vius fofHkUu dk;Zeksao izdYiksa dsek;e ls fo'o esa f"k;ksadh nSoh laLdfr izlkfjr djus esa

layXu gSaA Lokeh th vius vfHk;ku ls leLr fo'o dks Hkkjrdh fo'ookjk* laLd`fr dk rjy&ljy o vkg~ykndkjh laLi'kZnsuk pkgrs gaSA os fo'o dk usr`Ro djus ds fy, Hkkjr dks rS;kjdjuk pkgrs gSaA buds }kjk iz.khr ^Hkkjr LokfHkeku* vkUnksyublh dh cqfu;kn gS A Hk;] Hkw[k] Hkze] Hkz"Vkpkj vkfn dk [kkRekfd, fcuk uoHkkjr dk fuekZ.k ugha gksxk A blds fy, Hkkjr dh

jhfr&uhfr esaifjorZu djuk gksxk] ;FkkfLFkfrokn dh ekufldrkcnyuh gksxh A blds fy, vko';d dk;Z;kstuk dk izk#i;ksxf"k vkSj ;qxf"k Lokeh jkenso th egkjkt us vfXui=k*uked 'kh"kZd ls izdkf'kr Hkkjr LokfHkeku* ds vkg~oku&i=k esaizLrqr fd;k gS A LoPN&LoLFk&le` vkSj ltx Hkkjr dkfuekZ.k fdlh ,d O;fDr dk nkf;Ro ugha gS A vkb, ! bl ckjn'kgjk ds ekSds ij jko.k dk ngu djus ls iwoZladYic gksdjHkkjr LokfHkeku ds ^vfXui=k* dk ikjk;.k djsa vkSjLoPN&LoLFk&le` vkSj ltx Hkkjr ds LoIu dks lkdkj djusds fy, viuh Hkwfedk dk fu.kZ; djsaA blh esa fot;kn'keh dh

lkFkZdrk gSA vki lHkh dks fot;kn'keh dh c/kbA

vki J)s; Lokeh Jh jkenso th egkjkt ds ;ksx] vk;qosZn ,oa vkjksX; ijvki J)s; Lokeh Jh jkenso th egkjkt ds ;ksx] vk;qosZn ,oa vkjksX; ijvki J)s; Lokeh Jh jkenso th egkjkt ds ;ksx] vk;qosZn ,oa vkjksX; ijvki J)s; Lokeh Jh jkenso th egkjkt ds ;ksx] vk;qosZn ,oa vkjksX; ijvki J)s; Lokeh Jh jkenso th egkjkt ds ;ksx] vk;qosZn ,oa vkjksX; ijvkkkfjr fo'ks"k dk;Ze ns[kdj Lo;a vkjksX; ykHk mBk;sa ,oa nwljksa dks sfjrvkkkfjr fo'ks"k dk;Ze ns[kdj Lo;a vkjksX; ykHk mBk;sa ,oa nwljksa dks sfjrvkkkfjr fo'ks"k dk;Ze ns[kdj Lo;a vkjksX; ykHk mBk;sa ,oa nwljksa dks sfjrvkkkfjr fo'ks"k dk;Ze ns[kdj Lo;a vkjksX; ykHk mBk;sa ,oa nwljksa dks sfjrvkkkfjr fo'ks"k dk;Ze ns[kdj Lo;a vkjksX; ykHk mBk;sa ,oa nwljks a dks sfjr

dj LoLFk lekt dk l`tu djsaA dj LoLFk lekt dk l`tu djsaA dj LoLFk lekt dk l`tu djsaA dj LoLFk lekt dk l`tu djsaA dj LoLFk lekt dk l`tu djsaAvkLFkk pSuy % izkr% 5-00 ls 7-30 cts rd(jk"Vh;) lka ; 8-00 ls 9-00 cts rdvkLFkk Hktu % izkr% 8-00 ls 8-30 cts rd

lka; 7-30 ls 8-00 cts rdVhoh 1 % izkr% 7-00 ls 8-00 cts rdVhoh 9 % lka ; 5-30 ls 6-00 cts rdbafM;k Vh-oh- % izkr% 6-30 ls 7-00 cts rd(;ksx foKku) vijkg~ u 1-30 ls 2-00 cts rd

lgkjk le; % izkr% 5-30 ls 6-00 cts rd(jkeck.k)lgkjk jhtuy % izkr% 5-30 ls 6-00 cts rd(jkeck.k)lgkjk&1 % izkr% 6-30 ls 7-00 cts rdth Vhoh fgUnh % izkr% 4-00 ls 5-00 cts rdth ejkBh % izkr% 5-30 ls 6-30 cts rdth caxyk % izkr% 8-00 ls 9-00 cts rd

fo'k s"k&lwpukfo'k s"k&lwpukfo'k s"k&lwpukfo'k s"k&lwpukfo'k s"k&lwpuk

th rfey % izkr% 5-00 ls 6-00 cts rdth rsyqxq % izkr% 5-00 ls 6-00 cts rdth iatkch % izkr% 8-00 ls 8-30 cts rdth Dykfld % izkr% 5-00 ls 6-00 cts rdth izhfe;j % izkr% 5-00 ls 6-00 cts rdth U;wt % izkr% 5-00 ls 6-00 cts rdvarjkZ"Vh;vkLFkk pSuy % izkr% 5-00 ls 7-30 cts rd

lka; 7-00 ls 8-00 cts rdth Vhoh fe-bZLV % izkr% 6-30 ls 7-30 cts rdth Vhoh n-vhdk % izkr% 5-00 ls 6-00 cts rdth Vhoh ;w-ds- % izkr% 5-00 ls 6-00 cts rdth Vhoh ;w-,l- % izkr% 7-00 ls 7-30 cts rd

izkr% 10-00 ls 10-30 cts rdth Vhoh % izkr% 6-00 ls 7-00 cts rd,f'k;k isflfiQd jhtu


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;ksx&izk.kk;ke ls Mk;fcVhtBhd] eksVkik ?kVk] thou lq[knije iwT; Lokehth egkjkt]

lknj pj.k Li'kZALokehth! esjk uke mfeZyk flaxyk gSA

esjh vk;q 38 o"kZ gSA eSafiNys 10 o"kksls Mk;fcfVt (e/qesg) ls ihfM+r FkhAbUlqfyu 26&28 rd ysrh FkhA

vaxzsth nokvksadk Hkh iz;ksx djrh Fkhftlls /hjs&/hjs es jk otu c dc rd >syikxhA vkLFkk pSuy ij vkidk dk;Ze ns[kdj eSus fu'p; fd;k fd eS a;ksx&izk.kk;ke d#axh rFkk LoLFk gksaxhA

;ksx&iz k.kk;ke djus ls eq>s vPNkyxk vkS j eSavius vanj Liw QfrZ eglwldjus yxhA dqN fnuksackn eSa ^iratfy;ksxihB* gfj}kj vk;hA iratfy ;ksxihBesaiapdeZ}kjk eSusamipkj djk;kA blls

eq>s dkiQh vkjke feykAeksVkik vkSj Mk;fcVht ds fy, eSauasiratfy ;ksxihB esa;ksxkpk;Zdfiy #iqjdjds funsZ'ku esaaLis'ky Dykl esa izk.kk;ke rFkk vkluksa dk vH;kl djus yxhA dikyHkkfr] ck izk.kk;ke] vfXulkj]eaMwdvklu] 'k'kdklu] dwekZlu] oklu]vZeRL;sUnzklu rFkk Hkqtaxklu dk fu;fer

euks;ksx ls vH;kl djus yxh] bldsifj.kkeLo:i 15 fnuksaes a esjk bUlqfyuNwV x;k rFkk esjs otu esa Hkh vk'kkrhr

ifjorZu gks x;kA eSa rks vk'p;Zpfdr gksx;h fd yxHkx N% eghus ls gh eSa ;ksxdh 'kj.k esa vk;h FkhA brus le; esaghesjh bUlqfyu NwV x;h rFkk vaxzsth nokvksadk Hkh eSus ifjR;kx dj fn;kA c


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dqyuke % BromeliaceaeySfVu uke % Ananas Comous Merr.vaxzszsth uke % Pine Apple

fgUnh % vukukl] dVgy liQjhxqtjkrh % vUukl] vUukla~ejkBh % rqylk] dkyk rqylhcaxkyh % vukuk'kifjp; %

vukukl czkthy dk vkfnoklh ikS/k gS] ijUrqvktdy iwjsHkkjro"kZesabldh [ks rh] fo'ks "kr% caxky] vklke rFkk if'peh

leqnz rVorhZizns'kksaesavf/d dh tkrh gSAcz kLo:i %

vukukl ds f}o"kkZ;q 2 iqQV rd ps 'kkdh; ikSks] ns[kus esadsoM+s ;k ?krdqekjh ds tSls yxrs gSaA ikS/s ds e; Hkkx ls NksVk

dkaM fudyrk gS ] ftlds ewy esapkjksavksj i=k iqat gksrk gSA ifk;ka1&2 iq QV yEch] iryh] etcw r js'ks nkj vkS j fdukjs ij NksVsrh{.kkxz daVd gksrs gSaA ikS/s ds chp esals 'kaDokdkj] iq"i O;wggksrk gS] ftlesa'kYdi=k izpqjrk ls gksrs gaS] ;g iq"i lewg gh ofdks izkIr dj ekaly iQy ds :i esaifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA ;gidus ij ukjaxh ds leku ihro.kZdk gks tkrk gS] rFkk bl ijvusd NksVs&NksVs daVde; i=k gksrs gSA ftUgsaN=kd dgrs gSA

jklk;fud la?kVu %blesaczkesfyu (Bromelin) uked rRo 0-008 feyhxzke esa

100 xzke ik;k tkrk gS] tks gktek c


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ykHk gksrk gSAvth.kZ %1- ids iQy ds ckjhd VqdMs dj lSakkued vkSj dkyh fepZfeykdj [kkus lsvth.kZnwj gksrk gSA

2- ids iQy ds 100 xzke jl es a 1&2 ux nk[k vkSj 125 feyhxzke lSakk ued feykdj [kkus ls vth.kZ nwjgksrk gSA

3- Hkkstu ds ckn ;fn isV iwQy tk;s] cspSuhgks rks vukukl ds 20&50 xzke jl dslsou ls ykHk gksrk gSA

4- vukukl vkSj [ktwj ds VqdM+s cjkcj&cjkcjmlesa ?kh vkS j 'kgn (fo"ke ek=kk esa)feykdj dkap ds cjru esaHkjdj j[ksabls fuR; 6 xzke ;k 12 xzke dh ek=kk esa

[kkus ls cgqew=k jksx nwj gksrk gS vkSj 'kfDrc


9/60


&fou; dqekjh flag

'kks/ ifj.kkeksa ls vkt ;g ckr fl gkspqdh gS fd ns'k dh dqy tula[;k esals ikap izfr'kr

yM+fd;kavkt ,uksjsZfDl;k ukjlksok uke ds vkkqfud jksxls ihfM+Rk gSaA vkt vusd ekrk,aviuh iqf=k;ksa dh [kkuk u [kkus

dh vknr ls ijs'kku gSaA yM+fd;ksa dh bl leL;k dks ^,uksjsZfDl;kukjlksok* uke dh chekjh ds :i esatkuk tkrk gSA ,uksjsZfDl;kukjlksok jksx vkt dh yM+fd;ksa esa Nwr ds jksx dh rjg iQSyrkgh pyk tk jgk gS A chrs dqN lkyksaesarhu ls pkj xquk rd bljks x dh cs vktdy yM+fd;ka vkSj

efgykvksaesaotu de djus dh pkgr tquwu dk :i ys pqdhgSA ;g lgh gS fd otu dh vf/drk vusd chekfj;ksadks U;kSrkns Mkyrh gS] ij fcuk fdlh ;ksxkpk;Z] MkWDVj o oS| dh lykgds fcuk fLye fVe gksus dh pkgr eu esa iky ysus ls jksxh cuusesatjk lh Hkh nsj ughayxrh gSA

dbZ yM+fd;kavkSj efgyk;safcuk fdlh vkgkj fo'ks"kK dhlykg fy, viuk otu de djus ds mn~ns'; ls ;k rks Hkkstudjuk de dj nsrh gSa ;k fiQj dbZ&dbZle; rd Hkkstu ughadjrh gSaA,slk djuk cgqr gh xyr gS] D;ksafd ,slk djus ls ykHkdh txg gkfu gh gksrh gSA iryh o Njgjh gksus dh pkg esagh

vkt dh ;qofr;kaC;wVh ikyZj dh 'kj.k Hkh [kwc ys jgha gSaA ,slh;qofr;ka bl ckr dks ughatkurh fd dsoy ikuh vkSj lykn dslsou ls iryh] Njgjh vkSj deuh; dk;k dks ughaik;k tkldrk gSA

dSlh vthc ckr gS fd tks yM+fd;ka lksyg lky dh vk;qrd iQkWLV iQwM [kk&[kkdj vius otu esaeupkgh c


10/60


Bwal Hkh nsrs gSa rks mls og iQkSju myV fn;k djrh gSaA blh dksgh ,uksjsZfDl;kukjlksok dgrs gSaA

yksx bl chekjh dks chekjh u ekudj bls vknr esa 'kqekjdj bldk dksbZ Hkh t:jh mipkj ugha djkrs gS aA ,uksjSfDl;kukjlksok uke dh chekjh lkbdkslksesfVd dh Js.kh esavkrh gSAtc yM+fd;ksaesabl jksx dh iSB T;knk gks tkrh gS rc jksfx.khyM+dh pkgdj Hkh [kkuk ugha[kk ikrh gSA bldh otg ;g gksrhgS fd mls [kkus ls ,d rjg dh r".kk gks tk;k djrh gSA [kkus dh xa/ ek=k ls gh mls mcdkbZ lh vkus yxrh gSA ,slhyM+fd;ksadk lks'ky&lfdZy ,d rjg ls fleV lk tk;k djrkgSA os fpM+fpM+h lh gks tk;k djrh gSaa] vkSj gj oDr cl ;ghlksprh jgrh gSa fd dghamuds Hkkj esaof u gks tk;sA yksx,slh yM+fd;ksadks ludh le>us yxrs gSaaA dbZ yM+fd;ka rksfLYke fVe gksus dh pkg esaludh lh gks tk;k djrh gSaA

y{k.k%

bl jksx esa ihfM+r yM+dh [kkuiku esa cgqr T;knk dVkSrh djnsrh gS vkSj og gj [kkuiku esaehu es[k dh gn rd dSykSjhdh ek=kk ij utj j[kus yxrh gSA

vxj dHkh Hkw y ls bl jks x ls ihfM+r yM+dh dqN gkbZdSyksjh okyk Hkkstu dj ysrh gS rks og bl ckjs esacgqr nsjrd ruko ls f?kjh jgrh gSA

tqykc (ySDlsfVo) ysuk jksfx.kh dh vknr esa'kqekj gks tk;kdjrk gSA

,uksjSfDl;k jksx dh tdM+ esa jksfx.kh yM+dh dk otu ?kVusyxrk gSA ftlls mlds LokLF; es a rhozrk ls fxjkoV vkusyxrh gSA

de vk;qoxZesagh bl jksx ls ihfM+r yM+dh vkWfLV;ksiksjksflljksx dh tdM+ esaHkh vk tk;k djrh gSA

bl jksx ls xzflr efgyk dh tuu {kerk ij Hkh izfrdwyizHkko IkM+rk gS ftlls mlds cPpk iSnk djus dh {kerk esaHkh deh vk tk;k djrh gSA

jksfx.kh ds 'kjhj esaiQkWLiQksjl vkSj dSfY'k;e dh deh gkstkrh gS] ftlls mldk ekfld p xM+cM+k tkrk gSA

dbZ ekeyksaesa yM+fd;ksadks mPp jDrpki dh leL;k Hkhlrkus yxrh gSA

lnhZ ds ekSle es a jksfx.kh yM+dh dks vusd ijs'kkfu;ka s dklkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA

jksfx.kh yM+dh vkSj efgyk dh ihB ds cky vpkud c


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&MkW- ukxsU dqekj uhjt

v ylh es a ikfefVd] fefjLVd] vk sysbd fyuk sfyd] fyuksysfud rFkk vkblksfyuksysfud iQSVh ,flM ik;k tkrk gSA

vylh (ysDl lhM ;k ysuflM) es a mifLFkr vYiQkfyuk sfyd ,flM dkvksesxk 3 iQSVh ,flM rFkk fyuk sysfud ,flM dks vkse sxk 6 iQSVh ,flM dgrs gS aA

izfrfnu 10 ls 20 xzke filh gqb Z vylh ysus ls dCt rFkk cq


12/60


vylh

pqdUnj

ngh

VekVjvkoyk

esFkhewx

elwjlsc

dks {kfrxzLr gk sus ls cpkrs gS aA [k wu rFkk isV dh liQkbZ djus ls ,u-lh-ih- (uu LVkpZ ik WyhlsdjkbM~l) dsvUrxZr vuktk s a ds iQkbclZ lsY;qyk st] dqN [kkl izdkj

ds gsfelsY;qyk st] fyfuu rFkk fyxfuUl vkfn ty es av?k qyu'khy gk srs gS aA ;s isV dh isfjLVkyfVd dks fu;fer

