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Diseases

I. Canine - Common diseases prevented with canine vaccines.

A. Distemper: A viral disease (similar to the human measles virus) that attacks the central nervous system and upper respiratory system.

1. Transmission: direct contact with body secretions, air

2. Symptoms: fever, anorexia, depression, nasal/ocular discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, CNS signs, hard pads

3. Treatment: supportive

4. Prognosis: guarded

B. Hepatitis: A viral disease that lives in the lymph nodes and spreads to the liver.

1. Transmission: direct oronasal route, ectoparasites, fomites

2. Symptoms: abdominal pain, bloody vomiting, bloody diarrhea, enlarged abdomen, epistaxis s


4. Prognosis: death can occur within 5 days of symptoms

C. Leptospirosis: Bacterial disease that attacks the kidney, muscles, and liver.

1. Transmission: urine or direct contact with body fluids

2. Symptoms: muscle tenderness, vomiting, renal and hepatic failure, fever, anorexia



5. Zoonotic potential

D. Parainfluenza: A virus that attacks the upper respiratory system.

1. Transmission: direct contact with body fluids or air

2. Symptoms: fever, coughing, conjunctivitis, lethargy, anorexia


4. Prognosis: good

E. Parvovirus: A virus that attacks the intestinal lining typically in puppies.

1. Transmission: fecal-oral route, air

2. Symptoms: bloody water diarrhea, fever, depression, dehydration

Dobermans, Rottweilers, English Springer Spaniels are at a higher risk.

3. Treatment: Supportive

4. Prognosis: guarded (most will die of dehydration without treatment)

F. Coronavirus: A virus that attacks the intestinal lining of puppies

1. Transmission: fecal-oral route, air

2. Symptoms: can be asymptomatic for a short period of time. The villi in the small intestine are damaged which can be worsened by opportunistic

viruses (parvo), bacteria, or parasites. Vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, lethargy, mild fever

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=leptospirosis+in+a+dog&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=sNigHtQ3NEHxsM&tbnid=JyrnjVMuOg6ohM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.vetnext.com/search.php?s=aandoening&id=73056042784%20166&ei=FSCuUbjyKsf9qwHbjICoBw&psig=AFQjCNEQcrzWNYY2cr3SDwa4r6lx24mNPA&ust=1370452277511847

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=parvo+in+a+dog&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=FWruE7PF2fuQRM&tbnid=hVELSOi5bngJ2M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.whatisparvovirus.com/&ei=RySuUYWxE4rSqQHs8IDwCA&psig=AFQjCNEeYYJW2vhs8HJgNtRaSwjE2MFF4w&ust=1370453429491462


4. Prognosis: grave

G. Bordatella: A bacteria that attacks the upper respiratory system.

1. Transmission: air; highly contagious

2. Symptoms: dry, hacking cough; slightly elevated temperature; can lead to pneumonia in compromised patients

3. Treatment: cough suppressants, antibiotics for secondary diseases

4. Prognosis: good

H. Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorfei): A bacteria disease found in the northeastern, north central and west coast of the US.

1. Transmission: deer tick

2. Symptoms: fever, myocarditisInflammatory joints

3. Treatment: long term antibiotic

I. Rabies: A virus that attacks the central nervous system.

1. Transmission: body secretions from infected animals

Top carriers of rabies are skunks, raccoons, bats, foxes, and coyotes.Incubation period:

a. Dogs 3-8 weeksb. Cats 2-6 weeksc. Horses 2-3 weeksd. Humans 3-6 weeks

2. Symptoms – divided into phasesa. Prodormal: lasts 1-3 days average; the animal will show subtle

behavior changes and run a fever

b. Furious: lasts 1-7 days average; the becomes increasing restless with episodes of aggression, ataxis, disorientation, seizures; horses will

show excessive salivation and choking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deertick.jpg

c. Paralytic: animal shows paralysis and respiratory failure; death follows quickly

3. Diagnosis: Any bite case should be reported to the local health authorities. There is a 10 day quarantine period for bite cases involving vaccinated

dogs. Suspected rabid animals should be euthanized and have their head sent to the state lab to be tested. The lab looks for Negri bodies found at the base of the brain.

