Virtual model of the historical city of Machupicchu and

Impact the INCA Trail

Virtual model of the historical city of Machupicchu and

Impact the INCA Trail

Case Study of Machupicchu - Perú

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IVAN ICOCHEABAHAAEDDINE ALHADDADJOSEP ROCA CLADERA

IVAN ICOCHEABAHAAEDDINE ALHADDADJOSEP ROCA CLADERA

CPSV - The Center of Land Policy and Valuations

26 October 200626 October 2006

MachuPicchu... MachuPicchu...

• The city of Machupicchu was built high in the Andes Mountains outside the modern day city of Cuzco.

• Constructed in the late 1400s by the Incan ruler, Pachacuti.

• Machupicchu existed as a place of worship and as a royal retreat for Pachacuti and his guests.

• Abandoned only decades after its construction, Machupicchu was lost to the undergrowth of the jungle only to be rediscovered in 1911.

Project objective ...Project objective ...

• Develop methodologies to create Special 3D model of heritage sites using Laser Scan and high-resolution optical satellite images by combining the following points:

- Topographic area for correct modelling by Remote sensing data sources such as DEM (digital elevation model).

- Building 3D model using Laser Scan technology.

- Exploring the old INCA way to understand the past city applying special image processing.

• Safeguarding the Historical city by supporting the Master Plan of 2005, that was produced through cooperation between the Centre of the World Patrimony of UNESCO and the National Institute of Natural Resources – INRENA.

BAM - IRAN ...BAM - IRAN ...

© IKONOS, RGB, 1m Resolution– Iran, Bam historical city. 2003

© IKONOS, RGB, 1m Resolution– Iran, Bam historical city. 2004

Evaluating earthquake damage through satellite imagery …

Image Processing DEMFor Topography

Final result

THE IDEA ... !?THE IDEA ... !?

Our concept of work for 3D model heritage sites …!!

Work with New Technologies …

Overlay data source

Laser ScanApplications

ASCIIShadow analysis for

Old INCA way extraction

Vector/Rasterformat

3D Laser Scan

Night ScanningNoting ideal

scan positions

Ortho-photoFor texturesMerge data

Laser Scanner …Laser Scanner …

Improving scanning details by high resolution laser scanner …

New Technologies tools:

- New Laser Scanner will be used to apply this kind of work.

- The interesting part of this tool lies in the fact that the camera and the scanner have similar target view so we could obtain direct texture over the cloud point.

- The Laser scanner that will be used has a high resolution scale 0.5 – 1 cm, so high detail will appear in the final 3D model.

Camera

Scanner

Support

Battery

Laptop

Noting ideal scan positions

- Sweeping the all city objectives in horizontal and vertical angles with 360º rotation.

- 400m will be the maximum position distance from each target.

Night scan:

- No way to close the place during the day, to be free of visitors during the scanning process.

- Night scan will illustrate the city structure in general with 3 – 10 cm resolution.

© The Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies (CAST) - USA

Day scan:

- Chosen areas will be closed to enable short distance high resolution scanning process (0.5 – 1 cm) and full 360º rotation.

- Day light scan will help to obtain the texture data and join it with the rest of scanning data.

Impact the INCA Empire way …Impact the INCA Empire way …

Satellite images acquired for pilot project

The historical Inca Empire city.© Google earth, 2006.

Impact the INCA Empire way …Impact the INCA Empire way …

Satellite images acquired for pilot project

Yellow circle presents the current way to the Inca city.

Red circle presents our objective of observing the old missing way of the Inca city, the tree cutting way shows a good shadow cost line that could be a reference in this research.

© Google earth, 2006.

Extracting Shadow line …Extracting Shadow line …

WORKING WITH FFT FILTERS

Example of FFT power spectrum step in focused area:

a) Forward FFT power spectrum.

b) Inverse FFT final result with clear bright shadow area.

(A)

(B)

In case there is not enough information to observe the old way of the Inca, extracting shadow line will be the main target at our methodology.

© Google earth, 2006.

Extracting Shadow line …Extracting Shadow line …

WORKING WITH LEVEL SLICING

With this specific analysis, the gradient from dark blue to red colour presents the areas that have a lot of reflectance of sands and less roughness. In the above photo one can see the dark red present the current new Inca way to the historical city with old way.

3D Color-drape process …3D Color-drape process …

Merge extraction data …

FFT Result Level SlicingResult

+

+

3D Colour-drape

Topographic extraction …Work with DEMTopographic extraction …Work with DEM

ASCII Output

FOR LASER SCAN APPLICATIONS ….

CLOUD POINTS *….DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL …. &

CONVERTER PROCESSING …

Overlay Final Results …Overlay Final Results …

Overlay High details 3D Laser Scan

Overlay TopographicLand area

Overlay Missing data - Old Inca way -

CPSV - The Center of Land Policy and Valuations

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

QUESTIONS?