.l

r i ,: l

- . 1 - : -

Conf en l s

UNIT 1

UNIT 2

uNrrp

UNIT 4

UNIT 5

UNIT 6

UNIT 7

UNIT 8

UNIT 9

UNIT 1O

Live and learn

Call of the wild

Neighbours

Take a break

Staying safe

Festive time

p . 4

p . 1 2

p . 2 0

p . 2 8

p. 36

p . 4 4

p .5?

p. 60

p. 68

p . 7 6

Weird and wonderful

State-of-the-art

All in a day's work

Forces of nature

Optional Further Practice

Word Perfect p . 8 5

p. 96Grammar Check

3

2 Cross the odd word out, as inthe examole.

2

3

5

chaiterbox, slb{re, lazybones,t roublemakersensih le safe f r iendlv ambi t ious, ! , , v , f r v

F ^ , , ^ , . - ^ l - ^ + - t - , , l t - - - ^ ^ . . J -L O V U U T ) / P r d r L ) , U U r U ) , ) C C U )

l i keab le , car ing , mean, f r iend ly

d igg ing , garden ing , p lan t ing ,

chasing

Match the words in the columnsthen use them to f i l l in the gapsin the sentences below.

Neighbours

Vocabulary PracticeNeighbours

Fil l in the blanks with the words below. 3

. waters . keeps an eye on things . grateful . thoughtful

. drives . crazy . easy-going . a st i f f upper l ip " pol i teo creative o chatting

The three people below are neighboursin a block of flats in London.

Neelam Gupta is 23 years old. Neelam isIndian and she studies photography at theChelsea School of Art. She loves her neighboursand they love her . She is avery 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .person who enjoys helping others. When herneighbours are away on holiday she2l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the i r p lants for them and genera l ly3 l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Her neighbours are a lwaysvery 4) .. . . . . . to her for her help,

Alison Greenway is 25 years old and sheworks as a DJ for a radio station. She was bornin Australia but she moved to London when shewas '15. Alison is fr iendly and 5)At weekends she loves 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . andlaughing with her fr iends in the garden. Thissomet imes 7 l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her ne ighbours

especial ly when Alison and herfr iends play really loud music!

Georgiana Portman is 58 years old. She isEnglish and she is a History Professor at LondonUniversity. Georgiana is very artistic and8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She p lays the v io l in and thepiano and she loves painting portraits. She is atypical Englishwoman. She is sometimes annoyedby Alison's loud music but she keeps9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about i t . She is very1O) . . . . . . . . . . . . and reserved.

Sense ao ld bClear Ckeen ddrop er l onond< s

I

9 O r U E r r q l

away

on-fash ioned

of humour

l i t ter

!

A: How would you describeyourself?

R l h : r r o t n r o : t

A: Do you get on wel l with

your neighbours?

B: Yes. Except when they

in my garden

3 A: How would you describe a

typ ica l Eng l ishman?

B: Hmm. let me thrnk. Punctual,polite and perhaps a little

A: Laura's garden is lovely!

B: Yes, i t is. She is a(n)

A: Can I give you a hand with

the housework?B Yes that 'd he nreat Could

y o u p l e a s e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h eplates that are on the table?

A: What do you usual ly do at

weekends?

B W e l l , i t . . . . . .

the trme of year. In the

summer I go to the beachr.vith my friends. ln the winterI rke going to the cinema.

rTtETIF-ftt4TtFTIreTr

4 Underline the correct word, as in the example.

1 Tania rs very reserved/thoughtful. She doesn't

like expressing her emotions.

2 Fnglish people have a reputation/politeness

for being a little eccentric.

3 Stop being such a nosey parker/silly billy and

be sensible! You are not a chi ld!4 rThis paint ing depicts/produces the Acropol is

in Athens.

5 | didn't understand the ioke. lt was too subtle/

comical

6 Rachel talks al l the t ime. She is such a

chatterbox/scatterbrai n.

Robert is very caring. He looks after/looks for

his brother and helos his sister with her

homework

Leo doesn't take after/take care of his father.

He looks l ike his mother

9 She's as busy as a bee/bird.10 Without my glasses, I'm as blind as a bat/fox.

11 As a boss, he's very good with strangers/

employees.

12 Could you do/make me a favour?

13 Remember to keep in feel/touch with us.

Circle the correct response.

1 A: Could you give Mrs Edwards a cal l , please?

B: a No, not now.

b Yes, of course

2 A: How often do you clean your room?

B: a l 'm sorry, but I can' t .

b Twice a week.

3 A: Do you think you could wash the car?B: a I 'm afraid I can' t . I have to go to the

supermarket

b No, I guess not.

4 A: Do you mind switching off the TV? l 'm

trying to sleep.

B: a l ' d l i ke to .

b Sure. No problem.

A: l 'm so sorry for waking you up last night.

B: a Don't worry about i1 7

b I do apologise.

A: l 'm sorry. I didn' t mean to upset you.

B: a Al l r ight.

b lt doesn't matter. Forget about it.

Word Formation

5 Complete the gaps with the correct wordderived from the words in bold.

. '+.Fii].;! iJ$].!: i:.. i ! i i+'Jl:;]r:! ' :! i .:! l ; l"! l ]a.-lt! l . j .!. l-..tr.t: j : l ]...r:1' ' .

,Philip works for an

oank in New york. Herntelligent, 1)very talented. However;Irttre 2)

rnternationalrs a high flier;. . . . . . . . . . . . 4 n d

he can be a

work ispeople,s

. H eSEtF

i

FoRGET i,CARE I

jrf

I!i'T'll

sornetjrnes thinks that hisrnore important that otherwork.

Richard is an author He is verY

3) and artistic

but sometimes ne can be a lrttle

4)

a n d 5 ) " " " " " " " " " H e

never remembers where his boors

and notes are and he is always lostng

tnln9s.

Phrasal verbsReplace the,phrases in bold with lookafter,take after, run after in the correct form.

1 Mrs Harr is takes care of my l i t t le sister whi le

our parents are at work

2 Susan resembles her father

3 The woman pursued the robber screamingfor help

5

Grammar in UsePresent Simple, Present Continuous& Present Perfect

Put the verbs in the brackets into presentsimple, present continuous or present perfect.

1 A: What t ime(we/meet) John and Liz?

R ' T h o n a r f n r m : n r a

(start) at 8:00 so we ..(meet) them at 7:30

A: . . . . . . . ( lan/come)

with us to the restaurant?

B: I . . (no t / th ink)so

He . (not/finish)

writing his report yet

A: . (you/see) Linda?

B: No, I think she . (be) st i l l

at the l rbrary.

A : H o w o f t e n . . . . .(you/exercise) at the gym?

B: Three to four trmes a week.

5 A(Tanya/be) on a diet?

B : N o , s h e j u s t . . . . . ( e a t )

healthy food and . . . . . (s leep) a lot

6 A :

1 2 1 (you/be) to

- - = : : , * l - j

= -=' = --- -- . . :-3eratufe(stilliqo up)

Complete each gap with the correct form ofthe verb in brackets.

E E , . U B -

HiCla i re ,Just a quick message from England!I can' t bel ieve | 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) here for two weeksalready. | 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) such a great t ime! Theuniversi ty is very impressive and | 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( feel)so oroud to be here.So far, I 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (meet) a lot of students from othercountries and | 5) (share) a large room with agirl from Hong Kong until she gets a room of her own.The head of our department 6) (plan) aninternational party for this weekend. | 7)(hope) it's a good one. | 8) (noVbe) to aparty for ages!When 9) (you/leave) for Rome?10) . . . . . . . . . . . (yon/f ind) a house yet?Write back soon.Lots of love,Claire

Stative verbs

Put the verbs in brackets into the presentsimpleor presentcontinuous.

1 A: Why . (you/smell) that egg?B: Because it . . . (smell) bad

l ' l l throw i t away2 A: lt (feel) great

to be on hoirca,,. cces^': i t?Yes, I . (feel) better already!

Star: (think) he's so great!

I kto ," , . -- :

, : r , - : ( think)

2

B :

7 A .B :

W h a t t i m e . . . .(Laura and Penny/leave)?

They . . (already/leave).

What . . .. (you/look) for?

. (look) for my key.

. . . . . . . . ( just/ lose) i t .

What t ime(the Eurostar train/leave) for Paris?n + h ^ l f ^ ^ a + - ^ r , ^ ^n L I r o i l P o ) L ) c v c r I

8 A :

B :

9 A :

B :

3 A :

D -

1 0

Where(you/go) on hol iday this summer?

B: l ta ly o r Greece. We . . . . . . .(not/decide) yet

A: Where (Leo/live)r

B: In Kensington. but at the moment he . .(stay) with frrends in Paris.