4. Treatment: euthanize

5. Zoonotic

II. Feline - Common diseases prevented with feline vaccines.

A. Rhinotracheitis (Feline herpesvirus -1): A virus that attacks the upper respiratory system especially in kittens.

1. Transmission: body fluids, air

2. Symptoms: severe URI symptoms, depression, sneezing, ocular/nasal discharge, dyspnea, coughing


4. Prognosis: grave (mortality high in kittens)

B. Calicivirus: A virus that attacks the upper respiratory system.


2. Symptoms: mild URI symptoms


4. Prognosis: good

C. Panleukopenia: A virus that attacks the lymph nodes and internal organs.

1. Transmission: body fluids, biting insects, air

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rhinotracheitis+disease+in+a+cat&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Zb5BtHshzwyRJM&tbnid=UOxgZ8KkoQNSLM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis&ei=80evUZ32IuTXigKS94CwAw&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGjhPsUcM7AgdQ9Ydro46FDNYJYdg&ust=1370528071059981

2. Symptoms: can have a sudden onset, fever, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, leukopenia


4. Prognosis: grave

D. Chlamydia psittaci: A virus that causes persistent conjunctivitis.


2. Symptoms: conjunctivitis and a mild nasal discharge

3. Treatment: antibiotics

4. Prognosis: good

E. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP): A virus that attacks the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Attacks cats less than 3 years old or older than 10 years of age. Common in catteries.

1. Transmission: ingestion, fomites, air; not commonly spread horizontally

2. Symptoms: 3 forms of the disease

a. Wet form: accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity with progressive enlargement of the abdomen.

b. Dry form: weight loss, depression, anemia, fever

c. Combo form

3. Treatment: euthanasia

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=Chlamydia+psittaci+disease+in+a+cat&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=uTMdhTk8v38j9M&tbnid=Klpn9_U2NtiPQM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113597001855&ei=r0uvUbeDKuOpiALw5ID4Ag&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFYGHUieOD4SR2padBeV6UZ4isd_g&ust=1370529045792732

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=d3pbsBlaJm8S_M&tbnid=7O7ae0PyHyVrQM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://ca-catbreeders.info/fip-photos.html&ei=6k6vUYaVLsW7iwKs54HwDA&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNF_TLvITJwthZnNvId5JHZqkMnKXw&ust=1370529867855745

F. Feline Leukemia (FeLv, Feleuk): A virus that attacks the lymph nodes and lowers the immune system to allow secondary diseases to penetrate.

1. Transmission: body secretions, fomites, vertical (mom-kitten), horizontal (cats that live together or fight)

2. Symptoms: non-specific symptoms – ADR (ain’t doing right), anorexia, poor hair coat, bad breath (not bad teeth); some cats will be carriers and not

demonstrate symptoms for months or years


4. Prognosis: grave – the cat will eventually die

G. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): A virus that attacks the immune system

1. Transmission: saliva through bites

2. Symptoms: poor body condition, fever, ADR; some cats will be carriers and not demonstrate symptoms for months or years


4. Prognosis: grave – the cat will eventually die

H. Rabies

See canine diseases

III. Equine - Common diseases prevented with equine vaccines.

A. Tetanus: A bacteria that attacks the central nervous system, muscles, and joints.

1. Transmission: enters through wounds from dirty or rusty objects; loves puncture wounds with limited oxygen

2. Symptoms: muscle and joint ache; as the toxin from the bacteria increases it becomes increasingly harder for the animal to move

3. Treatment: antitoxin

4. Prognosis: grave once symptoms appear

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=tetanus+in+horses&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=t2eANyFXeRxuGM&tbnid=MVvQbgASUhCyNM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/pethealth/horse_disorders_and_diseases/disorders_affecting_multiple_body_systems_of_horses/tetanus_in_horses.html&ei=jFOvUbySDYjTigKz4oCICQ&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNG4tpMLffc_9sl9W8ejSNIRi46rKA&ust=1370531041485689

B. Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness): A virus that attacks the central nervous system. Several strains of the disease – Western (WEE), Eastern (EEE), Venezuelan (VEE).

