water waste processing - october 2013

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COOPERATION & CONSERVATIONIN REGIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT

5 GOOD QUESTIONS WHENSPECING A MAG METER

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INS & OUTS OF SLUDGE WASTING

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COOPERATION & CONSERVATIONIN REGIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT

5 GOOD QUESTIONS WHENSPECING A MAG METER

SUBMERSIBLE PUMPSSHRED SOLIDS, PASS LIQUIDS

INS & OUTS OF SLUDGE WASTING

PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT

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Write In 101

In This Issue

Productivity Perspectives ……………………… 4

True cost of wastewater treatment starts tohit home …………………………………………… 6EPA mandates major improvements, even when permit limits are currently met; think tanks and suppliers agree

Cooperation and conservation in regionalwater management …………………………… 10Broward County, Fla., addresses a unique set of circumstances with an open-handed approach

Many benefi ts follow from putting cartbefore ‘swarf’ …………………………………… 14Sourced from sister division, mobile shop-fl oor fi ltrationsystem saves Eaton Hydraulics plant estimated $12,000 a year

Submersible pumps shred solids beforepassing the liquid ……………………………… 18Meat processor eliminates $20,000 annual maintenanceexpense

The ins and outs of sludge wasting ……… 22Someone asked, “What are the process parameters of an acti-vated sludge system operating at an extended aeration rate?”

County compares new-versus-used for tanker truck replacement …………………………… 24Landfi ll leach had been sent to treatment center in tanker that “would no longer hold a weld”

Five questions to ask when choosing a mag meter ……………………………………………… 26Electromagnetic fl owmeters, the author says, provide highaccuracy at a reasonable cost

News in brief …………………………………… 30

New Product Spotlight ……………………… 32

Advertiser Index ……………………………… 32

Group Publisher, Mike Wasson

Ph: 973-539-7715, Email: [email protected]

Editorial Director, Kevin ParkerEmail: [email protected]

Managing Editor, Nick PhillipsEmail: [email protected]

Associate/Web Editor, Christy UnderwoodEmail: [email protected]

Art Director, Brandon WatkinsEmail: [email protected]

Marketing Manager, Mary Beth RomanoEmail: [email protected]

Advertising Sales Assistant, Cookie RayfordEmail: [email protected]

Administrative Team:

General Manager, Barry Lovette

Vice President of Operations, Brent Kizzire

Vice President of Finance, Brad Youngblood

Group Director of Circulation & Fulfi llment, Delicia Poole

Circulation Manager, Anna Hicks

Editorial and Executive Offi ces: 200 Croft Street, Ste 1, Birmingham, AL 35242. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. Canadian Returns to be sent to: Bleuchip International, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON N6C 6B2. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to WATER/WASTE PROCESSING Magazine, PO BOX 2174, Skokie, IL 60076-7874. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Non-qualifi ed domestic subscriptions: one year, $25; two year, $50; single issue, $10. Canadian and foreign surface subscriptions: one year, $45; two year, $80. Air mail subscription: one year, $100; two year, $175. © Grand View Media Group, 2013. WATER/WASTE PROCESSING Magazine assumes no responsibility for validity of claims in item reports.

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Water WasteProcessing

2 October 2013 | Water/Waste Processing | www.waterwaste.com

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Productivity Perspectives

Twenty-seven years ago, Rex Plaizier had

little idea that Salt Lake City, Utah-based

WesTech Engineering would prove to be

such a big part of his life. “I thought my future

would be with some major global corpora-

tion,” says Plaizier. “But when I interviewed

with WesTech, even though it had only 20

employees at the time, I was immediately

drawn to what they were doing.”

This month, after spending the last five

years as company president, Plaizier

assumed the additional title of CEO of

WesTech, which itself is enjoying its 40th

anniversary this year.

WesTech Engineering designs process

equipment for municipal water and waste-

water treatment as well as industrial and

minerals processing. WesTech’s former

CEO, Steve Brewster, successfully led the

company the past five years. During his

tenure, WesTech’s annual revenue increased

nearly 53%. He is taking a step back from

that position due to illness.

Thus, WesTech is a well-run company

that doesn’t need a new CEO to “fix”

anything or make wholesale changes. “I’ve

been asked a number of times in what di-

rection I mean to take the company,” Plai-

zier says. “But WesTech, with its employee

ownership culture, was founded on values

of doing the right thing. That’s always been

reflected in our work and will remain a con-

stant. We will continue to forge innovative

technologies and processes.”

A little more than a year ago, WesTech

purchased from Siemens Industry its con-

ventional water treatment business, including

the Microfloc and General Filter product port-

folios. This business strategically comple-

ments the position WesTech already holds

in wastewater treatment markets. Sixty-two

active employees dedicated to the water-

treatment business joined WesTech.

Differentiation delineated

“The two are clearly differentiated,” says

Plaizier, “But issues related to water re-

use, for example, are bringing them closer

together. The conventional water treatment

business offered us more opportunities for

growth, simply because of the already strong

position we have on the wastewater side.”

The secret, says Plaizier, is having some-

thing besides innovative technology. Brand

strength and reputation makes new technol-

ogy adoption palatable for its customers.

“This is a conservative industry, and rightly

so,” he says.

In January, WesTech reintroduced the Mi-

crofloc and General Filter Brands to the mu-

nicipal water treatment market, where they’ve

not had much exposure for many years.

General Filter was founded in 1935 in

Ames, Iowa. It has a long tradition of inno-

vation, beginning with the invention of the

ATOMERATOR system – a way of introduc-

ing oxygen into a process stream without

breaking system pressure. General Filter

became an industry leader for water treat

equipment, including common-underdrain

filter systems, package treatment systems,

direct-retention underdrain caps and back-

wash systems.

Microfloc was founded in 1961 and is

known for several water treatment meth-

ods, including the mixed-media filter bed,

the first commercially viable tube settler,

the upflow Adsorption Clarifier System and

a method for electronic control of coagula-

tion chemical addition. Microfloc continues

this tradition with the Trident HS system, a

sophisticated package treatment system.

In retrospect

Looking back on the last several years,

Plaizier says, “Every market is going to go

through cycles. It’s easier, and more enjoy-

able, to be prepared for the upswings. When

the market is soft, key players may be forced

to make decisions that are economically

driven. There may be a drop in quality and

competitors are favored based on a low-cost

approach.”

Facing ahead, international competitors in

water and wastewater markets are looking

to enter U.S. markets, Plaizier says. The fix

for that, he concludes, is to emphasize the

range of solutions WesTech Engineering

has to offer, resultiing in a complete, well-

performing process for its customers.

Plaizier holds Master’s Degrees in Min-

ing Engineering and in Business Admin-

istration. WesTech Engineering today has

530 employees.

Kevin Parker, Editorial [email protected]

By Kevin Parker, Editorial Director

Process-equipment engineering firm continues to march»

Write In 103

Residents of the beautiful Fox River valley

west of Chicago, which includes the cities

and towns of Aurora, St. Charles, Batavia

and Geneva, recently received by morning

mail something of a rude awakening.