,oa fu;af=kr djrs gS a] dCt dks nwj djrs gS a] fny dh

chekjh] e/qesg rFkk dS aljkfn ls j{kk djrs gS aA iQkbclZT;knk [kkus ls isV es a xSl curh gSA ty es a ?k qyu'khy iQkbclZ e s a xEl] E; wflyst] dqN fo'k s " k i zdkj ds gsfelsY;qyk st] ekek s Zyk sflu] E;wflu rFkk isfDVu vkfnvkrk s a }kjk lk s[k fy, tkrs gS aA ;s jDr dksysLVk Wy dks de

djrs gS aA vkoyk] lsc rFkk dsys dk isfDVu] bZlcxk sy dk E;wflu rFkk csy dk ekes Zyk sflu vkfn ,u-lh-ih- 'kjhj ds tyLrj dks fu;fer ,oa fu;af=kr djrs gS aAdksf'kdkvks a rFkk rdks a dks lrr ikuh feyrk jgs] bldh O;oLFkk djrs gS a rFkk 'kjhj esa dqN iks"kd roks a ds

vo'kk s"k.k es a ck/k Mkyrs gS a ftlls dqN jk sxk s a (e/qesg rFkk ek sVkikfn esVkck Wfyd fMlvk WM Zj) es a ykHk rFkkdqik s"k.ktU; dqN chekfj;k s a es a gkfu gk srh gSA

nkyk s a ds js'kk s a es a mifLFkr xSysDVk se susl 'kdZjk ds Rofjr vo'kk s"k.k dks ckf/r dj jDr es a 'kdZjk dkskhjs&khjs eqDr djrk gS] ifj.kkeLo:i e/qesg jksx fu;a f=kr

gksrk gSA nkyks a es a mifLFkr ,d vU; izdkj dk dkcks ZgkbMsVvYiQk bekbysl bUghfoVj vkWfyxk s lSdjkbM ik;k tkrk

gS tks ikpd ,Utkbe ds lkFk feydj dkcks ZgkbMsV dsikpu ,oa vo'kk s"k.k es a ck/k Mkyrk gS] ftlls jDr'kdZjkfu;af=kr gk srh gSA e/qesg ds jk sfx;k s a ds fy, fNyds lesrnkyk s a ds O;atu rFkk vadqfjr ew xiQyh] esFkh] ew x] ek sB] elwj] eVj pukfn nkyks a ds vadqj.k vkS"kf/ dk dkedjrs gS aA bu vuktks a es a mifLFkr ik Wyh lSdjkbM~l Vjihu, 5 LVhjk W;M izk sVhu vkfn bUlqfyu ds ko dks c


13/60


vylh

pqdUnj

ngh

VekVjvkoyk

esFkhewx

elwjlsc

jl dks ^xzhu CyM* Hkh dgk tkrkgSA izkf.k;k s a ds yky jDr rFkk Tokj sds gjk jDr dh jklk;fud lajpuk esa ek=k U;wfDy;l dkgh vUrj gSA Tokj s ds gjk jDr dk U;wfDy;l eSXusf'k;egk sus ls gjk rFkk ghek sXyk sfcu dk U;wfDy;l yksgk gk sus ls [kwu yky gks srk gSA tkS a ds ?kkl ds jl dh efgek dks;ku es a j[krs gq, bls xzhu eSXek Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

Tokjs ds jl esa ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk ^U;wfV'kuy xzk sFkiQSDVj* ik;k tkrk gS tks 'kkjhfjd] ekufld rFkk ckSfdfodkl ds fy, vR;Ur vko';d gSA 6 ekg dh mez ds ckn f'k'k qvk s a dks ,d&nks pEep Tokjs dk jl nsus ls mudk pgqeq[kh fodkl gksrk gSA

Tokj s ds jl ds iz;k sx ls jk sx ,oa jk sxk.k qvk s a ls yM+usokyh jksx izfrjks/d {kerk dk vf}rh; fodkl gksrk gSA Tokj s ds jl ls fiVwVjh xz afFk (,.Vsfj;j yksc) dhlf;rk c


14/60


vylh

pqdUnj

ngh

VekVjvkoyk

esFkhewx

elwjlsc

ds fuek Z.k ,oa mlds izy;dkjhdSalj ds izHkko dks [kRe dj nsrk

gSA Tokjs ds jl dk vkblksysoksuk sbM pje 'kfDr'kkyh,.Vh iQaxy] ,.Vh ,ftax] ,.Vh dS alj] ,.Vh ,p-vkbZ-oh- rFkk ,.Vh VkWDlhflVh] ,.Vh bUykesVjh] ,.Vh ,ythZrFkk ,.Vh ok;jy gk srk gSA Tokj s ds jl es a izk sVhu SD'ku ih&4 Mh&1 th&1 ik;s tkrs gS aA ;s nksuk s a gh XykbdksizksVhu gS a rFkk vf/dre rkieku ij Hkh u"V ugha gk srs gS a A;g 'kfDr'kkyh lwtuuk'kd gk srs gS aA tk S a ds ?kkl dk jl dS alj] vXuk'k; dk lwtu] ,Dthek] ,aFk zk sLdysjk sfll]

gkbij dksysLVjkWysfe;k rFkk FkSysflfe;k tSls vusd vlk; jk sxk s a dks Bhd djrk gSA tk S a ds ?kkl dk jl tSodhVk.kquk'kh (ck;ksisLVhlkbM~l) dk dk;Z djrk gSA tkS ads ?kkl ds jl es a mifLFkr SD'ku ih&4 Mh&1 xSfLVdrFkk isfIVd vYlj esa izHkkoh gksrk gSA

okLro es a vkWDlhtu ds vHkko es a thou dh dYiukvlaHko gSA vkWDlhtu thou ,oa izk.k tkZ gSA dHkh&dHkh

[kkl izdkj ds vkWDlhtu ds v.kq esVkckWfyTe ds nkSjkutSo jklk;fud izfrf;k djds dqN ,sls tgjhys jlk;ulqij vkWDlkbM] gkbMk stu isjk sDlkbM] gkbMk sDyk sjl ,flMrFkk gkbMk sfDly jsfVdy cukrs gS aA ty ds esVk WckfyLe ls gkbMk sfDly jsfMdy curk gSA rys&Hkwus vulspqjsVsMfyfiM ls ykbik s;wfeu uked fixesUV curk gSA ;s lHkh h&jsfMdy gksrs gS aA

/weziku] lw;Z dh fdj.k s a] vf/d Je] vf/d ,Dl&js]dhVuk'kh nok,] vk.kfod fofdj.k] ruko ,oa udkjkRedlksp ls 'kjhj esa XywdksVdksbM~l rFkk dSVdksykfeUl ds mRiUu gksus] ksfe;e] fudsy] ejdjh] dSMfe;e rFkkysM vkfn /kfRod fo"kkDrrk] tgjhys jlk;uk s a ds lEidZesa] rys&Hkqus] iQkLV iQwM] tad iQwM] fMCck cUn vkgkj]fLVd ekxZfju rFkk uedhu vkfn vkgkj ls 'kjhj esa h

jsfMdy dk ysoy c


15/60


&izksiQslj (MkW-) johU ukFk feJ

Hkkstu ls 'kjhj dk LokHkkfod :i ls iks"k.k gksrk gSysfdu blds fy, 'krZ;g gS fd vkidk Hkkstu larqfyr] lknkrFkk ikSf"Vd gksA xfj"B] vR;fkd ryk gqvk vkSj nsj ls gtegksus okyk Hkkstu gsYFk ds fy, u rks vPNk gksrk gS vkSj u ghblls fiQVusl gh cuh jg ikrh gSA 'kkjhfjd fiQVusl ds vHkkoesa 'kjhj dbZ jksxksa dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gS] ftlesals ,d ;kSunqcZyrk Hkh gSA

Hkkstu vkS j oSKkfud ;ksxkluks a dh enn ls vki vkthouviuh ;kSu 'kfDr ikS#"k dks cuk;s j[k ldrs gSaA lcls igys ge ;kSfxd f;kvksa ds ckjs esa ckr djsaxs

D;ksafd ;kSu nqcZyrk LUkk;q jksx gSA Luk;q nqcZy gks tkrs gSa rks

ikpu Hkh [kjkc gks tkrk gS vkSj [kk;k ih;k 'kjhj dks yxrkugha gSA tuusfUnz; dks ifjpkyu djus okys Luk;q detksj gkstkrs gSaA ;kSu nqcZyrk dks Bhd djus ds fy, la;e t:jh gSAblds fy, lRlax djuk] fopkjksa dks lkfRod cukuk] ;kudjuk vko';d gSA

vki ;k sx ds fdlh tkudkjfpfdRld ls ;kSfxd lk/uk dk vH;kl djuk lh[ks aA ;kSunqcZyrk dks nwj djusds fy, tkuqf'kjklu]if'pekskkuklu] ;ksx eqnzklu] xksj{kklu]v Ze R L; s a n z k lu ]

lqIrotz klu] gykluij fo'ks "k ;ku nsusdh t:jr gSA ckn eas mkkuiknklu] 'k'kdklu] e.Mwdklu vkSjlokZaxklu dk Hkh vH;kl djuk izkjaHk dj nsaA blls Luk;qvkas dh

nqcZyrk nwj gksdj ikpu 'kfDr c


16/60


vkdqapu o izlkj.k djsaA ;g f;k gh vf'ouh eqnzk dgykrh gSAbldk vH;kl ysVdj] cSBdj ;k fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esadHkh Hkh (ij[kkyh isV jgs rc) dghaHkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA 20&25 ckj lsyxkdj 50&100 ckj rd djsaA

;kSfxd lk/uksads mijkar dqN ,sls ;kSu 'kfDrokZd vkgkjdk mYys[k ge ;gkadj jgs gSa] tks vkids jkstkuk ds HkksT;

inkFkksaZ ls gV dj gSaArqylh %15 xzke rqylh ds cht vkSj 30 xzke liQsn eqlyh ysdj

pw.kZ cuk,a] fiQj mles a 60 xzke feJh ihldj feyk nsaA vkSj'kh'kh esaHkjdj j[k nsaA 5 xzke dh ek=kk esa;g pw.kZlqcg&'kkexk; ds nw/ ds lkFk lsou djsablls ;kSu nqcZyrk nwj gksrh gSA

yglqu %200 xzke yglqu ihldj mlesa60 feyh0 'kgn feykdj

,d lkiQ&lqFkjh 'kh'kh esa Hkjdj


17/60


&oS| vt; exu

vDlj yksx fdlh oLrq dks j[kdj ;g Hkwy tk;k djrsgSa fd mUgksaus og oLrqdgka j[kh FkhA yk[k flj [kikus ij HkhmUgsa;g ;kn ugha vkrk gS fd mUgksaus ml OkLrqdks dgka ijj[kkA ;g lc ;knnk'r detksj gksus dh otg ls gksrk gSA ftuyksxksadh ;knnk'r detksj gksrh gS] mUgsan; jksx gksus dh T;knkvk'kadk jgrh gSA

detksj ;knnk'r okys fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ij vey djsa %ftu ckrksadks vki Hkwy tkrs gSa] mUgsa,d Mk;jh esa uksV djusdh vknr MkysaA

ftudh ;knnk'r detksj gksrh gS] mUgsaxqLlk cgqr vkr k gSA xqLlk LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd gS] blfy;s vius xqLlsij fu;a=k.k j[kuk lh[ksaA

tc Hkh cktkj esalkeku [kjhnus tk,a] rc cktkj ls [kjhnusokys lkeku dh fYkLV cukdj gh cktkj tk,aA lkeku[kjhndj ?kj ykSVus ij fYkLV ls [kjhns x;s lkeku dk feykuvo'; dj ysavkSj ;g lqfuf'pr dj ysafd dghadqN lkeku

NwVk rks ughagSA ,d ckj tc vkidks ,slk djus dh vknr iM+tk;sxh] rc vkidks ;g dke mckmQ ughayxsxkA

gYdk&IkQqYdk O;k;ke djus dh vknr MkysaAlksus ls iwoZjkr dks FkksM+h nsj ds fy, t:j VgysaA lksus lsigys dksbZKkuo/Zd iqLrd t:j i ys a fd blesaHkh vkidh dksbZ HkykbZfufgr gksxhA

TkM+h&cwfV;ksals Ck


18/60


&xksiky tkyku

dHkh&dHkh ,slk gksrk gS fd vkidslkeus [kM+k O;fDr vkils ckr djus ds fy,

eqag [kksyrk gS rks mlds eqag [kksyrs gh mldseqag ls cncwdk ,d rst HkHkdk fudy djvkidh lkalksals Vdjk dj vkidks ijs'kku

djds j[k nsrk gS A ,sls esavki cM+h gh fo"keifjfLFkfr esaiQaldj jg tkrs gSa] D;ksafd ,slsesavki lkeus [kM+s O;fDr dk ;ku u rksmlds eqag ls fudyus okyh cncwdh rjiQvkdf"kZr djk ikrs gSavkSj u gh mlds eqag

ls fudyus okyh mldh cncwnkj lkal dkslg gh ikrs gSaA

yksx bl ckjs esa;gh lksprs gSafd xfeZ;ksa

dk ekSle gksus dh otg ls lkalksaesacncwmRiUu gksus dh leL;k gksrh gS] ij ,slk gSughaA ekSle pkgs xehZdk gks ;k tkM+s dkgks] bl leL;k dk f'kdkj ge fdlh HkhekSle esagks ldrs gSaA

lkalksadh cncwds dbZdkj.k gks ldrsgSaA tSls& ikpu f;k esa[kjkch vkus dsdkj.k] nkarksaesalM+u iSnk gksus ds dkj.k] isVlaca/h fdlh xM+CkM+h ds dkj.k] eqag eas ;kelw


19/60


&MkW0 foiqy HkV~Viratfy ;ksxihB] gfj}kj

D;kcPps] D;k ;q ok] D;k o;Ld]D;k cw


20/60


fMaDl ihus okyksadks Hkh ;g jks x viuhfxjr esays ldrk gSA fljgks fll yhoj uke dh chekjh cgq r gh ?kkrd chekjhgksrh gSA

dks YM fMa Dl esa lkekU;r;k dksyk] ljy 'kdZ jk] ja x] iz frj{kd ja x vkSjlqxa/ feyk;s tkrs gSa] tcfd MkbVdksYM fMaDl dks 'kdZjk dh txg esa lshu ;k ,LikjesaV ds }kjk ehBkcuk;k tkrk gSA bu lHkh eas dksbZHkhiks"kd RkRo ughagksrk gS A blfy, lkkkj.kizdkj ds dksYM fMaDl ls dsoy mQtkZ(dSyks jh) gh feyrh gSA blds lsou

ls isV Hkj ysus ls 'kjhj esackdh iks"kdrRoksa dh deh gks tk;k djrh gSAdksYM fMaDl esaekStwn dSiQhu ls n;

dh lkekU; xfr esa o` f gks tk;kdjrh gS] tks fd Bhd ckr ughagSA

BaMs is;ksa ds ls ou ls efLr"d dksmRrstuk izkIr gksrh gS blfy, cM+h ghvklkuh ls yksx bldh yr yxk cSBrs

gSaA

dksYM fMaDl esatks ljy 'kdZjk ekStwngksrh gS] mldh otg ls nkarksaesalM+uiSnk gks ldrh gS vkSj nkarksaesaxM~kx ;k cqycqyksa esa iQkLiQksfjd ,flM vkSj dkcZu MkbvkDlkbM gksrk gSA bunksuksa dh otg ls vkek'k; eas lkekU; fufeZr gkbMksDyksjkbM ds lzko ij

xyr vlj iM+rk gSA Hkkstu ds ipuikpu esa xM+cM+h iSnk gksrh gS ] ftldhotg ls dqN le; ckn gh vipvkSj xSl dh otg ls isV iQwy tk;k

djrk gSA

vusd BaMs is; inkFkksaZesa,d dkWjeyjax gksrs gSa] ftudk vlj 'kjhj ij Bhdughagksrk gSA buds lsou ls xq.k lw=kksa

ij Hkh udkjkRed izHkko IkM+ rk gSftlds nq "ifj.kke ih


21/60


fudyh gS vkt ckgj fiQj gksdj ygw ls rj gok]

ftldh [kqyh gks f[kM+fd;k] oks ksifM+;ksa esa]ckck FkksM+h fgEer ns nks] bu Hkw[kh vkarfM+;ksa esaAdkfiQj yksxksa dh laln ls ;s t;?kks"k lqukbZ nsrk gS]gj cPpk iQqVikFkk s a ij csgk s'k fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA'ksjksa ls gkFk feykus dh xhnM+ esa tku ugha gksrh]dk;j dh lkk fnYyh dk LokfHkeku ugha gksrhAtc tqxuw dh nqe us lkjk fgUnqLrku tyk Mkyk]ml tqxuw dks ^vfXui=k* us gh rstkc fiyk MkykA

lEiw.kZfo'o ls gedks ;g t;?kks"k lqukbZ nsrk gSAckck rsjh lwjr esa gesa jke fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaAA

eSa ru esa oru le>us okyksa dh xkFkk;sa xkrk gw]ml ;ksxh dk thou xkdj eSa kU; gks tkrk gwAdkyh re dh jkrksa esa vkyksd fc[ksjk gS rqeus]olqUkjk ds pj.kk s a es a tks ;ksx dsjk gS rqeusA

fLol cS adk s a ls ge viuk iSlk okil yk;s ax s]vfXui=k dh ;ksx 'kfDr dks nqfu;k dks fn[kyk;saxsAdqN oru ijLrh ns'kk sgh jk sds ax s Hkh jkgk s a es a]ysfdu jc dh uo 'kfDr gS ckck rsjh ckgksa esaAlqIr iM+ s Hkkjr dksrqeus ^;ksx* ubZ 'kfDr ns nh]vius ikou pj.kksa dh rqeus gedks HkfDr ns nhA

n;kuUn dk liuk iwjk gksrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSAckck rsjh lwjr eas geas jke fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaAA

