Welcome to the Welcome to the Unit 6 Seminar for Unit 6 Seminar for

KU 120!KU 120!Tonight’s Topics: Classification Tonight’s Topics: Classification

and Compare & Contrast Patterns and Compare & Contrast Patterns of Organizationof Organization

Two Patterns of Two Patterns of OrganizationOrganization

Compare and contrast pattern of Compare and contrast pattern of organization -- organization -- In this pattern, In this pattern, information that highlights similarities information that highlights similarities and differences of concepts are included. and differences of concepts are included.

Classification pattern of Classification pattern of organization- In this pattern, we sort organization- In this pattern, we sort ideas into smaller groups based on ideas into smaller groups based on shared traits.shared traits.

Assignments This Week.Assignments This Week. Discussion Board PostsDiscussion Board Posts SeminarSeminar Read pages 265-266, 296-305Read pages 265-266, 296-305 Check out list of transitions on pp. Check out list of transitions on pp.

297 & 300297 & 300 Reading LabReading Lab Check out diagrams located in Doc Check out diagrams located in Doc

SharingSharing

Comparison/ContrastComparison/Contrast In passages where you will see a Compare In passages where you will see a Compare

and Contrast Pattern of Organization, the and Contrast Pattern of Organization, the reading will be organized to show similarities reading will be organized to show similarities and differences between two concepts or and differences between two concepts or topics. When looking at topics of this nature topics. When looking at topics of this nature you should be able to answer the following you should be able to answer the following questions: How are these topics the same? questions: How are these topics the same? How are they different? How are they different?

Comparisons point out similarities between Comparisons point out similarities between two topics; while contrasts point out two topics; while contrasts point out differences. Often, a paragraph will point out differences. Often, a paragraph will point out both similarities and differences.both similarities and differences.

Some Transitions Signaling Some Transitions Signaling SimilaritySimilarity

Along the same linesAlong the same lines By the same tokenBy the same token AlsoAlso In like fashion or mannerIn like fashion or manner Just asJust as LikewiseLikewise SimilarlySimilarly

Some Transitions Signaling Some Transitions Signaling DifferenceDifference

ActuallyActually AlthoughAlthough ButBut ConverselyConversely Despite the factDespite the fact Even thoughEven though HoweverHowever In contrastIn contrast NeverthelessNevertheless In contrastIn contrast

Taking Notes on Taking Notes on Comparison/ContrastComparison/Contrast

Notes should include three essential Notes should include three essential elements:elements:

1. The two topics being compared 1. The two topics being compared and/or contrasted.and/or contrasted.

2. The similarities and/or differences 2. The similarities and/or differences between the two.between the two.

3. The main ideas they explain or 3. The main ideas they explain or support.support.

Venn Diagram – Use with Venn Diagram – Use with Comparison/ContrastComparison/Contrast

Differences

DifferencesDifferences

Example OneExample OneGerald Ford, the 38Gerald Ford, the 38thth president of the U.S., president of the U.S., liked to allude to one of his predecessors, Harry liked to allude to one of his predecessors, Harry S. Truman. Ford seemed to think that likening S. Truman. Ford seemed to think that likening himself to Truman would increase his hold on himself to Truman would increase his hold on the public’s imagination. Like For, Truman had the public’s imagination. Like For, Truman had been a vice president who became president been a vice president who became president only by chance. Neither Truman nor Ford was only by chance. Neither Truman nor Ford was an intellectual, and both men tended to an intellectual, and both men tended to exaggerate their lack of learning, insisting that exaggerate their lack of learning, insisting that they were just simple men with simple tastes. they were just simple men with simple tastes. Also, Ford liked to point out that both he and Also, Ford liked to point out that both he and Truman came to office at a difficult time.Truman came to office at a difficult time.

Two CirclesTwo Circles FordFord- Differences= 38- Differences= 38thth president president Truman- Truman- Differences= it was luck Differences= it was luck

becoming presidentbecoming president

Similarities (where two circles Similarities (where two circles overlap)= neither intellectual, both overlap)= neither intellectual, both exaggerated lack of learning, both exaggerated lack of learning, both simple men, both simple tastes, both simple men, both simple tastes, both came to office during difficult timescame to office during difficult times

Key ConceptsKey Concepts Classification pattern of organization Classification pattern of organization

-- -- In this pattern, each part of a topic is In this pattern, each part of a topic is broken down to explain the different parts. broken down to explain the different parts.