A letter from their Fox Metro Water Recla-

mation District informed them that to meet

its financial obligations, Fox Metro would

immediately increase its user fees by 30%.

After that, user fees will increase by 5%

each year for a period of ten years. The net

effect is that the average user in the next

year will see fees go up about $100 total.

What the valley’s inhabitants had awoke

to was the current state of the water and

wastewater infrastructure in the United

States.

“The real issue is that municipalities

haven’t been pricing for the real cost of

water and that infrastructure is failing,”

says Mark Leinmuler, water-wastewater

segment manager, Schneider Electric. “In

some places wooden piping is still in place.

Sewage is getting into waterways. And the

most damning statistic is the estimate that

municipalities lose on average about 16%

of the water they put into distribution.”

The Fox River is listed as “impaired”

by the federal Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), Fox Metro has told its dwell-

ing owners. “Despite the fact that Fox Metro

meets or exceeds all of its permit limits and

conditions, Fox Metro has been mandated

by the state and federal EPA to make major

improvements to its wastewater treatment

processes to further improve the treated

discharge to the Fox River.”

Hopefully, the note of denial of respon-

sibility in the above statement is meant

merely to deflect blame for the situation to

far-off Washington D.C., and doesn’t reflect

a fundamental split on whether action really

needs to be taken.

Get busy

Fox Metro and all other dischargers along

the Fox River basin — including wastewater

treatment plants, municipal combined and

storm sewer pipes and rural field tiles — will

be required to implement an aggressive

20-year plan to attain water quality compli-

ance. In addition, part of Fox Metro’s aging

infrastructure will need to be upgraded to

meet new safety and environmental compli-

ance standards.

Fox Metro says it has already begun

implementing some needed improvements,

but concludes by noting that $262 million

will need to be spent over the next 10 years


True cost of wastewater treatment starts to hit home

EPA mandates major improvements, even where permit limits are already met; think tanks and suppliers see the wisdom of it

»

The Fox River, although listed as impaired by the EPA, is a favorite with hikers, bikers and bird

watchers, and even includes its share of ishermen.

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to meet the unfunded EPA mandates.

Above and beyond mandates, and things

that must be done, what will the future hold,

and what should the future hold, for Fox

Metro and other U.S. municipalities and

utilities?

Across the country the U.S. water

infrastructure is in crisis, says a conven-

ing report from “Charting New Waters,” an

alliance of organizations calling for action,

under the auspices of the Johnson Founda-

tion at Wingspread, based in Racine, Wis.

In its report, the Foundation’s perspective

on the challenges ahead and an emerging

framework for a continuum of change is

presented.

The U.S. faces profound problems of ag-

ing components, stressed natural systems

and outdated technology, says the Founda-

tion’s report. Systems for drinking water,

wastewater, stormwater and groundwater

are struggling to meet current needs and

are ill-equipped to handle the impacts of

climate change.

For those interested, in this regard, a re-

port from Climate Central, released in April

2013, includes data on treatment facility

failures caused by Hurricane Sandy.

Most built systems are highly central-

ized and vulnerable to single-point system

failures, the Johnson Foundation report

continues, while overflows of combined

stormwater and sanitary sewer systems

continue to regularly contaminate water

bodies in hundreds of municipalities.

One reason for the situation are frag-

mented and inflexible governance struc-

tures as well as substantial financial and

public perception challenges that inhibit

the implementation of technology, manage-

ment and policy innovations that promise

substantial benefits.

To put it in simpler terms, what is most

striking to many professionals in the water

and wastewater industries is the stark dif-

ference between procurement practices

in the industrial private sector as opposed

to the public sector. The differences are so

stark that, to start, most suppliers to both

sectors completely separate the two in

terms of sales and other important business

practices. In the private sector, it is often

enough for a supplier to provide a solution

that the buyer knows it will stand behind. In

the public sector, for obvious reasons, this

type of good-faith commitment isn’t near

as possible and the drill includes exhaus-

tive specifications and tortuous and often

delayed approval processes.

The result, amongst others, is that waste-

water treatments plants are not taking full

advantage of emerging technologies that

convert waste streams into productive re-

sources, such as fuel for energy generation.

“Within wastewater in general there is

enough energy to produce the power

to treat it,” says Leinmuler. “Some sites

will provide surplus energy. Instead of an

energy hog, it can provide a recoverable

resource.”

And processors are missing out on a lot

of other things besides. The report con-

cludes that decision makers would be wise

to consider their need for a system that can

encompass acute, episodic events, such

as natural or man-made disasters, as well

as trends such as population growth or

drought. It also says that the application of

triple-bottom-line analytical methods that

consider environmental, economic and

social outcomes is a very useful tool.

Looking for action

Schneider Electric is a global automation

supplier with U.S. headquarters in Palatine,

Ill., and total revenues of about $24 bil-

lion in 2012. It is active in many industrial

markets and bills itself as a global specialist

in energy management. Energy and water

issues are inextricably linked of course. In

fact, Schneider cites estimates that state

that for many municipalities, wastewater

systems can be responsible for as much as

60% of total energy spent.

Based on another estimate — that global

freshwater needs will grow by 20% in ma-

ture economies and by 50% in developing

economies by 2025 — Schneider Electric

is committed to educate, supply expertise

and provide solutions to the water/waste-

water industries, including work it’s doing

with Microsoft Corp.

Earlier this summer, Microsoft announced

a new global public service initiative at its

annual Microsoft Worldwide Partner Confer-

ence in Houston, Texas. Called CityNext,

the initiative is meant to help cities plan

for sustainable habitats of tomorrow using

information technology, including cloud

services, applications, and other data

platforms that can be used by municipali-

ties and businesses to share data and drive

operational efficiency.

Today more than 50% of the world’s

population lives in cities, Microsoft says,

and the number is projected to rise to 70%

by 2050, putting immense pressure on

transport, water and energy, healthcare and

security infrastructure.

What can information technology do?

Cloud-enabled services can decongest

physical data storage and put it online to

provide real-time data access and easier


The word on water

departmental sharing and processing.

Enterprise-grade platforms that consist

of Web-based applications and mobile

gadgets allow information access anytime,

anywhere. Updates and unique additions

to current systems can make it compliant

to industry standards or create synergy

between different systems.

Schneider Electric already has applica-

tions for electric, gas and water utilities that

have been developed using Microsoft tools.

Final words

The water sector is still in a relatively “na-

scent” stage of implementing innovation,

concludes the Johnson Foundation report.

Experimentation is underway, with innova-

tion occurring in how water infrastructure is

designed, financed, constructed, managed

and maintained. But today still it is too often

done on a small scale or in isolation.

The report’s recommendations for future

actions include that municipalities and

utilities should look to optimize existing sys-

tems, transition to more resilient systems

and seize opportunities for more transfor-

mative systems.