A: (you/have)

a party on Saturday?

B: Of course I am. I

. .. . . (already/invite) everybody!

4 A :

D -

5 - .

j

6 :

. . . . (have)

. (you/look)

. ( look) so much

(be) real ly a good

6

1 1

-

B :

7 A .

B :

So why(he/be) so silly right now?

W h y . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . (you/taste) the soup?

Because John says i t . . . . . . .(taste) like water!

Present Perfect Continuous

Write a sentence for eachsituftion, as in the example. Usefor or since.

'l Maria started working as anonn inoo r f n r r r t aon, years ago.She is st i l l an enoineer.

Maria hus been warking as an

engineer for faurfeen ye$rs.

2 He started playing tennis two

hours agg. l t was 5:00 pmt_l ̂t t g

3 lt is snowing. lt started

snowing three hours ago.

I t

A fr iend tel ls you that he saw

Susan The last t ime you saw

Susan was in 2001 .

Bi l l and Richard are taking

karate lessons They started

taking lessons in March

Bi l l and R ichard

You are waiting for a frrend

outside the cinema. You arrived

il"::]-:"" m nutes aoo

Tina started going on hol iday

to Santor ini f ive years ago.

Tina

Your brother tel ls you he met

David. You last saw David ages

ago.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present tenses.

Deor Bob,I 1) .. . . . . . . . (write) to tettyou obout something reattywonderJul th,at2) (happen) to mel You3) .. . . . . . . . . (know) how much I love writ ing? We[t, theschool newspoper 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ask) me to be the i r neweditor. I ccn't beLieve it. I 5) ..... (woit) Jor achance[ike this Jor oges.Over the pastJew doys, I 6) . . . . . . . . (read) past edlt ionsoJ the schooL paper to get some ideas about what the poper is attobout. | 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . (aLreadglwrite) down lots oJ notesabout what kind oJstories l8) . . . . . . . (wont) toinctude. White I 9) . . . . . . . . . . . (count) down the dags beJoreI 10) .. . . . . . . . (attend) theJirst meeting oJthe newspoperstaJJ, l must adml t that I 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (become) more andmore nervous. I hope evergthing goes OK.Wett, thot 's mg news. 12) .. . . . . . . . . . . (belnot) gouexcttedJor me? l't[ let gou know what happens.Bge Jor now,Mark

Sentence tra nsformations

Complete the second sentence so that i t means the same asthe first. Use no more than three words.

I t 's s ix years since I started learning Engl ish

fn,, ,r,n",r.. ,.0 ,," *. nu*,;.".i.o,5l,nlrsh for six vears'

We . . to New York three times so far.

Claire hasn't visited London for two years

Claire London two years ago.

The last time Helen took a train was in 2004.

Helen a train since 2004

We have never been to a more beautiful city.

Th is i s the most beaut i fu l c i t y we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to .

6

7

ReadingThe people below (1-4)are looking for a house to buy. Decide which house (A-F)would be the mostsuitable for them. There are two houses you don't need.

Situated in a qtriet traditionalvillage, this channing cottage isideal for those who love nature.

Set in spacious gounds. it is onlyminutes away from the

Merseyside Conservation Park.Alice and Martin

love partying. They arevery sociable and they have

lots of friends. They are lookingfor a big house in which theycan entertain lots of people

and have barbecues in

the summer.

Sandra and Rupertare high flyers. They have

very busy lives and their jobsare stressful and demanding.

They like modern architecture andfurnishings. Their ideal house

would be well-organised

and spacious.

Designed by famous Mexicanarchitect, Javier Valladares, thiscontemporary house is large,minimalistic and practical. lt isperfect for those who are alwavson the go.

The Browns are aquiet and friendly family.

They are looking for a housewith a big garden in a niceneighbourhood close to thecentre. They are on a tightbudget so they don't want

to spend a lot of

money

This lovely villa is idealfor parties and

celebrations. With a largeoutdoor pool and a big

reception room, it is. perfect for those who live

busy social lives and loveentertainino.

Stella

loves nature, She isenergetic and active and

she spends a lot of time in thegarden. She wants to buy a housein the countryside which she can

fill with beautiful flowers. Shealso loves taking long walks

Close to the centre and in one ofthe best areas, this large house lvith

its five bedrooms is idealforfamilies. Not only perfecl for iqv t,ng

friends and famity for,,,eekendstays, but also for garde-s.s :c< -g

for oeace a1t 3- e:.

This beautifulfamily home isonly two kilometres awayfrom the city centre. Situatedin a quiet, safeneighbourhood, it has fourbedrooms and a big garden.You won't believe the orice!

f' g'rp;.r66r'ag Mediterraneans::^€ -: '-- s :ertainly for thosertrrt *r*E-l:: get away from thes:'sss :i:;:.r oenires ano3E-,eL:ra -rl,r,n.t1< SChedUleS. An-rtr;'1 J r:l-: asross the Channel is3l r[r_ -r*] :3 "each your own-ial Ei :;r-al se and at a verv=3-r dJr:: s| '!U.

8

and having picnics

Listening & SpeakingDescribing People

. ) You will hear a conversationbetween two friends about aparty. For questions 1- 5 chooseA , B o r C .

When was the party?

A Saturday

B Yesterday

C The day before yesterday.

What was great about the

dinner party?

A the food

B the music and the people

C the food, the music and

the people

Laura Singer has

A dark black hair and green

eyes.

B short brown hair and green

eyes.

C black hair and blue eyes.

What is Laura Singer l ike?

A She is talkat ive and nrce

B She is fr iendly, talkat ive

and interest ing.

C She is too talkat ive

In January, Laura Signer

A won the Nat ional Wri t ing

Competi t ion.

B is going to Columbia

University

C is going to study Creative

W r i t i n g . ,

2Socialising

Complete the exchanges with sentences from the box.

. Pleased to meet you . Nice to meet you, too.r No, no. l t 's my turn. . same to you. How're things? . Bye. Have a nice day.o Sorry, l'm late.

Jane, l 'd l ike you to meet Mr Rochester.

Mr Rochester

Bye, Linda l ' l l see you this evening.

Nice to meet you, Albert.

B :

A:

B : Just f ine, thanks

Let me buy you lunch

Never mind, you're here now!

Meeting old friends

Choose phrases from the box to complete the dialogue.

. Nice to meet you, too . haven't we met before

. l'd like you to meet o This is a great party, isn't it

. Hi, there o What a fantastic party that was

B :

A:

B :

B :

Have a nice weekend. Mrs Porter

Than ks, Peter.

A :

B :

A:

B :

3

fohn:Andrew:

John:Val:

John:Val:

John:Val:

John:

4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , John!Va l ,S) . . . . . . . . . . .?Mmm, I think we have but I can't remember when.

I believe it was at Brian Stock's party last summer.Yes, that's right. 6) ...........!Yes, it was. I haven't seen Brian for ages. Is he here

tonight?

VaI: He's over there. Let's go and talk to him.

John: Great! Let's go.

9

Writing (an e-mail describingyour family)Getting started

Read the rubric and underline the key words/phrases,word family?

What words/phrases can you think of related to the

This is part of an e-mail you received from your Mexican friendMaria.

I love my family but sometimes they drive me crazy. My twin sister poz isgreat but my younger brother Roberto can be annoying at times so weoften fight about the silliest things. What s your family like?

Write an e-mail to your Mexican friend describing your family.

Let's look closer

2 Read the e-mail and complete the paragraph plan. Use thefollowing headings:

o request for return e-mail. description of parents - ages, professions, personalitieso greeting and comment on last e-mail. description of b roth ers/sisters/cousi ns - persona I ities, I i kes/d isl i kes

$ifeE!43&

Look at the pictures. How are the people related to Julia?

1e

Openi nglClosing remarks

3 Mark the fol lowing opening/closing remarks with OR or CR.Which could you use in Jul ia'se-mail?

1 Hi l Guess what?2 Well, that 's al l from me.3 Can't wait to see you.4 l'm writing to let you know

t h a t . . .5 Sorrf l haven't been in

touch in a while.6 Bye for now.7 Got to go now8 Hi ! What 's up?9 How's everything going?

Topic sentences

The tonic senten.e is the f i rst

sentence in the paragraph l t

introduces or summarises the main

topic of the paragraph and gives the

reader an idea of what theparagraph is going to be about. Therest of the paragraph (support ing

sentences) develops the main idea

of the topic sentence.

4 Look at paragraphs 2 & 3 in thee-mail. Find the topic sentencesand underl ine them. Do thesupporting sentences developthe main idea of the paragraph?How?