Spider web -- Spider web -- This graphic organizer that This graphic organizer that allows the reader to organize information allows the reader to organize information about a single concept. The information is about a single concept. The information is organized with the main idea in the center organized with the main idea in the center circle and smaller circles including the circle and smaller circles including the supporting details that come out from the supporting details that come out from the center. It resembles a spider web. center. It resembles a spider web.

ClassificationClassification This pattern is used to breakdown a This pattern is used to breakdown a

topic into different parts. It explains topic into different parts. It explains the parts of the whole. For example, the parts of the whole. For example, you may see an article about you may see an article about different jobs that are available in a different jobs that are available in a particular business. Each job would particular business. Each job would be included and then an explanation be included and then an explanation would be given about each job and would be given about each job and how it relates to the other jobs. how it relates to the other jobs.

More on ClassificationMore on Classification Understanding how to use this organization pattern Understanding how to use this organization pattern

can assist you in both your reading comprehension can assist you in both your reading comprehension as well as improving your writing skills. There are as well as improving your writing skills. There are key words that assist a reader in knowing that a key words that assist a reader in knowing that a reading is organized by classification. reading is organized by classification.

Examples of key words that will help you know the Examples of key words that will help you know the reading is a classification pattern of organization reading is a classification pattern of organization are as follows:are as follows:

Number of characteristics Number of characteristics Number of parts Number of parts Number of sections Number of sections Number of typesNumber of types

Sample Topic Sentences Sample Topic Sentences That Indicate ClassificationThat Indicate Classification

Scientific experiments fall into four Scientific experiments fall into four different categories.different categories.

Bestsellers can be divided into three Bestsellers can be divided into three types. types.

Researchers in interpersonal Researchers in interpersonal

communication have come up with four communication have come up with four kinds of conversations.kinds of conversations.

Commonly Used Words in Commonly Used Words in Classification Topic Classification Topic

SentencesSentences CategoriesCategories ComponentsComponents FieldsFields GroupsGroups PartsParts FactorsFactors ElementsElements TypesTypes KindsKinds ClassesClasses

Graphic Organizer OneGraphic Organizer One

Veins Capillaries

Arteries

Types of Blood

Vessels

Graphic Organizer TwoGraphic Organizer Two

Blood Vessels

Arteries Veins Capillaries

Blood is red, oxygenated

Blood is purplish,no oxygen

Thin walls, carry nutrients

Outline FormatOutline FormatI. Types of blood vesselsI. Types of blood vessels

A. ArteriesA. Arteries1. Blood red1. Blood red2. Oxygenated2. Oxygenated

B. VeinsB. Veins1. Blood purplish1. Blood purplish2. No oxygen2. No oxygen

C. CapillariesC. Capillaries1. Thin walls1. Thin walls2. Carry nutrients2. Carry nutrients

Example One: How would Example One: How would you set this up in your you set this up in your

notes?notes?The sociologist Max Weber classified The sociologist Max Weber classified authority into three major types. authority into three major types. Traditional authority is based on custom Traditional authority is based on custom and accepted practice. Charismatic and accepted practice. Charismatic authority stems from the personality of the authority stems from the personality of the individual. Legal-rational authority comes individual. Legal-rational authority comes from rules or laws created to make from rules or laws created to make institutions function effectively. All three institutions function effectively. All three types of authority are present in most types of authority are present in most societies, and they do occasionally overlap.societies, and they do occasionally overlap.

Which pattern is it? How Which pattern is it? How do you know? Explain.do you know? Explain.

““When stock prices fully reflect information that When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.”inefficient.”__cause-and-effect__cause-and-effect

__comparison-and-contrast__comparison-and-contrast __definition-and-example__definition-and-example

Which pattern is it?Which pattern is it? ““When stock prices fully reflect information that When stock prices fully reflect information that

is available to investors, the stock market is is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.”inefficient.”__cause-and-effect__cause-and-effect

X X comparison-and-contrastcomparison-and-contrast __definition-and-example__definition-and-example

What pattern is this? How do What pattern is this? How do you know? Explain.you know? Explain.