First, though, water and wastewater utili-

ties need to have a basic understanding of

their vulnerability to the impacts of climate

change, including intense rainfall events

and prolonged droughts. The Johnson

Foundation points out that the water sector

already can draw on vulnerability assess-

ment work ongoing or completed by

utilities in Seattle, San Francisco, New York

City, Boston and Tampa. The Water Utility

Climate Alliance has more information on

these studies.

Other tools that “inform the development

of a broadly applicable framework and

methodology include the American Water

Works Association (AWWA) J-100 RAMCAP

Standard for Risk and Resilience Manage-

ment of Water and Wastewater Systems, as

well as the U.S. EPA’s Climate Resilience

and Assessment Tool (CREAT) and Vulner-

ability Self-Assessment Tool (VSAT).”

www.waterwaste.com | Water/Waste Processing | October 2013 9

Write In 105

What the valley’s inhabitants had

awoke to was the current state of

the water and wastewater infra-

structure in the United States.

The United States enjoys access to abun-

dant supplies of potable water. But, water

suppliers know what the average person

does not.

“Reliable delivery of affordable water

requires increasingly diverse water sources

and thoughtful decisions in balancing

investments in new sources and infrastruc-

ture while considering the potential water

supply benefits to be gained with effec-

tive water conservation programs,” says

Jennifer Jurado, Ph.D., director, Natural

Resources Planning and Management Div.

for Broward County, Fla.

To meet these type challenges, Broward

County adopted a “big picture” approach

to managing water resources with empha-

sis on regional coordination and manage-

ment strategies. This includes collaboration

with the regional water regulator: the South

Florida Water Management District (SFW-

MD), municipalities, local water utilities and

the numerous other water management

entities across the county.

According to Jurado, water conservation

is critical to this approach. Under pressure,

with a real-time water crisis, Broward Coun-

ty officials and municipal leaders agreed to

create a partnership for water conservation

and education.

Working with 18 municipalities and water

utilities the Broward Water Partnership was

created — a regional collaboration of local

governments committed to making conser-

vation easy and appealing through rebates,

incentives and a sustained outreach cam-

paign. Through marketing, the distribution

of rebates on high-efficiency toilets (HETs)

and by offering free water-conserving

fixtures, the partnership aims to save 30

million gallons of water per day over the

next 20 years.

This management strategy is becoming

more prevalent as water managers and

suppliers deal with more frequent and

severe droughts and as sea level rise and

saltwater intrusion affect coastal water

sources and communities. Today more

than 50% of the U.S. population lives near

the coast and this trend is expected to

increase to 75% in the coming decades.

Water sources are limited, and the avail-

ability of “cheap” water, even more so.

What, then, are the circumstances that

moved Broward County to make changes?

Technologies for production

Alternative water sources and treatment

technologies exist for expanding the total

production of potable water. However,

these are generally expensive, require infra-

structure, and treatment processes can be

energy intensive, while also resulting in the

production of byproducts that must then be

managed.

Saltwater is abundant and offers a long-

term solution, but desalination can be a

costly alternative and may not rank high

in short- and mid-term planning. Water is

recyclable, but the level of treatment can be

fairly intensive, depending on the intended

application, and in most communities ex-

tensive public education and engagement

will be necessary before becoming policy.

“In Southeast Florida there is a complex

set of issues,” Jurado says. “The region is


Cooperation and conservation in regional water management

Broward County, Fla., addresses a unique set of circumstances with an open-handed approach

»

Two-thirds of Broward County remains un-

developed conservation lands as part of the

Everglades. Photo credit: Prill Mediendesign &

Fotograie/iStockphoto/Thinkstock

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Write In 106

densely populated and concentrated in a

coastal zone with a sole-source aquifer that

is vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. While

population growth slowed temporarily, there

is still a projected increase in water demand

of about 12% or 214 million gallons per

day in the next 20 years. At the same time,

restricted use of traditional water sources

and acceleration of saltwater intrusion due

to sea level rise substantially constrains utili-

ties and limits low-cost options.”

Broward County is situated between

Palm Beach and Miami-Dade counties. With

a population of nearly 1.8 million people,

Broward anticipates growth at roughly

1.3% per year over the next 20 years. The

population is expected to reach 2.35 million

by 2030. Balancing the demands for water

with environmental protection is challeng-

ing, and Broward competes with hundreds

of cities and more than a dozen counties for

a limited water supply.

The state of affairs

In Broward County, water is provided by

dozens of public and private utilities.

“Source water is provided from the Bis-

cayne Aquifer which is recharged through

local rainfall, regional canals, and ground-

water seepage from the Everglades,”

explains Jurado. “Ultimately, annual rainfall

replenishes the aquifers that supply more

than 90% of the region’s drinking water.

But, in Florida, most of the rain falls in just

a few months, and with a flat, low-lying

landscape, there is little opportunity for

long-term storage. What is more, demand is

highest when rainfall is lowest as a result of

winter residents and the yearlong irrigation

of lawns and landscapes. This creates a

management challenge.”

The South Florida Water Management

District (SFWMD) regulates water use for 18

counties in South Florida. Presently, Broward

County, like neighboring counties, draws the

majority of its water from the Biscayne Aquifer.

In February 2007, the SFWMD adopted the

Regional Water Availability Rule, which limits

additional withdrawals from the Biscayne

Aquifer. Consequently, it is becoming more

and more critical to explore various alterna-

tives to meet future demands while sustaining

existing water sources.

Jurado says that this challenge is compli-

cated by the number of water managers and

providers throughout the region. Broward

County is just one entity in the long line of wa-

ter providers that is tapping into the Biscayne

Aquifer. Throughout Broward County the

various governmental jurisdictions and water

utility service areas and their boundaries are

not necessarily the same. The 31 municipali-

ties, nearly two-dozen water districts and 28

public and private utilities within Broward

County all share this resource, along with the

equally diverse communities that surround

Broward County.

“Because everyone shares the resource,

it makes sense to work together on man-

agement solutions,” Jurado says.

Saying and doing

“When new water policies and water

shortages were beginning to loom large

and water providers throughout Broward

County were confronted with potential mas-

sive investments there was an organized

effort to consider more cost-affordable

alternatives, including water conservation,”

Jurado says.

While conservation is by far the least ex-

pensive way to provide “new water,” water

conservation is often deemphasized and

under-funded as part of long-term water

supply planning strategy.

Broward County’s collaborative ef-

forts in clude technical and conservation

strategies,various cost-share and grant

programs, and the coordination of regional

policy and technical advisory boards dedi-

cated to water resource issues, the Board

of County Commissioners and Broward

League of Cities. This collaborative ap-

proach among municipal and county lead-

ers has proven to provide the most efficient

use of the avail able water while protecting

the environment and the supporting the

community.

As a matter of policy, the Broward County

Commission believes that water resource

management can continue to improve from

intergovernmental cooperation and imple-

mentation of effective conservation pro-

grams. Broward has sought to ensure that

policy and programs are implemented in a

manner that meets the needs of the urban

population while providing the highest level

of protections for the natural environment.

This is particularly true in the area of

water resource management and Ever-

glades restoration. Two-thirds of the County

remains undeveloped conservation lands

as part of the Everglades natural system.

