Biology Review for Science 10 Final Exam (2020)

I can…

1. Use the formula microscope magnification = power of ocular lens x power of objective lens to calculate any of the three quantities given the other two.

2. Use the formula (diameter FOVlower power)(magnificationlower power) = (diameter FOVhigher power)(magnificationhigher power) to determine the field of view of a microscope at a higher power given the magnification and field of view at a lower power.

3. Use the formula (actual size of object) = (diameter FOVpower)(fraction of FOV taken up by the object) to determine the actual size of an object.

4. Use the formula image or drawing magnification = image or drawing size of object/actual size of object to determine the image or drawing magnification

5. Use the formula actual size of scale bar/actual size of object = image or drawing size of scale bar/image or drawing size of object to create a scale for a drawing.

Questionsa. Calculate the microscope magnification of a microscope with an ocular lense

power 30x and a objective lense power of 40x

b. The field of view of the microscope at 40x was measured to be 3mm. If an object takes of a half of this field of view then was is the length of the object?

c. Calculate the field of view of the microscope when the 100x objective lense is used.

d. A student draws the object with the length of 3 cm. Calculate the drawing magnification.

6. Use the formula surface area to volume ratio = surface area/volume to determine the surface area to volume ratio.

7. Relate the surface area to volume ratio to the ability of a cell to absorb or release materials.

Questions

Calculate the surface to volume ratio of volume ratio of a e. coli bacterium with a surface area of 15 m2 and a volume of 5 m3.

Identify, giving a reason, whether the e. coli bacterium or a streptococcus bacterium with a surface area to volume ratio of 4 m-1 has a greater ability to absorb and release materials.

8. State the steps, in order, of preparing a microscope.

Questions

State all steps in order involved in preparing a microscope.

9. Identify the parts of a microscope

Label the pars of the microscope of the diagram below. For 3, 4 and 5 identify which the relative power of the lenses (low, medium, high).

10. State cell theory.

Questions

State the 3 parts of cell theory.

11. Discuss diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.a. Direction of water flow of a cell given cell and solution solute concentrationsb. Distinguish between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutionsc. Distinguish between facilitated and active transport

QuestionsUse the image below for the following questions

Identify each section of the image as a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.

For each solution, state, giving a reason, whether the direction of water flow would be in or out of the cell or neither.

Distinguish between facilitated diffusion and active transport in terms of molecule flow relative to the concentration gradient.

Use the image below to answer the following questions

Identify, giving a reason, A, B, and C as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport.

Identify, giving a reason, whether the molecules in A and B are lipid soluble or water soluble

12. Distinguish between exocytosis and endocytosis.

Questions

In the image below, label a and b as exocytosis and endocytosis.

C

B A

13. Questions and outcome Identify the following organelles in a diagram of the cell, describe the function of each organelle, and identify those that are only found in plant cells or only in animal cells.

a. Cell membraneb. Nucleusc. Cytoplasmd. Cell walle. Chloroplastsf. Central vacuoleg. Vacuoles and vesicles (not

shown)

h. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

i. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

j. Ribosomesk. Lysosomesl. Golgi apparatusm. Mitochondria

A

B

C

D

EF

GH

A

B

I

J K

L

K

I

G

E

M

N

N

Label the above cells as plant or animal.

In the table below, write the organelle associated with each letter, then describe its function.Note: N refers to the small dots that are on B

Letter Organelle FunctionABCDEFGHIJKLM Centriole

State the organelles that are only found in plant cells and those that are only found in animal cells. (Note that not all organelles are shown in these diagrams, eg. Small vacuoles are usually found in animal cells, but the animal cell shown does that have any shown).

Plant Cell only organelles Animal cell only organelles

14. Describe and identify the specialized cells and their function in the various tissue layers

in plant leavesa. Epidermisb. Ground tissue

i. Palisadeii. Spongy mesophyll

iii. Vascular tissue1. Xylem

2. Phloemc. Lower epidermis

i. Guard cellsii. Stomata

15. Describe the function of chloroplasts, including the equation for photosynthesis.16. Discuss how the transport of water and nutrients in plants.

a. Cohesion vs. adhesionb. Xylem vs. phloem

17. Describe the specialization and function of root hairs, dermal cells, guard cells, Xylem cells)

Questions

State the name and function of the waxy substance produced on the surface of the epidermis and state the name of the cells that produce it.

Describe the crucial function that occurs in the palisade tissue and spongy mesophyll and state the name of the organelle responsible for this function.

Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.

Compare the xylem and phloem

Nutrients that are transported

Where it transports from Where it transports to Living or non-living cells

Xylem

Phloem

Distinguish between cohesion and adhesion of water molecules.

Explain how cohesion and adhesion relate to the transport of water in the xylem.

Explain, using the terms listed below, the exchange of gases in and out of a leaf. (Note: you do not need to discuss any ion movement)Terms: stomata, guard cells, transpiration, water vapour, CO2, O2

Explain how guard cells can control water loss through transpiration and how this is determined by turgor pressure.

Describe what root hairs are and what their purpose is.

Turgor pressure in the root xylem is known as root pressure. Describe how root pressure occurs and how it facilitates water transport up the xylem.

State the name of the process that causes water to be pulled up the xylem.

18. Discuss phototropism19. Discuss the mechanisms of gravitropism

a. Positive vs. negative

Distinguish between phototropism and gravitropism

How does phototropism effect plant growth?

Distinguish between negative and positive gravitropism and state the part of the plant in which each occurs.

20. Describe the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane

Questions

According to the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, what substances is the cell membrane made out of?

21. Define the following terms

Cell HypertonicCell theory HypotonicOrganelle IsotonicLipid Facilitated diffusionLipid soluble Active transportPhospholipid EndocytosisPhospholipid bilayer ExocytosisFluid mosaic model PhagocytosisConcentration gradient

Pinocytosis

Equilibrium Part of microscopeSemi-permeable membrane

All organelles (see below)

Diffusion PhotosynthesisOsmosis GlucoseEpidermis Palisade tissueSpongy mesophyll StomataGuard cell CuticleVascular tissue XylemPhloem Vascular bundleTugor pressure TranspirationCohesion AdhesionRoot pressure Root hairsPhototropism Gravitropism (negative and

positive)

Organelles

Cell membrane CytoplasmVesicle VacuoleNucleus RibosomeLysosome Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth

and rough)Golgi apparatus MitochondriaCentriole Cell wallChloroplast Large central vacuole