Child psychologists are inclined to divide aggressive Child psychologists are inclined to divide aggressive behavior into two kinds, behavior into two kinds, overt overt and and relational relational aggression. aggression. Overt aggression harms others through actual physical Overt aggression harms others through actual physical damage or the threat of physical harm. Children who damage or the threat of physical harm. Children who engage in overt aggression are likely to push, hit, or kick a engage in overt aggression are likely to push, hit, or kick a peer. At the very least, those who are overtly aggressive peer. At the very least, those who are overtly aggressive will make explicit threats to do some kind of physical will make explicit threats to do some kind of physical harm in the future. Relational aggression is more harm in the future. Relational aggression is more psychological than physical and it revolves around threats psychological than physical and it revolves around threats to or criticism of peer relations. Children who use to or criticism of peer relations. Children who use relational aggression, for example, may taunt a peer by relational aggression, for example, may taunt a peer by saying that he or she is unlikable and has no friends. At saying that he or she is unlikable and has no friends. At one time, parents and educators focused on strategies to one time, parents and educators focused on strategies to avoid overt aggression among children because this kind avoid overt aggression among children because this kind of aggression seemed more harmful.of aggression seemed more harmful.

SolutionSolution Uses key words like Uses key words like

“kind” to identify “kind” to identify groups.groups.

Main idea= two Main idea= two types of aggressive types of aggressive behavior: overt and behavior: overt and relational.relational.

Then, rest of passage Then, rest of passage gives supporting gives supporting details for each of details for each of the groups.the groups.

It is the It is the classification classification pattern of pattern of organization.organization.

Read and identify the main idea, Read and identify the main idea, supporting details, and pattern of supporting details, and pattern of

organization.organization. Psychological problems are generally classified into Psychological problems are generally classified into

two categories: externalizing and internalizing two categories: externalizing and internalizing disorders. The disorders. The externalizing disorders externalizing disorders are are characterized by aggression diverted outward, characterized by aggression diverted outward, such as striking out at other people or the such as striking out at other people or the environment. These kinds of disorders exhibit environment. These kinds of disorders exhibit behaviors such as lying, stealing, disobedience, and behaviors such as lying, stealing, disobedience, and fighting. The fighting. The internalizing disorders internalizing disorders are directed are directed inward. These affect the individual rather than inward. These affect the individual rather than other people or the environment. These disorders other people or the environment. These disorders include anxiety, depression, worrying, withdrawal, include anxiety, depression, worrying, withdrawal, and panic attacks.and panic attacks.

SolutionsSolutions Main IdMain Idea- ea-

Psychological Psychological problems are generally problems are generally divided into two divided into two groups: externalizing groups: externalizing & internalizing & internalizing disorders.disorders.

Pattern of Pattern of organization organization is is classification. classification.

Supporting DetailsSupporting Details 1. Externalizing 1. Externalizing

disorders are directed disorders are directed toward others.toward others.

A. Includes lying, A. Includes lying, stealing, disobedience…stealing, disobedience…

B. Also includes violenceB. Also includes violence 2. Internalizing – are 2. Internalizing – are

directed inward.directed inward. A. Include anxiety, etc…A. Include anxiety, etc…

Let’s Review the different Let’s Review the different patterns of organization we patterns of organization we

have learnedhave learned.. 1. Time Order1. Time Order -chain of events, could be -chain of events, could be

chronologicalchronological Transitions = after, first, Transitions = after, first,

next, while, last, currently, next, while, last, currently, etc…etc…

2. Space Order2. Space Order -logical order based on -logical order based on

location in spacelocation in space Transitions= above, back, Transitions= above, back,

behind, below, there, right, behind, below, there, right, left, etc…left, etc…

3. Classification3. Classification -sort by groups and -sort by groups and

subgroups on shared traitssubgroups on shared traits Transitions= another, group, Transitions= another, group,

first, second, traits, order, first, second, traits, order, etc…etc…

Compare & ContrastCompare & Contrast -finding similarities and -finding similarities and

differences between different differences between different items.items.

Transitions= similar to, Transitions= similar to, difference, contrast, alike, difference, contrast, alike, both, in comparison, etc…both, in comparison, etc…

Why are transitions Why are transitions important both as a important both as a reader and a writer?reader and a writer?

For every pattern of organization, For every pattern of organization, transitions are identified. transitions are identified.

With writing, it is always essential to With writing, it is always essential to use transitions?use transitions?

CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHY NOW?CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHY NOW?

Closing CommentsClosing Comments ANY QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANY QUESTIONS, COMMENTS,

CONCERNS??????CONCERNS??????

If you are falling behind, it is If you are falling behind, it is essential to get caught up as soon as essential to get caught up as soon as possible. possible.

Feel free to contact me to get help!!Feel free to contact me to get help!! Have a great night.Have a great night.