The Everglades restoration project is the

largest of its kind in the world. The Ever-

glades is essential to both water supply and

the quality of life throughout South Florida

and today is increasingly realized to be

fundamental to regional climate mitigation

and adaptation efforts.


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Eden Prairie, Minn. “A fi ltration system for the

coolant is required to help remove some of

the grindings, which we call ‘swarf’.”

Eaton Corp., Beachwood, Ohio, is a

global, diversifi ed power management

company and an industrial manufacturer

with 2012 sales of more than $16.3 bil-

lion and more than 100,000 employees.

Eaton Corp. organizes itself in fi ve busi-

ness groups: electrical, aerospace, vehicle,

hydraulics and fi ltration.

The Eaton hydraulics group supplies cus-

tom solutions based on a comprehensive

line-up of pumps, motors, transmissions,

valves, cylinders and controls. Respected

brands under the Eaton banner include

Aeroquip, Boston, Char-Lynn, Hydrokraft,

Hydrowa, Hydro-Line, Integrated Hydrau-

lics, SEL, Synfl ex, Vickers, Walterscheid

and Weatherhead.

At the Eden Prairie plant, over time, swarf

accumulated at the bottom of the machin-

ing tanks. “But it doesn’t just sit there,”

Saldivar says. “It also makes the coolant

less effective. As swarf continues to build

up, we have to shut our machines down,

shovel it out of there and then refi ll the

machines with more coolant.”

Didn’t stand pat

Clearly, the work was time-consuming,

labor-intensive and ended up costing a

fair amount of money. Therefore, Saldivar

took steps to improve the situation. But as

it happened, he didn’t have to look very far.

The Eaton fi ltration group, at that very mo-

ment, was in the midst of launching a new

mobile shop fl oor fi ltration system, known

as FloWash.

Rick Jacobs, president of the fi ltration

group, visited Saldivar’s plant and asked him

to take a look at the product. “We were dis-

cussing opportunities,” adds Saldivar, “and

coolant fi ltration was a great opportunity.”

The FloWash system operates in-line or

as a stand-alone portable system at up to

45 gpm of machining coolant, oil, water or

other liquids. It allows for rejuvenating fl uids

anywhere in a plant. Key components on

the industrial fi lter cart include:

•A one-piece body, fabricated fi lter vessel

with safe, reliable access for bag

replacement, with no tools required.

•Ergonomic, integral cover handle is

easy to open and close.

•Powered by compressed air, the double

diaphragm pump does not require

electric power.


Many benefi ts follow from putting cart before ‘swarf’

Sourced from sister division, mobile shop-fl oor fi ltration system saves Eaton Hydraulics plant estimated $12,000 a year

»

A mobile, shop-fl oor fi ltration system that allows rejuvenation of liquids can operate stand-alone or in-line, and is capable of handling up to 45 gpm of coolant or other liquids.

Plant maintenance

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•Filter bag options include LOFCLEAR,

HAYFLOW, DURAGAF, SENTINEL and

UNIBAG.

•Five separate vessel models are

available.

Saldivar decided to give the cart a try, but

not before making a few modiications, with

the most signiicant being the addition of

larger, 18-inch wheels to make the system

easier to handle and even more mobile. He

also added lightweight suction and pressure

hoses to simplify setup and hose storage.

Significant benefits

“The cart is used on nine different ma-

chines and moves through the plant on a

rotational basis,” Saldivar says. “Our initial

estimate on cost savings is about $12,000

per year. That’s based on signiicantly re-

ducing the ilter paper that we were using,

and also the cost savings associated with

not having to clean the tanks as often.”

Additional beneits include a doubling

of coolant life; reduced costs associated

with recycling or disposing of coolant; im-

proved tooling savings based on improved

coolant low; and better overall quality of

inished components.

The cart, he notes, helps his facility

contribute to one of Eaton’s top priori-

ties — implementing sustainable business

practices. “I know we send out a lot less

coolant from the plant,” says Saldivar.

“So we are deinitely reducing our waste

stream.”

Eaton Corp.

www.eaton.comWrite In 200

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Write In 109


“We were discussing opportunities,” adds Saldivar, “and coolant filtration was a great op-portunity.”

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Write In 110

A large meat processor in Michigan was

having repeated problems with its submers-

ible pumps.

The problematic pumps controlled

evacuation of the plant’s wet wells. These

10-hp, 4-inch non-clog, cast-iron units were

installed in the main lift station that pumped

from the factory’s wastewater pretreatment

plant to the city’s force main sewer. The

wet well of this treatment plant lift station

catches the effluent from the entire opera-

tion, i.e., the process waste stream and

sanitary sewer line.

At an USFDA certified meat processing

plant, product quality and public safety

are primary concerns, and plants adhere

to strict federal guidelines. As you might

expect, meat processing requires the

conveyance of many process fluids and

wastes. Operational success is contingent

upon moving these liquids efficiently and

continuously.

Two streams combined

At the meat processing plant, the process

waste stream includes a mix of spices,

meat juices and cleaning chemicals, while

the sanitary sewer line handles restrooms

and showers.

Interestingly enough, cold-cut meats are

involved in three types of processing, listed

below. The first two are accomplished at

the plant under discussion.

•Whole cuts use a section of meat or poul-

try that has been cooked and flavored with

spices or sugars, then sliced. These are typi-

cally the more expensive type of cold cuts.

Examples are turkey breast and roast beef.

•Sectioned and formed cold cuts are

restructured meat products. They are pre-

pared from chunks or pieces of meat that

are bonded together to form a single meat

loaf. Examples would be chicken roll and

cooked ham.

•Processed meats, which make up the

bulk of cold cut offerings, are chopped,

seasoned and formed into a symmetrical

shape. An example would be bologna.

The sanitary sewer line, as might be

expected, contains a heavy load of sanitary

products, including wipes and personal

hygiene products.

The solids content from this combined

flow caused continual blockages, mean-

ing the non-clog pumps had to be pulled

at least once a week to be cleared,

cleaned and reset. Weekly maintenance

of the “non-clog” pumps was done by an

outside contractor and involved use of a

small crane, at a cost of $350 per visit. This


Submersible pumps shred solids before passing the liquid

Meat processor eliminates $20,000 annual maintenance expense»

Operations efficiency

The wet well from a meat plant catches efluent from the entire operation, both the process waste stream and sanitary sewer line.

TO IMPROVE YOUR PROCESS AND YOUR PROFITS.Removing oil early in the wastewater treatment process is the first step to efficiency and cost savings

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amounted to more than $20,000 a year in

extra maintenance expense.

Additional risk and cost were involved

should the pumps not operate effectively.

If the waste treatment plant could not

discharge to the city, the plant would be

forced to bypass the pretreatment plant and

thereby face substantial fi nes from the city.

