Welcome to Unit Welcome to Unit 5 Seminar for KU 5 Seminar for KU

120!120!Tonight’s topics: the time pattern of organization, graphic Tonight’s topics: the time pattern of organization, graphic

organizers, and finding the main ideaorganizers, and finding the main idea

Alicia RomingerAlicia Rominger

TransitionsTransitions are words and phrases are words and phrases that signal thought patterns by that signal thought patterns by showing the logical relationships showing the logical relationships within a sentence and between within a sentence and between sentences. sentences.

Thought patternsThought patterns are established by are established by using transitions to show the logical using transitions to show the logical relationship between ideas in a relationship between ideas in a paragraph or passage. paragraph or passage.

Thought patternsThought patterns (or patterns of (or patterns of organization) are signaled by using organization) are signaled by using transitions to show the logical transitions to show the logical relationship between ideas in a relationship between ideas in a paragraph, passage, or textbook chapter. paragraph, passage, or textbook chapter.

Some common patterns are:Some common patterns are: Time OrderTime Order Space OrderSpace Order ListingListing ClassificationClassification

The Time Order PatternThe Time Order Pattern

The time order thought patternThe time order thought pattern generally generally shows a chain of events.shows a chain of events.

The actions or events are listed in the The actions or events are listed in the order in which they occur (order in which they occur (chronological chronological orderorder).).

There are two types:There are two types: NarrationNarration ProcessProcess

Time Order Pattern of Time Order Pattern of OrganizationOrganization

Two kinds of paragraphs rely heavily Two kinds of paragraphs rely heavily on the time order pattern.on the time order pattern.

1. Sequence of dates and events.1. Sequence of dates and events.

2. Explaining a process. 2. Explaining a process.

Some Transitions Some Transitions Commonly Used to Commonly Used to

Organize Dates and EventsOrganize Dates and EventsAfter thatAfter thatBefore Before Between ______ and ________Between ______ and ________During that time or periodDuring that time or periodFinallyFinallyFrom _________ to ________From _________ to ________In the years sinceIn the years sinceWhen When WhileWhileUntilUntil

Taking Notes: Dates and Taking Notes: Dates and EventsEvents

When you take notes on paragraphs When you take notes on paragraphs devoted to dates and events, include devoted to dates and events, include the following information:the following information:

1. the main idea1. the main idea

2. the dates and events used to 2. the dates and events used to develop the main ideadevelop the main idea

3. any other supporting details that 3. any other supporting details that lack dates but still seem essential to lack dates but still seem essential to developing the main ideadeveloping the main idea

Taking Notes: Using a Taking Notes: Using a TimelineTimeline

1860 Lincoln elected president1860 Lincoln elected president Secession beginsSecession begins____________________________________________________1861 Fort Sumter attacked1861 Fort Sumter attacked Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run____________________________________________________1862 Battle of Shiloh1862 Battle of Shiloh Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam

Time Order: Example Time Order: Example OneOne

It took some time before American It took some time before American colonists learned how to grow their own colonists learned how to grow their own tea. The first tea shrub was planted tea. The first tea shrub was planted sometime between 1810 and 1820. In sometime between 1810 and 1820. In 1848, more extensive experiments were 1848, more extensive experiments were carried out, but further work was cut carried out, but further work was cut short by the civil war. It was not until short by the civil war. It was not until 1880 that tea production was resumed. 1880 that tea production was resumed. In 1890, Charles Shepard of Summerville, In 1890, Charles Shepard of Summerville, South Carolina began growing tea, and by South Carolina began growing tea, and by 1900, had harvested 5,000 pounds of tea. 1900, had harvested 5,000 pounds of tea.

Time Order: Example Time Order: Example TwoTwo

As early as 1534, Holy Roman Emperor Charles As early as 1534, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V suggested that building a waterway across the V suggested that building a waterway across the narrowest part of Central America would allow narrowest part of Central America would allow ships to travel more easily to Peru and Ecuador. ships to travel more easily to Peru and Ecuador. Construction was not actually attempted until Construction was not actually attempted until 1880 by France, and in 1893, the project was 1880 by France, and in 1893, the project was abandoned as too difficult. In 1903, the U.S.A. abandoned as too difficult. In 1903, the U.S.A. gained control of the unfinished Panama Canal, gained control of the unfinished Panama Canal, and in 1904, construction resumed. On August and in 1904, construction resumed. On August 15, 1914, the canal formally opened. In 1977, 15, 1914, the canal formally opened. In 1977, control of the Panama Canal was given to control of the Panama Canal was given to Panama.Panama.