1. Transmission: mosquito

2. Symptoms: irregular gait, loss of muscular coordination, compulsive walking, difficulty swallowing, seizures, dementia, fever, head pressing, circling,

blindness


4. Prognosis: grave –death

Has affected humans if bitten by the mosquitothat carries the virus

C. Influenza: A virus that attacks the upper respiratory system

1. Transmission: air (50 yards from snorting or coughing); highly contagious

2. Symptoms: incubation is 24 hrs – 3 days; fever, decreased appetite, reluctance to move, dry cough, lethargic, mucopurulent nasal discharge, distal limb edema


4. Prognosis: good

D. West Nile: A virus that attacks the central nervous system causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Fastest growing health threat to horses in the US.

1. Transmission: mosquito (infected after feeding on the blood of infected birds)

2. Symptoms: stumbling, muscle weakness, twitching, partial paralysis, loss of appetite, lethargy, impaired vision, wandering, inability to stand, fever,

seizures, coma. Once clinical signs appear, the disease is fatal 30-33% of the horses.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=encephalomyleitis+in+horses&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=6AOZM4HBm0VqtM&tbnid=I9UzVXycqFHFTM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/pethealth/horse_disorders_and_diseases/brain_spinal_cord_and_nerve_disorders_of_horses/equine_viral_encephalomyelitis_encephalitis.html&ei=zFavUe6oJcn8igLztYHYCw&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNEnQKS7rmG0026J08pGFbHC8lncSw&ust=1370531885394965

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=Influenza+in+horses&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=1mHZqZ3TfSTuPM&tbnid=ZN_54l6JR6yFGM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.valleyveterinarygroup.com/equine/vaccinations/index.html&ei=9levUYP_KOjKigL1ooCwDg&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNE9twK6CC2VI3UYp21okq7Bw_RZ6g&ust=1370532181328362

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJtVP5Bd5bs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfQJ3nxFd6chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0TChyEMNCQ


4. Prognosis: grave

E. Potomac Horse Fever: A bacteria (rickettsial) that attacks the gastrointestinal system.

1. Transmission: ticks, trematodes, transplacental

2. Symptoms: depression, anorexia, fever, watery diarrhea, colic, abortions, lamintis



F. Rhinopneumonitis: A herpesvirus that attacks the upper respiratory system.

1. Transmission: air, body secretions

2. Symptoms: fever, depression, nasal discharge, abortions



G. Strangles: A bacteria that attacks the mandibular lymph nodes.

1. Transmission: air, body secretions, fomites; highly contagious

2. Symptoms: Incubation is 3-14 days; fever, nasal discharge, abscess mandibular lymph nodes, weight loss, internal abscesses (bastard

strangles), dysphasia, and pharyngitis

3. Treatment: lance and flush the mandibular abscesses, antibiotics

Quarantine the horse during treatment

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=strangles+in+horses&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hK5XSlO2sR8wTM&tbnid=jU4KF6oTAx4vVM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.yourhorse.co.uk/Your-Horse-News/Search-Results/General-news/Oct-09/Oct-19-Strangles-vaccine-breakthrough/&ei=7l-vUb7cHIrliwL6wIHABg&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGSHRabkekkB9Bm5YGrJlKVThox9g&ust=1370534215998573

2% of infected horses can become chronic carriers and shed the bacteria with no symptoms.

4. Prognosis: good

H. Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA): A virus that causes respiratory symptoms and abortions.

1. Transmission: Through breeding from the stallions, feces, air, fomites, urine

2. Symptoms: mild respiratory symptoms, abortions, fever, depression, anorexia, edema, rhinitis; stallions may not show any symptoms

3. Treatment: supportive, antibiotics for secondary diseases; don’t breed positive horses


I. Rabies

See canine diseases

IV. Bovine - Common diseases prevented with bovine vaccines

A. Clostridium diseases: Bacteria commonly found in the soil and environment. Prognosis from most of these diseases is grave.