Time to act

Called in by the meat processor, Ken

Weichhand, west Michigan manager for Kerr

Pump and Supply, a Detroit, Mich.-based

fl uid-handling distributor, studied the sys-

tem and media-handling requirements and

proposed a solution whereby the existing

pumping units were replaced with shredder

pumps, i.e., pumps that “shred” solids before

passing the liquid.

The pumps used for the project are

already found in farm and food sump ap-

plications handling agricultural and animal

waste. Detroit-based BJM Pumps’ SK series

Shredder pumps leave solids slightly larger

than if passed through a grinder pump.

The shredding action is produced using a

non-clog cutting impeller — with tungsten

carbide vane tips referred to as “teeth” —

against a high-chrome “scalloped” wear

plate.

The cutting teeth shred solids against the

pump-suction plate, continuously ripping

them apart with a 360-degree shredding

action. It works on many objects that would

clog an ordinary pump. The hardened

impeller and plate materials have maximum

wear resistance for

long service life.

Other important

life-cycle enhanc-

ing features of the

SK Series Shredder

Pumps include:

•304SS motor

housing provides

superior abrasion

resistance. It will not

wear out like alumi-

num motor hous-

ings when pumping

water with abrasive

content.

•Robust pump

construction —

hardened cast

iron stands up to

rough handling

and pumping gritty

water unlike pumps

with soft-resin impellers or plastic exterior

components. Cast stainless steel is avail-

able for added corrosion protection.

•More motor protection — Winding

protection and (NEMA) Class F motor

insulation allows motor temperature to raise

to 230 F, superior to pumps with Class A

and B insulation. An automatic switch turns

the pump motor off if the temperature or

amperage draw rises too high. When the

motor cools the switch will automatically

reset and the pump will turn back on.

•Three-seal motor protection provided

by double mechanical seals. The lower seal

is made of silicon carbide/silicon carbide,

while the upper is made of carbon/ceramic.

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Write In 112


Operations effi ciency

A “shredder” pump leaves solids slightly larger

than if passed through a grinder pump. The

shredding action is produced using a non-clog

cutting impeller — with tungsten carbide vane

tips referred to as “teeth” — against a high-

chrome “scalloped” wear plate.

while the upper is made of carbon/ceramic. An additional lip seal

has been installed above the impeller, to help prevent abrasives

from entering the seal chamber.

Kerr installed two BJM SK110C shredder pumps and rail systems

in the problematic sump. Kerr saved the customer additional ex-

pense by using the existing control panel and upgrading the motor

starters to handle the 15-hp motors.

Since their installation about 16 months ago, the BJM pumps

have run without incident. Savings total more than $22,400 with

an annual contribution to this plant’s bottom line of $20,000.

Since the project’s completion, the meat processor has

changed out additional pumps in its wastewater treatment plant

with shredder pumps.

Mike Bjorkman is director of marketing and IT, BJM Pumps.

Kerr Pump and Supply was founded in Detroit, Mich., in 1905.

Three years before the famous Ford Model T and the founding

of General Motors, Kerr was providing highly engineered, cost

effective, efficient and reliable equipment for Michigan’s indus-

trial, commercial and municipal markets. Today, Kerr represents

corporate America, Europe and Asia’s premier brands of fluid-

and air-handling equipment.

BJM Pumps, Old Saybrook, Conn., has provided fluid-handling

solutions for industrial and municipal services since 1983. Over

its 30-year history, BJM Pumps has grown quickly by supply-

ing world-class pumps and accessories, priced competitively,

through its global network of stocking distributors.

BJM Pumps

www.bjmpumps.comWrite In 201


•More motor protection — Winding

•Three-seal motor protection provided

by double mechanical seals. The lower seal

Write In 113

If the waste treatment plant could not discharge to

the city, the plant would be forced to bypass the

pretreatment plant and thereby face substantial

fines from the city.

The activated sludge process is the most

widely used biological water and waste-

water treatment. As is well known, by its

means, suspended-growth microorganisms

are applied to breakdown wastes. Aeration,

the mixing of air and a liquid, is the means

used to speed the reactions involved.

Aeration methods include spraying the

liquid into the air; diffusing air into the liquid

or agitating the liquid to promote surface

adsorption of air.

Aeration can be “conventional rate”

based on mechanical aeration, or “extend-

ed rate” based on diffused aeration.

An extended-aeration system includes

capabilities for aeration & mixing, settling,

return of activated sludge and solids remov-

al, this last in the form of a biomass known

as waste-activated sludge. An activated

sludge process re-circulates part of the

biomass as an integral part of the process.

Awareness of the basic parameters mea-

sured in controlling an extended-aeration sys-

tem can ensure proper treatment is carried

out, such that legal and regulatory require-

ments for effluent discharge quality are met.

Devilish details

As mentioned, there are two commonly

used process-loading ranges for operating

activated-sludge systems. A “conventional-

rate” process involves five to 15 days resi-

dence time, while an “extended aeration-rate”

process has a slower, or lower, residence time

of between 20 to 40 days.

Plants operating within an extended-aer-

ation range are usually small and without

24-hour-per-day operator attendance.

They ordinarily operate within a mean cell

residence time (MCRT) in a range of 20-40

days and a food/microorganism (F/M) ratio

between 0.05-0.15 lbs.

MCRT is the average time a microorganism

will spend in the activated sludge process

under aeration. F/M ratio is a measure of food

provided to bacteria under aeration in a tank.

“Food provided” refers to the biochemical

oxygen demand (BOD) entering the aeration

tank per day, measured in pounds.

BOD must be at a rate sufficient for the or-

ganisms to use the oxygen in water or waste-

water while stabilizing decomposable organic

matter under aerobic conditions. In decom-

position, organic matter serves as food for the

bacteria and energy results from its oxidation.

BOD measurements are used to characterize

the organic strength of wastes in water. The

phrase “bacteria under aeration” refers to the

pounds of BOD in the aeration tank.

It is important to measure mixed liquor

volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and not

just MLSS because MLVSS measures the

live bacteria portion of MLSS. A healthy

percentage of MLVSS to MLSS is =>75%.

Sludge wasting not necessary

An extended aeration process is some-

times referred to as a “total oxidation pro-

cess,” which means all the primary treated

or influent BOD is converted to CO2.

This is why some say removal of waste-

activated sludge, commonly referred to

as “sludge wasting,” isn’t necessary for

extended-aeration systems. In actuality, it

is not practical to achieve a total oxidation

process, and even after quite long periods

of aeration, suspended matter remains in

the effluent. Although sludge wasting may

not be required on a daily basis in plants

operating with extended aeration, occa-

sional wasting is surely preferred.

Often, extended-aeration effluent con-

tains small pin-size suspended solids

known as “floc,” which may be seen as

passing over the weirs of the secondary

clarifier. When the loading in an extended-

aeration plant is in the higher portion

of the loading range, operating issues

may occur. Because the entire extended

aeration range is in the nitrification zone,

de-nitrification and rising sludge issues may

exist. Moreover, greasy foam, filaments

and poor settle-ability at low loading may

occur under these conditions. If possible,

these dilemmas can be addressed using

additional aeration capacity or decreasing

MLSS and MLVSS under aeration.