Some Process Pattern Some Process Pattern TransitionsTransitions

AfterAfterAt this pointAt this pointBeforeBeforeDuringDuringFirst, second, thirdFirst, second, thirdFollowingFollowingNextNextThenThen

Taking Notes: Recording Taking Notes: Recording the Stepsthe Steps

When taking notes on a process When taking notes on a process pattern, you want to include the pattern, you want to include the following:following:

1. the main idea1. the main idea

2. the specific steps in the process2. the specific steps in the process

3. the order in which they are 3. the order in which they are presentedpresented

4. any specialized vocabulary used to 4. any specialized vocabulary used to describe the steps or stagesdescribe the steps or stages

Process Order: Example Process Order: Example OneOne

A volcanic eruption begins when lava becomes A volcanic eruption begins when lava becomes charged with steam and gas. The lava then charged with steam and gas. The lava then shoots upward and falls back to earth in shoots upward and falls back to earth in fragments of stone. In the next stage, the lava fragments of stone. In the next stage, the lava in the volcano’s center builds up and flows over in the volcano’s center builds up and flows over the rim. At this point, the volcano’s eruption is the rim. At this point, the volcano’s eruption is at it’s crisis point. After a final massive at it’s crisis point. After a final massive explosion of lava, the volcano begins to cool. explosion of lava, the volcano begins to cool. During the cooling stage, it emits gases and During the cooling stage, it emits gases and vapors. Eventually, the last traces of heat vapors. Eventually, the last traces of heat disappears, and cold springs may appear disappears, and cold springs may appear around the volcano.around the volcano.

Graphic Organizer for Graphic Organizer for Example OneExample One

Volcanic Eruptions

Lava chargedwith gas and

steam

Lava flows Over rim

Cooling stage – Heat disappears

Lava shoots upward with

stone fragments

Final massive flowOf lava

Cold springs May appear

Process Order: Example Process Order: Example TwoTwo

The eggs of the king salmon hatch in freshwater The eggs of the king salmon hatch in freshwater streams; within a year after hatching, however, streams; within a year after hatching, however, the young salmon head out to sea. During their the young salmon head out to sea. During their journey, many are killed. Only a small portion journey, many are killed. Only a small portion of the salmon actually reaches the sea. Those of the salmon actually reaches the sea. Those that do, stay for 4 to 6 years, then they return that do, stay for 4 to 6 years, then they return to the river in which they were hatched. When to the river in which they were hatched. When they reach that river, they lay thousands of they reach that river, they lay thousands of eggs. Once the eggs are laid, life is over for the eggs. Once the eggs are laid, life is over for the salmon. Slowly, they float downstream with salmon. Slowly, they float downstream with their tails forward, and within days, they are their tails forward, and within days, they are dead.dead.

Process Diagram for Process Diagram for Example TwoExample Two

Salmon Swim to

River

Eggs Laid

Salmon Dies

Eggs HatchSalmonSwim to

Sea

Space Order PatternSpace Order Pattern

The space order pattern allows authors The space order pattern allows authors to describe a person, place, or thing to describe a person, place, or thing based on its location or the way it is based on its location or the way it is arranged in space.arranged in space.

The writer often uses The writer often uses descriptive descriptive detailsdetails to help readers create vivid to help readers create vivid mental pictures.mental pictures.