5 Read the topic sentences below.Think of support ing sentences todevelop the main idea.

1 My best friend Kate is thekindest gir l in the world.

2 My brother Jonathan is atalented oianist.

3 Lou and Jane are mV favouriteCOUSI NS .

Linking words and phrases

. To make your piece of writing more interesting, you can use avariety of words and phrases to link sentences or ideas together.My cousin Jo is an attractive girl. She's got blue eyes and long dark hair.My cousin Jo is an attractive girlwith blue eyes and long dark hair.

. You can l ink descr ipt ions of s imi lar personal qual i t ies by using

in addit ion, also, and, moreover, etc.

She is caring. She is always helping people. She is very kind to everyone.

She is caring and is always helping people. Moreover, she is very kind

to everyone.o You can I ink descrrpt ions of contrast ing qual i t ies by using but,

on the other hand, however, nevertheless, etcHe is hardworking and bright. He can be difficult at times.He is hardworking and bright, but he can be difficult at times.

NOTE: When you mention someone's negat ive qual i t ies you

should use mild language (seems to be, can be rather. etc) For

example, instead of saying My brother Paulis lazy, it is better to say

My brother Paul can be lazy at times.

6 Rewrite the sentences using l inking words or phrases.

1 Ann is fr iendly She is car ing

2 Bob is hardworking Bob is kind.

3 Paul is very enthusiast ic He is bossy sometimes

4 Helen is real ly attract ive She's got green eyes and long fair

ha i r

Mary is pol i te and fr iendly She is forgetful at t imes

Jane is so kind. She is always very helpful .

Harry is very sociable. He is intel l igent

Vivian is l ike a sister to me. Sometimes she gets on my

nerves !

Your turn

Answer the questions about yourself.

1 How many people are in your family?2 What do they do for a l iving?3 What are they l ike?

Read the rubric in Ex. 1 again. Use your answers in Ex. 7 towrite an e-mail to your friend in Mexico about your family(80-100 words). Use the paragraph plan in Ex. 2 to help you.

I

5

o

7

8

1 1

Call of thewild

Vocq.bulary Practice

1;

z , - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?+-..-:----:,-:,.,-,

L:11':ii',1:i:i t3.: j{ " : a

" t

Fauna

Complete the spidergrams withthe words from the list.

o l a k a o r h i m n : n z o o

. hunt ing/ f ish ing . amphib ian

. hare . habitat changes

. mammal o jungle . wet lands

. t iger . reptrle . wolf

. forest . ocean

t.. ;,..-":.-";..,......';..;,-...

Flora

Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 woodlands, farmlands, M, hedgerows

2 noise, country, dust, air pol lut ion

3 pol lut ion, starvat ion, conservat ion, i l lness

4 moths, bats, squirrels. sand grains

5 dolphin, t iger, chimpanzee, wolf

Underl ine the correct word, as in the example.

1 You can make a wi ldl i fe pond/garden quite

easi ly.

2 Joanna is a member of the local environmental 5

team/group.

3 Plant ing trees can help reduce soi l erosion/

extinction

4 Chinchi l las are an endangered species/types

5 The Amazon rainforest has an extraordinarv

variety of wildlife/countryside

Social lssues

Match the words and complete the sentences.

wildl i fe

factory

l i v ing

SAVC

an imal

a waste

b l ives

c specres

d habitat

e condit ions

2

1 A pond is a smal l

2 pol lutes the earth's

rrvers and seas.

3 People always try to improve their

4 The discovery of new medicines can help

5 Many . . are at great

r isk from ext inct ion in the Amazon

Sim i les

Complete the sentences with the similesbelow.

a n r p A n : q a r : < < e : ' = a ' : l ; n : r q \ /

. brown as - : : ' - , o - : : -s a rose

1 M r < : . - . " " - - : :=^ on ho l iday? You ' re

- - - - - - : ' . ' s s leep, you ' l l be

in the morn ing .' : j . ; - . : l co l lege , she was

4trTlETItE*T___lt " t l

Fl-rFTI

It-

t:' lr' i,i

i : ,t i l ,- l i l i t t;-."i

1 2

are trees important? Use the verbs in the list to complete the phrases in the diagram below

. reduce . orovide o orotect . release

heairng

and cool ing costs

i 1 )

-_-;*

| . . . . f rom

ultraviolet radiat ion 2)for

shelter !

4) CO,

atmosphere

from the

th's

o l n- , v

^ ^ +c d L

t ' re

berg ./as

FTB-]PTIFltFTIfs-f_-]

Match the two columns and then createsentences, as in the example.

use energy-eff ic ient l ight bulbs

recycle paper and plant t rees

create a wi ldl i fe habitat in our garden

keep beaches clean

not use our cars in city centres

A help reduce air pol lut ion

B save energy

C protect wi ldl i fe

D protect forests

E help save sea turtles from extinction

1 8y usrr:E energy-efficient light bulbs, v'te {on save

€ner{}y.

2345

Underline the correct words.

1 My neighbours are going to raise/start a

campaign against the cutt ing down of t"e b'g

tree outside their house

3) . oxygen )

2 We are trying to raise/recycle money to build a

wi ldl i fe pond in the local park.

3 On Sunday, students from our school are gorng

to planVprotect trees on top of that hill.

4 At home. we try to use/recycle as much

rubbish as oossible.

5 lf you want to help plant/protect wildlife,

why don't you adopt an animal?

6 We use/start public transport a lot: this way

we help reduce air pol lut ion

Phrasal verbs

parts of the sentences.

The Mauri t ius Maunhus Dodo bird died . .

I ran

He couldn' t make

You look worn

They have brought . . . . . . . .

a

b

c

d

e

out of paper and I couldn' t pr int my essay

out! | th i 'nk you need some rest.

out my favourite writer's new book!

out around 1 690

out what that s ign said

I

8

1 3

Grammar in UseModals

Complete the sentences using must/haveto-should/oughtto-mustn't and the verbs below.

o drOP . reCycle . hunt . work o respect. Kee0 . asK

6

7

We al l paper. plast ic

bo t t les and a lumin ium cans in our homesY o u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l i t t e r o nthe ground.

Y o u . . . . . . e n d a n g e r e dspecres

You . . . . . the e lder ly .You . your dogon a lead

IYou are ill with measles. Make sentences fromthe notes your doctor has left you. Useshould/shouldn't.

. Stay at home for two weekso Rest as much as you can. Drink plenty of l iquids. 5ee fr iends unti l the spots go

1234

The future - time words

3 Put the verbs in brackets into the presentsimpleor future simple.

1 We (take) part in anenvironmental campaign when we join "Save

a Tree"

2 We . . . . . . . . (no t /go) un t i lyou come back home

3 | wi l l recycle the magazines after | . .

. . . ( f in ish) reading them4 Don't forget to walk the dog before you

s wr,.,. l',"#;::1;'l?:i

' Stt'l 0.. go to the Envrronment Awards in Manchester=

1 l4e is going tc meet the Minister of Health an theI lth af Nav€rnber.

Going to

4 Rupert is the director of an environmentagency. Look at his diary and write down whathis arrangements are for the fol lowing dates.

23456

Wil l - Going to

Fillin will or goingto.

4

5

2

5a A .I H . | . . . . . donate f20 to my local

environmental group

Well done! | think that 's a great idea.

. . . go to the countryside thisweekend?

I don' t think so I heard on the news thatr t . . . . . . r a i n

What . . . . . . . do for your sciencepro1ect?

I . . . . make a w i ld l i fe pond.

Sam . . jo in Greenpeace nextmon ln

Great l I jo in then. too

ls Tony coming to the environmentalf r r n r i r r i c a r 1 - ^ n ; ^ h f ?

I don't knor,r,, I

f ind our

B :

2 4 .

B :

3 A :

B :

4 A :

B :

5 A :

B :

1 4

. . . c a l l h i m t o

1 0

1 1

1e

)ster

vhates.

ocal

th is

that

)nce

) ,

ntal

r t o

A:

B :

A:

B :

A:

B :

My suitcase is so heavyl

| . . . . . . . . . . . h e l p y o u c a r r y i t

You look exhausted | 7

Yes I am | . . . . . . go to bed

What are your plans for the August break? :We . . . . . sa i la round the Greek

islands

A: You st i l l haven't c leared up the garage

B : S o r r y . l p r o m i s e I . . . . . d o i t

tomorrow after work

A: l 'm so thirsty

B: | . . . . get you a glass of water.

A: Why did you wake up so early today?

B: | . . . . . . . meet A l i son fo r a qu ick

coffee before work.

A: Antonia plays the cel lo so beaut i ful ly.

B: She . . become a great cel l ist

one day

A: What are you doing tonight?B' l 've oot t ickets to a classical concert . I

see the St Petersburg

Ph i lharmon ic .

A: Good afternoon Can I speak to Tonia,please?