While some sludge wasting is preferred,

many operators believe wasting is not neces-

sary, and indeed, many small extended-

aeration plants have no facilities for wasting.

Under these circumstances, it may be com-


The ins and outs of sludge wastingSomeone recently asked, ‘What are the process parameters of an activated sludge system operating at an extended aeration rate?’

»

By Daniel L. Theobald

The wastewater wizard

mon for solids to carry over the clarifier weirs

whenever fluctuations in flow occur. Unfortu-

nately, this can cause a meaningful reduction

in removal efficiency percentages.

Final words

If the operator of an extended aeration

plant periodically experiences the loss of

solids over the effluent weirs, two coun-

termeasures can be used: regular sludge

wasting and flow equalization. Of the two,

sludge wasting is certainly the most impor-

tant. A meticulous operator should keep

track of the solids intentionally wasted, and

the solids that unintentionally go over the

effluent weirs. Based on the results, the

plant can be operated to achieve a specific

value of MCRT between 20-40 days.

Even if a plant isn’t equipped for sludge

wasting, the operator should attempt to im-

provise a temporary or permanent scheme.

Depending on plant design, geography and

environmental conditions, the operator may

be able to arrange for wasting. The sludge

from plants of this sort may already be

“aerobically” digested. Therefore, it may not

have an offensive odor.

Even when regular wasting is carried out,

a high degree of flow deviation in extended

aeration plants will cause loss of solids. This is

probably due to the particular characteristics

of the floc produced in the low loading range,

as well as changes in flow. In certain cases, if

the aeration tank is large enough, the opera-

tor may be able to arrange a substitute that

will allow the use of the aeration tank as a flow

equalizer. Strategic modifications of this sort

may dramatically improve suspended solids

removal in plants where losses are primarily

due to flow-rate inconsistency.

Certain general steps for controlling

extended aeration processes have been

described above; however, if you have spe-

cific extended aeration or other wastewater

queries, please submit a question.


Write In 114

Submit your questions on wastewater treatment issues to Dan. View the answers in Water/Waste Processing magazine and its associated newsletters and website.

www.ProcessingMagazine.com/ Ask-the-Wastewater-Expert

Whether it’s using coupons or haggling

with the car salesman, people enjoy getting a

good deal. But as the Board of Commission-

ers in Candler County, Ga., recently learned

firsthand, previously owned equipment may

not always be the best deal. As for County

Administrator Jim Flynt, he saw how the best

deal also could go beyond price to encom-

pass customization and service.

Located within Candler County, the

area’s landfill receives approximately 1,600

tons of garbage each year. From this waste

comes leachate — the runoff produced

from the decomposition of waste within the

landfill. Most counties commonly transport

this toxic fluid to treatment centers to avoid

further environmental issues.

The Candler County Board of Commis-

sioners has always taken the appropriate

steps to be sure its county landfill is safe for

residents and sanitation department work-

ers. The department’s tanker, which it used

to haul leach water, had been in operation

for a long time and seen better days. In fact,

the unit had been patched so many times it

would no longer hold a weld.

Candler County considers

Flynt began researching options. Like

most local governments, Candler County

needed a good price as well as something

that would last for years to come. Flynt

called several dealers, quoting out used

tankers that would meet the county’s sani-

tation needs. After a fair amount of talk, he

was surprised by the high prices for used

tankers. Ten-year-old tankers came at a

high price — around $44,000.

Eventually, someone steered Flynt to-

ward Toledo, Ill.-headquartered Ervin Equip-

ment. “They priced a brand-new 165-barrel

aluminum tanker. They specified a tanker

with a lined interior specific to leach water

transport.”

Jeff Weber, a company VP, notes the

competition for good used trailers is hot. He

explained that it’s common for an unnaturally

steep drop in supply to sometimes occur be-

cause manufacturers feel the pinch of a down

economy. Customers begin to curb purchas-

es, so they cut production even further.

In a tight market

Still, every carrier needs to replace equip-

ment, so finding the right model year with

the right specifications becomes extremely

difficult. And, for those who are fortunate

enough to find what they need, the price

can be unusually high.

“Availability is tight and will remain that way

for a while,” said Weber. “Trailer models from

2008 to 2010 are hard to come by because

production of trailers was down during that

time due to the recession. The most recent

models available were manufactured from

2005 to 2007, and everyone is trying to get

those. Buyers are forced to choose between

purchasing a trailer that is at least eight years

old or one that is brand new.”

But Ervin was able to supply a new

tanker for just $19,000 more than a used

unit. Considering the extra life a new unit

would provide, Flynt determined a new

tanker would be the best route. He figured

the new aluminum tanker should last 20

years or longer with proper maintenance.

Ervin Equipment says new and used

semi-trailer fleets is its business, includ-

ing dry vans, reefers, low boys, chassis,

flatbeds and tankers.

Ervin Equipment, Inc.

www.ervinusa.comWrite In 202


County compares new-versus-used for tanker truck replacement

Landfill leach had been sent to treatment center in tanker that ‘would no longer hold a weld’

»

Municipalities

The new tanker was supplied for just $19,000 more than a quoted used unit.

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Write In 115

The ideal starting point for choosing an

electromagnetic flowmeter is not with a

manufacturer’s specifications, but with the

details of your unique application. Electro-

magnetic flowmeters are often the meter

of choice when considering cost, accuracy

and longevity. Here are some tips that can

assist with ensuring that the electromagnetic

flowmeter is the right choice.

It’s important to note that all electromag-

netic flowmeters work with conductive liq-

uids only, and that the flow of compressible

fluids (gasses) cannot be measured with

electromagnetic flowmeters.

1. What is your budget?

How much have you been allocated in

your organization’s budget? Typically when

choosing a flowmeter, the higher the accu-

racy, the higher the cost. So, when consider-

ing an electromagnetic flowmeter, cost and

accuracy go hand in hand.

The reliable electromagnetic flowmeter

has proven its ability to provide a very high

accuracy rate with a very reasonable cost.

Return on investment (ROI) is typically less

than six months, and the accuracy achieved

can be as high as .25% to .5% of flow rate.

Considered one of the best choices when

it comes to flowmetering, this type of meter

can be applied in a wide range of industrial

and municipal applications.

The primary advantage of electromag-

netic flowmeters is that they have no moving

parts. As a result, maintenance is typically

minimal. Expected service life is 30 years.

Depending on your fluid media or water

quality, the electrodes may need to be peri-

odically cleaned according to the manufac-

turer’s recommendations.

When looking at different electromagnetic

flowmeters be sure to compare the cost of

installation and maintenance. The next step

is to amortize the cost of the flowmeter over

its lifespan.

2. What are the application

requirements?

Documenting and reviewing applica-

tion requirements includes identifying

the fluid media, media temperature, flow

range and pressure.

Depending on whether the fluid media

is drinking water or wastewater, the type

of electromagnetic meter that would

work best for the application varies. It

depends on the electrode material and

the sensor liner or coating that comes

in contact with the media. Knowing the

media being measured is only part of the

understanding of the overall application.


