upstream b1 unit 4 linkers

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Linkers Positive Addition: and Linker + a sentence or less?? Tony is both kind and helpful. Tony is kind and helpful too. Tony is kind. Besides this, he is a helpful person. Tony is kind. Moreover, he is a helpful person. Tony is kind. What is more is that he is a helpful person. Tony is kind. In addition, he is a helpful person. Tony is kind. He is also a helpful person. Tony is kind. Furthermore, he is helpful. Tony, as well as his sister, is kind.

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Page 1: Upstream B1 unit 4 linkers

Linkers Positive Addition: andLinker + a sentence or less??

Tony is both kind and helpful.Tony is kind and helpful too.Tony is kind. Besides this, he is a helpful person. Tony is kind. Moreover, he is a helpful person. Tony is kind. What is more is that he is a helpful person.Tony is kind. In addition, he is a helpful person.Tony is kind. He is also a helpful person.Tony is kind. Furthermore, he is helpful. Tony, as well as his sister, is kind.

Page 2: Upstream B1 unit 4 linkers

Linker + a sentence or less??

Negative Addition: not and not Neither Sally nor I went to the club. I saw neither him nor his sister. I neither called nor saw him. You can go either to London or to Paris.

Page 3: Upstream B1 unit 4 linkers

Linker + a sentence or less??

Contrast : opposite ideasAlthough we hurried, we missed the bus.Although + a sentenceEven though we hurried, we missed the bus.Even though + a sentenceDespite hurrying, we missed the bus. Despite + n In spite of hurrying, we missed the bus. In spite + nWe hurried but we missed the bus.But+ a sentence We hurried, however, we missed the bus. We hurried. However, we missed the bus.However+ a sentenceHe's overweight and bald, yet, he's handsome.Yet + a sentenceIt is useful. On the other hand, it is very costly. .

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Linker + a sentence or less??You may not accept what he did, but he's still your brother.I know you don't like her, but you still should not be rude to her.I was listening while he was not interested.I was listening whereas he was not interested.

Page 5: Upstream B1 unit 4 linkers

Giving Examples I like colours such as red and blue. I like colours like red and blue. I like colours , for example, red and blue. I like colours , for instance, red and blue. I like colours , especially, red and blue. The weather has been bad this week, and Friday in particular was very cold.

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Cause/ Reason: why?I like science as it is difficult.I like science since it is difficultI like science because it is difficultI like science because of its difficulty. I like science due to its difficulty. Science is difficult. For this reason, I like it. Science is difficult, Therefore, I like it.

Effect/ ResultScience is difficult, Consequently, I like it.Science is difficult so I like it. Science is difficult. As a result, I like it. As a result of science difficulty, I like it.

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Purpose: why do I do this? What do you I want?David went to the bank to get a loan. David went to the bank so as to get a loan. David went to the bank in order to get a loan. David went to the bank in order not to lose the loan. David went to the bank so that he can get a loan.

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Condition If you study, you will succeed.You will succeed only if you study. You will succeed in case you study. In case you study, you will succeed. You will succeed provided that you study. You will succeed providing that you study. You will succeed on condition that you study well. Unless = if notUnless you study, you will not succeed. You will not succeed unless you study. As long as = so long asAs long as you study, you will succeed. You will succeed so long as you study. Study well, otherwise you will not succeed. Study well, or else you will not succeed. In case of emergency, call 999.

Whether = if , or notAnyway, it's a good story, whether or not it's true.Anyway, it's a good story, whether it's true or not .

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Exception

He paid all the bills except for the electricity.Apart from Jodie, who hurt her leg, all the children were fine.Except for = apart from

TimeThey will go out as soon as I get there. They will go out when I get there. They will go out before/ after I get there. They will wait until/ till I get I get there.They were painting while we were singing. Whenever you face a problem, call me.

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RelativesThat’s the man who/ that works in the library.This is the place where we learn. This is book that/ which I enjoy. That’s the boy whose poem won in the recital. That’s the writer whom I respect.That’s what I mean. Whose + sth we haveWho+ verbWhom + subject

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Linking wordsTo start: first = at first = firstly = initially = to start with = to begin with = first of all , To continue: secondly – after this / that- second – afterwards – then – next ,

To conclude: finally = lastly= in the end = eventually ,

To summarize: in conclusion = in summary = to sum up = on the whole = all in all= altogether = in short ,