organic waste from food manufacturing / processing · pdf fileorganic waste from food...

NREB Natural Resources and Environment Board

Sarawak

ORGANIC WASTE FROM FOOD MANUFACTURING / PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

September 2004

DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance

DANIDA-SARAWAK GOVERNMENT

Urban Environmental Management System Project

ORGANIC WASTE FROM FOOD MANUFACTURING/PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

September 2004

Report no. UEMS_TEC_02_32

Issue no. 1

Date of issue September 2004

Prepared Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd

Checked ILA

Approved

Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Objectives Of Survey

3.0 Sampling Size

4.0 List Of Selected Food manufacturing/Processing Industries

5.0 Method Of Survey

6.0 Survey Result

6.1 Agriculture Products Processing

6.2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc

6.3 Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn)

6.4 Meehon, Noddles & Related Products

6.5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation

6.6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries

6.7 Abattoir

6.8 Waste Water Treatment Facility

7.0 Public Point Of View

8.0 Discussion

8.1 Physical Form and Moisture Content Of the Organic Waste

8.2 Disposal method for Total Organic Waste From 21 Food

Manufacturing/Processing Factories In Kuching

8.3 Disposal Form Of Organic Waste

8.4 Public Opinion

9.0 Conclusion

10.0 Appendix


Organic Waste From Food Manufacturing/Processing

Industries

1.0 Introduction

Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (“TEK”) is a local total water management

company based in Sarawak. TEK has been appointed by Natural Resources &

Environment Board (“NREB”) to conduct a field survey on the production of re-useable

organic waste by various industries in Kuching.

2.0 Objectives of Survey

This field survey is to determine the quantity and observed quality of the organic waste

produced by various food manufacturing/processing industries in Kuching.

3.0 Sampling Size

Number of Food Manufacturing/Processing factories in Kuching registered with NREB is

126 factroies (Source : Manufacturing/Processing Industries in Kuching, April 2002 by

NREB and DANCED). A sampling size of 20 factories and 1 abattoir representing

various major types of food manufacturing / processing industries have been selected for

the survey. The selected factories for the survey are shown in Section 4.0.

Selection of Food Manufacturing/Processing factories is based on respective sector and

industry size. Sampling size for each sector is a minimum of 10 % as shown below:

No. Industry Sector Total Sample Sampling Size

1 Agriculture Products Processing 8 1 13 %

2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc 23 3 13 %

3 Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish &

Prawn) 17 3 18 %

4 Meehon, Noodles & Related Products 9 3 33 %

5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation 51 9 18 %

6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries 12 3 25 %

7 Abattoir 1 1 100 %


4.0 List of the Selected Food Manufacturing/Processing Industries

Agriculture Products Processing

1 Syarikat Kion Hong Oil Mill

Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc

1 Sedap Food (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd

2 Taiten Food Industries Sdn Bhd

3 Pico Food Industry Sdn Bhd

Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn)

1 Sea horse Corporation Sdn Bhd

2 CCK Sea products Industries Sdn Bhd

3 Kuching Frozen Food Co. Sdn Bhd

Meehon, Noodles & Related Products

1 Lee Fah Mee Sdn Bhd

2 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd

3 THK Food Industries Sdn Bhd

Miscellaneous Food Preparation

1 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd

2 Dahfa Food Manufacturing Sdn Bhd

3 Vanilla Foods Centre Sdn Bhd

4 Treats Dairies (S) Sdn Bhd

5 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd

6 Gulf and Pacific Industries Sdn Bhd

7 Goodwill Avenue Cold Storage Sdn Bhd

8 Heng Feng Industry Sdn Bhd

9 K&L Farming Industries Sdn Bhd

Beverages Manufacturing Industries

1 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd

2 F&NCC Beverages Sdn Bhd

3 Sundrop Fruits Juices Berhad

Abbatoir

1 PPES Ternak


5.0 Method of Survey

Field survey was conducted in the form of interviews with the management/operational

personnel and plant survey of the selected food manufacturing/processing factories to

determine the quantity and quality of the organic waste generated from their processes.

Questionnaires were completed with required information, verified and stamped by the

respective management at the end of the interview section (as per completed survey

forms attached).

6.0 Survey Results

The survey was carried out between June –July 2004. The list of food

manufacturing/processing factories surveyed were different from the original proposed

list due to either irrelevant production processes or unable to obtain permission from the

management to conduct the interview and survey. However, the sampling size was

maintained at 20 factories and 1 abattoir. The result of the survey is shown below.


