web page: ...harnik/mad/lecture1.pdf · 90-50n area weighted polar cap temperature for the...

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References: Andrews, Holton, Leovy (1987) “Middle atmosphere dynamics”, Academic Press. Holton, (1992, 2004) “An introduction to dynamic meteorology.” Elsevier, Academic Press. Chapter on the middle atmosphere (12). Geoffrey Vallis (2006) “Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics.” Cambridge press. Chapter 13 on planetary waves and the stratosphere. The chapter relies on theory developed in earlier parts of the book (I, II). Web page: http://geophysics.tau.ac.il/personal/nili/MAD/MAD-course.htm

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Page 1: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

References:

Andrews, Holton, Leovy

(1987) “Middle atmosphere dynamics”, Academic Press.

Holton, (1992, 2004) “An introduction to dynamic meteorology.”

Elsevier, Academic Press. Chapter on the middle atmosphere (12).

Geoffrey Vallis

(2006) “Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics.”

Cambridge press. Chapter 13 on planetary waves and the stratosphere. The chapter relies on theory developed in earlier parts of the book (I, II).

Web page:

http://geophysics.tau.ac.il/personal/nili/MAD/MAD-course.htm

Page 2: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

מבנה האטמוספרה

השכבות באטמוספרה מוגדרות לפי מבנה

הטמפרטורה עם הגובה

מ " ק50 - השכבה עד כ-סטרטוספרה. בה הטמפרטורה גדלה עם הגובה

מטוסי סילון ובלוני מזג אויר טסים כאן

השכבה בה . מ " ק12- עד כ-טרופוספרה . האוירבה קורות תופעות מזג , אנו חיים

. מטוסי נוסעים טסים בגבול העליון שלה . הטמפרטורה יורדת עם הגובה

מ בה " ק50-85 השכבה בין -מזוספרה. הטמפרטורה שוב קטנה עם הגובה

מטאוריטים נשרפים כאן

מטוס נוסעים

מטוס על קולי בלון מזג אויר

סטרטוספרה

טרופוספרה

מזוספרה

תרמוספרה

) מעלות צלסיוס(טמפרטורה

ה ובג

)יםטרומילק

(

מטאוריטים נשרפים

רה פיוסיונ

נה כותי הרהספ

מואט

ה

Page 3: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and
Page 4: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and minus one standard deviation from this mean obtained by taking the mean and standard deviation of the set of area weighted polar cap temperatures for each of the years from 1958 to 2002. ERA40 data.

Page 5: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and
Page 6: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

Mesospheric gravity waves seen in airglow

Page 7: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

Global radisonde coverage

Middle atmosphere coverage:

Page 8: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

Satellite vertical resolution. (Houghton, QJRMS 104, 1,1978)

Page 9: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

January

Page 10: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

July

Page 11: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and
Page 12: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

Daily incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere (W/m2)

Averaged over a full 24-hour period, the amount of incoming radiation varies with latitude and season. At the poles, during solstice, the earth is either exposed to sunlight over the entire (24-hours) day or is completely hidden from the Sun throughout the entire day. This is why the poles get no incoming radiation during their respective winter or more than the maximum radiation at the equator during their respective summer.

Latit

ude

Time of yearBased on ERBE data

Page 13: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

LW Cooling SW Heating

Page 14: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

Newtonian Cooling rate (schematic), from Plumb course notes

LW Cooling SW Heating

Page 15: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and
Page 16: Web page: ...harnik/MAD/lecture1.pdf · 90-50N Area Weighted Polar Cap Temperature for the 17-Feb-2002 event. Shading shows the mean polar cap temperature and the span of plus and

Idealized temperature profile, and corresponding log-p coordinate