&f"knso 'kkL=kh


22/60


Mkd fVdV dk voyksdu djrs gq, Js; Lokeh jkenso

th egkjkt] dsUnzh; izkS|ksfxdh ,oalapkj jkT; ea=kh Jhxq#nkl dker ,oamkjk[k.M dh iksLVekLVj tujy oanuk

ik.Mqfyfi;ksadk izn'kZu djrs gq, Jh xq#nkl dker]

Jh jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad*] Jh f=kosUnz flag jkor]Jh enu dkSf'kd ,oa fof'k"Vtu

^thou n'kZu* iqLrd dk foekspu djrs gq, dsUnzh;izkS|ksfxdh ,oalapkj jkT; ea=kh] eq[;ea=kh mkjk[k.M ,oa

vkpk;Z cky".k th egkjkt

^gekjs jk"Vh; vkSj vk;kfRed vkn'kZ* ds dSysUMj dkfoekspu djrs gq, dsUnzh; lapkj jkT; ea=kh o eq[;ea=kh

>kj[k.M ljdkj ds lkFk ^;ksx f'k{kk* ij gq, lgefrizi=kks dk vknku&iznku

^tM+h&cwVh vkSj df"kdj.k ij mkjk[k.M ljdkj vkSjiratfy ;ksxihB ds e; lgefr izi=kks dkvknku&iznku djrs vkpk;Z Jh ,oadf"k ea=kh


23/60


vkpk;Z Jh ,oaegke.Mys'oj dksBkjh jktsUnz nkl th

vkpk;Z Jh dks migkj HksaV djrh gqbZ cgu Hkxorh Js; vkpk;Z cky".k th dks rkt igukrh gqbZ cgusa

vkpk;Z Jh nqyZHk ik.Mqfyfi Lohdkj djrs gq,

vfXugks=k ds i'pkr vkpk;ZJh dks iq"i o"kkZ dj eaxydkeuk djrs gq, fof'k"Vtu ,oaJkyq

iratfy ;ksxihB ds f}rh;pj.k esapkj vxLr dks Js;

vkpk;Zcky".k ds tUefnuij tM+h&cwVh ds ikS/s yxkdjmkjk[k.M ds eq[;ea=kh Jh jes'kiks[kfj;ky fu'kad* tM+h&cwVhfnol* dk 'kqHkkjEHk dj nsoHkwfemkjk[k.M dks ns 'k dk izFke^vk;q"k izns'k* ds :i esafodkldjus dh ?kks"k.kk dh vkSj dgkfd izfro"kZ4 vxLr dks ;ksxf"k

Lokeh jkenso th egkjkt ds liuksadks ewrZ:i nsus okys vkpk;Z

cky".k egkjkt ds vorj.k fnol dks ^tM+h&cwVh fnol* ds:i esa euk;k tk;sxkA


24/60


i-iw- Lokehth egkjkt] Js; lR;fe=kkuan th egkjktds lkFk vkpk;Z cky".k th egkjkt

tUefnu ij vkpk;Zth dks 'kky HksaV djrs gq,

vkpk;Z iz|qEu

eap ij vkpk;Zth dks 'kky HksaV djrs gq, jktoS|

Jh cgLifr nso f=kxq.kk

vkpk;Zth dks 'kky vkSj vk'khokZn iznku djrs gq,ofj"Btu

tUefnol ij vkpk;Z Jh dks ek nqxkZ dh izfrek dkmigkj iznku djrs gq, Jkyqtu

vkpk;Z Jh dks iq"ixqPN iznku djrh gqbZ ,d lkf/dk


25/60


mkjk[k.M ds eq[;ea=kh MkW- jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad*dks iq"ixqPN nsdj lEekfur djrh gqbZ

cgu lquhrk iksn~nkj

o{kkjksi.k djrs gq, i-iw- Lokeh jkensoth egkjkt mkjk[k.M ds eq[;ea=kh MkW- jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad*o{kkjksi.k djrs gq,

fuorZeku 'kadjkpk;Z Js; lR;fe=kkuan th egkjkt ,oai-iw- Lokeh jkenso th egkjkt

Hkkjrh; Mkd foHkkx }kjk ^egf"kZ iratfy* ij fuxZr Mkd fVdV dk yksdkiZ.k] tM+h&cwVh fnol rFkk vk;qosZn ovkxsZfud tM+h&cwVh df"kdj.k ds {ks=k esa fof'k"V dk;Z djus okys fo}rtuksa dk lEeku o iqjLdkj forj.k lekjksg

esa mifLFkr fo'kky tulewg


26/60


Hkkjrh; ewY;ksa ds leFkZu esa vkokt cqyan djus okysckck jkenso ,d ckj fiQj leySafxdrk ds eqn~ns ij [kqydjlkeus vk x, gSa] os leySafxdrk dks oS/ djkj nsus ij 'kq:gqbZcgl esadwn iM+s gSa] og Hkh ges'kk dh rjg ,d etcwrrdZds vk/kj ijA bafM;k VqMs ds ,lksfl,V,fMVj mn; ekgwjdj us bl eqn~ns ij ckckjkenso ls ckr] dh is'k gS izeq[k va'k%

leySafxdrk dks oS/ djus ds iqjtksjfojks/ ds ihNs vkidh D;k lkspgS\

lHkh /eksesaleySafxdrk dk fojks/fd;k x;k gS D;ksafd ;g bZ'oj vkSj izdfrds fu;eksa ds f[kykiQ gS] vxj ;g lghgksrk rks Hkxoku us nks dh txg ,d gh fyax dh ekuotkfr dks la lkj esaHkstkgksrkA leySafxdrk dks oS/kfud djkj nsdjge if'peh ns'kksadh dqN fodfr;ksadhvka[k ewan dj udy dj jgs gSa] ;fn Hkkjresa bls ekU;rk fey tkrh gS rks ;gkdhewy laLdfr dks Hkkjh /Ddk igqpsxkA ge bldk dM+k fojks/djrs gSaA lHkh /eksds izeq[kksadks ,d gksdj bls jksdus dkiz;kl djuk pkfg,A

leyS afxdrk ds dqN leFkZd tks dgrs gSa fd ;gmruh gh iqjkuh gS ftruh nqfu;k blfy, bls oS/fd;k tkuk pkfg,] dqN dgrs gSa fd ;g ykbyktizkdfrd fodfr gS blfy, bls lgu djuk pfkg,]dqN ;g liQkbZ nsrs gS a fd lefyafx;ks a dh egkuvkRek gksrh gS vkSj dqN bls lafo/ku es a fn, x,Lora=krk ds vf/dkj ls tksM+rs gSa] vki D;k dgsaxs\

lekt esaO;kIr cqjkb;ka] pkgs og pksjh gks ;k os';kofk]

mruh gh iqjkuh gSaftruk ;g czkaMA D;k vki fdlh [kjkcckr dks fliZQ blfy, oS/ ?kksf"kr dj ldrs gSafd og cgqriq jkuh gS\ ;g ykbykt iz kdfrd fod` fr ughagS cfYdvkuqokaf'kd fodfr gS ftldk bykt gks ldrk gS A vxj dksbZckSfd :i ls etcwr gS rks blds ek;us ;g dnkfi ughagSafd mlds xyr igywdks utjvankt dj fn;k tk,A tgkrdlafo/ku dh ckr gS] vxj og ukxfjd vf/dkjksadh ckrdjrk gS rks ;g lH; lekt ds ,d fo'ks "k [kkds es a bu

vfkdkjksads f;kUo;u dh ckr Hkh dgrk gS vkSj ukxfjd dslekt ds izfr nkf;Ro dk mYys[k Hkh djrk gSA

yksdrkaf=kd lekt es a fdlh o;Ld dk ;kSu #>kumldk O;fDrxr ekeyk gS] D;k bldk fojks/ tk;t

gS\

yksdra=k ;k Lora=k lekt vkidks ;gvuqefr ughansrk gS fd vki dqN Hkh djsa]leySafxdrk dks oS/ djkj fn, tkus dsi{k esafxus&pqus yksx gh gSa] bldk Js; rksLora=k lekt ds fodr Lo:i eas fo'okl

djus okys ehfM;k ds ,d 'kfDr'kkyhrcds dks tkuk pkfg, tks bls c


27/60


28/60


ls gesa o"kZ2008&09 ds vkdM+ksa ds vuqlkj izfro"kZyxHkx 6yk[k 75 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk lkeku vFkok oLrq,fons'kksa lsvk;kr(((((Import)))))djuh iM+rh gSa;fn Lons'kh vFkZ&O;oLFkk o

xzkeh.k LokoyEcu dks ge izkFkfedrk ns a rks ns'k es a 5 ls 10yk[k djksM+ #i;s dk vfrfjDr vUu mRiknu dj ldrs gSarFkky?kqm|ksxksao xzkeh.k m|ksxksadks cdjviuk nkf;Ro ekurs gSaA ;g ckr iw.kZ:i ls lR; gS fd nqfu;k

dh Js"Bre 'kklu iz.kkyh yksdrU=k gh gS ijUrq blh ds lkFknwljk lR; ;g Hkh gS fd yksdrU=k "kM~;U=k lss rHkh cpsxk tcns'k ds lc yksx oksV dks viuk jk"Vh; nkf;Ro ekudj oksfVaxdjsaxsA geus ;g iz;Ru fd;kA ns'k ds lHkh izcq yksxksa] ehfM;k

dfeZ;ksa}kjk vfHk;ku pyk;k fd LosPNk ls 100% ernku djsaij ;g eqfge iwjh rjg liQy ugha gks ik;h vkSj u gh LosPNkls vkxs Hkh 100% izfr'kr ernku dh lEHkkouk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSAvr% gekjk ekuuk gS fd yksdrU=k dks cpkus ,oans'k dks pykus

ds fy, tc geus yxHkx 34735 dkuwu cuk;s gq, gSarks ,ddkuw u ns'k ds yksdrU=k o ns'k dks cpkus ds fy, vfuok;Zernku dk D;ksaugha cuuk pkfg;s\ tks ukxfjd ernku ugha djsamudks ns'k ds ukxfjd gksus ds ukrs izkIr gksus okyh lqfo/kvksao vf/dkjksa ls oafpr djuk pkfg,A vkLVsfy;k] bVyh] kal oteZuh vkfn 30 ls vf/d ns'kksaus vfuok;Zernku dk fu;e

cuk;k gqvk gS vkSj blds ogkacgqr vPNs ifj.kke feys gSaA([k) Lons'kh dj O;oLFkk % Lons'kh dkuwu O;oLFkk esavaxzstksaus Hkkjrh; m|ksxksadks u"V djus] xq#dqyh; iz.kkyh dks

lekIr djus o kafrdkfj;ksadh vkfFkZd lgk;rk cUn djus dsmn~ns'; ls 1857 dh kafUr ds ckn 97% bUde VSDl Hkkjrh;m|ksxkas ij 350% ,Dlkbt+ M~;wVh ij rFkk 120&150% fch djyxk fn;k FkkA fdlkuksadks cckZn djus ds fy, muls d`f"k ij90% yxku olwyk tkrk FkkA bu rF;ksavkSj vkadM+ksadks j[kus dk


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gekjk vfHkizk; bruk gh gS fd bf.M;u bUde VSDl dkuwu dsuke ls tks dkyk dkuwu gekjs ns'k esapy jgk gS ;g dkuwu gesavaxzstkas ls fojklr esafeyk gSA vaxzstksaus ml le; dqy 14 izdkj

ds VSDl yxk;s FksA izR;{k dj ,d rFkk ijks{k dj 13 FksA geusvkt mu VSDlksadks de djus ;k [kRe djus dh ctk; vkSj c


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D;ksafd 5&10&20 o 50 #i;s uksVksads :i esa gtkjksa djksM+ oyk[kksa djksM+ #i;s dks Nqikuk ;k fj'or ds :i esansuk laHkougha gks ik;sxk D;ksafd 10 ;k 20 #i;s ds uksV ds :i esaiwjheqnzk gksus ij ;fn fdlh ds ikl dkyk /u ;k 2 ua- dk iSlkgS rks bls Nqikus ds fy, cMs+&cM+s xksnke o fj'or nsus ds fy,Hkh lwVds'kksaes a ughaVdks a esa eqnzk dks ys tkuk iM+sxkA

bl cM+ s uksVksals iw jh dkyk cktkjh] fj'or[kks jh&pksjh oHkz"Vkpkj iui jgk gSA ;s [krjukd [ksy rqjUr can gksuk pkfg,

rFkk fjtoZcSad dks ,d vkns'k tkjh djds 500 o 1000 #i;sds uksVksadks rqjUr okil ys ysuk pkfg,A dkyk /u ljdkj dsikl tek djrs le; muls ek=k 5 ;k 10% VSDl ysdj mls HkhliQsn /u ds :i esaifjofrZr dj nsuk pkfg,A blls ,d fnuesa gh dkyk /u o Hkz"Vkpkj dh leL;k feV tk;sxh o ljdkjhdks"k esayk[kksa djksM+ #i;s tek gks tk;sxkA

cM+h eqnzk ds i{k esa cM+s yksx ;fn rdZ nsafd NksVs uksVksadksys tkus es a (dSjh djus esa) fnDdr gksrh gS blfy, 500 ;k1000 #i;s ds uksV t#jh gSa rks gekjk rdZ gS fd vki viuk

ysu&nsu (VkatsD'ku) cSad ;k pSd ls dhft,A uksVksads :i esaysu&nsu ;k /a/k djrs gh D;ksagS\ NksVs yksxksads ikl u rks cM+s

uksV gS vkSj u gh cM+s uksVksa dh mudks vko';drk gSAgekjs nkf;Ro % ;|fi ns'k esajk"Vh; uhfr;ko dkuwu cukuso O;oLFkkvksadks lapkfyr djus dk dke ;k laoS/kfud vf/dkjljdkjksads ikl gS rFkkfi jk"Vfgr esau, dkuwu cukus o iqjkusdkuwu O;oLFkkvksadks cnyus ds fy, tuer rS;kj djus dk dkege djsaxsA ge ns'k ds yksxksads chp esaviuh ckr j[kdj ns'k dsvke vkneh dks U;k; miyC/ djkdj vkRe lEeku o LokfHkeku

ds lkFk thus dk gd fnyk;saxsA -----e'k%

&vkpk;Z lR;kuUn ^ukSf"Bd*

,d taxy esa ,d cgqr cM+k isM+ Fkk ftl ij [kwciQy&iwQy yxrs Fks vkSj Nk;k Hkh ?kuh FkhA ml ijcgqr&ls i{kh ?kksalyk cukdj jgrs FksA mldsehBs iQyksadks [kkdj thou fcrkrsvkSj mldh B.Mh Nk;k esavkuUn ls bl izdkj jgrs

gq, mu if{k;ksa dk ml isM+ls vR;f/d yxko gks x;kAisM+ D;k Fkk] lSdM+ksa if{k;ksadk clsjk Fkk] tks if{k;ksa dk ,dxkao&lk yxrk FkkA lqcg&'kke og if{k;ksads dyjo ds e/qj laxhr ls xwat mBrkA blizdkj i{khx.k cM+s vkuUn ls viuk le; fcrkjgs FksA