6.1 Agriculture Products Processing

No. Name of Industry Process

Description

Type of

Waste

Quantity per

Month

(kg/month)

Physical

Form

Waste Content Moisture

Content (%)

Disposal

Form

Disposal

Method

1

Syarikat Kion Hoong

Cooking Oil Mills

Sdn Bhd

Palm oil and

coconut oil

refinery

Coconut

cake 150,000 Solid Coconut press

cake

5-7 % oil

<0.1% water

Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

Waste

bleaching

earth

30,000 Solid Wasted bleaching

earth

3-5 % oil

~1% water

Raw Land fill at

own factory

premise


6.2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc


Description

Type of

Waste

Quantity per

Month

(kg/month)

Physical

Form


Content (%)

Disposal

Form

Disposal

Method

1 Taiten Food

Industries Sdn Bhd Snack food

Snack food

waste

Very

minimum

Solid Flour, maize grits,

flavoring,

coloring

< 10 % water Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

2 Sedap Food

(Sarawak) Sdn Bhd Snack food

Snack food

waste 130

Solid Flour, corn grit,

Flavoring,

coloring


animal feed

3 Pico Food Industry

Sdn Bhd

Snack food Snack food

waste 130

Solid Rice flour, corn

grits, Flavoring,

coloring


animal feed

Wafer biscuit Wafer

waste 1300 Solid Flour 70% water Raw Trieneken


6.3 Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn)


Description

Type of

Waste

Quantity per

Month

(kg/month)

Physical

Form


Content (%)

Disposal

Form

Disposal

Method

1 Sea horse

Corporation Sdn Bhd

Prawn and

Fish

Preparation

and

Preservine

Prawn shell

and heads 26,000 Solid Prawn heads and

shells

~ 60 % Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

Fish

processing

waste

Max 78,000

Solid

Fish bones,

heads, skin and

internal organs

~ 80 %

Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

2 CCK Sea products

Industries Sdn Bhd

Prawn

Preparation

and

Preservine

Prawn shell

and heads 56,000

Solid Prawn heads and

shells

~ 60 % Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

3 Kuching Frozen Food

Co. Sdn Bhd

Prawn

Preparation

and

Preservine

Prawn shell

and heads 53, 000

Solid Prawn heads and

shells

~ 60 % Raw Given to

farmer as

animal feed


6.4 Meehon, Noodles & Related Products


Description

Type of

Waste

Quantity per

Month

(kg/month)

Physical

Form


Content (%)

Disposal

Form

Disposal

Method

1 Lee Fah Mee Sdn

Bhd

Noodles

processing

Noodle

waste 600

Solid

Flour, egg,

ingredient

< 10 %

Raw

Re-sale as

animal feed

Flour waste

from

mixing

tank

cleaning

400

Solid

Flour, egg,

ingredient

~ 90 %

Raw Trieneken

Deep fried

oil 1,000

Liquid

Oil

Nil

Raw

Re-sale for

other purpose

2 Nestle Foods (M)

Sdn Bhd

Noodles

processing

Noodle

waste 3,000 Solid

Flour, egg,

ingredient

< 10 %

Raw

Re-sale as

animal feed

3 THK Food Industries

Sdn Bhd

Noodles

processing

Noodle

waste Max 2500

Solid

Flour, egg,

ingredient

< 10 %

Raw

Re-sale as

animal feed

Cooking

oil Max 150

Liquid

Oil

Nil

Raw

Re-sale for

other purpose


6.5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation


Description

Type of

Waste

Quantity

per Month

(kg/month)

Physical

Form


Content (%)