Five questions to ask whenchoosing a mag meter Electromagnetic flowmeters, the author says, provide high accuracy

at a reasonable cost »

Flow technology

The process equipment line shown includes several electromagnetic lowmeters.

By Katie Englin

Some electromagnetic fl owmeters are

affected by fl uid temperature and operat-

ing pressure. The same electromagnetic

fl owmeter used for a 150-psi application

may not work for a 300-psi application.

Most electromagnetic fl owmeter specifi -

cation sheets indicate the specifi c pres-

sure and temperature rating of the meter

in question. Be sure the meter selected

has specifi cations that meet the applica-

tion needs.

What are the characteristics of the fl uid

being measuring? In this regard, things

to consider include the following:

• Is the fl uid being measured conduc-

tive? If the fl uid is not conductive, an elec-

tromagnetic fl owmeter will not work.

• What is your line size? This will deter-

mine the cost of the meter.

• Do you have suffi cient room to install

this meter? Typically an electromagnetic

fl owmeter has minimum upstream and

downstream straight-run requirements in

order to measure the fl uid fl ow accurate-

ly. Flow disturbers must be considered

as well — modulating valves, chemical

injection points and anything that would

compromise the fl uid fl ow before it’s

measured by the electromagnetic fl ow-

meter.

• What is the fl uid being measured? Is

the measured fl uid corrosive? Is the mea-

sured fl uid clean water or wastewater?

These are relevant details when evaluat-

ing the type of lining in the electromag-

netic fl owmeter. Common liners that are

available with today’s electromagnetic

fl owmeters are hard rubber, neoprene,

Tefl on, Tefzel and ceramic. However,

these types of liners do come with a

risk of delamination. An electromag-

netic meter with a fusion-bonded liner is

recommended to avoid the possibility of

delamination issues altogether.

3. How important are

accuracy and range?

How accurate does your fl ow measure-

ment need to be? Electromagnetic meters,

in general, are highly accurate fl owmeters.

Accuracy for an electromagnetic fl owmeter

is based on the percent of reading accura-

cy. Most of them offer +/-.5% accuracy with

no head loss. Whether using a full-bore

mag meter or a full-profi le insertion mag

meter, be sure the meter chosen offers

precisely the accuracy needed.

What is meant by percent of reading

accuracy? It is the degree of precision with

which the meter can measure the indicated

fl ow rate at that fl ow rate.

An example of this accuracy statement is

as follows:

If the meter’s percent of reading accuracy

is described as .5% at 100 GPM, this means

that while the meter is reporting the fl ow rate

being 100 GPM, it could actually be any-

where from 99.5 GPM (-.5%) to 100.5 GPM

(+.5%).

In addition, range, or turndown, must be

considered in the selection process for an

electromagnetic fl owmeter. Turndown is the

fl ow range of the meter, from the highest

rate of fl ow it can measure accurately to the

lowest rate of fl ow it can measure accurate-

ly, within the meter’s percent of reading ac-

curacy specifi cation. The typical turndown

ratio for an electromagnetic fl owmeter is

160 to 1.

An example of turndown: If the maximum

fl ow rate is 100 GPM, this electromagnetic

fl owmeter can read down to .625 GPM and

maintain a specifi cation accuracy of +/-.5%

of fl ow rate.

4. What about upstream and

downstream piping?

If a fl owmeter is placed too close to

pumps, valve elbows or other obstruc-

tions, unstable or irregular fl ows can

impact performance. Electromagnetic

fl owmeters typically require minimal

upstream and downstream straight-run

pipe. These requirements can depend on

whether the meter is part of a new piping

project, a retrofi t or a line expansion. In-

stallation requirements also vary depend-

ing on whether a full-bore mag meter or

a full-profi le insertion meter is chosen.

Nearly all major electromagnetic fl owme-

ter technologies require a manufacturer’s

specifi ed pipe diameter straight-run up-

stream and downstream from the meter

to ensure a stable fl ow profi le.

Failure to comply with the

manufacturer’s installation

requirements for up-

stream and downstream

straight-pipe run

often leads to either

poor accuracy or

inconsistent per-

formance.

Always check

the mag meter

specifi cation

sheets to

verify the up-

stream and

down-


Write In 116

stream straight-run requirements. Most

manufacturers provide these require-

ments. Be sure the meter selected will fi t

in the spot it’s intended for.

5. What makes for ease of

installation?

The ease of installing an electromag-

netic fl owmeter depends greatly on the

line size, type of meter chosen and the

location in your application.

For smaller line sizes (12 inches and

under), a full-bore electromagnetic

fl owmeter may be the best choice. For

larger line sizes, the heavier weight of

full-bore meters typically requires use of

a crane, along with the necessary extra

personnel, working space and installation

time. A full-profi le insertion meter, on the

other hand, can provide an economical

exception to costly installation on larger

line sizes. While some meters require

installers to shut the line down to install

fl anges to accept a traditional full-bore

type fl owmeter, a full-profi le insertion

meter can be installed via hot tap while

under pressure, thus avoiding taking the

line out of service.

Katie Englin is a senior marketing spe-

cialist with McCrometer. McCrometer is a

fl ow instrumentation specialist in fl owme-

tering solutions. McCrometer develops

innovative, high-quality, precision fl owme-

ters for the most demanding liquid, steam

and gas measurement applications. Mc-

Crometer says its FPI Mag meter repre-

sents the next generation of development

of magnetic fl owmeter technology and

employs a ground-breaking confi guration

whereby the coils and electrodes are as-

sembled in a tube that inserts into a pipe

perpendicular to the full profi le of the fl ow

stream. The advantages of this confi gu-

ration are numerous in a wide variety of

applications. In fi t and form the FPI Mag is

unique; in function the FPI Mag meter is

just that — a mag meter.

McCrometer

www.mccrometer.comWrite In 203

Flow technology

Connect with Processing Online

Visit ProcessingMagazine.com, GlobalProcessingMag.com and WaterWaste.com for the latest process industry news, expert blogs and state-of-the-art products from leading-edge companies worldwide.

The primary advantage of electro-

magnetic fl owmeters is that they

have no moving parts.


S O L U T I O N S F O R T H E P R O C E S S I N D U S T R I E S

GLOBAL

The most effective way to stay on top of the international process industries

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Global Processing magazine keeps readers on top of the growing trends in the international marketplace, along with the latest news in the chemical, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and water/wastewater industries. It also features exclusive articles and guest columns from some of the top minds around the world.

This unique, interactive magazine will be emailed six times in 2013. Now is the time to fi nd out whyGlobal Processing has been called “The blueprint for future international magazines.”

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GLOBAL

July 2013FEATURES

CHINESE PHARMA INDUSTRY EYES

INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

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EUROPEAN REFINERIES

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Write In 117


The amount of treated wastewater used

globally for purposes like farming will rise in

the future, according to a new joint study by

Japan’s Tottori University and the United Na-

tions University’s Institute for Water, Environ-

ment and Health (UNU-INWEH).