,d ckj taxy esa Hk;adj vkx yx x;hA vkx rwiQku dh

rjg iSQyus yxhA taxy ds lHkh tkuoj] i{kh] euq"; lqjf{krLFkkuksa dh vksj Hkkxus yxs A f'kdkjh f'kdkj dk fopkj NksM+djokil ykSV x,A vkx dh yiVsarsth ls iSQydj lHkh isM+ksa dksviuh yisV es a ys jgh FkhA ,d f'kdkjh us ns[kk fd ,d

fo'kkydk; isM+ dks vkx dh yiVsa idM+us yxh gSavkSj mlij cSBs i{kh mM+ ughajgs gSa] vfirqT;ksa&ds&R;ksa fLFkjHkko lscSBs gSaA f'kdkjh us mUgsapsrkrs gq, dgk&

vkx yxh bl o`{k dks tyu yxs gS ikrA

mM+ tkvks js if{k;ksa] tc ia[k rqEgkjs lkFkAA;g lqudj i{kh mM+s ughavfirqf'kdkjh dks mkj fn;k &iQy [kk, bl o{k ds xUns

dhUgsa ikrA/eZ gekjk vc ;ghtysablh ds lkFkAA

if{k;ksadk ;g mkj lqudjf'kdkjh fu#kj gks x;kA FkksM+hgh nsj esavius isM+:ih ns'k ds

lkFk lHkh i{kh cfynku gks x,Af'k{kk&if{k;ksa ds bl laokn esadfo us

ns'kokfl;ksadks ns'kizse dh f'k{kk nh gSA ns'kds ij mldh j{kk ds fy, ge iys gSa]

mlds midkjksa dks Hkwyuk ugha pkfg,A ,sls gh

cfynkfu;ksa ds dkj.k gekjk ns 'k vktkn gks ldkgSA HkxkSM+ksa ls ns'k xqyke cu tkrk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd Js; Lokeh jkensothegkjkt Hkkjr ds yksxksa dk LokfHkeku txkdjmuds vanj ns'kizse dh Hkkouk Hkjuk pkgrs gSaA

blhfy, mUgksaus ^Hkkjr LokfHkeku* VLV dh LFkkiuk dh gSAvki Hkh Hkkjr LokfHkeku ls tqM+dj ns'k lsok dk iquhr dk;Z

dj ldrs gSaA


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&Lokeh jkenso

;g ckr loZfofnr gS& xhrk dk izkjEHk eq[; rkSj ijnwljs v;k; ds 11osa 'yksd ls gqvk gSA vr% f}rh; v;k;esa gh xhrk ds izfrik| fo"k; dh [kkst dh tkuh mfpr gSAxhrk ds vc rd ftrus Vhdkdkj gq, gSa lcus vius&viusn`f"Vdks.k ls blds izfrik| fo"k; dk foospu fd;k gSA igysge Vhdkdkjksa dh bl fo"k; esa lEefr tku ysuk pkgsaxsA

(d) 'kadjkpk;Z (788&820 bZLoh) dk Kku;ksx %Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa eks{k&izkfIr ds rhu lk/u fxuk;s x;s gSa&

Kku] deZ] miklukA Kku dk lEcU/ efLr"d ls g S] deZ dklEcU/ bfU;ksa ls gS] mikluk dk lEcU/ n; ls gSA blh dksvaxzsth esaKnowing, willing, feeling dgrs gSaA Kku ds ekxZ

dks Kku;ksx] deZ ds ekxZ dks deZ;ksx rFkk mikluk ds ekxZdks HkfDr;ksx dgk tkrk gSA 'kadjkpk;Z v}Srdkjh FksA mudkdguk Fkk fd txr~ feF;k (fuR; ifjorZu'khy) gS] cz ghlr~ gS] vkRek Hkh ewyr% cz gS] ;g tks ukukRo fn[kkbZ nsrkgS mldk dkj.k vKku gSA

vxj ;g ckr Bhd gS fd vKku gh lc jksxksa dh tM+ gSrks gekjs lc jksxksa dks dkVus dk mik; Hkh ^Kku* ds flok;nwljk dksbZ gks gh ugha ldrkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd 'kadjkpk;Z dsdFkukuqlkj xhrk dk eq[; izfrik| fo"k; ^Kku&;ksx* gSA deZrks djuk gh iM+rk gS] ijUrq deZ eq[; ugha] Kku eq[; gS] deZ

fd;k tkrk gS deZ dk R;kx djus ds fy;s laU;kl ds fy;s]deksZa ls fuo`fk ds fy;sA 'kadjkpk;Z dk dguk gS fd xhrk dsv;k; 4] 'yksd 37 esa fy[kk gS& ^KkukfXu% loZdekZf.kHkLrlkr~ dq#rstqZu* gs vtqZu! Kku dh vfXu ls lc deZHkLe gks tkrs gSa_ blh izdkj xhrk ds v;k; 4] 'yksd 33

esa fy[kk gS& ^loZa dekZf[kya ikFkZ Kkus ifjlekI;rs*A lcdeksZa dk vUr Kku esa gksrk gS_ blls fl gS fd xhrk dkizfrik| fo"k; ^deZ;ksx* ugha] ^deZ&laU;kl* gSA mikluk ds

lEcU/ esa 'kadjkpk;Z dk dguk gS fd HkfDr rks O;fDr(lkdkj) ds izfr gksrh gS] cz dksbZ O;fDr&fo'ks"k ugha gS]

blfy;s mldh mikluk ugha gks ldrh] mlds izfr izse ;kJk Hkh ugha gks ldrhA nks 'kCnksa esa] 'kadjkpk;Z ds vuqlkj

xhrk dk izfrik| fo"k; u deZ;ksx* gS u HkfDr;ksx* gS_ xhrkdk izfrik| fo"k; gS ^Kku;ksx*A

([k) jkekuqtkpk;Z (tUe 1073 ;k 11oha 'krkCnh)dk ^HkfDr;ksx* %'kadjkpk;Z v}Sroknh Fks rks jkekuqtkpk;Zfof'k"Vk}Sroknh FksA fof'k"V}Sr dk D;k vFkZ gS\ budk dgukFkk& 'kadjkpk;Z dk v}Srokn lR; ugha gSA bZ'oj] tho rFkk

txr~& ;s rhuksa ,d ro ugha] fHkUu&fHkUu rhu ro gSa] ijUrqdSls ro\ tho (fpr~) rFkk txr~ (vfpr~) nksuksa ,d ghbZ'oj ds lw{e 'kjhj gSaA fpr~ $ vfpr~ fof'k"V bZ'oj rks ,dgh gS_ bZ'oj ds 'kjhj ds bl lw{e fpk~ $ vfpr~ ls LFkwy

fpr~ (vusd tho) rFkk LFkwy vfpr~ (;g LFkwy txr~) dhmRifk gqbZ gSA D;ksafd bl flkUr esa tho rFkk txr~ dks bZ'ojdk gh 'kjhj ekuk tkrk gS] blfy;s bl flkUr dks Hkh v}Srgh dgrs gSa] ijUrq D;ksafd bl flkUr esa bZ'oj ds 'kjhj dkstho rFkk txr~ ls fof'k"V vFkkZr~ lfgr ekuk tkrk gS blfy;s bls ^fof'k"Vk}Sr* dgrs gSaA tSls 'kjhj rFkk vkRek ,d ghHkklrs gSa] ijUrq ,d nwljs ls i`Fkd~ gSa] ,d nwljs ls fof'k"V

gSa] fHkUu gSa] oSls txr~ rFkk ijekRek ,d gh Hkklrs gSa] ijUrq,d nwljs ls i`Fkd gSa] ,d nwljs ls fof'k"V gSaA bZ'oj] thorFkk txr~& bu rhuksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh ,d nwljs ds lkFk blizdkj c/s gq, gSa] ,d nwljs ls fof'k"V gSa tSls 'kjhj rFkk

vkRek dh vyx&vyx vuqHkwfr gksrs gq, Hkh budh ,d ghvuqHkwfr gksrh gSaA jkekuqtkpk;Z dgrs gSa fd tho bZ'oj ls

fof'k"V gksrs gq, Hkh bZ'oj ls i`Fkd~ gS] tho vokLrfod ughagS] eqfDr dh n'kk esa og yqIr ugha gksrkA rks fiQj bZ'oj rFkktho dk D;k lEcU/ gS\ tSls tho 'kjhj dks lEHkkyrk gS oSlsbZ'oj tho dks lEHkkyrk gS] tho ds Hkhrj bZ'oj dk fuoklgS] ijekRek vkRek ds Hkhrj ekStwn gS vkSj Hkhrj ls gh mldkfu;eu djrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd bZ'oj dh tc tho ij

^Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk xhrke`r* dh O;k[;k Js; Lokeh jkensoth dh gj eghus e'k% izdkf'kr gksxhA la-


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ik gksrh gS rc mldk mkj gksrk gSA bl n`f"V lsjkekuqtkpk;Z dk dguk gS fd xhrk dk eq[; izfrik| fo"k;HkfDr gS] deZ ughaA bZ'oj dh tho ij ik tho ds HkfDrHkko

ls gh gks ldrh gS] deZ rks mlesa lgk;d ek=k gSA rHkh dgkgS&bZ'oj% loZ Hkwrkuka n~ns'kstqZu ft"BfrA Hkzke;u~loZHkwrkfu;U=kk:dj djukpkfg;sA flikgh dk ;g drZO; gS fd og yM+s] gqdqe ikrs ghxksyh ekj ns] pkgs mlds lkeus okyk mldk cqtqxZ gks] xq# gks]


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fj'rsnkj gks_ tt dk drZO; gS fd og vijk/h dks tsy Hkstns] [kwuh dks iQklh dh ltk ns] odhy dk drZO; gS fd viuseqofDdy dh iSjoh djus esa iwjh dksf'k'k djsa pkgs og tkurkgks fd mldk eqofDdy dlwjokj gSA dgk tkrk gS fd ;g^deZ;ksx* gS] ijUrq ;fn euq"; dh vkUrfjd n`f"V cny tk;]

flikgh dk n; Vky~LVkW; tSlk gks tk; vkSj og le>us yxs

fd fdlh Hkh euq"; dh tku ysuk oSlk gh ?k`f.kr dke gS tSlk fdlh euq"; dk ekl [kkuk] ;fn tt dks ;g vkUrfjdfo'okl gks tk; vkSj og ;g ns[kus yxs fd >wB lnk iki ghgS] rc D;k gksxk\ D;k rc Hkh ^deZ;ksx* dh nqgkbZ nsdjflikgh dks yM+uk gh iM+sxk] tt dks viuk vkUrfjd fo'oklnckuk gh iM+sxk] odhy dks >wBs eqofDdy dh iSjoh djuhgh gksxh\ ,slk ^deZ;ksx* fdl dke dk tks vUrjkRek dksnck;s vkSj bl izdkj ds ^deZ;ksx* dh xhrk esa fgek;r gksxh&;g laHko ugha gSA cq us jkt NksM+ fn;k] jke".k ijegal us ?kj&ckj NksM+ fn;k] foosdkuUn us Hkh lc dqN NksM+ fn;kA

D;k xhrk cq dks ;g mins'k nsxh fd jkt djuk] L=kh&iq=kdk ikyu djuk mldk drZO; Fkk] bUgsa NksM+dj mlus vPNkugha fd;k] D;k xhrk ijegal jke".k rFkk foosdkuUn dks;g mins'k nsxh fd ?kj&x`gLFkh dks NksM+dj tks mUgksaus viusdks Hkxoku~ ds viZ.k dj fn;k& ;g Bhd ugha fd;kA tcfdlh ds vUrjkRek esa bl izdkj dh ifjfLFkfr mRiUu gks tk;tSlh cq] jke".k ijegal] foosdkuUn ds n; esa mRiUu gksxbZ] rc lHkh drZO;ksa dks R;kx nsuk] dqpy Mkyuk vkSj ,dvksj iQsad nsuk iM+rk gSA

vtqZu ds lEeq[k Hkh ,slh gh fLFkfr mRiUu gks xbZ FkhA ogflikgh Fkk] blfy;s mls ;q djus ds fy;s dgk tk jgk FkkAmls dgk tk jgk Fkk fd ;q djuk mldk /eZ gSA lkeus dksbZHkh gks] xq# gks] HkkbZ gks] fj'rsnkj gks&flikgh dk dke ;q esa

gkFk ls 'kL=k isQad nsuk ughaA ijUrq D;k ;g ckr tprh gS fdvtqZu dh vUrjkRek mls ;q ls fojr dj jgh gks] vkSjJhd`".k mls dg jgs gksa fd rqEgsa ;q djuk gh gksxk D;ksafd

;g rqEgkjk drZO; gSA vtqZu dh rks dfBukbZ gh ;g Fkh fdHkys gh ;q djuk mldk drZO; Fkk fdUrq mldh vUrjkRek

dh iqdkj mls ;q ls fojr dj jgh Fkh] Bhd ,sls tSls vk[k[kqy tkus ij odhy vius >wBs eqofDdy dh iSjoh djukNksM+ nsrk gS] tSls cq us Kku dh vk[k [kqyus ij jkt&ikV

NksM+ fn;k] ijegal jked`".k vkSj foosdkuUn us ?kj&ckj NksM+fn;kA vtqZu dks ;g dguk fd rqe lSfud gks] lSfud dk dkedjks] dkVks&ekjks] pkgs iki gks pkgs iq.;] pkgs bldk tks HkhiQy gks mldk fopkj u djds fu"dke Hkko ls viuk deZdjks&JhvjfoUn dk dguk gS fd ,slh lh[k fdlh jkT; dhvksj ls gks ldrh gS] jktuhfrK ,slk dg ldrk gSa] ijUrq dksbZ

egku~ /kfeZd vkSj nk'kZfud xzUFk] ftldk fd mn~ns'; ghthou vkSj deZ ds iz'u dks tM+ewy ls gy djuk gks] ,slh

f'k{kk ugha ns ldrkA ;fn bl izdkj ds uSfrd iz'u ds fo"k;esa xhrk dks ;gh ckr dguh gks rks bls lalkj ds egku~ xzzUFkksadh lwph ls vyx gh djuk gksxk vkSj fiQj ;fn bls dghaj[kuk gh gks rks jktuhfr'kkL=k dh fdlh ykbczsjh esa j[k nsukgksxkA

vxj ^deZ;ksx* xhrk dk izfrik| fo"k; ugha gS] rks JhvjfoUn ds fopkj esa xhrk dk izfrik| fo"k; D;k gS\ JhvjfoUn dk dguk gS fd xhrk jkt uhfr'kkL=k dk xzUFk ugha]

cfYd vk;kfRed thou dk xzUFk gSA JhvjfoUn ds vuqlkjxhrk ftl deZ dk izfriknu djrh gS og ekuo&deZ ugha]vfirq fnO; deZ gSA ^êkuo&deZ** D;k gS vkSj ^^fnO; deZ**

D;k gS\

ftUgsa ge drZO;&deZ dgrs gSa os lc êkuo&/eZ* gSAlekt us ftu drZO;ksa dks gekjs fy;s fuf'pr fd;k gS] os^fnO; /eZ* ugha] êkuo&/eZ gSaA czk.k ds fy;s czk.k dk

deZ] {kf=k; ds fy;s {kk=k deZ&;s lc ^fnO;/eZ* ugha dgs tk

ldrs] ;s lc êkuo&/eZ* gSaA flikgh ;q esa ftls lkeusvkrs ns[k mlh ij xksyh nkx ns] odhy vius lPps&>wBs

eqofDdy dh th tku ls iSjoh djs ] tt gj vijk/h dks tsyHkst ns&;s lc êkuo/eZ* gSa] ^fnO; /eZ* ughaA ekuo /eZ dkvFkZ gS& ^lkekftd&/eZ*A lekt us viuh vko';drkvksa ds

fy;s tks mfpr le>k og euq"; dk drZO; fuf'pr dj fn;kAlekt dh vko';drk cny tk; rks ;g /eZ] ;g deZ Hkh cny tk;A tks deZ ekuo&lekt dh vko';drk vuqlkjcny ldrk gS] vkt og drZO; deZ gS] vko';drk cnytkus ij dy og vdrZO; deZ gks ldrk gS] ,sls deZ ds fy;s

xhrk tSlk egku~ xzUFk D;k ;g mins'k ns ldrk gS fd mlsvk[k ehp dj djrs tkvks] pkgs og iq.; dk deZ gks ;k ikidk] pkgs rqEgkjh vUrjkRek mls djus dh xokgh nsrh gks] pkgsu nsrh gks] pkgs cqtqxks] HkkbZ&Hkrhtksa dh [kwu dh ufn;k cgkusdk gh deZ D;ksa u gks\ JhvjfoUn dgrs gSa fd xhrk dh ;gf'k{kk ugha gks ldrh] êkuo&/eZ* ds fy;s euq"; vk[k ehpdj py iM+s& ;g dSls gks ldrk gS\ JhvjfoUn dk dgukgS fd xhrk ekuo dks êkuo&deZ* ds fy;s ugha] ^fnO; deZ*ds fy;s izsfjr djrh gSA ^fnO;&deZ* D;k gS\ bl fo'o dk fu;U=k.k euq"; ugha dj jgk] Hkxoku~ dj jgk gS] dksbZnSoh&'kfDr dj jgh gSA ml fnO; 'kfDr dk fo'o esa lapkyu

esa tks mn~ns'; gS] ml mn~ns'; ds lkFk ,drkurk mRiUu djysuk] ml mn~ns'; dks iw.kZ djus esa viuh 'kfDr yxk nsuk gh^fnO;&deZ* gSA ^fnO;&mn~ns';* dks iw.kZ djus okyk deZ

fnO;&deZ gS] vkSj tc euq"; fnO;&deZ djus yxrk gS rcog Lo;a deZ ugha dj jgk gksrk] euq"; dks ek;e cukdjHkxoku~ gh deZ dj jgk gksrk gS] euq"; rks fufekek=k gksrk^fufekek=ka Hko lO;lkfpu~!* ^fnO;&deZ* dk ;g vFkZ

ugha gS fd mlesa êkuo&deZ* vk ugha tkrk ;k bu nksuksa dk


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lnk fojks/ gSA lekt&lsok] vius&vius pkrqoZ.;Z dk ikyu]lekt ds fuf'pr fd;s gq, drZO; deZ&;s lc ^fnO;&deZ*ds vax gks ldrs gSa] vktdy ds ;qx esa ;s ^fnO; deZ* dsvax gSa Hkh] blhfy;s ;s py Hkh jgs gSa] ijUrq ,slk volj vk

ldrk gS tc ^fnO;&deZ* vkSj êkuo&deZ* esa fojks/ mB [kM+k gksA cq ds thou esa ,slk volj vk;k_ n;kuUn]

jked`".k ijegal] foosdkuUn ds thou eas Hkh ,slk voljvk;kA ml le; mUgkssaus êkuo&deZ* dks] ml deZ dks ftls

ge drZO; deZ dgrs gSa] ijs isQad dj ^fnO;&deZ* dksidM+k] vUrjkRek dh iqdkj lquh] vius Hkhrj cSBs ijekRek dsvkns'k dk ikyu fd;k] lkalkfjd drZO;&vdrZO; ds eksg esa

ugha iM+sA xhrk dk izfrik|&fo"k; ;gh ^fnO;&deZ* gS ;ghfu"dke deZ gSA

rks fiQj vtqZu dh leL;k dk JhvjfoUn ds n`f"Vdks.k ls D;k gy gqvk\ JhvjfoUn dgrs gSa fd xhrk cM+s tksj lscrykrh gS fd euq"; ^deZ* dk drkZ ugha gS] d=kh izd`fr gS]

