wyoming practice stakeholder overview sion model · wyoming practice model what we have done...
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Wyoming Practice Model
Stakeholder Overview
Condensed Version
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What Is the Wyoming Practice Model?
Safety and Risk Assessments
Signs of Safety®
Trauma-Informed Practice
Partnership-Based Collaborative Practice
Solution-Focused Interviewing
Cultural Humility
Multicultural Process of Change
Appreciative Inquiry
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Contributions to this work
Andrew Turnell
Sonja Parker
CRC StaffSteve de Shazer
Insoo Kim BergRobSawyer
SueLohrbach
NickiWeld
SusieEssex
Valarie Batts
Child welfare professionals, families, and children across
the country
Karen Martin
Casey Family Programs
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Wyoming Practice Model Core Elements
GOOD WORKING RELATIONSHIPS• Solution-focused interviewing• Strategies for interviewing children
CRITICAL THINKING• Mapping• Safety and Risk assessments
ENHANCING SAFETY• Harm and danger statements• Well-formed goals• Building safety networks• Collaborative planning
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Three Questions That Organize the Practice
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"What are we worried about?"
Caseworkers Ask questions that reveal …
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"What is working well?"
Caseworkers Ask questions that reveal …
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Solution-Focused Interviewing to engage families in safety & case plans
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Why Solution-Focused Interviewing?
From multiple research studies:
The best outcomes for children and families occur when constructive working relationships exist
between families and professionals and between professionals themselves.
Good working relationships are the best predictor of good outcomes!
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Types of Solution Focused Questions
Exception Questions• Past history of
protection
Scaling • Danger/safety• Progress
Position Questions• Seeing through
other people's eyes
Coping• Skill at finding
solutions to difficulty
Preferred Future• Future goals
Cultural Humility
Cultural Humility
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Engaging Children in safety plans & case plans
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Two Practices for Working With Children
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Three Houses
Nicki Weld and Maggie Greening
Three Houses
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Safety House
Sonja Parker
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Safety Mapping to Engage Parents
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Safety Mapping Starts With the Three Questions
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Safety Mapping
What: Safety mapping is a process of gathering and organizing the information to reach joint understanding and agreement.
Why: Understanding, participation, and agreement between the family and the organization.
How: Can be used with the family to guide an assessment and planning conversation.
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Safety Mapping: Key Terms
Harm• Past actions by a caregiver that have hurt the child
physically, developmentally, or emotionally.» HARM IS ABOUT THE PAST
Danger• Credible worries/concerns child welfare and others in the
community have about actions the caregiver may take in the future that will harm that child.» DANGER IS ABOUT THE FUTURE
Risk• The resulting likelihood of repeated future harm.
» RISK GIVES US AN IDEA OF HOW WORRIED WE SHOULD BE ABOUT SOME DANGER ACTUALLY OCCURRING
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Safety is: Actions of protection taken by the caregiverthat mitigate the dangerand are demonstrated over time.
Initial source: Boffa, J., & Podestra, H. (2004). Partnership and risk assessment in child protection practice. Protecting Children, 19(2), 35–49. Adapted over time by Andrew Turnell and members of the Massachusetts Child Welfare Institute.
Safety
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Complicating Factors
• Anything that complicates the work with the family that is not direct harm.
• Warning signs, red flags, issues that make the provision of protection more difficult but in and of themselves are not direct dangers.
Mental illness, teenage parenting, poverty, low IQ
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Supporting Strengths
Skills of living, coping skills, or cultural/familial histories of recovery or support that are important but do not directly support the provision of protection.
Being organized, exercising, being good at sports/school
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Harm Statements
Harm statements are clear and specific statements about the harm or maltreatment experienced by the child.
Details allow everyone to be on the same page about the concerns.
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Harm Statements
It was reported that Cheryl turned on the gas in her kitchen while her children were home, flooding the home with toxic fumes, causing both herself and the children to pass out.
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Danger Statements
Simple behavioral statements of the specific worry we have concerning the child now and in the future.
Details to allow everyone to be on the same page about specific worries.
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Danger Statements
DFS and the doctors at the hospital are worried that Cheryl may try to hurt herself again in the future; that she might be seriously injured or die; and that the children could be very frightened, seriously injured, or left motherless.
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Safety Goals
Case Plan
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The “What” of Enhancing Safety
• Every case benefits from clear, well-formed goals that allow DFS to believe safety is sufficient to leave a child at home during future work or to close the case.
• Even if follow-through is achieved with the services, we might be no more reassured that the dangers have been addressed.
• Safety goals could be a part of the family service plan.
Specific for each family.
Safety/Case Plan Goals
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Safety Goals ______ will work with CPS and their safety network to develop a safety plan that will show everyone that:
(Descriptions of behaviors to address concerns)
CPS will need to see this safety plan in place and working continuously for at least ____ months so that everyone is confident the safety plan will keep working once the case is closed.
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Safety Goals
Cheryl will work with CPS and a network of family, friends, and providers to show everyone that she will always ask for help if sadness or depression start to get in the way of taking care of the girls or if she starts to think about hurting herself again. CPS will need to see this plan working continuously for nine months to feel like the plan will continue if they withdraw.