R l i l c t : m i n r r t o n l a ^ - ^ |u r r i l r r u L L , V ' L d ) C I

n o t h o r f n r r r n r r

15 A: . . . you . . learn another

foreign language before leaving school?

B : Y e s , 1 . . . l e a r n S p a n i s h .

Prepositional Phrases

Fillin: from, in, at.

By adopt ing a sick animal, you can help save

animals ext inct ion.

2 The chinchi l la is danger of becoming

extr nct

We must protect both large and smal l

habitats being destroyedToday, nearly 15 percent of the wi ldl i fe in

B r i t a i n i s . . . . . . . . r i s k o f b e c o m i n o

extrnct.

Sentence transforrnations

Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the f i rst . Use no more thanthree

_*ofd..r:1 l t is against the law to hunt endangered animals.

Y o u . . . . . . . . . . . . .endangered animals.

2 Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years agoDinosaurs have.. . .mi l l ions of years

3 lt would be a good idea to check the site before youfill in the adoption form.You . . . . . the si tebefore you fil l in the adoption form.

4 l f we don't want animals to become.ext inct wemrqt nrntprt thpir habitatS

Wenatural habitats or wi ld animals wi l l become ext inct

5 lt is everyone's duty to do what we can to help theenvlronment.W e . . . . . .what we can to help the environment

Word formation (forming nouns)

Fill in the correct form of the words in bold.

1 An increase in factory . . . . . wi l l

lead to an increase in factorv waste

PRODUCE

2 Thanks to the Internet,

among people has become easrer.

COMMUNICATE

3 Man's indi f ference has led to the

of many species. EXTINCT

4 The . . . . . . . . . o f new med ic ines

wi l l save people's l ives DEVELOP

5 In the of your essay,you can restate why recycl ing is so important.

CONCLUDE

' t2

1 3

1 4

8

6

l .

rext

1 5

Reading

I Look at the sentences below about a species of endangered turt le.sentences are true T(true) or F(false).

1 There are more than two mil l ion green sea turt les in the worl t .2 The green sea turt le is not the only sea turt le whose numbers a.e3 The green sea turt le provides food for human beings4 A lot of countr ies do not al low oeoole to hunt the turt les5 Fisherman do their best to avoid catching the turt les.6 The turt les are sometimes caught in old f ishing l ines.7 The turt les l ike to eat plast ic.

8 Tourists fr ighten the turt les away from their nest ing beaches9 Bright l ights are dangerous for young turt les.

10 Scient ists have known about the ki l ler disease for a long t ime

Read the text to decide whether the

^ t smai ler .

La;*.ffittiffi{ffilflle Srmffie

Tffiu;Llilttl[mfound in warm coastal waters around the world, butthe largest populations today are in Florida and the Caribbean,Hawaii, and Borneo. In all these areas the turiles are at risk, with populations in Florida and Mexico officiallydescribed as endangered. Although in the past there were probably several million green sea turtles in the world,today scientists believe that fewer than 200,000 adult females remain. Below we list some of the reasons wnvnumbers of this and other sea turtles have declined.

i: iPeople around the world have used the meat of the green sea turtle for food since ancient times and it is the mainingredient in turtle soup. The eggs, which the female tuftles bury on sandy beaches, are also collected by hunters.Unfortunately, although laws banning the hunting have been passed in many countries, people continue to do so

Every year, more than 10,000 sea turtles are accidentally trapped in fishing nets. Unable to breathe, these turtessoon drown. Many of these deaths could be avoided if the fishermen made minor changes to their equipment thatwould allow the turtles t0 escape. For some reason, many fishermen seem unwilling to do this, although the lawreouires them to do so.

The seas are littered with rubbish which can prove deadly to the turtles. They can become entangled in old fishinglines and nets or they may mistake pieces of plastic for food. When the tudles swallow the plastic, it can block theirdigestive systems and then the turtles starve to death.DMore and more beaches, used by the turtles as nesting areas, are lost every year as tourist areas are developed.This means that the females do not have a familiar place in whrch to lay their eggs and as a result some femalesmay noi nest at all. Even if the turtles do manage t0 lay their eggs, ihese may be crushed by people walking alongthe beach. Just as seriously, the young turtles are often confused by the brighi lighls,,,,'hen they hatch anq areunable to find their way to the sea and safety.

i:iE::',

In recent years, scientists have repofted that a new disease is affecting :':.- ::1 .-:. :::-raiions, particularly inFlorida and Hawaii. Scientists suspect that the disease, which eventua , ' : -- - ' . : . .- : ,nies, is caused bv avirus or parasite, but the exact cause is not yet known.

, , - , i : ,

Listening & SpeakingGlobal Warming

a. You wil l hear a personcommenting on a new bookabout global warming. Forquestions 1- 5 choose A, B or C.

1 The book says that most

exper ts . . .

A think the world wi l l get

colder in the future

B disagree on the reasons forg loba lwarming.

C say global warming is an : t r r r : l n r n a a < <

Most scientists agree that the

rate of global warming is . . .

A no t chang ing .

B slowing down

C arowing quickly

The speaker says that the

book contains . . .

A too many complicated ideas

B a lot of sensible suggestions

C technical advice for

electr ic ians.

The speaker agrees that we

A spend too much in< r r n o r m : r l r o f <

travel too far to frnd good

food

should buy more local foodpro0uce.

b. In pairs, use your answers in Ex. 1a to talk about globalwarming.

a. Complete the exchanges with sentences from the box.

. How interesting! I never knew thatr Sorry - | didn't think of thato Don't you just love it here. I suppose you're r ight

1 A :

The sea is so beaut i ful and calm.

B: Yes, it 's a beautiful place

A: Did you know that turtles survived the dinosaur extinction65 mil l ion years ago?

B :3 A :

B :4 A :

Why are you

bin? lt's best

throwing al l that paper

i f you recycle i t .

into the rubbish

Jane, wouldn' t i t be better i f we rode our bikes to school

instead of taking the school bus? We could do our part

to reduce pol lut ion in our ci ty

b. In pairs, act out similar exchanges.

Making suggestions - Agreeing

Read the conversation below. Fi l l in the gaps with thefol lowing expressions.

. Why don't . How about . let 's . Good thinking

. Why not . That's an excellent idea

!i,Beth: Hi, Jo. How is it going?

Jo: Hi, Beth. Great, thanks. Ive just finished my essay. 1rAnd you?

Beth: Ive just finished mine, too.

Jo: WelI , l ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do something!t ,

Beth: OK! 2) ............... . going to the :lconservation park? They are offering free guided ;tours today.

lo: Great. 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ask Tom

if he wants to come, too?

Beth: 4) .I'lI give him a call.

Jo: I have an idea! 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we walkinstead of driving there?

Beth : 6 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !

B :

3

1 7

Writing (an e-mail asking for

Getting started

Sam is thinking about volunteeringfor a fun run that will help raisemoney for endangered species.When he saw the advertisementbelow he took some notes. Usingthe phrases below, turn the notesinto sentences, as in the example.

. Could you please let me know . .

. I would be grateful i f you could .. .

. I am interested in finding out (ifl ...

. I would like to know (iflwhether) ...o I would appreciate it if you could ...

I would [ike to. know how long the

race ts"

information)

Whattime/start?

When/

closing

date/

i ls thereq t I

2

entries? ' fee?

Let's look closer

Read the e-mail Sam wrote to Ms Hil l asking for addit ional information. Fi l l in the paragraph plan withthe headings and then answer questions 1-3.

. closinq remarks . askinq for information

Why has the writer started off with Dear Ms Hill? Could he sign off with Yours faithfully or Best wishes? Why?

Has the wri ter covered al l the points? Underl ine the relevant phrases/sentences

Has the writer asked ouestions not mentioned in the notes?

1

2

31 8

Opening/Closing remarks the fol lowing sentences from informalto formal.

OW

ng/

LCe?

rNATA

entry

>?

Mark the fol lowing opening/closing remarks with OR or CR.

1 | am wri t ing to request some

information on the Save the

Panda fundraiser that I saw

advert ised in this week's

edition of Animal Lovers

2 | look forward to hearing fromyou soon

3 Please wri te back at your

convenience with the

information

4 | saw your advert in Ecology

magaz ine and I wou ld l i ke to

f ind out more about your

organ rsatron.

Formal Style

1 I can' t wait to hear from you

2 I want some information on Greenoeace.

You can call me on 121 017234

l 'd be inierested in applying for the environmental of f icerposit ion

5 You can get in touch with me at the address below.

6 Best wishes,

Your turn

Read the advert for the Portman Environment Agency and thenwri te a let ter asking for information. Use the e-mai l in Ex. 2as your model.