;g f=kxq.ke;h izd`fr&'kfDr gh euq"; ds }kjk deZ djrh gS]izd`fr gSaA izd`fr Hkh D;k gS\ izd`fr ls Hkh ijs] izd`fr dk Hkhfu;U=k.k djus okyk] izd`fr dk vk/kj rFkk bldk Lokeh ,dpsru izHkq gS] bl lcdk fu;U=k.k djus okyk ij&czA ogvius thoksa ds n; esa fojkteku gS] izd`fr ds dk;ks dk

fu;ked gS] ;g ogh gS tks dq#{ks=k dh lejHkwfe esa thforlsukvksa dks Hkh ekj pqdk gS] tks vtqZu dks bl lagkj esa dsoy;a=k ;k fufekek=k cuk;s gq, gSA vtqZu D;ksafd nSoh; 'kfDr dk fufekek=k gS] mlh dk ,d ;U=k gS] blfy;s mldk viusdeks ij dqN Hkh nkok ugha gS] vf/dkj ugha gS] og tks dqNdjsxk vf/dkj NksM+dj djsxk] ;s deZ D;ksafd vtqZu ds ugha]Hkxoku~ ds gSa] blfy;s bu deks esa dksbZ iQykdka{kk ugha gks

ldrh] ;s fu"dke gSaA JhvjfoUn us ^fnO;&deZ* dk ;gh :igSA ^fnO;&deZ* 'kCn xhrk ds prqFkZ v;k; uosa 'yksd esavk;k gSA

JhvjfoUn ds ^fnO;&deZ* ds flkUr ls gesa D;k lh[kfeyrh gS\ gesa blls ;g lh[k feyrh gS fd geesa ls ftuds n; esa Hkh fnO;&psruk tkx`r gks tk;s mldk deZ ekuodrZO; ;k lkekftd O;ogkj ds fy;s vius dks U;kSNkoj djnsuk ugha gS] mldk deZ nSoh; psruk ds LiUnu ds lkFk viusdks ,djl dj nsuk gS Hkys gh bl izdkj êkuodeZ* rFkk

^nSoh; deZ* esa la?k"kZ gh D;ksa u iSnk gks tk;A gk! tc rdog nSoh; psruk ugha mRiUu gksrh rc rd rks viuh O;fDrxrbPNkvksa ls ij ekuoh; drZO;ksa] jk"Vh; drZO;ksa o lkekftddrZO;ksa dk fuokZg fd;k gh tkuk pkfg;sA xhrk tgk fdlh Hkhizkekf.kd fyf[kr 'kkL=k dks iw.kZ lEeku nsrh gS(rLekPNkL=kaizek.ka rs dk;kZdk;Z& O;ofLFkrkS&xh0 v;k; 16&'yksd23] 24) ogk O;fDrxr Lrj ij vius vkRe'kkL=k] viuhvkRek esa fLFkr Hkxoku~ dh nSoh okd~ dks lquus ds fy;s iwjk

&".k ukjk;.k 'kekZ

;ksx ls jksx feVkrs pyks];ksx dh xaxk cgkrs pyks]jkg esa vk,W tks nhu&nq[kh]mudks Hkh ;ksx fl[kkrs pyks]

;ksx gh czk] ;ksx gh fo".kq] ;ksx gh f'ko dh ek;k]

ftlus ;ksx fd;k gS tx esa ikbZ dapu dk;k];ksx ls izHkq dks ikrs pyks];ksx dh xaxk cgkrs pyks]

;ksx ughatks thou esadjrk]og fdLer dk ekjk]

;ksx vxj dj ysxk] cans thou esamft;kjk];ksx ls mtkyk iQSykrs pyks];ksx dh xaxk cgkrs pyks]

n; jksx vkSj dSalj tSls jksx nwj gks tkrs];ksx ds lkeus ykbykt Hkh jksx ughafVd ikrs]

;ksx ls lsgr cukrs pyks];ksx dh jkg fn[kkrs pyks]thou lq[kn cukrs pyks]

;ksx gh pank] ;ksx gh lwjt] Nk;k gS vf/;kjklks;s tu dks mBkrs pyks]Hkksj dh csyk txkrs pyks];ksx dh xaxk cgkrs pyksA

cy nsrh gSA tSlk fd lEiw.kZ mins'k ds vUr esa dgk x;kgS&^loZ/ekZu~ ifjR;T; ekesda 'kj.ka ozt* 18@66 vFkkZr~leLr ck fof/&fo/kuksa] viuh vkgadkfjd leLr bPNkvksadk R;kx dj] viuh vUrjkRek esa fLFkr fnO; ok.kh dks lqu]mldh gh 'kj.k xzg.k dj (reso 'kj.ka xPN18@62)

leUo;kRed&n`f"V

v}Sroknh xhrk esa Kku;ksx dh ppkZ djrs gSa] }SroknhHkfDr;ksx dh] orZeku deZ;qx ds yksx deZ;ksx dh] JhvjfoUn

fnO;deZ;ksx dhA blesa lUnsg ugha fd Hkkjrh; n`f"Vdks.kdHkh ,dkaxh ugha jgkA ;gk dh fpUru iz.kkyh lnk leUo;kRedjgh gSA ;s fHkUu&fHkUu n`f"Vdks.k ,d&nwljs ds iwjd gSa vkSjblh n`f"V ls xhrk ds izfrik| fo"k; dks ns[kuk pkfg;saA xhrkesa Kku;ksx] HkfDr;ksx] deZ;ksx] fnO;deZ;ksx ;s pkjksa gh gSa]buesa ls fliQZ ,d gh ughaA bl n`f"V ls xhrk dk izR;sd LFkylqxe] ljy rFkk cqfxE; gks tkrk gSA izlkuqlkj lHkh dh ppkZ gqbZ gSA ----


35/60


Hkxrflag dh t;arh ij

&t; 'kadj feJ ^lO;lkph*lglaiknd@foHkkxk;{k ;ksx lans'k* iratfy ;ksxihB] gfj}kj

ehyksanwj rd iSQys ljlksavkSj edbZds [ksrksavkSj vejkb;ksa ds chp tkyakjftys ds iQxokM+k&uoka'kgj ekxZij iQxokM+k ls 27osaehy iRFkj ls dqN vkxs ,dNksVk lk xko gS ftldk uke [kVdj dyk gSA ;gha Hkxr flag dk iSr`d xko gS];gk Hkxr flag rc x;s gksaxs tc osaek dh xksan esa [ksyrs jgs gksaxs vkSj tgkvcmudh ewfrZLFkkfir gS ftldk vukoj.k 23 ekpZ 1973 dks iz/kuea=kh Jherh xkakhus fd;k FkkA ;gk ij [kM+k Hkxr flag viuh ek dks clarh pksyk cuk nsus dks dgjgs Fks D;ksafd ;g oghajax gS ftls nq%[kksals iw.kZbl ns'k ds kafrdkfj;ksa us iQkalhij >wyus ls igys iguk FkkA ogk [kM+s Hkxr flag uk;dRo ds dhfrZLrEHk gSa tksekuo eu dks izfrHkkflr djrs gSA

Hkxr flag iatkc ds îkbM ikbij* FksA ftldh Lora=krk dh /quksaus izR;sd Jksrkdks muds ihNs pyus dks foo'k dj fn;kA vius rkuksa ls lEiw.kZHkkjr dks lEeksfgrdj fn;k FkkA Lora=krk ds yEcs la?k"kZesaHkxr flag vaxz sth ds dfo ^'kSyh* dsîzksesfFk;l vuckmUM dh Hkkafr gS* ftls izse ds 'kklu vkSj lekt dh ryk'k gS

ftlesa fla gklu] osfn;ka] U;k;ihB vkS j canhxg vrhr dh oLrq,a gSavkS j ekuo'kk'or gSA

27 flrEcj lu~ 1907 dk fnu bfrgkl dk ,d vfoLe.kh; fnu gSA iatkcds yk;yiqj ftys ds caxk xzke esa ,d ,sls liwr dk vorj.k gqvk] ftlus ek=k23 o"kZ dh mez esa Hkkjrh; Lokkhurk dh cfyosnh ij Lo;a dks cfynku dj

lewps fo'o dks vk'p;Z esa Mky fn;k FkkA Hkkjr ds Lok/hurk laxzke ds bfrgklesa f}rh; ykgkSj "kM~;a=k dsl dk fof'k"V LFkku gSA dsUnzh; vlsEcyh esa ifCydlsVh fcy dk jk"Vh; vkks'k izdV djus ds fy, vktknh ds vej ijokusljnkj Hkxr flag o oVqds'oj }kjk 8 vizSy 1929 dks dsUnzh; vlsEcyh esa nksce fxjkdj tksjnkj /ekdk fd;k x;kA bfrgkl esa ;g /ekdk f}rh; ykgkSj"kM~;a=k dsl uke ls izfl gSaA

egku ns'kHkDr jk"V ds lPps liwr f}rh; ykgkSj "kM~;a=k dsl ds vej uk;dljnkj Hkxr flag dk tUe 28 flrEcj 1907 dks ekrk fo|korh o firk ljnkj

fd'kqu flag ds ?kj esagqvk] tks vkxs pydj egku kfUrdkjh ljnkj Hkxr flagds :i esafo[;kr gqvkA 10 tuojh 1931 dks Hkxr flag dks Jkatfy nsrs gq,usrk th ;kfu lqHkk"k pUnz cksl us dgk fd vkt Hkxr flag ,d 'kfDr ugha,dizrhd gSa] kfUr dh] ml psruk dk ftlus vkt lEiw.kZns'k dks tdM+ fy;k gSA

Hkxr flag xnj vkUnksyu ds vej ;qx 'kghn djrkj flag ljkHkk dks viukvkn'kZ ekurs FksA Hkxr falg dk ,d ek=k mn~ns'; la?k"kZ }kjk] cfynku }kjk] R;kx

}kjk] iw.kZvktknh dks izkIr djuk FkkA

lu~ 1923 es a Hkxr fla g us'kuy dkys t vk x;s] ;ghaij Hkxr flag dh

Hkxr flag iatkc ds îkbMikbij* FksA ftldh Lora=krk

dh /quksa us izR;sd Jksrk dksmuds ihNs pyus dks foo'k

dj fn;kA vius rkuksa ls lEiw.kZHkkjr dks lEeksfgr dj fn;kFkkA Lora=krk ds yEcs la?k"kZ esaHkxr flag vaxzsth ds dfo^'kSyh* ds îzksesfFk;l

vuckmUM dh Hkkafr gS* ftlsizse ds 'kklu vkSj lekt dhryk'k gS ftlesa flagklu]

osfn;ka] U;k;ihB vkSj canhx`gvrhr dh oLrq,a gSa vkSj ekuo

'kk'or gSA


36/60


eqykdkr bfrgkl ds v;kid t;panzfo|kyadkj ls gqbZ] t;panz us Hkxr flag dksdkuiq j x.ks 'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZds ikl Hkstfn;kA dkuiq j esa x.ks 'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ dkîz rki* uked v[kckj /M+Yys ls fudy

jgk FkkA jk"Vh; fopkj/kjk ls vksr&izksrîzrki* tgk,d vksj fczfV'k lkezkT; dhvk[kksadh fdfjfdjh Fkk] rks ogha nwljh vksj

ns'k ds uo;qodksads fy, Lora=krk dh cfyosnh ij U;kSNkoj gksus dk vkku FkkA

ljnkj Hkxr us pUn'ks[kj vktkn dslkeus ,d izLrko j[kk] mUgksaus dgk vlsEcyhesa D;ksa u cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, o viuk mn~ns'; crkus ds fy, ce isQadk tk;Afnu Fkk 8 vizSy 1929 fe'ku dh dekuHkxr flag us Lo;a laHkkyhA cVqds'oj nk

dks Hkxr us viuk lkFkh cuk;kA lsaVyvlsEcyh tk igqps] T;ksa gh lj 'kqLVj

ok;ljk; dh fo'ks"k Lohd`fr ls fcy iklgksus yxk ,dk,d Hkxr o nk vius LFkkuij mB [kM+s gq, vkSj vlsEcyh ds iQ'kZ ijn'kZd xSyjh esa ls ce isaQdsA Hkxr flag dsbl dne ls fczrkfu;k gqdwer dk r[rk fgy mBkA badykc ftUnkckn ds ukjksa lslewph vlsEcyh xwat mBh] lsaVy vlsEcyhvktknh ds rjkus fy[ks ipsZ ls Hkj xbZA bl

/ekds esa vaxzsth gqdwer yanu rd fgymBhA ce isaQdus ds ckn Hkxr flag vkSjoVqds'oj nk us fxjrkjh nhA Hkkjh pkSdlh ds lkFk nksuksa dksubZ fnYyh tsy esa canh cuk;k x;kA lkaMlZ gR;k o vlsEcyhce dk.M nksuksa dsl Hkxr flag ij ,d lkFk pyk;s x;sA ;g,sfrgkfld dsl dbZ ekl rd pyrk jgkA fxjrkj fd;s x;skfUrdkfj;ksa ds jk"Vh; rjkus %ljiQjks'kh dh reUuk] vcgekjs fny esa gS ns[kuk gS tksj fdruk] cktq, dkfry esagSA jgojs jgs eqgCcr] jg u tkuk jkg esa] yTtrs jgjkusonhZ] nwfj;k eafty esa gSA badykc ftUnkckn tSls ukjksa lsvkdk'k izfrofur gks mBk] vUrr% 6 vDVwcj] 1930 dks dsl

dk iSQlyk lquk;k x;kA Hkxr flag] jktxq#] lq[knso dks iQkalhdh ltk lqukbZ xbZA cVqds'oj nk dks vkthou dkjkokl lqukvaMeku Hkst fn;k x;kA 23 ekpZ] 1931 dks jkf=k 9 ctdj30 feuV ij Hkxr] lq[knso] jktxq# dks iQkalh ns nh xbZA iwjk

okrkoj.k 'kksdkdqy gks x;kA vkx dh rjg ;g [kcj lkjsfgUnqLrku esa iSQy xbZ] lSdM+ksa&gtkjksa dh la[;k esa yksx lM+dij vk x;sA dbZ fnuksa rd 'kgj esa jks'kuh ugha gqbZA gj uj&ukjh,oa vcks/ ckydksa dh tqcku ij gj okQ ,d gh uke jgrk

