water unit. water on earth most of earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is...
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WAT
ER
UNIT
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WATER ON EARTH• Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent
—is salt water that is found in the oceans. • Only 3 percent is fresh water. • Of that 3 percent, about three quarters is
found in the huge masses of ice near the North and South Poles.
• A fraction more is found in the atmosphere.
• Most water in the atmosphere is invisible water vapor, the gaseous form of water.
• Less than 1 percent of the water on Earth is fresh water that is available for humans to use.
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WATER TABLE
The surface of the water-saturated part of the ground.
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AQUIFER
A porous deposit of rock, such as a sandstone, containing water that can be used to supply wells.
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SONAR
Used to measure ocean depth.
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WHY IS THE SEA SALTY?
The weathering and erosion of rocks in rivers carries sediment to the ocean.
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What is the most abundant elements in seawater?
The substance you know as table salt—sodium chloride—is the salt present in the greatest amount in ocean water. NaCl
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WHY DOES THE SALINITY OF THE OCEAN STAY CONSTANT?
As freshwater comes in through rivers, freshwater evaporates and freezes in glaciers.
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Does temperature increase or decrease as you descend through the water column?
Temperature decreases as you descend through the water column and pressure increases.
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CONTINENTAL SHELFA gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent.
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CONTINENTAL SLOPEThe true edge of a continent, where rock that makes up the continent stops and the rock of the ocean floor begins.
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CONTINENTAL RISEAn underwater feature found between the continental slope and the abyssal plain.
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MID-OCEAN RIDGEThe continuous chain of underwater mountains.
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OCEAN TRENCHA deep canyon in the ocean floor.
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ABYSSAL PLAINA nearly flat region of the ocean floor, covered with thick layers of
sediment.
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SEAMOUNTA mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface.
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CURRENTSWhat force cause surface currents?
Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by winds.
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TIDESThe daily rise and fall of Earth's waters on shores.
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What causes tides?Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.
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SPRING TIDEA tide with the greatest
difference between high and low tide that occurs when the sun and the moon are aligned in a line with Earth.
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NEAP TIDEA tide with the least difference
between low and high tide that occurs when the sun and moon pull at right angles to each other.
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/media/tide06a_450.gif