-tI

, n lI

J-.1

II

_l

III

IJ

which

countries/work?

what

volunteers/d

o?

how

long/training

last?

request an

application

form

Formal let ters are sent to people inan off ic ial posi t ion or people you

don't know very wel l . They arewritten in a formal style with apol i te, impersonal tone.

You can write a formal letter torequest information, apply for a job/

course, etc.

Formal style is character ised by theuse of:. advanced vocabulary

I am writing to enquire whether ...(NOT I vtart te ask tf ...)

. formal l inking words/phrases(Furthermore, However,

Secondly, etc)

Secondly,lwould like to .... passrve votce

I can be contacted ...l ^ l / f T V ^ ' ' . - ^ . ^ ^ t - . r m ^ I1 ' v v , . f f i . . . /

r polrte forms without contractionsIwould like to apply ...lltlAl= I'A lilza It , v v r . m . , . /

Colloquial expressions, phrasal

verbs, id ioms and short forms areNOT used in formal style

I|OIUNIIIRS I|I|ANIID

The Portman Environment Agency is looking foryoung volunteers for our help centres. We work

with environmental agencies in 30 different

countries around the world.

We will provide training, free accommodation and meals.

For more information contact Lisa Jonesat liones@environment.co.uk

Take abreak

Vocabulary PracticeTravelling

Use the words/phrases below to fill in the gaps

. expiry date . saved up . turn off " rushedo warned me against . avoided . wandering. assumed . high-factor . in sight r noticed. looking forward to . relieved o destination

is ncFor those who love travell ing, travelwrit ing sounds like a dream job.

Not only do travel writers travel for free but they also get to publish their experiences in guide books.However, as the stories below il lustrate, travelwrit ing is no holidayr

Alma Grant, Travel Writer for Let's Go Guide to MadridIt was my third day in Madrid doing research on restaurants and cafes. As I was1 ) around, I saw this quiet little street and I decided to2) . . . . . . to the r ight . | 3) . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . that there would be more cafes,restaurants and tourists in that area but there wasn,t a soul4) . . Then | 5) a man runnrng rowards me. As he ranpast me, he grabbed my bag. | 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . to the nearest police station. Theytold me that I had been walktng in the most dangerous neighbourhood in the cityl

Richard Foster, Travel Writerfor Lonelv Planet Gurde to Chile

My publ isher hadT) . . , , . . . mountain bikingin the Torres del Paine on my own, but I didn't listen. Iwas really 8) . the challenge. Thearea is in a spectacular mountain range and it is the

adventure. What I didn't knowwas that the weather in themountains can changeunexpectedly at night. So,although

expensive bike equipment, I hadn'tthought about buying the appropriate

Sonia Khan, Travel Writerfor Africa Student Guide to Egypt

When you choose a tropical or a subtropical12) .. . . . . . you must be careful. Check anyrnformatron available on the area that you can lay yourhands on This may 13) potentialproblems that you may not have considered. My storvshows that some travel oroblemsc a n b e 1 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b ydoing simple things Thingsl ike wearing a(n) 15) . . . . . .

sun cream or, lnmy case, checking the16) on ananti-mosquito lotion. On my firstnight in Cairo. I aopl ied the lot ion without checking.As a resuli. I ,,,ras bitten by an infected mosquito andended up inf-csc,:ai1

clothes.

mornrng,

It was so cold that night I nearly froze. In thelwoke up exhausted and i l l bu t 11)

,20 that lwas al ivel

Match the words then use the phrases to f i l l inthe gaps in sentences 1-8.

Under l ine thecorrect word.

Where do we check

Moscow?

She stood on the ship's deck/port and waved

to her family

We are planning to go on a cruise/ferry to

the Aegean ls lands this summerCan vorr nive me a l i f t /boot to the trainc t : t i nn n l o :qo?

5 ls this the r ight plat form/compartment for

the 3 :1 5 t ra in to London?

6

7

The hotel offers disabled/wheelchair facilities

You'd be better off booking your tickets through

a reputable/rural travel company.

We would l ike to apologise for any

inconvenience/warning caused

Paul lost his temper/mood when the car ran

out of petrol .

There was a very long queue/boarding at the

counter

Phrasal verbsComplete with the appropriate phrasal verb.

' l Could you give me a l i f t to the port?Could you . .

at the port?

Some air l ines cheat people by charging them

too much for tickets.

S o m e a i r l r n e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p e o p l e

by charging them too much for t ickets.

Lisa said goodbye to Brian at the train stat ion

L isa . . . . Br ian . . . . . . . . . . . a t the t ra in s ta t ion .

On our way to Paris, we stayed for a little

wh i le in Ca la is

On our way to Paris we . . .

in Ca la is .

5 They started on their journey to America ful l

o f hope and op t rmism.

T h e y . . . . . . .

5

tlTlPTIFltt4TtT=--r----l ) l IT ---r----l o l I

FTIFTI

a Insurance

b car

c hour

d company

e map

f pass

g certificate

h service

1 The car broke down so we had to cal l the

for a replacement.

2 You wi l l need a copy of your

in order to get a new passport

3 You'Ll get a . . at the air l ine's

check-in counter.

4 This train has an excel lent . .

5 We wi l l not be able to f ind our way to that

b e a c h w r t h o u t a . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 You should always buy

before going abroad.

7 Dur ing the morn ing . , the

trains are packed with people.

8 The hotel offers

Fi l l in with the correct preposit ion.

1 Today, I am go ing to work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foo t

2 Doyou en joy t rave l l ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . t ra in? 5

3 When getting a train, you must mind

the gap between the train and the platform

4 Keep walking that gate. The t icket

office is on vour left

5 The p lane is board ing . . . . ga te 25 .

Complete the idioms.

1 | am hop ing tha t Mary and John w i l l re tu rn

home safe(unharmed)

to Claridges f"'. rV rf,.rr""r,.. i".:f:;i';I 'm afraid we can' t pick . .

We can only afford a cheap

hotel (choose selectively)

4 She l ives in the countryside. She can' t stand

renta I

buffet

boarding

bir th

travel

roa0

rush

room

for our f l ight to

1 0

cal

rny 4ourrt ialory

ng .rnd

the hust le for America ful l of hope and opt imrsm.

of London. (very busy and noisy) 6 When the plane lef t the ground, we got real ly

5 When Lisa lost her job we had to scrimp excited.

for a year (spend When the Plane .

very little money) we got really excited _2 1

Grammar in Use 3Used to / Would

Fill in the gaps with used to, would or both.

1 | . . . . . . . . . t rave l a lo t when I l i ved inAmerica.

2 Betty . . . . . be a hotel recept ionistbefore she joined J&J CompanyWe . . . . love travel l ing by boat butnow we prefer travel l ing by plane

Before she met her husband, she . . . . . . .t ravel alone.

5 As students, we .. take shortweekend breaks to London.

6 They . . . go away two or three t imesa year. but now they are too old to travel

7 When Brian was younger, hestay with his grandparents every summer

8 In the winter we . . go on skitnps to Austr ia or Switzer land.

Read the extract from a story and put theverbs in brackets into the pastsimple or the pastcontinuous.

One day. a dog 1) . . . . . (walk) over abridge carrying a bone in his mouth When the dog2) . . . . . . . ( look) down into the water, he3) . . . . . . . . . . (see) his own ref lectron ano4) ( think) i t was another dog carryinga bone lmmediately the dog 5) .(start) barking at the 'other ' dog

(want) his7) . . . . . . (bark). the dog 8)(drop) his own bone into the r iver. The bone was

Join the sentences using the pastperfect andthe words in brackets, as in the example.

5'e i rc<e her leg She cancel led her tr ip. (af ter): .: ' : ' : 'cd broken her ler;,she cancelled !:er trip.Sre a:rved in London Al l her fr iends lef t forEc i rou :gh . (by the t ime)

Sarah went white-waterraft ing She did airainrng course (before)

I t started raining(already . . . when)

They reached the airport

Mir iam arr ived at the port The ship left (by

the t ime)

Read the si tuat ions and make sentences fromthe words in brackets.

1 | was very tired when I arrived home(l/work/hard all day)I hsC been warking herC all Cay.

2 The two boys came into the house They hada football and they were both very tired(they/play/football)

4

2

There was nobody in thewas a smel l of burnt food(somebody/cook)

ki tchen but there

Oaaurru n.bone As he

5

Ann woke up in the middle of the night She wasfrightened and didn't know where she was.(she/dream)

When I got home, Mike was si t t ing in front ofthe TV. His clothes were covered in oaint(he/paint/the room)

Word FormationUse the prefixes un-, in-, mis-, over-, dis- to formnegative adjectives. Then, use them tocomplete the sentences (1-5).

fr iendly populated -

comfortab e - convenientinformed -

1 He is a very . .. boss because he rsaln/ays aosent

2 Caic,-::a 's a :-

6)

l1

22 city in India.