FkkA 'kghns vkte Hkxr flagA Hkxr ds bldne us Hkkjrh; ;qokvksa esa rks ekuks vktknhizkIr djus dk u;k tTck Hkj fn;kA'kghnksadh fprkvksa ij yxsaxs] gj cjl esys] oru ij ejus okyksa dk] ;gh ckdh;gha fu'kk gksxkA

ns'kiz se dh Hkkoukvks a ls vksrizks r ,d rfey xhr ds vuqlkj Hkxr fla g fdlheuq "; dk ughacfYd ,d bUdykc dkuke gSA Hkxr flag ,d ys[kd Hkh FksA tsyesa Hkh os Mk;jh fy[kk djrs FksA ts y esamUgksaus bruh T;knk fdrkcsaeaxokbZ fd tsyvf/dkjh ls alj djrs&djrs Fkd x;sA ,d

c;ku esamUgksaus dgk gS fd&^Hkkjr dhxjhch dk dkj.k fuj{kjrk gSA V Sxksj] dkyZ ekDlZ vkS j ys fyu mudks cgqr fiz ; FksA

cMZLcFkZ] Vsuhlu] g;wxks a rFkk foDVj mudsila nhnk ys[kd FksA iQkalh okys fnu Hkhmuds gkFk esaysfyu dh ,d iqLrd FkhA

fgUnh i=kdkj ds :i esadbZlekpkji=kksa esa ;s ys[k fy[krs jgsA ôhj vtqZu* esa muds ka frdkjh ys[k izk;% izdkf'kr gksrsjgrs FksA iatkch rks Hkxr flag dh ekrHkk"kkFkhA 1925 esa^dhfrZ* uked iatkch if=kdk

dh 'kq:vkr bUgksaus dh FkhA blds ckn esamnwZesaHkh izdk'ku fd;k x;k FkkA caxkyh

Hkk"kk bUgksa us cVqds 'oj nk ls lh[kh FkhAvaxz sth Hkk"kk ij Hkh mudk iw.kZvf/dkj

FkkA

Hkxr flag dk izHkko nwljs ys[kdksa ij Hkh iM+kA eqa'khizsepan ij Hkxr flag ygj dh Nki ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA mufnuksa izsepan viuk izfl miU;kl ^deZHkwfe* fy[k jgs FksAbl miU;kl ds ik=kksa ij Hkxr flag ds fopkjksa vkSj fparu dkizHkko Hkh Li"V utj vkrk gSA mnwZ ds egku dFkkdkj lkvknrglu eUVks us vius ?kj esa Hkxr flag dh ewfrZ j[kh FkhA mudhu;h jpukvksa ds os gh izsj.kk&ksr jgs gSaA iatkch lkfgR; esa

Hkxr flag vkSj mudh 'kgknr dks vknj.kh; LFkku izkIr gSAHkxr flag ,d ,sls kafrdkjh gSa tks lhf


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leySafxdrk vkkqfud izxfrokn dh igpku gS A leySafxdrkds lEcU/ esaHkh tc rFkkdfFkr izxfroknh yksxksaus leySafxdrkdks oS /kfud ekU;rk iznku djkus ds fy, fnYyh mPp U;k;ky;esadsl nk;j fd;k rks mlds leFkZu esagLrk{kj djus okys yksxksaesa vusd cqfthfo;ksa ds lkFk ,d lU;klh us Hkh gLrk{kj fd,FksA

tks Lo;adks uSfrd vkSj /kfeZd le>rs gSa] mUgsa Lej.kj[kuk pkfg, fd vf/dka'k dkuwuksadk ykHk cqjs yksx mBkrs gSavkSj vPNs yksx vlaxfBr gksus o mis{kk Hkko j[kus ds dkj.k gkjtkrs gSa] fiNM+ tkrs gSavkSj gkfu mBkrs gSaA blds lEcU/ esa

d'ehj] iatkc] vklke] xqtjkr vkfn LFkkuksaij gq, ekuokf/dkjlaca/h ?kVukvksadks tksM+dj ns[kk tk ldrk gSA bl okn esaHkhtks vkt fu.kZ; ds fojks/ esa cksy jgs gSa] tqywl fudky dj?kVuk dk fojks/ dj jgs gSa D;k mUgsabl okn dks U;k;ky; esaughayM+uk pkfg,] ijUrqbl rjg dk fopkj djus okyk mudkdksbZlaxBu ugha gSA bl dkj.k fu.kZ; vkus ds ckn budh uhan[kqyrh gS] ifj.kkeLo:i vPNs fopkj vkSj vPNs yksxksadhyM+kbZcqjs yksxksa ds eqdkcys detksj iM+ tkrh gSA

;gk rhljh ckr tks bl okn ls lEcU/ j[krh gS] og blokn dk vkfFkZd i{k gS ftldh yksx vutkus ;k tkucw>djvuns[kh dj jgs gSaA ,d le>nkj vkneh vPNs dke ds uke ijjksVh] diM+s dh dher ij vPNs fopkj rks ns ldrk gS ijUrqeqdn~nes yM+uk] odhy djuk] gokbZ tgkt dh ;k=kk djuk]ikap flrkjk gksVy esajguk] ;s lc dke fdruk Hkh vPNkvkneh fcuk iSls ughadj ldrk] vPNs vkneh dks iSlk dkSunsxk\ lalkj esa fdlh dks Hkh dqN Hkh rks eqr ugha feyrk] gjlqfokk dk ewY; pqdkuk iM+rk gS A blfy, vPNh laLFkk;saftlvPNs dke dh yM+kbZyM+ jgh gSa] mlds fy, dkSu iSlk ns jgk

gS] mudk bu laLFkkvksa ls D;k ykHk tqM+k gqvk gSA uCcs izfr'krbl izdkj dh laLFkk;sa iwathifr;ksa] m|ksxifr;ksa] ljdkjksads iSlsij pyrh gSavkSj ;s yksx vius fgr vkSj ykHk ds fcuk dksbZiSlkD;ksa [kpZdjsaxsA ;g i{k Hkh bl okn esafo'ks"k ego j[krk gSA

bl okn esalcls eq[; fcUnq ,M~l dh jksdFkke dk gSA,M~l dh jksdFkke jksx ls yM+kbZds LFkku ij jksdFkke ds ukeij lk/uksadh fch dk eq[; gSA ;g yM+kbZ,M~l dh nok]

d.Mkse] batsD'ku cukus okys m|ksxksa vkSj m|ksxifr;ksadh gS tks

lektlsoh laLFkkvksa ds ek;e ls yM+h tk jgh gS] ;s laLFkk,a,M~l ds dkj.kksals nwj jguk ughafl[kkrh vfirq mu dkeksa dksdjrs gq, ,M~l ls dSls cp ldrs gSao muds lk/uksals ifjfprdjkrh gSaA ;g /eZ ugha] lsok ugha] 'kq O;kikj gSA ;gh gkylSDl ,tqds'ku ds uke ij gksus okys dke dk gSA lSDl dkegRo mi;ksfxrk fl[kkus ds LFkku ij lSDl dk nq#i;ksx djusds lk/uksadk ifjp; djkuk bu vkUnksyuksadk eq[; mn~ns'; gS Abl izdkj leySafxdrk dks kafrdkjh dne] izxfr'khyrk crkukvius vki dks ew[kZcukuk gSA

tgkrd U;k;ky; dk fopkj gS mlesa U;k;ky; dk lEekudjrs gq, ;g dguk vko';d gS fu.kZ; eas dqN Hkh ,slk ugha gStks u;k gks vkSj leySafxdrk ds vkSfpR; dks iq"V djrk gksAU;k;ky; dh Hkh ,d lhek gksrh gS og ml nk;js ds vUnj ghfopkj dj ldrk gS vkSj fu.kZ; ns ldrk gSA U;k;ky; ds lkeusO;fDrxr Lora=krk] ekuokf/dkj] leku vf/dkj tSls lafo/kuds Lohdr 'kCn gSaftudks vk/kj ekudj fu.kZ; fn;k x;k gSijUrq i{k us vius leFkZu esa tks rdZ vkSj rF; fn;s os cgqrdetksj vkSj nwljs dks le>kus dk lkeF;Z ughaj[krs dsoy

vkRerqf"V iznku djrs gSaA

leyS afxdrk ds leFkZdksadk ekuuk gS fd ;g O;ogkjtUetkr vkSj LokHkkfod gS A gesabl ckr dk ;ku j[kuk gksxkfd izFke rks ge euq"; gSanwljs ge lkekftd izk.kh gSaA gekjsvUnj tks dqN gS LokHkkfod rks gks ldrk gS ijUrq lkekftdughaA lalkj esa/eZ&v/eZ] vPNk&cqjk] uSfrd&vuSfrd lnk lsjgk gS vkSj lnk jgsxk ijUrqmldh Lohdk;Zrk O;fDr] ifjokj olekt ij iM+us okys izHkko vkSj ifj.kke ls vkadh tkrh gSAleySafxdrk gh D;ksa] fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dkefodfr lnk ls

gS] ijUrqmuds vfLrRo ls Lohdk;Zrk dk lh/k lEcU/ ughacurkA izkphu xaz Fkksa esapksjh dk mYys[k gS rks pksjh Lohdk;Zughagks ldrhA tc pksjh vkSj bZekunkjh nksuksagSarc nksuksaesaO;fDrvkSj lekt dk fgr ftlesagS mls /eZ vkSj dkuwu ekU;rk nsrsgSaA pksjh dsoy blfy, cqjh ckr ughagS fd mlls nwljs dh gkfugksrh gS vfirq blls vkRek dk iru Hkh gksrk gS vkSj pksjh djusdh izofk c


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Lohdk;Zekuasxs rks ?kj lekt esauSfrdrk dks ysdj ek] cgu]csVh ds fj'rksaesaD;k vUrj jg tk;sxk\ dke&'kfDr jpuk&'kfDrgksus ls mlesa lkeF;Zizdfr us iznku fd;k gS] euq"; dh cqfmldk lnqi;ksx djs ;g euq";rk gS u dj ik;s ;g nqcZyrk gSmls Js"Brk le>uk lUekxZdk voewY;u gSA

bl izofk dks tUetkr dgus okys 'kk;n Hkwy tkrs gSa fdik'pkR; nk'kZfud flXe.M izQk;M us foijhr fyaxh vkd"kZ.k dksLokHkkfod ekurs ekurs bruk LokHkkfod eku fy;k fd iq=kh dkfirk ds izfr rFkk iq=k dk ek ds izfr tks vkd"kZ.k gS ;g lsDldk ifj.kke gS A bls LokHkkfod ekudj D;k bl vkpj.k dks oS/Bgjk;k tk ldrk gS A euqdgrs gSa] lnkpkj dh lqj{kk lekt dhfuxjkuh ls gks ikrh gS] ugharks euq"; LoHkko ls dghard Hkhifrr gks ldrk gSA os dgrs gSaek&csVh&cgu ds lkFk Hkh euq";dks ,dkUrlsoh ugha gksuk pkfg, D;ksafd euq"; ds vkosx mlds

foosd ij Hkkjh iM+ ldrs gSaA vr% ;g dguk fd lkfgR; esa]/eZ esa] bfrgkl esa bl izdkj ds ys[kksao fp=kksa ds }kjk mnkgj.kfeyrs gSablfy, izkphu Hkkjr esa,slk gh gksrk Fkk ;g dgukdqrdZ vkSj gsRokHkkl gS] ,slk u djus dk Hkh mYys[k feyrk gSfiQj dkSulh ckr Lohdk;Zgksxh\ fdl ckr ij vfkd cyfn;k x;k gS\ tks ckr f'k"V lekt }kjk Lohdk;ZgS ogh ckriz;ksx esaykbZtk ldrh gS vU; ughaA blh izdkj gj fu;e dsviokn feyrs gSaijUrqviokn dks fu;e ughacuk;k tk ldrkA ;fn nq tZurks"k U;k; ls eku fy;k tk;s fd leySafxdrk

LokHkkfod gksus ls oS/ gS rks os';ko fk mlls Hkh vf/dLokHkkfod gS mls Hkh ekU;rk feyuh pkfg, vkSj leySafxdrkdks ekU;rk nsus ds ckn bldks ekU;rk u nsuk D;k lekurk dsvf/dkj dk mYya?ku ughagksxkA

D;k dsoy nks O;fDr dh ijLij lgefr ifjokj o lektdh e;kZnkvksa dks lekIr djus ds fy; i;kZIr gSA bl okn esa,d rdZfn;k x;k gS fd ;g dkuwu ,d vaxzst eSdkys }kjkcuk;k x;k gS A ;fn eSdkys ds xyr dkuwu dks bl ns'k ds fgrds fy, gVkuk t:jh gS rks dqN yk[k yksxksadh fpUrk NksM+ ,d

vjc ls vf/d yksxksa ds fgr esa eSdkys dh f'k{kk&ifr dksbl ns'k ls fudkyuk pkfg, ijUrqbl eqn~ns ij lc dks lkai lwa?ktkrk gSA ;fn eSdkys dk cuk;k dkuwu mlds bZlkbZ/eZekuusds dkj.k mfpr ugha gS rks bu /eksesa O;kIr /kfeZd :f


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&jktho nhf{kr

cgqjk"Vh; dEifu;ksa dh tM+sae;dky esa osful] vaxzst]Mp o kalhlh O;kikfj;ksa}kjk LFkkfir daifu;ksaesafeyrh gSaAizkphu lH;rk esaHkh O;kikfj;ksa }kjk nwljs ns'k esa tkdj O;kikjdjus ds mnkgj.k feyrs gSaA ns'k dh lhekvksa dks yka?kdj nwljsns'kksaesaO;kikj djus ds izek.k êslksiksVkfe;k lH;rk* ds le;ds ekStwn gSaA ysfdu ;g O;kikj eq[;r% LorU=k O;fDr;ksa}kjkgh fd;k tkrk FkkA O;kikjh lewg cukdj ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'kesa vius eky dh fch ds fy;s tkrs Fks] vkSj vko';drk dhoLrq;saogkals [kjhn dj ykrs FksA Hkkjr dk jkse ds lkFk O;kikj]Hkkjr dk cekZ] eyk;k (vc eysf'k;k)] phu vkfn ds lkFk

O;kikj blh Js.kh esa vkrk FkkA jkseu lkezkT; ds le; ikj&jk"Vh;O;kikj [kwc gksrk Fkk] ysfdu O;kikfj;ksa}kjk lkezkT; ds iru dsckn Hkkjr dk O;kikj phu ds lkFk 'kq: gqvkA eq[;r% nf{k.kHkkjr dk fgLlk phu ds lkFk O;kikfjd xfrfof/;ksaesa vf/d

layXu FkkA O;kikj ds bl Lo:i esa'kks"k.k dh dghadksbZ xqatkb'kugha Fkh vkSj u gh estcku o esgeku ns'kksads chp bl O;kikjdks ysdj dksbZ >xM+k gqvk djrk FkkA

vk/qfud cgqjk"V h; dEifu;ks a ds pfj=k okyh nqfu;k dh lcls igyh dEiuh ^n eLdksoh dEiuh* (The MuskoviCompany) ekuh tkrh gS ftldh LFkkiuk lu~ 1553 esagqbZFkhA

bl dEiuh us viuh LFkkiuk ds 3 o"kksZ a ckn gh nq fu;k dsegRoiw.kZ'kgjksaes a vius O;kikfjd izfr"Bku LFkkfir dj fy;sFksA lu~1553 ls 1581 rd êLdksoh dEiuh* us vdwr equkiQk

dek;k vkSj lu~1581 esa dEiuh ds vyecjnkjksa us ,d vkSjfo'kkydk; dEiuh ^n VdhZdEiuh* (The Turkey Company)dks LFkkfir dj fy;kA bl ^VdhZdEiuh* dh fo'ks"krk Fkh fdblus LFkkiuk ds le; gh nqfu;k ds egRoiw.kZuxjksaesavius ikoilkjsA ,slk ughaFkk fd 1553 ls lu~ 1581 ds chp nqfu;k esa fdlh vU; dEiuh dk tUe gh ughagqvkA vU; dbZ NksVhdEifu;klkeus vk;h ysfdu vf/d fnu rd py u ldhAvr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd lu~ 1553 ls lu~ 1581 rdêLdksoh dEiuh* dk O;kikfjd {ks=k es a ,dkf/dkj jgkAlu~1600 esabZLV bf.M;k dEiuh Hkkjr esaO;kikj djus ds

fy;s vk;hA gkykfd bl dEiuh dh LFkkiuk ,fytkcsFk izFkeds le; esagh gks pqdh Fkh] ysfdu bl dEiuh us cgqjk"Vh;pfj=k lu~ 1600 es a gh xz g.k fd;kA Hkkjr vkus ls iwoZ bldEiuh us nqfu;kds vU; fgLlksa esaHkh iSj tekus dh dksf'k'kdh Fkh ysfdu og liQy ughagks ldhA ml le; nf{k.k&iwoZ,f'k;k esavusd NksVh&eksVh Mp dEifu;k viuk O;kikj dj

jgha FkhA Hkkjr esa Hkh dqN Mp dEifu;ksadk izos'k gks pqdk FkkAbZLV bf.M;k dEiuh us lu~1612 esaMp dEifu;ksads lkFkvEcksfu;k (bUMksusf'k;k) esa,d ;q yM+k FkkA bl ;q esabZLV

bf.M;k dEiuh us ,d "kM~;U=k ds rgr Mp dEifu;ksads vf/dkfj;ksadh lkewfgd gR;k djok nhA lu~1667 ds vkrs&vkrsbZ LV bf.M;k dEiuh us Mp dEifu;ksadk ukeks&fu'kku feVkfn;kA lwjr ds cUnjxkg ij dCtk djus ds fy;s bZLV bf.M;kdEiuh us 1612 esaLokyh esaHkh ,d ;q yM+k ftlds cknlwjr ds cUnjxkg ij bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh dk iw.kZvf/dkj gksx;kA blds ckn gh bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh dk f'kdatk iwjs ns'k ij

dlrk pyk x;kAfczVsu dh vkS|ksfxd kafr ls iwoZ] lu~1670 esaLFkkfir ^n

gMlu cs dEiuh* (The Hudson Bay Company) lu~ 1672es a LFkkfir ^n jk;y vhdu dEiuh* (The Royal AfricanCompany) o 1711 esaLFkkfir ^n lkmFk lh dEiuh* (TheSouth Sea Company) vkfn fo'kkydk; cgqjk"Vh; dEifu;k

nqfu;k ds reke fgLlksaesaO;kikj dj jgh FkhAlu~1750 ds ckn dk nkSj fczVsu dh vkS|ksfxd kfUr dk

nkSj FkkA ftlds nkSjku mRiknu dh rduhd esa vkewy ifjorZuvk;kA lu~1600 ls 1750 ds chp vaxzsth dEiuh us] ftlesa

bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh Hkh 'kfey Fkh] vaxzstksa dks vdwr iwth dkekfyd cuk fn;kA Hkkjr o nf{k.k&iwoZ,f'k;k ds vU; ns'kksadk'kks"k.k djds vaxzsth cktkj esa iSls dk izokg vR;f/d c


