wwii –the war in europe notebook pg. 90 · 02/05/2018 1 wwii –the war in europe unit 8 lesson 4...

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02/05/2018 1 WWII The War in Europe Unit 8 Lesson 4 Notebook Pg. 90 Hitler and the Holocaust Hitler wanted to reorganize Europe along racial lines Germans new ruling class, others slaves Others (Jews, Gypsies, Poles) exterminated Seen as inferior race Jews blamed for WWI and economic devastation after Deaths Jews: 6 million Soviet POWs: 3 million Polish: 1.8 million People with disabilities: 250,000 Roma (Gypsies): 196,000‐220,000 The Holocaust Anti‐Semitism prejudice against Jews Nuremberg Laws 1935: Loss of citizenship, can’t marry Germans, no voting, required more “Jewish” names, passport had red J 1936: can’t be teachers, journalists, farmers, or actors 1938: can’t be lawyers, doctors, or own a business From ghettos (had to wear a yellow Star of David) to concentration camps to extermination camps and the Final Solution Brought in cattle cars, heads shaved, sent into “showers”, then burned in large ovens Others works to death

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Page 1: WWII –The War in Europe Notebook Pg. 90 · 02/05/2018 1 WWII –The War in Europe Unit 8 Lesson 4 Notebook Pg. 90 Hitler and the Holocaust •Hitler wanted to reorganize Europe

02/05/2018

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WWII – The War in Europe

Unit 8 Lesson 4

Notebook Pg. 90

Hitler and the Holocaust

• Hitler wanted to reorganize Europe along racial lines

• Germans new ruling class, others slaves

• Others (Jews, Gypsies, Poles) exterminated

– Seen as inferior race

– Jews blamed for WWI and economic devastation after

– Deaths• Jews: 6 million

• Soviet POWs: 3 million

• Polish: 1.8 million

• People with disabilities: 250,000

• Roma (Gypsies): 196,000‐220,000

The Holocaust• Anti‐Semitism prejudice against Jews

• Nuremberg Laws– 1935: Loss of citizenship, can’t marry Germans, no voting,

required more “Jewish” names, passport had red J

– 1936: can’t be teachers, journalists, farmers, or actors

– 1938: can’t be lawyers, doctors, or own a business

• From ghettos (had to wear a yellow Star of David) to concentration camps to extermination camps and the Final Solution– Brought in cattle cars, heads shaved, sent into “showers”, then burned 

in large ovens

– Others works to death

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US Policy during the Holocaust

• Few concrete steps taken against Holocaust even when FDR received proof from Jewish leaders

• War Refuge Board

• Rejected plan to bomb Auschwitz

• Enormity of the crime not grasped until camps liberated

Hitler Invades Soviet Union

• Invadingwas always the plan

• Believe that German army would quickly defeat Soviets

– Could then focus on Britain without fear of invasion on the eastern front

• Made rapid progress

• Stopped outside Moscow due to bitter cold winter and insufficient supplies

Battle of the Atlantic

• German U‐boats (submarines)

– Attacked ships

– Disrupted coastal trade

– Entered costal waters

• Even Jacksonville Beach!!!

• Allied Victory

– Convoy system

– Use of radar, sonar, and new ships

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North Africa and Italy

• Wanted a “Second Front” in Europe to relieve German pressure on the Soviet army

• Churchill proposed postponing the invasion• Remembered heavy loses of Britain during WWI

• Wanted time to build forces (US troops not ready)

• Let Germany exhaust themselves

• Focus on North Africa instead

– Advisors against this and suggested focus on Japan

– FDR “Germany First” strategy

North Africa and Italy

North Africa

• Most fighting took place in the desert between tanks

– Germany and Italy trapped in Tunisia

– Surrendered May 1943

Italy

• Landed in Sicily in July 1943

– Mussolini overthrown in September 1943

• German army took up positions previously held by Italians

– Amphibious landing on Salerno(mainland Italy) September 1943

– Fierce resistance and high casualties

Battle of Stalingrad• Hitler decided to invade

– For resources

– Located on Volga River

• Stalin’s troops had new tactics to counter Blitzkreig

– Germany surround but ordered not to retreat

• Ran out of food and ammunition and eventually surrendered

– 1 million deaths total

TURNING POINT!Hitler is now on the defensive!

Tehran Conference

• Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill

– November 1943

– Tehran, Iran

• Allies promised to invade France spring 1944

• Stalin promised to declare war on Japan when Germany surrendered

– Would also attack Germans from the east

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D‐Day aka “Operation Overlord”• June 6, 1944

– Allied troops gathered in Britain

– Led by Dwight D. Eisenhower

– Started with airplane bombing missions to weaken German positions

– Invaded Norman coast of France• Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword, Juno

• 4,400 ships crossed the English Channel

• Successful but with heavy casualties 

then now

Omaha Beach

Battle of the Bulge• Paris liberated 2 months after D‐Day

• German army launched surprise counterattack at Ardennes Forest– Invaded Antwerp, Belgium

– Tried to divide and defeat US and Britain

– Six weeks of fighting

• African American troops sent into combat for 1st time

– Bloodiest action by US forces during the war

• 19,000 killed; 62,000 wounded; 26,000 MIA

• Hitler’s last attempt to win the war failed– vigorous resistance, Allied reinforcements, bitter cold weather, 

unfavorable terrain

Collapse of Nazi Germany• American & British invade from the West, 

Soviets entered Poland in the East

– Warsaw uprising August 1944  savagely repressed and Soviets watched from sidelines

• Hitler committed suicide at underground bunker in Berlin on April 30, 1945

– FDR died of a heart attack on April 12, 1945 

• Germany’s military leaders surrendered

– May 7‐8  V‐E Day or “Victory in Europe” Day