345

Wigs are hot and .. to wear.

He arrived at a very . moment

The taxi driver was rude and

Complete the exchanges by putting the verbsin brackets into the pastsimple, pastcontinuous,past perfect or past perfect continuous.

Linda (look) so upset

when lsaw her

l k n o w S h e . . . . . . ( c r y )

al l day She . ( lose)

her dog in the park th is morn ing .

. . . . . . (Nicole/ leave)

her job at the bookshop?Yes. she (work)

8 A :

B :

o n .

B :

5

How (be) your tr ip to Berl in?

Great ! We . . . . . . . . . . (do) a lo t o f

s igh tsee ing and . . . . . (meet )

some real ly interest ing people

A: How (you/break) your arm?

B: | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (h ike) in the B lack Fores t

in Freiburg and | (trip)

over a rock

3 A : (you/see) Claudia

at the party?

B: No, we didn' t By the t ime we( a r r i v e ) , s h e . . . . . .

(already/leave)

4 A : W h e n . . . . . . . . ( y o u / r e a l i s e ) t h a t

you . . . . . . . ( take) the wrong train?

B: | ( just/order) dinner in the

buffet car when I(hear) the announcement.

. (Tonia/go out)?

Yes, she (do).

there since 1 999 and she(feel) it was time to move on

A: By the t ime I was 27, I(save) enough money to buy a car

B: Real ly? | was 31 when I(buy) my first car I(work) very hard for years before | . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . (have) a l l the money.

A: Why were you so late this morning?

B: | . (drive) my car for twenty

m i n u t e s w h e n l . ( g e t )

a f la t t y re and . . . . . . . (have)

to cal l road service

12 A: What's the problem?

B: They (try) to f ix the machine

for hours yesterday but r t rs str l l broken.

5entence transformationsComplete the second sentence so that i tmeans the same as the f irst. Use no more thanthree words.

1 When we were at university, John and I wouldwork on a f ishing boat in the summerWhen we were at unrversity, John and | . . . . . .

to work on a f ishing

boat in the summer.

When he graduated, he started working as a

travel agent in Madrid.

He started working as a travel agent in

M a d r i d . . . . . g r a d u a t e d .

As I was gett ing ready to leave, Monica

walked in.

lwas ge t t ing ready to leave . . . . . . . . . .

. . Monica walked Ln.

John and I have been together for 25 years.

John and I have

After l iv ing in Spain

came to London.

that day 25 years ago.

for twenty years, we

1 0

1 A :

B :

5 A :

B :

1 1

a0

lre

AS

7

ofShe

for hours so she(decide) to take a break.

6 A: How long . . (Tim/look)

for a job before he was hired at the

National Gal lery?

B: Well, he (ust/graduate)

from college when he was called for an

interview.

A: Why was Andrea so stressed?

B: She . . . . . . . ( t ype) her essay

on the computer a l l morn ing when i t

(study) in her room

in Spain for twenty years.2 3

(sudden lylcrash)

ReadingLook at the text in each question. What does it say? Mark the correct letter A, B, or C.

Teach Enql ish abroad

NEVER LEAVELUGGAGE

UNATTENDED

; : " ; rr , take your tussase with you on thep lane.

You mustn' t leave without taking yourluggage with you.

You must keep your luggage with you at al lt imes.

Subscribe to our travel newsletter andreceive exclusive offers, previews and

giveaways by e-mail every week.

You must subscribe to our newsletter in orderto receive offers, previews etc.You have to subscribe to the newsletter everyweek.

It is possible to receive offers etc, if yousubscribe to the newsletter:

Call us now if you are between lB-30j1ft!'t.*ry3xgiry Si1w*1ryf@ffryWwlr.{1raery$yryilett3rs{*s*ts:

A You can get bargain pr ices i f you are over 30B You must be a student to get bargain pr icesC You must be between 18 and 30 to qet

bargain pr ices

reacntng expenence not necessaryRent-free accom modation

Competit ive salary

l f you have teaching experience you canteach Engl ish abroadYou can teach Engl ish abroad without havinqteaching experience.

When you teach Engl ish abroad you musthave teaching experience.

Laura can book her f l ight in her own t imeLaura must book Leonie's f l iqht as soon aspossible

Laura must hurry up and book her f l ight assoon as possible

LssE sTCILFht 0R MISS|NGITHfuIs NNUST ffiE REPORTFD

TO T!.IE MEPARTMENTCIF PUBt!C SAFETY AT ThIE

AIRPSRT.

Lost, stolen or missing i tems must be lef twnere they areLost, stolen or missing i tems must be takento the Department of Publ ic SafetyAnything lost, stolen or missing must bereponed tc i le Depaftment of Publ ic Safety

A

B

,}.:,:I

".ti.

i

24

ng

Listening & SpeakingBooking tickets 3

You will hear a conversation between twofriends, one of whom is complaining about atelephone booking. Decide if each sentence iscorrect or incorrect. lf it is correct, tick (/)YES.lf it is incorrect, tick (./) NO.

YES NO

1 Lucy spent an hour on the phone

trying to book a f l ight to Edinburgh.

2 The travel agent was pol i te.

3 The travel agent kept saying how

ousy ne was

4 The travel agent hadn't heard about

the Bri t ish Arrways half-pr ice offer

5 Lucy crred on the phone.

6 Lucy didn' t book her trcket rn the

end.

E t l

r T

Compla in ing

Choose the correct response.

1 A: I wasn't sat isf ied with the room service. l t

wasn't ef f ic ient at al l .

B : a I do apo log ise , s r r

b How can I help you?

2 A: How did you f ind the room?

B: a l t was dir ty and the view was awful .

b I d idn ' t

3 . A: What was wrong with your camping

hol iday?

B: a l t was not what I had in mind.

b The campsite was good enough.

4 A: I didn' t l ike the coach tr ip

B: a So what do you want us to do?

b What was the problem?

5 A: Excuse me, the sheets in our room have

not been changed.

B: a What do you mean?

b l 'm sor ry l ' l l send someone up

immediately

Travel Information

Use the sentences to complete the dialogue.

A: Good morning, Travel Bookings.

l ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?

B: I'd like information on ferry tickets to

Calais, please.

A: 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , s i r?

B: Tuesday morning. I would like a one way

ticket, please.

A: 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The ferry

leaves at 7:15 in the morninq and then

every half hour after that until 1I:00 at

night.

B: Sorry, did you say 7:I5?

A: 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B: Could you tell me how long the journey

is?

A: Yes.5) . . . . . . . . . . . , s i r .

B: And how much does it cost, please?

A: It's S35.

B: Great. 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for the

8:15 ferry, please.

. Yes, that's righto When would you l ike to travel. Just a moment, l ' l l check. I would I ike a t icket. How can I help youo lt takes around 75 minutes

E EE t l

E Er E

2 5

Writing (a story in 1't person narrative)

Getting started

Read the rubric. What is the story about? Who is the story about?

I You work at a teen magazine. The editor has askedI you to write a short story entitled,

The best holidoy I've ever had.

Let's look closer

2 Read the story and complete the paragraph plan with the headings: climaxevents, events in sequence , what happened in the end/feelings.

&@ W. were al l in good spir i ts after spending the whole summercamping in Europe l taly was our f inal dest inat ion and we weresetting up camp for the very last time. We were staying at a fantasticcampsite, big trees shaded our tent At night you could hear voiceshappi ly chatt ing in the darkness and insectsbuzzing in the trees.p" One evening, we decided to go to a tradi t ional l ta l ianrestaurant. We had been cooking for ourselves most nights, so i tseemed l ike a real t reat to have someone prepare our meal for us.Everyone got dressed up in their best clothes and we headed offtowards the town. The food was del ic ious. we tucked into ai l k indsof pasta, pizzas and juicy fresh fish dishes. Then, after we.d fjnishedeat ing there was a special dancing demonstrat ion by some of thelocals We clapped and cheered as they whir led around the dancef loor. Then, they made us have a go. No one was very good but wehad a great t ime trying to get the moves r ight.

$b Wf,en the music finally stopped we noticed that everything in therestaurant was shaking from side to side ,,euickl Get under the tables.It's an earthquake," shouted one of the waiters We hadn't noticed theground moving before as we had been concentrating on dancingl

&& W. were trembl ing with fear by the t ime the earthquake wasover l t only lasted a minute, but i t seemed l ike much longer Lucki ly,no one was injured and the restaurant wasn,t damaged, apart f roma few broken plates and glasses One thing is certain though, myfr iends and I wi l l a lways remember the night when our dancinqnearly brought the house down !

tinkersLink the sentences. Use the words in brackets in the correct tense.