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Best practice for case/safety plans…
• Comprised of DETAILED action steps made in response to SPECIFIC, identified dangers (safety-organized plans)
• A process, not an event• Family-, network-, and child-friendly• A method for keeping children safe and a change
strategy• An aspiration, not a guarantee – and contain plans
for monitoring success
Good safety plans and case plans focus on creating guidelines that make contact between the children and the potential danger safe at all times.
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Engaging Families Early for Concurrent Planning
DFS policy requires “The concurrent plan be done simultaneously with the permanency goal and shall begin when the need for the
concurrent plan is determined and identified”.
Two Federal laws have influenced concurrent planning as practiced today: the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) (P.L. 105-89) and the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 (P.L. 110- 351). ASFA mandates shortened timelines for
achieving permanency for children in foster care and stipulates that efforts to place a child in an adoptive home or with a legal guardian
“could be made concurrently.”
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Guided by a Key Idea
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Guided by a Critical Question
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Bringing It All Together:Developing Plans and Action Steps
Case Plans & Safety Plans
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Danger Statements(What we are worried could happen without intervention)
Acts of Protection(Taken by the caregiver that mitigate the danger and are demonstrated over time)
Safety Goal(What we need to see in order to close the case – not services)
The action steps are what get us from the danger statement to the safety goal/case plan!
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Wyoming Practice ModelWhat we have done already?
• Introduced staff to the WPM concepts through a 2-day overview• Selected trainers for each region to train a series of 12 modules
to go deeper with each of the concepts• Webinar training for all new staff • Trained at DFS CORE
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Where do you see WPM?
● Case Plans● Safety Plans● Family Meetings● DFS Reports● MDTs
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Caseplans
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Wyoming Statute § 14-3-427(k)
The department shall develop a case plan for a child when there is a recommendation to place the child outside the home. If a parent chooses not to comply with or participate in the case plan developed by the department, that parent is prohibited from later objecting to or complaining about the services that were provided to the child and family.
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DFS Policy
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Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare ActFederal law requires the development of a written case plan for any child receiving foster care maintenance payments under title IV-E. The case plan must:➔ Be a written document that is developed with the parents;➔ Be developed no later than 60 days from removal;➔ Include a discussion of how the case plan is designed to achieve a safe
placement for the child;➔ Include a discussion of how the placement is consistent with the best
interests and special needs of the child;➔ Include a description of the services offered and provided; and➔ Document the steps to finalize a placement when the case plan goal becomes
something other than reunification.
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“H Children” Golden DissentThe statutory reasonable efforts requirement begins immediately upon the removal of a child from the home. The heart of reasonable efforts to reunify a family is a case plan, created with the cooperation and consultation of family members, DFS and an MDT. Although the juvenile court timely ordered an MDT to convene, no MDT was ever appointed or convened. More disturbingly, there is no indication that a case plan was ever created and adopted. Child specific case plans provide the juvenile court with a means to determine the appropriate goals for the family and gauge the progress of the family in achieving these goals, with reunification being the required result when safely and reasonably possible. Without a case plan and constant evaluation thereof, there are no concrete criteria by which a parent's behavior and progress can be measured. Ultimately, the lack of a case plan results in there being no means by which a parent can regain custody of his or her children. This result flies in the face of the constitutional dimension of the right to familial association and the language of the Child Protection Act.
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Case Plan As a Road Map
★ The case plan should be used to identify and solve problems.★ The case plan should prioritize areas of need.★ The case plan should be used to help a parent gauge their
progress.★ A case plan should assist a parent in taking ownership over moving
his or her case forward.★ A case plan should focus resources on the main problematic areas.★ The case plan should outline what a parent needs to do to close
out his or her case.★ A case plan should be a useful tool to the parties!
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Family Engagement
★ Family engagement occurs when family members are allowed to collaborate and partner with professionals as the experts on their own situation.
★ Families should be allowed to develop their own case plan goals.★ Case plan goals should take into account the culture, dynamics,
strengths and needs of the family.★ Families are more likely to commit to achieving case plan goals
when they are involved in developing the goals.
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SMART Case Plans
★ Specific★ Measurable★ Achievable★ Relevant★ Time-bound
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Specific
★ What do we want to accomplish?★ Why is it important?★ Who is involved?★ Where will we need to be?★ Which resources or limits are involved?
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Measurable
★ When will it beginning?★ When are certain steps to be completed by?★ How will I know when it is accomplished?
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Achievable
★ How can this goal be accomplished?★ How realistic is the goal based on constraints such as finances?★ How do we address those constraings?
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Relevant
★ Does this match the needs of safety for the family?★ Does the family have the necessary support to achieve the goal?★ Is it applicable to the socio-economic environment of the family?
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Time-Bound
★ When should the goal be achieved?★ Can the goal be broken down into smaller time frames?
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Turns out goal-setting doesn’t have to be about aspiring to what you want to be, so much as putting an end to what you don’t want to be.
-- Sarah Knight