1. Chauvei (Black leg)

a. Symptoms: high fever, lack of appetite, lameness or muscle swellingCows can die suddenly prior to symptoms

2. Sordellii (gas gangrene) from wound infections

a. Symptoms: gangrene, abomastitis

3. Haemolyticum (Redwater)

a. Symptoms

4. Novyi (Black disease – necrotic hepatitis)

a. Symptoms: dark red urine, fresh blood in the feces, arched back, reluctant to move

5. Perfringens (Enterotoxemia- dysentery, overeating disease)

a. Symptoms: diarrhea, bloat, sudden death; some types can cause kidney problems

6. Septicum (Malignant edema)

a. Symptoms: fluid subcutaneous, decreased appetite, lethargic

7. Tetanus

a. Symptoms: ataxia, difficulty moving, dysphagia, seizures, death

8. Botulism (neuro-paralytic disease): found in decaying carcasses and plant matter

a. Symptoms: lack of muscle tone and progressive muscle weakness, dysphagia

B. Bovine Viral Diarrhea: A virus that attacks the gastrointestinal area and upper respiratory system.

1. Transmission: air, direct contact

2. Symptoms: mild transient diarrhea, GI ulcers, abortions, nasal/ocular discharge, coughing, fever



C. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR): A virus that attacks the upper respiratory system.


2. Symptoms: high fever, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, coughing, dyspnea, abortions



D. Parainfluenza (Shipping Fever): A virus that attacks the upper respiratory system.


2. Symptoms: mild upper respiratory symptoms, fever, nasal discharge, coughing, weight loss, depression, weakness; associated with stress and

shipping



E. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A virus that attacks the lower respiratory system


2. Symptoms: fever, anorexia, lethargic, pneumonia symptoms



F. Scours: A bacteria that attacks the gastrointestinal tract.

1. Transmission: direct contact

2. Symptoms: associated with stress, watery diarrhea

3. Treatment: antibiotics, fluids


G. Brucellosis (BANGS): A bacteria that attacks the reproductive system in animals

1. Transmission: sexual

2. Symptoms: no signs in the male; abortions in the females

3. Treatment: euthanasia

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=e-yazbM-5m21cM&tbnid=e8LgQ0MhSciQaM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.vetnext.com/search.php?s=aandoening&id=73288541318%20240&ei=9GuvUbj1OoetigKXhIGYAw&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNE6cTnWOpIPYaU9bFFq_ZDiQzDoBQ&ust=1370537315740144

Zoonotic if you ingested unsterilized milk or meat from a contaminated cow. Accidental vaccination from the live bovine vaccine can occur. Humans

with brucellosis (Undulant Fever) have profuse sweating, joint and muscle pain that periodically appears the rest of their life.

Some states have eradicated the disease

V. Llama/alpaca - Common diseases prevented with alpaca/llama vaccines

A. Clostridium perfringens type C, D

1. See bovine diseases

B. Tetanus


VI. Ovine/Caprine – Common diseases prevented with ovine/caprine vaccines

A. Clostridium perfringens type C, D


B. Tetanus


C. Blue Tongue: A virus that attacks the oral cavity

1. Transmission: mosquitos

2. Symptoms: oral ulcers, facial edema, tongue swelling



http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=WsJyeeFIvrR2RM&tbnid=d_rZKuCJLHdjLM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.stackyard.com/news/2006/08/sheep/07_defra_bluetongue.html&ei=DoyvUYLaIuWCiALTsIFA&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNG3ldy3watCdkmtGTcGFCxU91MdTg&ust=1370545387980217

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=KRdevg-J2uKjwM&tbnid=FqPE-rm3mB3y8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://ocw.tufts.edu/Content/72/imagegallery/1362316/1368474/1373910&ei=oouvUc3mHYTiiALj74HADw&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNG3ldy3watCdkmtGTcGFCxU91MdTg&ust=1370545387980217