1 The journeyended We got off the boat. (as soon as)2 The boat was sai l ing. we were eat ing ice-cream on the deck. (whi le)3 | was dr iv ing. I heard a loud noise (when)4 The plane hi t some turbulence. The pi lot made an announcement. (af ter)5 I booked my f l ight. I looked at t ravel websites on the Internet. (as soon as)

3

Introduction(Para l) set tbe scene(1tuho, when, u)be,).e, uhat)

26

-1" l

I

I:J

-l

IJ

4 Read the extract below and underl ine the correct past tense.

As I lf was driving/had drove home, it 2| started/wasstarting to rain. Suddenly the road 3f was becoming/becamevery slippery. Then, out of nowhere a dog 4| ran/was running outin front of the car. The dog 5| had disappeared/disappearedfrom view and | 6l was slammed/slammed on the brakes.Luckily, | 7) learned/had learned how to drive in dangerousconditions and | 8f was stopping/stopped very quickly. As I9) got/was getting out of the car, the dog 101 was wagging/wagged his tail. He was absolutely fine.

==et =':- ' ' '

An interest ing beginning is as important as an rnterest ing ending.

An interest ing beginning wi l l catch the reader 's attentton and

make him/her want to cont inue reading A good ending wi l l

make him/her feel satisfied

You can SIARfyour story by:

a) using your senses to set the scene and describe the weather,

atmosphere, surroundings or people's actions to create mystery

or suspense.

I ee ulrj hear the vtinrj ht:vvilng arauncl ffie. lt was quite rlcrk thar night

and it felt strange to be out in the wilCerness all alone"

b) using direct speech.'Alvteys lcok cn the brtghr siCe cf li{e, kids,' Mr {risbain usEr} n ref I us,

asking a rhetor ical quest ion. r .e. a quest ion that does not

requtre an answer.

hls,ve you ever {rovelled by train cn a warffi summer *ight7

addressing the reader directly.I cm surey*u allknaw what a bcrqain is.

referring to your feelings or moods.

lvvas exhawsteclberr;use lhad t:een skor*inq ell sfternr:an"

Match the beginnings of thestories to the endings and saywhich techniques have beenused in each one.

Beginnings

FTI "Don't walk under aladder l t 's bad luck " mygranny used to say

Why, for no reason at all,

do you feel scared when

you walk into some rooms?

It was so quiet, I could hear

my stomach rumbling. We

were all lying on the floor

as the bank robbers took

the money.

End ings

The man beh ind the

counter had saved us al l

with his bravery We were

al l extremely grateful .

l o f t e n t h i n k b a c k a n d

laugh to myself . I met my

husband because he

dropped a pot of paint on

me whi le he was paint ing

a window frame. Just as

wel l l 'm not superst i t ious!

I can str l l hear the words

of the fortune tel ler and

shudder to myself."Beware the house of the

r is ing sun, " she had sa id .

Your turn

6 Your editor al University Magazinehas asked you to write a storyentitled The happiest day of my life(80-100 words). Use Ex, 2 as yourmodel and try to make yourstory interesting by using thetechniques mentioned above.

i d )

i " )

Techniques to begin your story

Techniques to end your story

You can end your story by:

a) using direct speech.'!t's gaing ta be e!! right,' .Jchn s,sid ta me.

b) referring to your feelings or moods.

l&te were trembilnq vtit'* {Esr but v'rt were h*py:y i,: be ali rc,

c) asking a rhetoricalquestion.'Vlhy d*es it slwcys have le be so difficuit?'

d) describing people's reactions to/ feelings about the events

developed in the main body.f'ly fatker kad berarne the hero *{ the day dnd I was e/te,..:)/ inL)d cf

him.

27

2Live andearn

Vocabulary PracticeEducation

1 Fil l in the gaps with the words below.

. ordinary . well-behaved

. rely on . l i fe changing

. improved . valueo commented . compulsory. of i ts kind . treato respect o rnstruct

Summerhill schoolis not a(n)

in the UK, Summerhillis all about freedom. AtSummerhill lessons are not3)..................... . lf a pupil doesn't likemaths, he or she can choose not to go toclasses. That of course doesn't mean that apupil can always do as he or she likes. Thereare 190 rules at Summerhill and one of the firstthings teachers 4)..................... childrento do is to 5)............... .... each otherwi th 6) . ... . As a result, pupils

good manners. Pupils say that studying atSummerhill can be 9) .....................'Learning to 10) ...... ourselves tomake decisions is something that we wouldn'tlearn in an ordinary school,' 11)fourteen-year-old pupil Jo Whitley. Parents arealso enthusiastic. 'Summerhil l has12) .................. our daughters' mannerssaid one of them.'lt is a great school!'

r'<'r',.

",,**"..,.r:!:":r-, ",a.".0"

3

Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 -.rsery secondary, high, qij"jM

2 . ;r iversi ty, gym, l ibrary, lab3 prirrate, primary, professor, state4 headmaster, head teacher, tutor, course5 cert i f icate, diploma, degree, appl icat ion6 seminar, lecture, c lass, mark7 classmates, pupi ls, students, subjects

Match the words in the columns then usethem to f i l l in the gaps in the sentences below.

social

enro l

h i g h

scnool

payrng

pflvate

p layrng

a attentton

b subjects

c - s c n o o l

d on a course

e si tuat ions

f marks

I manners

h f ie lds

Many people do not know how to behave incer ta rn . . . .

I th ink l ' l l . . . . . . to improvemy German.

There's a great variety ofon offer at Eton.

Schools that teach

nave become very popular in recent yearsGett ing . . . in al l subjectswi l l help you get an interview at Oxford orCambr idge.

Poppy was not , in classso she couldn' t answer any of the professor 'squestrons

Charlotte studies at a(n)in Switzer land

Al l new students to St Paul 's School wereshown the l ibrary, c lassrooms and .

rTtE-nf { rt 5 l I

F-ttFTIr ---r---l o l I

F-tltrTt

2B

4 Use the words in bold to rewrite the sentencesusing the correct idiom.

1 Sonra has learned t l"e poem so well that shecan remember i t without havinq to read it .heart

I won't make the same mistake again because

I have learned from i t .

l e s s o n l . . . .

l o n l v m e t T e s s a a m o n f h : o n h t r t l f o o l l i k c I

know her extremely wel l

book I

Circle the correct word.

' ' l Susanna graduated/enrol led on a new course

in Chi ld Psychology

5

6

7

Students at Harvard University study long hours

and have a very demanding schedule/timetable

Paul graduated with a course/degree in

Engineering from McGil l Universi ty

Ei leen was encouraged/rel ied by her teachers

to apply to medical school

We attended a seminar/ lesson on Maths.

The deadl ine/close for the essay is Monday.

A teacher/tutor gives Andrew private lessons

every Fr iday evening

My brother Patr ick rs learning/studying for a

degree in Science

Tina was threatened/dropped by bul l ies at

school

I t comments/remains to be seen whether thrs

wi l l be benef ic ial

7 Complete with the correct preposit ion.

1 She spoke with her mouth ful l

food.

2 Robert always gets the blame, ^ , r ^^+^ , , ^ " t - . - . . J t - ^^enS in CIaSSv v r o L E V E r u o u r o P v

3 Mrs Sul l ivan is very popular

her students

4 She grew . . . valuing good manners

5 Her brother studies Bristol Untversi ty

Phrasal verbs

Fill in: fake, let, go, bresk, setfle in the correctform.

1 A: You shouldn' t be upset about coming

second in the race

B: I know, but I feel that I have . . . . . .

everyone down.

2 A: How did she react to the news?

B: She down and cr ied

3 A: I . your number down i1691'6srthr

Could you repeat i t for me, please?

B: Of course l t 's 212 015694

4 A: House pr ices are not as hrgh this year.

B: Yes, they have . . .. down by 15%

5 A: Al l the housework has been done and the

chi ldren have lef t for school.

B: Good, now I can down to

my wri t ing

I had no idea that Br ian's

famous-wri ters I guess, I

every dayl

l ive I

Word Formation

Use the suffixes to form nouns from the verbsin the l ist. Use the nouns to complete thesentences.

parents are world

learn a new thing

1 0

'or

1 R u s s i a n b a l l e t . . . .

. dance . col lect r piano

. examrne . operate

. mustc . organtse

. comedy . create

. perform

Rudolf Nureyev

a l l

was born in 1938 and d ied in 1993

The telephone in Mr Perkrns's off ice is always: nc rn i o rod hv t ho

Rupert Montague is a great . . .

of French 19th century parnt ings. He has over

50 o f them.

Bri t ish Rowan Atkison, also

known as Mr Bean, i s very popu lar in Japan.

8

. + -

. L )

or

SS

t )

re

Meredith Brown is the

many internat ional art exhibi t ions.