Transition Words in the Transition Words in the Space Order PatternSpace Order Pattern

AboveAbove AcrossAcross AdjacentAdjacent AroundAround At the bottomAt the bottom At the sideAt the side At the topAt the top BackBack At the sideAt the side BackupBackup BehindBehind BelowBelow BeneathBeneath BesideBeside BeyondBeyond ByBy CenterCenter Close toClose to

DownDown Far awayFar away FartherFarther FrontFront HereHere InIn Inside Inside LeftLeft MiddleMiddle Next toNext to NearbyNearby OutsideOutside RightRight ThereThere UnderUnder Underneath Underneath Within Within

So how do you determine the main idea?1. Summarize the PassageAfter you've read the passage given to you, summarize what you've just read in your head or on a scrap of paper. What would you tell someone the paragraph was about if asked? You'd probably come up with a one-sentence explanation.Chances are good that you've found the main idea if you can summarize the whole passage down to one sentence. Just be sure your one sentence is broad enough to cover every detail in the text.

2. Look for Repetition of IdeasIf you read through a paragraph and you have no idea how to summarize it because there is so much information, start looking for repeated words, phrases, ideas or similar ideas.

A new hearing device uses a magnet to hold the detachable sound-processing portion in place. Like other aids, it converts sound into vibrations. But it is unique in that it can transmit the vibrations directly to the magnet and then to the inner ear. This produces a clearer sound. The new device will not help all hearing-impaired people - only those with a hearing loss caused by infection or some other problem in the middle ear. It will probably help no more than 20 percent of all people with hearing problems. Those people who have persistent ear infections, however, should find relief and restored hearing with the new device.

A new hearing device is now available for some hearing-impaired people."

The idea that women are not equal to men has been a The idea that women are not equal to men has been a prevailing, common theme in literature since the prevailing, common theme in literature since the beginning of time. Like their predecessors, beginning of time. Like their predecessors, Renaissance writers staunchly laid down the tenet Renaissance writers staunchly laid down the tenet that women were less valuable throughout the pages that women were less valuable throughout the pages of effusive literary writings, where women are of effusive literary writings, where women are alternately idolized as virtuous or shunned as harlots. alternately idolized as virtuous or shunned as harlots. One man proved  to be a glaring contradiction to this One man proved  to be a glaring contradiction to this falsity. That man was William Shakespeare and he falsity. That man was William Shakespeare and he had the courage in those turbulent days to recognize had the courage in those turbulent days to recognize the value and equality of women. His portrayal of the value and equality of women. His portrayal of women differed than that of many of his women differed than that of many of his contemporaries during the Renaissance era.contemporaries during the Renaissance era.

Although most Renaissance writers Although most Renaissance writers propagated the belief that women propagated the belief that women were not equal with men, were not equal with men, Shakespeare's writings portrayed Shakespeare's writings portrayed women as men's equals.women as men's equals.

Nature is valued highly in many cultures. The majestic Nature is valued highly in many cultures. The majestic sweep of a mountainside or the vast expanse of sweep of a mountainside or the vast expanse of glittering seas can inspire people everywhere. glittering seas can inspire people everywhere. Painters, designers, poets, architects, and various Painters, designers, poets, architects, and various other artists have drawn strength and enlightenment other artists have drawn strength and enlightenment from magnificent works of nature such as these. from magnificent works of nature such as these. Among those gifted people, poets seem to be the best Among those gifted people, poets seem to be the best at expressing the awe and wonder of viewing art in at expressing the awe and wonder of viewing art in nature. William Wordsworth is just that kind of poet. nature. William Wordsworth is just that kind of poet. He believed that nature is a cleansing vent for troubled He believed that nature is a cleansing vent for troubled minds, extending clarity to the lives of humans. His minds, extending clarity to the lives of humans. His poetic works have inspired nature-lovers for centuries poetic works have inspired nature-lovers for centuries by displaying the true beauty that only a seasoned by displaying the true beauty that only a seasoned writer, like Wordsworth, can accurately depict.writer, like Wordsworth, can accurately depict.

Although nature inspires artists of Although nature inspires artists of all kinds, poets are the best at all kinds, poets are the best at expressing the beauty of nature and expressing the beauty of nature and among them, Wordsworth is one of among them, Wordsworth is one of the best.the best.

Materials taken from KU 120 course site and Materials taken from KU 120 course site and Reading for Results, Reading for Results, 10th Ed,10th Ed,

by Larraine Flemmingby Larraine Flemming Professor: Ann Meek, PhD.Professor: Ann Meek, PhD. http://www.you-can-teach-writing.com/spatial-order.htmlhttp://www.you-can-teach-writing.com/spatial-order.html