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ek=k 50]000 ikm.M ls Hkkjr es a O;kikj 'kq: djus okyh bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh lu~ 1770 rd vkrs&vkrs Hkkjr ls20]00000 ikm.M ds cjkcj dk equkiQk izfro"kZdekrh FkhA lu~1860 rd dqN vkSj fo'kkydk; cgqjk"Vh; dEifu;k] tks

ewyr% fczVs u dh Fkh] nqfu;k esa viuh igpku cuk pqdh FkhAblesa ,suM;w ;wy ,.M dEiuh](Andrew Yul & Co.), esDykbV

,.M dEiuh(Maclite & Co.), cuZ,.M dEiuh] Madu ,.McznlZ dEiuh(Duncan And Brothers Company), vkDVsfo;lLVhy ,.M dEiuh(Octavious Steel & Company) fxykUMlZvcqZFkukV ,.M dEiuh (Gillanders Arbuthnot Company),

'kk okysl dEiuh(Shaw Wallace Company), ,slh cgqjk"Vh; dEifu;k Fkha] ftudh 50 ls vf/d dEifu;k nqfu;k dsfofHkUu fgLlksaesadk;Z dj jgh FkhaA bu fczfV'k dEifu;ksa ds ckjsesa,d egRoiw.kZrF; ;g gS fd ftu&ftu ns'kksa esa;s dEifu;kO;kikj djus ds fy;s x;h] mu ns'kksa esavaxzsth lkezkT; dk >aMk ygjk;k x;kA fczfV'k lkezkT; dh lhek;sa c


41/60


gSaA muds Lo;a ds 'kCnksa esa &vesfjdk us ;wjksi dks jkSan fn;kgS] viuh iQkSatksa ls ugha cfYd dEifu;ksa }kjk RkS;kj mRiknksa lsAbu dEifu;ksa ds dIrku vkt ;wjksi ds HkkX; fo/krk cu cSBsgSaA ftUgksaus eSfM+M ls ysdj lsaV~l ihVjcxZ rd yksxksas ds nSfudthou dks viuh fxjr esa ys fy;k gSA bu vkrrk;h dEifu;ksads lkeus vc dqN Hkh lqjf{kr ugha jg x;k gSA gekjs MkbZoj

vesfjdh xkfM+;ksa dh xksn esa cSBus dks csrkc gSaA gekjs cPpsvc vesfjdh Hkkstu ij iy jgs gSa vkSj gekjs cqtqxZ Hkh vcvesfjdh rkcwrksa esa niQuk;sa tk jgs gSaA vesfjdh dEifu;ksa

}kjk cus lkekuksa dh ck


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vFkkf/yksde~A i` fFkoh iwoZ:ie~A |kS#kj:ie~Avkdk'k% la f/%A ok;q% la/kue~A bR;f/yksde~AA2AA

yksd esaegk&lfU/;kaD;k gSa\ tSls o.kksesa,d îwoZ* o.kZgksrk gS] ,d ^mkj* o.kZgksrk gS] bu o.kksesavodk'k vFkkZr~^lfU/* gks ldrh gS] vkSj ;g vodk'k fdlh v{kj ls iwjk dj

fn;k tkrk gS] ftls ^lU/ku* dgrs gSa] oSls yksdksaesa î`fFkoh*iwoZ&:i gS] ^|kS* mkj&:i gS] ^vkdk'k* lfU/ gS] ôk;q*lUkku gS] ifFkoh vkSj |q dks feykus okyk gS] budh lafgrk djus okyk gSA o.kks dh lafgrk dh rjg ;g yksdksa dhegk&lafgrk gSA ;s yksd ekuks ,d&,d o.kZ gSaA tSls fHkUu&fHkUu

o.kksdh lfU/ ls ,d vfHkUu 'kCn mRiUu gksrk gS] oSls bufHkUu&fHkUu yksd&:ih o.kksdh egklfU/ ls vfHkUu cz&KkumRiUu gks tkrk gSAA2AA

vFkkf/T;kSfr"ke~A vfXu% iwoZ:ie~A vkfnR; mkj:ie~Avki% laf/%A oS|rq% la/kue~A bR;f/T;kSfr"ke~AA3AA

T;ks fr"k esaegk&lfU/;kaD;k gSa\ izdk'k dk vkfn&dkj.k^vfXu* gS] izdk'k dh pje&lhek ^vkfnR;* gS] vr% ^vfXu*

iwoZ&:i gS] vkfnR;* mkj&:i gSA vfXu vkSj vkfnR; tc rirsgSa] rks buds esy ls ty mRiUu gksrk gS] rHkh ?kksj xzh"e ds ckno"kkZ vkrh gS] blfy;s ^ty* lfU/ gSA ty dh vfHkO;fDrfo|qr~ ls gksrh gS] vr% ^fo|qr* lU/ku gSA o.kks dh lafgrk dh

rjg ;g T;ksfreZ; fiaMks a dh egk&lafgrk gSA ;s T;ksfr"k&fi.Mekuks ,d&,d o.kZ gSa] tSls fHkUu&fHkUu o.kks dh lfU/ ls ,dvfHkUu v{kj mRiUu gksrk gS] oSls vfXu] vkfnR;] ty]

fo|qr~&bu fHkUu&fHkUu fiaMksa dh lfU/ ls] budh egk&lafgrk lsvfHkUu cz&Kku mRiUu gksrk gSAA3AA

vFkkf/fo|e~A vkpk;Z% iwoZ:ie~A vUrsokL;qkj:ie~A fo|k la f/%A izopu~ la/kue~A bR;kf/fo|e~AA4AA

fo|k esa egk&lfU/;ka D;k gSa\ fo|k dk mn~xe&LFkku^vkpk;Z* gS] fo|k dk y{; f'k"; gS] ^vUrs oklh* gS] vr%^vkpk;Z* iwoZ&:i gS] ^vUrsoklh*] vFkkZr~ f'k"; mkj&:i gSA

xq#&f'k"; dk esy fo|k }kjk gksrk gS] vr% ^fo|k* lfU/ gS]fo|k dh vfHkO;fDr îzopu* ls gksrh gS] vr% îzopu* lUkkugSA o.kks dh lafgrk dh rjg ;g fo|k dh egk&lafgrk gSA fo|kds {ks=k vkpk;Z] vUrsoklh] fo|k rFkk izopu ekuks ,d&,d o.kZgSaA tSls fHkUu&fHkUu o.kksdh lfU/ ls ,d vfHkUu v{kj mRiUugksrk gS ] oSls vkpk;Z] vUrsoklh] fo|k rFkk izopu dh egk&lfU/ls] egk&lafgrk ls cz&Kku mRiUu gksrk gSAA4AA

vFkkf/izte~A ekrk iwoZ:ie~A firkskj:ie~Aiztk laf/%A iztuu~la/kue~A bR;f/izte~AA5AA

iztk esaegk&lfU/;kD;k gS\ êkrk* iwoZ&:i gS] ^firk*mkj&:i gS] iztk* lfU/ gS ] iztuu* lU/ku gS A ;s egk&lafgrk,alc&dh&lc czKku dk gh mins'k dj jgh gaSAA5AA

vFkk;kRee~A v/jk guq% iwoZ:ie~A mkjk guq#kj:ie~Aokd~ la f/%A ftk la/kue~A bR;;kRee~AA6AA

vius vkRek esa vius 'kjhj esa egk&lfU/;k D;k gS\^desZfUnz;ka* iwoZ&:i gSa] ^KkusfUnz;ka* mkj&:i gSa] desZfUnz;ksa rFkk

KkusfUnz;ksa ds chp esa ôk.kh* gS] ;g lfU/ gS] ftk }kjk ok.khvfHkO;Dr ftk dk leUo;] budh egk&lafgrk cz&Kku dk

mins'k dj jgh gSAA6AA

brhek egkla fgrk%A ; ,oesrk egkla fgrk O;k[;krk osnAla/h;rs izt;k i'kqfHk%A czopZlsukUuk|su lqoX;sZ.k yksdsuAA7AAlalkj esa lc txg lafgrk* gS] leUo; gS] gj&,d oLrqdk

,slk esy&tksy gS tSls os ,d&nwljs ds fy;s gh x


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&Lokeh jkenso

fufekeiz;kstda izrhukaoj.kHksnLrqrr% {ksf=kdor~AA3AA'kCnkFkZ fufeke~ flf;ksadk fufek vFkkZr~;ksxkaxksadkvuq"Bku viz;kstde~izdrhuke~ iz;kstd vFkkZr~izsjd ughagS

miknku roks a dh vkiwfrZdk] oj.kHksn% rq rr% ck/k dkfuokj.k rks gksrk gS ml ;ksxkuq"Bku ls] {ksf=kdor~ fdlku dslekuAlw=kkFkZflf;ksadk fufek vFkkZr~;ksxksa dk vuq"Bku miknkuroksadh vkiwfrZdk iz;kstd vFkkZr~izsjd ughagS] cfYd ml;ksxkuq"Bku ds }kjk vkiwfrZfo"k;d ck/k dk fuokj.k rks gksrk gS]fdlku ds lekuA

HkkokFkZ ;ku] /kj.kk vkfn ;ksxksa ds vuq"Bku ds }kjkijfpkKku vkfn flf;ksadk gksuk lk{kkr~ ns[kk tkrk gSA blls ;ksxkuq"Bkudh flf;ksa ds vkfoHkkZ o esa fufekrk fl gSAiwoZlw=k esacrk;k x;k gS fd flf;ksadk vkfoHkkZo rRlacakhdj.kesamiknku roks a dh visf{kr iwfrZ gks tkus ls gksrk gSA ,slhfLFkfr esa LokHkkfod ftKklk gksrh gS fd flf;ksadk fufek;ks xkuq"Bku flflEcU/h dj.k es a visf{kr vkiwfrZ izk;ksftrdjrk gS ;k og vkiwj.k esacuh jgh #dkoV dk fujkdj.kek=kdjrk gS\ bldk mkj lw=kdkj us fn;k gS fd vkiwj.k es a cu jgh #dkoVks a dk fujkdj.kek=k djrk gS] fdlku ds lekuA

dSls\ tSls fdlku dks [ksr dh ftl D;kjh esaikuh nsuk gksrkgS] og ml [ksr dh esM+ dks ,d txg ls FkksM+k rksM+ nsrk gS]ftlls ihNs ls izokgeku ikuh ml D;kjh esaLor% gh Hkj tkrk gSA Bhd blh izdkj ;gkHkh ;ks xkuq"Bku miknku roksadhvkiwfrZ esacuh jtksxq.k] reksxq.k vkfn dh ck/kvksadks gVk ek=k

nsrk gS] muds gV tkus ls miknku roksadk dj.kksa esavkiwj.kLor% gh gks tkrk gSAlw=kHkwfedkgj fo"k; ds foKku dh izkjfEHkd o mPpf'k[kjh;voLFkk, gksrh gSaA tc jsfM+;ks] VsifjdkMZj vkfn dk vkfo"dkj

gqvk] og bySDVksfudh ds fodkl dh vkjfEHkd voLFkk Fkh]vkt tc lsVsykbV ls tqM+s lqij&dEI;wVj vkfn dk vkfo"dkj

gks pq dk gS] ;g bySDVks fudh ds fodkl dh mPpf'k[kjh;voLFkk gSA tc jsfM;kss ek=k dk vkfo"dkj gqvk Fkk] ml dky

es a ;fn fdlh iq Lrd esalsVsykbV ls tqM+s lqij&dEI;wVj]bUVjus V vkfn fo"k;d dksbZ o.kZ u fdlh iqLrd esafy[kkfeys] rks mls u rks lR; dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh vlR;AfcYdq y ,s lh gh fLFkfr vkt ;ks xfoKku dh gS] ;ks x dhxos"k.kk djus okys O;fDr ;ksx dh vHkh vkjfEHkd lhf


44/60


oS'kk[k & 17

vkpk;ZvHk;nso fo|kyadkj

;q }kjk ijekRek dk cU/qRo

&- 8@21@13_ vFkoZ- 20@114@1

f"k% &dk.o% lksHkfj%AAnsork&bUnz%AA NUn%&fup`nqf".kd~AA

'kCnkFkZ & bUnzgs ijes'oj!Roe~rqetuq"kktUe ls gh] LoHkko ls ghvHkzkrO;%'k=kq&jfgrvukfi%cUkq&jfgr

vukfu;Ur&jfgrvflgks]lukr~rqe lukru gks] lukru ls gh ,sls gks] ij rqe;qkk;q }kjkbr~ghvkfiRoe~cU/qRo dksbPNlspkgrs gksA

fou; &gs ijes'oj! rqEgkjs fy, u dksbZ 'k=kqgS vkSj u dksbZ cU/qgSA rqe ftl mPp Lo:i esajgrs gks

ogk 'k=kqrk vkSj cU/qrk dk dqN vFkZgh ughaA rqEgkjs fy, dksbZuk;d ;k fu;Urk Hkh dSls gks ldrk gS\ rqEgha

,dek=k lc txr~ ds fu;Urk gks ] usrk gksA rqe tUe ls LoHkko ls gh ,sls gksA ^tuq"kk* dk ;g rkRi;Zughafd

rqEgkjk dHkh tUe gksrk gSA rqe rks lukru gks] lukru :i ls gh 'k=kqjfgr vkSj cU/qjfgr gks] ij fufyZIr gksrs

gq, Hkh rqe gekjs cU/qRo (vkfiRo) dks pkgrs gks vkSj bl cU/qRo dks rqe ;q }kjk pkgrs gks] ;q }kjk gh

pkgrs gksA vgk! dSlk lqUnj vk;kstu gS! rqe pkgrs gks fd lalkj ds lc izk.kh lkalkfjd ;q djdss gh ,d

fnu rqEgkjs cU/qcu tk,] rqEgkjs cU/qRo dk lk{kkRdkj dj ysaA lpeqp fcuk yM+kbZ ds feyh lqyg] fcuk l"kZds feyh izhfr] fcuk laxzke ds feyh eS=kh uhjl gS] iQhdh gS] vokLrfod gS] mldk dqN ewY; ughagSA cUkqrk

rks vcU/qrk dh] yM+kbZ dh lkis{krk esa gh vuqHkwr dh tk ldrh gSA blhfy, gs esjs txnh'oj! eq>s vc le>

esavkrk gS fd rqe dY;k.kLo:i gksrs gq, Hkh bl vius txr~es a nq%[k] nnZ] nkfjnz] jksx] Dys'k] vkifk]

my>u vkfn dks D;ks a mRiUu gksus fn;k gSA vc le> esavkrk gS fd rqeus bu dfBukb;ksadks [kM+k djds

izkf.k;ksa ds thou dks fujUrj ;qe;] la"kZe; D;ksa cuk;k gSA lpeqp] ;g lc&dqN rqeus blhfy, fd;k gS

fd ge bu ck/kvksadks thrdj] bu dfBukb;ksa] my>uksadks ikj djds rsjs cU/qRo ds jlkLoknu ds ;ksX; cu

tk,A rwrks vc Hkh gekjk cUkq gSA gees a ls tks rsjs nzksgh dgs tkrs gSa] tks ukfLrd gS a&mudk Hkh rw lnSo