Disposal

Form

Disposal

Method

1 Yeo Hiap Seng

(Sarawak) Sdn Bhd

Soya sauce

processing

Soya bean

paste Max 24,000 Solid Soya bean, salt ~ 80 % Raw Trieneken

Chili sauce

processing NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Artificial

vinegar NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

2

Dahfa Food

Manufacturing Sdn

Bhd

Fish fillet

snack Fish waste 1500

Solid

Fish heads,

bones, tails, skin

80%

Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

3 Gulf and Pacific

Industries Sdn Bhd

Concentrated

fruit cordial

Calamansi

fruit waste 550

Solid

Calamansi fruit

waste

~ 70 %

Raw

Given as

animal

feed/Trieneken

4 Treats Dairies (S)

Sdn Bhd

Ice-cream

Machine

start-up

waste

78

Slurry

Milk powder/fat,

sugar, flavouring

~ 99%

Raw Trieneken

Waste Water

Treatment

Plant

Filter cake 1,092

Solid

Milk powder/fat,

sugar, flavouring

~ 80 %

Treated Trieneken

5 Nestle Foods (M)

Sdn Bhd

Waste Water

Treatment

Plant

Cake from

drying bed 200

Solid

Milk powder,

sugar, flour,

ingredient and

flavouring

~ 60 %

Treated Trieneken


6 Vanilla Foods Centre

Sdn Bhd

Chicken and

vegetable

processing

Chicken

processing

waste

900

Solid

Chicken internal

organ, bones,

heads

~ 60 %

Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

Vegetable

processing

waste

600

Solid

Vegetable rotten

leave and stems

~ 80 %

Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

7

Goodwill Avenue

Cold Storage Sdn

Bhd

Chicken

slaughtering

Chicken

processing

waste

26, 000

Solid

Chicken

unwanted

internal organ,

feathers

80 %

Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

Blood and

washing

water

13,000

Liquid

Blood

99 %

Raw Drain

8 Heng Feng Industry

Sdn Bhd

Chicken

slaughtering

Chicken

processing

waste

45,000

Solid

Chicken feathers,

intestine,

coagulated blood

70 %

Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

9 K&L Farming

Industries Sdn Bhd

Chicken

slaughtering

Chicken

processing

waste

30,000

Solid

Feathers

60 %

Raw Collected by

private

company. RM

2400/month

incurred.

Skin of

chicken

claw

300

Solid

Skin

60 %

Raw

Intestine

waste 36,000

Solid Intestine 80 % Raw Re-sale as

animal feed


6.6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries

No. Name of

Industry

Process

Description Type of Waste

Quantity

per Month

(kg/month)

Physical

Form


Content

(%)

Disposal

Form Disposal

Method

1

Yeo Hiap Seng

(Sarawak) Sdn

Bhd

Soya bean drink Soya bean paste 1,200 Solid Soya bean paste 60 % Raw Re-sale as

animal feed

Chrysanthemum

drink

Chrysanthemum

extract waste Max 80 Solid Chrysanthemum

extract 60 % Raw Trieneken

2

F&NCC

Beverages Sdn

Bhd

Waste water

Treatment Plant Sludge cake 400

Slurry

Organic sludge

98 %

Treated

Collected by

tanker. RM

100/trip

3 Sundrop Fruits

Juices Berhad

Soya bean drink Soya bean paste

1,200 Solid Soya bean 60 % Raw Re-sale for

other purpose

9,000 Solid Soya bean < 10 % Roasted Re-sale as

animal feed

Chrysanthemum

drink

Chrysanthemum

extract waste 384 Solid Chrysanthemum

extract

60 % Raw Re-sale for

other purpose

Coffee drink Coffee bean

waste Max 4800 Solid Coffee bean 60 % Raw Re-sale for

other purpose

Grass jelly

drink

Grass jelly

waste 800 Solid Grass jelly

extract waste

80 % Raw Re-sale for

other purpose


6.7 Abattoir

No. Name of

Industry

Process

Description Type of Waste

Quantity

per Month

(kg/month)

Physical

Form


Content

(%)

Disposal

Form Disposal

Method

1

PPES Ternak Sdn

Bhd

Cattle, camel,

goat and deer

farm

Animal waste

from cattle and

camel

450 Slurry Dung and urine 95 % Raw Taken by

farmer

Animal waste

from goat and

deer

7.5 Solid Dung and urine 60 % Raw Taken by

farmer

Animal

slaughtering

house

Slaughtering

waste

4500 Liquid

Blood, stomach

& intestine

content

99 %

Raw Pond

1236 Solid Stomach &

intestine content 80 % Raw Trieneken

Pig

Slaughtering

House

Slaughtering

waste

7800 Slurry Dung, stomach

juice and blood ~ 90 % Raw Holding pond

5.2 Solid Pig hair/fur ~ 80 % Raw Holding Pond


6.8 Waste Water Treatment Facility

S/N Factory Name

Waste water volume

produced per day

(Liter)

Handling Method for waste

water Type of Treatment

1 Syarikat Kion Hong Oil Mill 50 Nil Nil

2 Sedap Food (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil

3 Taiten Food Industries Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil

4 Pico Food Industry Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil

5 Sea horse Corporation Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Water clarification and

solid catchments

6 CCK Sea products Industries Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress

7 Kuching Frozen Food Co. Sdn Bhd 3 000 – 5 000 Nil Nil

8 Lee Fah Mee Sdn Bhd 500 Nil Nil

9 THK Food Industries Sdn Bhd 500 Nil Nil

10 Dahfa Food Manufacturing Sdn Bhd 60 000 – 80 000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress

11 Vanilla Foods Centre Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Nil Nil

12 Treats Dairies (S) Sdn Bhd 12 500 Waste water treatment plant Chemical and biological

treatment

13 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment

14 Gulf and Pacific Industries Sdn Bhd 3 000 – 5 000 Nil Nil

15 Goodwill Avenue Cold Storage

Sdn Bhd 500 Nil

Solid catchments at outlet

to drain

16 K&L Farming Industries Sdn Bhd 150 000 Nil Nil

17 Heng Feng Industry Sdn Bhd 150 000 Nil Nil

18 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment

19 F&NCC Beverages Sdn Bhd 15 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment

20 Sundrop Fruits Juices Berhad 1000-2000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress

21 PPES Ternak 4500 Holding Pond Nil


7.0 Public Point of View

7.1 Question: Do you support the idea of Organic Waste Recycling or Reuse for a

cleaner environment?