As fresh water supply becomes a major

issue in many parts of the world, wastewa-

ter treatment that can allow water reuse is

set to gain popularity, the research found.

However, at present many countries still

lack the resources and the infrastructure to

treat wastewater. Less than a third of the 181

countries studied had records on the three

key aspects of wastewater — generation,

treatment and reuse. A similar proportion

had no record on any of these, the study

showed.

In North America, the annual amount of

water treated is equivalent to the volume of

the water flowing over Niagara Falls, but only

4% of it is reused. Overall, 85 cubic km of

wastewater is generated in North America

every year, with about 61 cubic km of this

actually treated. Close to half of all reclaimed

water in states like California and Florida is

used for irrigation, data shows.

According to UNU-INWEH director Zafar

Adeel, wastewater treatment could have an

enormous economic value. For example,

treating wastewater can cut costs for fertil-

izer production because nutrients such as

potash, nitrogen and phosphorus could be

extracted in the treatment process, the study

said.

Global membrane wastewater

treatment market to reach $3

billion in 2021

Once confined to niche production and

used marginally, membrane technologies

are now among the most preferred waste-

water treatment solutions for municipal and

industrial uses, according to a new report

published by Reportlinker.

The market is rapidly expanding, driven by

lower operation and production costs and

by increased competition on the market.

Globally, demand for membrane wastewater

treatment technologies is growing as more

public sector projects require their use and

tighter water resources control regulations

call for water reuse.

According to the report, the global market

for membrane wastewater treatment tech-

nology started growing in 2010 and 2011,

following a decline during the years of

financial turmoil in many parts of the world,

with the positive trend continuing through-

out 2012. This growth was driven mostly by

rising demand for low-pressure membrane

technologies.

The report estimates that global mem-

brane wastewater treatment technology

markets reached $817 million in 2012, which

equals a compound annual growth rate of

13% from 2007 to 2012. Between 2012 and

2021 they are expected to grow at a com-

Study predicts global rise inwastewater reuse

The use of treated wastewater for irrigation is a common practice in many parts of the world.

News in brief


pound annual growth rate of 16%, to a total

value of $3 billion. It is expected that by 2021

low-pressure membrane technologies will

still hold the lion’s share of the market but

high-pressure technologies will be growing

at a faster rate.

Demand for desalination in US

grows

Desalination as a method to supply fresh

water to communities has been develop-

ing over the past decade and demand for

such services is still increasing, Bloomberg

BNA reported, citing results from a study

published in the International Desalination

Association’s Journal of Desalination and

Water Reuse.

Over the period between 2000 and 2010, the

number of municipal desalination plants built in

the United States was half the number of those

built during the whole of the three previous

decades, author of the research Mike Mickley

stated. There were 324 desalination plants

constructed between 1971 and 2010, with 117

of these built in the first decade of the 21st

century. The figures include all U.S. municipal

desalination plants with a minimum capacity of

25,000 gallons of potable water per day. If the

number of industrial desalination plants was

factored in, the total count would grow signifi-

cantly as these outstrip municipal desalination

projects.

The key factors that have driven demand

for desalination include developments in

technology and a reduction in costs. At the

same time, water scarcity in certain areas

of the United States makes desalination the

most viable solution to water supply issues,

the research pointed out. However, most

researchers, local water managers and gov-

ernment officials cite regulatory requirements

as the main challenge for the industry.

According to 2011 figures from the Inter-

national Desalination Association, the United

States is the fourth largest market for desali-

nation technologies, following only Saudi

Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Spain.

New technology converts bio-

solids into hydrogen for elec-

tricity production

New technology that can convert waste-

water biosolids into hydrogen gas, which

can in turn be used for the production of

electricity, is going to be demonstrated in a

$1.75 million project developed by Lawrence

Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and

Miami-based biotechnological company

Chemergy Inc.

The demonstration project will be located

in California, at the Delta Diablo Sanitation

District (DDSD) facility in Antioch. The Cali-

fornia Energy Commission and the Bay Area

Biosolids to Energy (BAB2E) Coalition are

also funding the development of the technol-

ogy that could significantly reduce waste and

enhance the production of renewable energy

from biosolids.

The demonstration will be open in Octo-

ber and according to Bob Glass, who leads

the project for LLNL, in about a year, the

wastewater treatment facility will be able to

process about one ton of wet biosolids every

day and will be producing as many as 30

kilowatts of electricity, which will be used to

power different functions at the Antioch plant.

The patent-pending technology from

Chemergy successfully integrates two sepa-

rately implemented chemical processes.

First, thermochemistry is used to produce

heat, carbon dioxide and a hydrogen com-

pound from wet biosolids. Then, the latter is

further decomposed to produce renewable

hydrogen gas.

Caroline Quinn, spokesperson for the

coalition, explained that the Chemergy tech-

nology provided an innovative method that

worked at moderate temperatures and at a

smaller scale than conventional conversion

methods.

New Orleans presents $6.2

billion Urban Water Plan

Greater New Orleans, Inc. is to focus on

resolving some of the most pressing issues

in the area’s water management system,

concentrating on problems like street flood-

ing, potholes and infrastructure, city officials

stated when presenting the new Urban Water

Plan last week.

The plan has been developed over the

course of two years by a team of local experts

and federal officials, accompanied by several

Dutch water management specialists.

The Urban Water Plan will cost an esti-

mated $6.2 billion to implement, but it can

be funded through federal, state and local

schemes and public-private partnerships. It

will result in an estimated total of $22 billion

in economic benefits to the Greater New

Orleans area over the next five decades.

The main purpose of the Urban Water

Plan is to ensure the region becomes a more

attractive destination for businesses and resi-

dents and to provide economic vitality to the

area. According to U.S. Housing and Urban

Development Secretary Shaun Donovan, it

sets an example for efficient protection of

communities and mitigation of future flood

risks.

As part of the plan, Greater New Orleans

proposes to set up seven demonstration

projects designed to deal with the flood-

ing resulting from stormwater pumping in a

series of parishes in Greater New Orleans.


Advertiser IndexBaldor Electric Company ..................................................................3

Boerger, LLC ...................................................................................15

CHEM SHOW ..................................................................................25

Eldridge Products ...........................................................................23

Endress+Hauser, Inc ...................................................... Back Cover

FLEXIM AMERICAS Corp .................................................................7

Gamajet Cleaning Systems ............................................................21

Gemü Valves ....................................................................................16

Global Processing ...........................................................................29

Hapman Conveyors ........................................................................11

Hawk Measurement ........................................................................17

Infilco Degremont ................................................ Inside Back Cover

Keller America ...................................................................................5

Magnetrol International .......................................Inside Front Cover

Oil Skimmers, Inc. ...........................................................................19

PRAB-Fluid Filtration Div ................................................................13

Processing .......................................................................................28

Revere Control Systems .................................................................20

SPX Flow Technology .......................................................................1

Watson-Marlow Pumps Group .........................................................9

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water waste processing - october 2013

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