,d&leku cU/qgS (vkSj okLro esafdlh dk Hkh cU/q;k 'k=kqugha gS) rks Hkh rsjh ml cU/qrk dk vuqHko&rq>s

cU/q&:i ls ik ysus dk ijekuUn&gesa rHkh fey ldrk gS tc ge lalkj ds bl ije fodV ;q dks fot;

djds rsjs ikl vk igqpsA rwpkgrk gS fd vkt tks rq>ls cgqr nwj gS] rsjk dV~Vj }s"kh gS] og ;q djds ,d

fnu rsjk mruk gh utnhdh vkSj mruk gh dV~Vj cU/qcu tk,] vr% vc eS a rsjs cU/qRo dks ikus ds lej

esagh dej dls [kM+k gqvk vius dks ikrk gw] ftruh ckj e:xk blh lej dh ;qHkwfe esae:xk vkSj vUr

esarsjs cU/qRo dks ikdj gh ne ywxkA ;gh rsjh bPNk gS] ;gh rsjh eq>ls izsee; bPNk gSA

vHkzkrO;ks vuk RoeukAfifjUnz tuq"kk

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&izks- pUnz izdk'k vk;Z

Hkk jr 1947 esa Lora =k gqvk vkSj1950 esabldk lafo/ku cukA lafo/ku esa

fgUnh dks jktHkk"kk dk LFkku fn;k x;k FkkA rc ls ysdj vkt rd fgUnh dksjktHkk"kk@jk"VHkk"kk cukus dk iz;kl tkjh gS]fdUrqge bleas vHkh rd liQy ughagksik, gSaA ljdkjh dkedkt rFkk iz'kklu lsysdj futh {ks=kksaesavaxzsth dk ckgqY; gSA mPprj f'k{kk] foKku] rduhdh izca/u]fpfdRlk] bathfu;jh rFkk izkS|ksfxdh vkfn{ks=kksaesavaxzsth dk opZLo gSA ;|fi ns'k dh

leLr lkekftd] /kfeZd ,oajktuhfrd

xfrfof/;ka fgUnh ,oa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksaesalapkfyr gksrh gSafiQj Hkh ns'k ij vaxzsthgkoh gSA

izfro"kZ ns 'k esas fofHkUu laLFkkvksa rFkklaxBuksa}kjk fgUnh ds miy{; esavusdvk;kstu fd;s tkrs gSaA muesaeq[; eqn~nk

;gh gksrk gS fd fgUnh dks jktHkk"kk ds :iesafofHkUu {ks=kksaesadSls ykxwfd;k tk,AflrEcj ds nwljs i[kokM+s ls ysdj vDVwcjds izFke i[kokM+s rd fgUnh fnol] fgUnhlIrkg] fgUnh i[kokM+k] fgUnh ekl euk;stkrs gSaA muesa;gh ppkZgksrh gS fd fgUnhdk vf/dkf/d iz;ks x dSls fd;k tk,\lekpkj i=kksaesaHkh bu fnuksa;g ppkZgksrhgSA fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu iz;kx@bykgkckn }kjk Hkh fiNys dbZ o"kksZ ls ;gh eqn~nk mBk;k tk jgk gSA lEesyu }kjk 13&14 flrEcj 2004 dks tEewesa fgUnh fnol lekjksg dk vk;ks tu fd;k x;kA blh

izdkj 2007 rd lEesyu }kjk vk;ksftr fofHkUu xksf"B;ksa] lekjksgksa rFkk okf"kZd

lEesyuksaesa;gh eqn~nk mBk;k tkrk jgk gSAlEes yu }kjk 24&25 tw u 2007 dks

dVd (mM+hlk) ls lEiUu lEHkk"kk ifj"kn~esa Hkh orZ eku esa fgUnh dh fLFkfr ijfopkj fd;k x;kA jktHkk"kk la?k"kZlfefr(jft0) fnYyh&85 }kjk vizSy@ebZ2005

esa ns'k ds fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkxksa es a fgUnhfucU/ ,oaHkk"k.k izfr;ksfxrkvksadk vk;kstufd;k x;kA blesayxHkx 3000 Nk=k&Nk=kkvksaus Hkkx fy;kA ftldk ikfjrks f"kd forj.k

lekjksg 31 tqykbZ] 2005 dks fgUnh Hkou(ubZ fnYyh) es a lEiUu gqvkA bu

izfr;ksfxrkvksaesa fo"k; Fks & (1) dk'k!ge dkWystks esa Hkh foKku vkS j rduhdhf'k{kk fgUnh esaizkIr djrs! (2) oksV ekaxss fgUnh esa] laln esa cksys vaxzs th esa (3)turk dh ljdkj turk ls turk dh Hkk"kkesaO;ogkj djsa] fons'kh Hkk"kk esaugha(4)viuh Hkk"kkvksa ds O;ogkj ls gh ns'k

fodflr gksrs gSa(5) lc cPpksadks igyhd{kk ls gh vaxzsth dh i


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rFkk ogkatkdj fgUnh dks fo'oHkk"kk@jk"Vla?kdh Hkk"kk ds :i esaekU;rk fnykus dh ckrdhA lkrokafo'o fgUnh lEesyu esaljdkjds izfrfuf/;ksa}kjk ;g ckr nksgjkbZxbZfd fgUnh dks la;q Dr jk"Vla ?k dh ,d Hkk"kkcuokus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj iw jk iz;kl

djsxhAfdUrqvius gh ns 'k esa jktdkt ,oa

iz'kklu esage fgUnh rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksadks mfpr LFkku nsus dks rS ;kj ughagSAfgUnh jktHkk"kk gksrs gq, Hkh vius gh ns'k esaijkbZgks jgh gSA vkt dEI;wVj rFkk baVjusV ij fgUnh ,oaHkkjrh; Hkk"kkvkas dh Hkkjhvis{kk gks jgh gSA bldk dkj.k gS vaxzsthAvaxzsth ds dkj.k fgUnh rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa

dk fodkl :d x;k gSA vaxzsth ds dkj.k

ge lkfgR;] foKku rFkk fpfdRlk vkfn{ks=kksaesadksbZekSfyd dk;Zughadj ik, gSaA

vc rd fdrus lkfgR;dkj geus vaxzsthesaiSnk fd, gSa\ eqYdjkt vkuan] vkj-ds- ukjk;.k vkfn nks&pkj gh feysaxs tcfdvaxzsth fiNys 200 o"kksls ns'k esafujarj

tkjh gS\ fdrus oSKkfud geus vaxzsth esaiSnk fd, gSa\ lh-oh- jeu ds ckn fdrusukscsy iqjLdkj geus foKku esaizkIr fd,gSa\ bruh cM+h tula[;k okys jk"V ds fy,

D;k ;g fpark dk fo"k; ughagS\ ekSfydys [ku ,oavuqla/ku viuh Hkk"kkvksa rFkkjk"VHkk"kk esagksrk gS] fdlh fons'kh ;k ckgjdh Hkk"kk esa ughaA D;k :l esa] phu esavFkok izQkal esaekSfyd@lkfgR; ys[ku ,oavuqla/ku vaxzs th esa gks rk gS\ vaxzs th ls

gekjh viuh Hkk"kkvksadk] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dk fodkl ughagks ldrk gSA Hkkjrh;Hkk"kk,a,oafgUnh bl vaxzsth dh jktuhfr

dk f'kdkj gks xbZgSA

vaxzsth ds dkj.k ns'k dh turk ,d&nwljsls dV xbZgS D;ksa fd ns'k dh vf/dka'kturk 95 iQhlnh ls vf/d yksx vaxzsth ugha tkursA lekpkj&i=k tulaidZ dkegRoiw.kZlk/u gSafdrus vaxzsth ds v[kckjns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksaesai


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fo t;kn'keh dk fnu fgUnqvksa dk ,d ifo=k fnu gS]D;ksafd blh 'kqHk eqgwrZesae;kZnk iq#"kkske jke us fot; ;k=kk dh

Fkh vkSj dqN le; esagh yadkifr jko.k dk o/ dj vla[;izkf.k;ksadks mlds vR;kpkjksals eqDr fd;k FkkA jke dh ;g fot;/eZdh v/eZij viwoZfot; FkhA jke us jko.k dk jkT; Nhuus

ds fy, yadk ij p


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f"k;ksa] lUrksa] fo}kuksa vkS j fopkjdks a dh Hkw fe Hkkjrftlus lalkjkuy ls nX/ ekuo&ek=k dks viuh ve`r of"kZ.khok.kh ds }kjk 'kksdeqDr gh ughafd;k] oju~mldks thou dkjgL; vkSj mn~ns'; crkdj ije dY;k.k dk ekxZiz'kLr fd;k] ftUgksaus vius vk;kfRed Kku dks Jqfr;ksa rFkk "kM~n'kZuksa(lka[;&;ksx] U;k;&oS'ksf"kd ehekalk vkSj osnkUr) ds ek;e ls

ekuoh; izofk;ksadks la;fer dj lfPpnkuUn dh izkfIr dk Js;ekxZ fn[kkdj tu&tu dk dY;k.k fd;k] ,sls yksdksidkjh]bZ'ojkuqjkxh] vk;kfRed Jh lEiUu f"k;ksadh vuUr dìk dks

izkIr dj ;g laiw.kZ fo'o vuUr dky rd vkReks kj ,oavkRedY;k.k ds ekxZ ij py ldsxkA^;ksxn'kZ u* ds iz.ks rk egf"kZiratfy ;ksxn'kZ u dk izkjEHk

djrs gq, fy[krs gSa&^^vFk ;ksxkuq'kklue~A**

vFkkZr~vkRecks/ ds bPNqd O;fDr;ksads fy, bl 'kkL=k dkvkjEHk fd;k tkrk gSA ;ksxn'kZu dk ;g lw=k loZizFke ^vuq'kklu*vFkkZr~eu] opu vkSj deZds lkeatL; oxZdh vksj ladsr djrk

gSA eu gh lkalkfjd cU/uksavkSj Dys'kksadk dkj.k gSA eu dhpapyrk vkSj fo"k;ksiyC/rk dks fLFkj fd, fcuk ;ksx ds ekxZijpyuk vR;Ur nq#g dk;ZgSA egf"kZblds lek/ku gsrqfy[krs gSa&

^^;ksxkf'pko` fk fujks/%A**fpkòfk;ksadks muds fo"k;ksa ls gVk ysuk (fujks/) gh ;ksx

gSA ijUrq ;g lkekU; dk;Zugha] oju~ vR;Ur nq#g dk;Z gSablgsrq f"k iqu% lek/ku izLrqr djrs gq, fy[krs gsa&

^^vH;kl oSjkX;kH;ka rfUrjks/%A**vFkkZr~fpko`fk dks lkalkfjd fo"k;ksals jksdus gsrqvH;kl

vkSj oSjkX; dh furkUr vko';drk gS A lrr~ vH;kl gh fpkofkfujks/ dk ,dek=k lksiku gSA euq"; dk eu cM+k papy vkSjizeFku LoHkko okyk gS] tks mls ckj&ckj lkalkfjd fo"k;ksa dhvksj vxzlj djrk gSA bfUnz;k eu dks gj ysrha gSaA eku&vieku]

jkx&}s "k] g"kZ&'kks d ls jfgr gks dj euq "; tc viuh lEiw.kZdkeukvksa dk ifjR;kx dj viuh fpkofk dks bZ'ojh; :i esafLFkj dj nsrk gS] rc og fLFkrizK gks tkrk gS vkSj ogh O;fDr;ksx dk vuq;k;h gks ldrk gSA Hkxoku d".k Jhen~Hkxon~xhrkesavtqZu dks mins'k nsrs gq, dgrs gSaA

^^;rrks fi dkSUrs ; iq#"kLe foif'pr%AbfUnz;kf.k izekFkhfu gjfr izlHka eu%AA** (2@60)vFkkZr~vkloZr dk uk'k u gksus ds dkj.k ;s papy LoHkko

okyh bfUnz;ka ;Ru djrs gq, cqfeku iq#"k ds eu dks cyiwoZdgj ysrh gSaA

rkfu lokZf.k la;E; ;qDr% vklhr~ eRij%Ao'ks fg eL;sfUnz;kf.k rL; izKk iz frf"BrkAA** (2@61)blfy, lk/d dks pkfg,] fd og mu lEiw.kZ bfUnz;ksadks

o'k esa djds lekfgr fpk gqvk esjs ijk;.k gksdj ;ku esa cSBs]D;ksafd bfUnz;ks a ds o'k esagksus ij gh cqf fLFkj gksrh gSaA

^êuks ukel~ dYifodYikfRedkUr% dj.kofkAvuqlU/kukfRedkUr% dj.k ofk fpke~A vu;ksjso

fpkgkj;ksUrHkfo%AA**osnkUr lkj ds vuqlkj la~dYi fodYi djus okyh vUr%dj.k

dh ofk dk uke eu rFkk vuqlaU/kukRed vUr%dj.k dh ofk dkuke fpk gSA bu nksuksads vUnj fpk vkSj vga~dkj dks ^fpk* dgrsgSaA ;g fpk ;k eu gh lkalkfjd Dys'kksadks Hkksxrk gSA vkRek ugha]D;ksa fd vkRek bu lcls vlai`Dr gSA oLrqr% fufoZdkj gksus dsdkj.k vkRek lq[k nq%[k dk vuqHko ughadjrh rFkk eu vkSj 'kjhjdh fHkUurk ls vyx ds ughaoLrqr% eu vkSj 'kjhj ls gksrs gSa]vkRek ds ughaA 'kkjhfjd nks"k rhu gSa&okr] fik vkSj diQA bu rhuksa

esalkE;koLFkk gksus ij 'kjhj LoLFk vkSj oS"kE; gksus ij vLoLFk gkstkrk gSA mlh izdkj eu ds nks"k gSa&jt vkSj reA ;s nksuksaeu dks

nwf"kr dj nsrs gSaA eu ds rhu izdkj gSa&'kq] jktl vkSj rkelA^'kq eu* dY;k.k dkjd vkSj nks"k jfgr gksrk gSA jktl* eu nks"k;qDr gksrk gS] D;ksafd blesanks"k dk va'k fo|eku gksrk gS A rkel*eu eksg;qDr gksus ds dkj.k nwf"kr gksrk gSA bu rhuksaesaHkh rt vkSjre ds ;ksx ls eu ds vla[; Hksn gks tkrs gSaA tSls&'kq] 'kqrj]'kqreA 'kjhj dh ;ksfu;ksads Hksn ls Hkh eu ds vufxur Hksn gkstkrs gSa] D;ksafd eu 'kjhj ds vuq#i gh gksrk gSA eu ds Hksn crkrsgq, egf"kZ^vk=ks;* fy[krs gSa&czk] f"k] bUnz] ;e] o#.k] dqcsjvkSj xU/oZ;s lkr izdkj ds ^'kq eu* gSaA vlqj] jk{kl] fi'kkp]

iszr] liZ] i{kh ;s N% izdkj ds ^jktl eu* gSarFkk i'kq] eNyhvkSj o{k ;s rhu izdkj ds ^rkel eu* gSaA f"k us euq"; dh

eukso`fk ds vk/kj ij mlds y{k.kksadks ;ku esaj[krs gq, eu dkoxhZdj.k fd;k gSA

ftl iz k.kh dh izo` fk ftruh 'kq] lkfRod] Lok;k; esaizo` k] bZ'ojkuqjkxh] foos dh] lr~vlr~ dk foospu djus esa leFkZ] es/k lEiUu] ipfodkjksa ls jfgr] ftrsfUnz; vkSjlR;&izfrK gS] og mruk gh ^'kqkRek* gS vkSj ftldh izofkNy&diV ;qDr] vlfg".kq] vHk{; Hk{k.k ;qDr] vkyL;] izeknjkx&}s"k ls ;qDr] dkeh] Hkh:] vifo=k] cgqks/h vkSj yksHkh gS

&MkW0 vi.kkZ ik.Ms;


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og mruk gh ^rkefld izo`fk* ;qDr gSAvr% egf"kZiratfy ds vuqlkj ^;ksxkuqlklue~* dk tks lw=k

loZizFke j[kk x;k gS] mldk dkj.k gh ;g gS] fd tc rdO;fDr dk eu {kqnz oklukvksavkSj LokFkksls ijs ughagV tkrk]rc rd og ;ksx dk vuqdj.k ughadj ldrkA Hkxoku d".kxhrk esa vtqZu ls dgrs gSa&

^^vkiw;Zek.kepyizfr"Ba] leqnzeki% izfo'kkfUr ;r~Ar}Rdkek ;aizfo'kkfUr losZ] l 'kkfUrekIuksfr u

dkedkehAA** (2@60)vFkkZr~tSls vusd ufn;ksads ty lc vkSj LFkkuksa ls vkdj

vpy izfr"Bk okys leqnz mls

yog sandesh september-09-( hindi )

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