Feedback:

Yes No

100 % 0 %

7.2 Question : Are you willing to pay a small fee to a waste management company or

a government agency which offer a proper organic waste management

system to handle your factory’s organic waste?

Feedback :

Yes No

48 % 52 %


8.0 Discussion

8.1 Physical Form and Moisture Content of the Organic Waste

From this survey, 44 types of waste have been identified from the 21 selected food

manufacturing/processing factories. 79.55 % of the 44 types of organic waste is in solid

form and the remaining 20.45 % is in slurry or liquid form (this did not include waste

water from floor and machine cleaning). Beverages, ice-cream processing, cooking oil

from noodle processing and animal blood from chicken slaughtering house are the main

contributors to the liquid or slurry organic waste.


Chart 1 : % Of Solid Content For Waste Type

% Of Solid Content For Waste Type

7

2

0

9

0 0

13

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9

4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

< 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 90% > 90%

% Solid Content

Nu

mb

er

Of

Waste

Typ

e

Number Of Waste Type

Liquid/Slurry Waste Solid Waste


Based on Chart 1, 36 waste type (79.55%) are in solid form and 8 waste type (20.45 %)

are in liquid/slurry form which include 2 waste oil.

8.2 Disposal Method for Organic Waste from Food Manufacturing/Processing

Industries

Total organic waste from the 21 factroies is estimated to be around 610 metric tonnes per

month. Out of 613 metric tonnes of the organic waste, 81.35 % were re-used as animal

feed or as fertilizer; 4.89 % used as landfill at their own premise; 9.63 % collected and

disposed off by either private company or Trienekens and 4.13 % directly discharged into

pond or drain.

Chart 2 : Main Disposal Method For Total Organic Waste From 21 Food

Manufacturing/Processing Factories in Kuching

Disposal Method for Organic Waste

72.54%

8.81%

4.89%

5.00%

4.63%

4.13%Resale for animal feed orother purpose

Given to farmer as fertilizeror animal feed

Used as landfill at their ownpremise

Being collected by privatecompany for disposal

Disposed by Trieneken

Discharge into pond ordrain.


Chart 3 : Organic Waste Disposal Method by Each Industrial Sector

Organic Waste Disposal Method By Each Industry Sector

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Be

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s M

an

ufa

ctu

rin

g

Ind

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rie

s

Me

eh

on

, No

od

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Re

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rod

ucts

Ag

ricu

lture

Pro

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cts

Pro

ce

ssin

g

Fis

h P

rep

ara

tio

n &

Pre

se

rvin

ce (

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Mis

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Fo

od

Pre

pa

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Bis

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its

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etc

Ab

atto

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of

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ste

by

We

igh

t

Re-sale for animal feed or other purpose Given to farmer as fertiliser or

Used as landfill at their own premise Being collected by private company for disposal

Discharge into pond or drain Trieneken


Based on Chart 2 and Chart 3, most of the 21 food manufacturing/processing factories re-

use ~ 86 % of the organic waste. Only ~ 14 % of total organic waste is not recycled but

disposed off by Trienekens or private company or discharge into pond or drain.

8.3 Disposal Form of Organic Waste

90% of the organic waste were disposed in its raw condition/form. The remaining 10 %

of the organic waste were treated before disposal and it consists mainly of sludge cake,

organic sludge from wastewater treatment plant and oven dried soya bean paste. The

treated organic wastes from wastewater treatment plant have been blended with organic

compound during treatment.

8.4 Public Opinion

All the 21 food manufacturing/processing factories selected for this survey agreed and

supported the idea of recycling or reusing the organic waste for a cleaner environment.

However, only 48% of the factories surveyed were willing to pay for a fee if it were

imposed by the government or private company to collect the organic waste for proper

waste management, provided that the imposed fees were reasonable and would not be a

burden to the industry.

52 % of the 21 factories did not agree or willing to pay fees for the disposal of their

organic waste because the organic waste from the industry still has a re-sale value. They

feel that the Government or private company should help the food manufacturing /

processing industry with a proper organic waste processing system rather than just

imposing disposal cost.

9.0 Conclusion

From this survey on the 21 selected food manufacturing / processing factories, the

quantity of organic waste produced is feasible for collection for further processing.

However, 80% of these solid organic waste still has a re-sale or re-usable value, therefore,

collection of these waste may incur cost rather than collecting waste disposing fees from

the waste generators. The Government or private company should take into consideration

of the cost of the waste if they intend to collect the organic waste from food

manufacturing/processing industries.

Besides the food manufacturing/processing industries, restaurants; bakeries and wet

market are other industries, which are also the major organic waste producers. A survey

should also be conducted for these food outlets and eateries.


10.0 Appendix

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