VII. Porcine – Common diseases prevented with porcine vaccines

A. Erysipelothrix (Diamond Skin Disease)

1. Transmission: feces, urine, oronasal secretions

2. Symptoms: fever, prostration, anorexia, vomiting, reluctance to walk; hemorrhages may be present in multiple organs throughout the body, diamond shaped lesions on the skin


4. Zoonotic potential with direct contact

B. Leptospirosis (Icterohaemorrhagiae): A bacteria that attacks the kidney and reproductive system.

1. Transmission: direct contact, urine, milk

2. Symptoms: abortions, blood in the urine, lethargic

3. Treatment: antibiotics lessions in the kidney


5. Canicola fever in humans

C. Parvo: A virus that multiplies in the intestines but causes abortions in females. Otherwise no other symptoms

D. Mycoplasma Hyopneumonia: A bacteria that attacks the respiratory system.


2. Symptoms: pneumonia symptoms

3. Treatment: antibiotics

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=LZPjGiLU2pk3xM&tbnid=IWIdGVAWUXI8HM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=https://www.msu.edu/~ramosjo/9074.htm&ei=rIyvUeCpDMmxiQKU-oG4Aw&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFHS-SgFHrT9FsdLteJDdo7a7SQ5Q&ust=1370545666728985

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&source=images&cd=&docid=UCebFgKsy1UDyM&tbnid=lbrTCrhlZeWaMM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/multimedia/v4736365.html?Ref=t&RefId=generalized_conditions/leptospirosis/leptospirosis_in_swine&Plugin=WMP&Speed=256&ItemId=v4736365&ei=DY2vUd7lJcbJiwK8joGgBw&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNG0up2QUsjzraaBJyQ7f6e49UgTKg&ust=1370545786342495


E. Pseudorabies: A virus that attacks the central nervous system.

1. Transmission:

2. Symptoms: fever, tremors, ataxis, seizures, death

3. Prognosis: death

VIII. Ferret – Common diseases prevented with ferrets vaccines

A. Distemper: A virus that attacks the central nervous system

1. Transmission: air, direct contact, fomites

2. Symptoms: anorexia, fever, eyes blinking and serious nasal discharge, muscle tremors, seizures

3. Treatment: death

B. Rabies: see canine diseases

IX. Avian – Common diseases prevented with avian vaccines

A. Polyoma: A virus that attacks the body as a whole. Commonly seen in Budgies and Lovebirds.

1. Transmission: feather dust, feces, air

2. Symptoms: swollen abdomen, depression, decreased appetite, anorexia, delayed crop emptying, feather/skin problems


4. Prognosis: grave

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=polyoma+in+budgies&source=images&cd=&docid=4RzMDLLupyc52M&tbnid=xFtajFWTeL2y-M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://talkbudgies.com/showthread.php?t=16452&ei=QZOvUc2cK4KoigLXmYCgBA&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNEAbRA-8cXO7c2LkiReIFDEWDcu9A&ust=1370547368342591

B. Pacheco’s Disease: A herpes virus that attacks the central nervous system.


2. Symptoms: sudden death, weak muscles, lethargic, seizures

3. Treatment: death

C. Newcastles Disease (Paramyxovirus) A virus that attack the respiratory system and central nervous system. Commonly seen in poultry.

1. Transmission: direct contact, body secretions

2. Symptoms: gasping, coughing, depression, decreased appetite, muscle tremors, drooping wings, twisting of head and neck, circling, complete paralysis, swelling

of the tissues around the eyes and neck, greenish, watery diarrhea, reduced egg production.


4. Zoonotic potential: in humans you will see flu-like symptoms

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=Newcastle's+Disease+in+birds&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=U4zY6bjGAKwyDM&tbnid=RzAThH5t4mPJuM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.infonet-biovision.org/default/ct/224/animalDiseases&ei=0ZWvUc2VEqKxiwLq1YDoCA&psig=AFQjCNG7ekFpwV1VfxmN2HQYduS2jjpawA&ust=1370548035418188

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