Arthur Conan Doyle is the . . . . .

. o f

of

SherlockHolmes.

The gave a f ine performance

of Beethoven's 'Moonl ight Sonata'

A(n) . . . is a person who acts or

s ings rn f ron t o f an aud ience.

29

Grammar in UseReported speech statementsFill in: say, tellor askin the correct form

1 l c a n ' t for sure, but I think Lynnls already looking for a new job.The teacher . . . he was disappointeowith our exam results.They . . . they had a wonderful t imein Cambridge

And now lwould l ike to . . . a fevuwords about the summer school play.Laura . . tha t she hasenrol led on a creat ive wri t ing course.He . . . . for their help but there wasnothing they could doProfessor Jones promised to ..us why he had resigned from his jobShe . for favours al j the t ime

on a Music course," said Tina

lng l i sh , ha l f - t ta l ian . , ' Bob sa id

our second year of high school, ' ,Andrew

8 " i ̂ a,3- : r , ' , , ;111.n my essay yet, ' , said Racnel

Reported q uestions/comma nds/orders

Turn the following sentences into reportedquestions, as in the examole.

1 "ls Brian well-behaved?,, Mrs Gardner askedMrs Gardner asked if Brion was vtelf-behaved.

) " f z n \ / n r I h ^ l ^- s v , , j v u , , 8 , p r r t e o U t w i t h t h i s M a t h sproblem? " Leanor asked

3 "Where is the nearest train station?', she asked

e ^ - - - - :

1 - ^ -t - : -

i :

2

I f ind i t real ly annoying.9 "Of course, l 'm your best f r iend, ' , she

ro me 4 "Wil l you pick me up from the airport at10 :00?" he asked

ASKCO

1 1 "Clear up the messin the l iv ing room," Zoesaid

"You must f i i - s-Cannon sa id

"What are your plans for tomorrow?,, pau

speech. "Do you preferclassical music to jazz?" Danasked me.

t ,

"Are you going to unrversrty in September? "Abby asked

8 "You'd better wake up early tomorrow,,,Timsard

l 'm studying

very hard formy exams.

9 "Could you lend me your car?,, John said

10 "Be nicer to your sisters,, ' Mrs Baker said

Tcm sairj (thct) he- was sturlying very hard fcr hisexams"

2 "l studied English at Bristol University,,, Laurasard 12 "Put tha t down, " Sa i l y sa id

3 Leah said, "l have been a teacher for ten vears ,, 13 "Don't be laie toinol-ov4,, Liam,s boss said

10 She . . . . . . . . T im to meet her ou ts idethe c inema a t 7 :00 .

Reported speech statements

Turn the following sentences into reported

Ann said, " l was doing the gardening when i ts t a r t e d r a i n i n g " . .

30

1 4 report today, " Mr

4 Turn the following text into Direct Speech.

The student advisor asked Paul why he thought he

didn't do well in the exams. Paul said that there

were many reasons behind his poor performance.

He explained that f irst of all, he had a fear of exams.

The student advisor asked Paul to tell him what

caused the fear. Paul admitted that he found it

diff icult to organise his time and that he didnt pay

attention in class.As a result, he always felt

unprepared.The student advisor suggested that Paul

spend more time in the l ibrary and keep a daily

schedule of the things he needed to do. Paul said

that he had always wanted to organise his time but

didnt l<now how to. He agreed to l<eep a schedule

and organise his time.The student advisor asl<ed

him to meet with him again next week.

Reporting modal verbs

Tim is talking to his teacher about his lowgrades and how to improve them. Turn whatthe teacher said into reported speech.

1 "You wil l have to work harder i f you want toimprove your grades," the teacher sard. . . . . . . .

"You must organise your day more effectively,"

he said

3 "A tutor can help you in the evenrngs," he said

4 "You have to spend more t ime in the l ibrary."

he sa id

5 "You wi l l

he sa id .

have to pay more attention in class,"

6

6 "You can ask

want, " he said.

me for help whenever you

- +3 t

.". "Why do yau think ycu didn't clo vvel! in the exarns?"

the student nCvisar asktd Feu!.

Reporting verbs

Use the verbs in the list to report thesentences.

. promrse . suggest c explain . deny . ask

1 "Please turn down the music," Phil ip said to)oyce Philip asked Jayce to turn dawn the music.

2 "Let's go to the Prcasso exhibit ion," Susansaid to me

"You should make

wri t ing your essays,

a nlan heforp vor r start

" he sa id

u l 5

) n

> t r

3 " l didn' t break the procelain vase," Evelyn

sa id .

4 " lw i l l improve my manners , " Jenny sa id

"Laura can' t come to the party as she has an

exam tomorrow," lan said. . .

6 "Let 's give Andy a cal l , " said Richard

Sentence transformations

Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the f irst. Use no more thanthree words.

1 " Let 's enrol on an evening course withlmper ia l Col lege," Barry sa id to me.R:rrrr cr rnnoctoal

on an evening course with lmperial Col lege." l wi l l hand in my frnal year thesis before the

dead l ine , " I sa id .l n r n m i c a d t h : t I

. . . . . my f inal year thesis before the deadl ine.

I wrl l never fai l my exams again. I have learned

from my mistake

I have and

I wi l l never fai l my exams again.

My sister disappointed our parents when she

dropped out of col lege

My sister

down when she dropped out of col lege."l applied to the University of Oxford," Mike said.

Mike said that he . . .

7

)e

" l w i l l send

Claud ia sa id

r r n r r r n n c l - r : r d f r n m ( : l z h r r r n "y u u d P U ) L L o r u i l v l t t J u t L v u t 9 l

8 "This laptop is very easy to use as i t is the

latpst technoloov " he said . ., , , v , v J ) l

3 1

'/r

to the University of Oxford

ReadingRead the text and choose the correct answer (A-C) for questions

Tililffi RY

HELET-IffiAhfrSKffiILffiffi

T I elen Adams Keller was born in Alabama in 1880-EL anO died in 1968. Helen became deaf and blindafter a short childhood illness when she was 19 monthsold. In 1886, aged six, Helen was introduced to AnneSullivan, a twenty-year-old teacher who was partiallyblind. Anne was the first person to teach Helen themeaning of words. The first word that Helen learnedwas 'water' which Anne taught her by running coolwater over her palm. Anne also taught Helen how tospeak by touching the lips and throats of other people,which is known as the Tadoma method. Helen wasvery close to Anne, and called her 'Teacher'. Theyremained close friends and companions for 49 years.

In 1894, Helen and Anne moved to New York to studyat the Wright-Humason School for the Deaf. In 1898,Helen entered The Cambridge School for Young Ladiesin Massachusetts and in 1900 she was admitted to

What is the author 's main purpose in wri t ing

the text?

A to present us with a short biography of

Helen Adams Kel ler

B to talk about the success a deaf and bl indnerson c,an arhieve in l i fe

C to explain why Helen Adams Kel ler is such

an Insprf lng person

D to describe Helen Adams Keller's personality

What would a reader learn about Anne

Sul l ivan from the text?

A She was l ike a sister to Helen.

B She was Helen's teacher and close fr iend

C She was very close to Helen

D She was an inspiration for Helen.

What did Helen do after she graduated from

col lege?

A She went to Massachusetts.

B She wrote lhe Story of my Life.

C Sre : 'ar, ,el led ihe world as an author and

D S"e rc,,'ed to Alabama

Helen was an except ional person becauseA she managed to ach ieve grea t th ingsB she was the f i rst bl ind and deaf person to

wri te a book

C she was the f i rst bl ind and deaf person to^ " - ^ , , - + ^ { . ^ ^ - ^ l l -grduudLe i l (J r I Lo i lege

D she raised funds for blind and deaf people inAmerica

5 Which is the best descr ipt ion of Helen?A an exceptronal oerson who overcame

bl indness and deafness to achive qreat thinqs

a bl ind and deaf author who travel led toover 39 countr ies

an exceot ional bl ind woman who was a

a gifted blind and deaf author and speakerwho wrote many books

Radcliffe College. In 1903, she wrote anautobiographical book called The Story of my Lfe.ln1904, Helen graduated from Radcliffe College becomingthe first deaf and blind person to graduate from college.

Helen became famous all over the world as an authorand speaker and travelled to over 39 countries withAnne. Anne Sullivan died in 1936. Helen devoted therest of her life to raising funds for blind and deafpeople in America. In 1960, she published anotherbook, entitled Light in my Darkness. She died in June,1968 in Connecticut.

Helen Keller will always be remembered as anexceptional person who overcame her blindness anddeafness to achieve great things. As she always said,'The best and most beautiful ihings in the worldcannot be seen or even touched. Thev must be feltwithin the heart.'

*l

32

Listening & SpeakingEvening Courses

You wil l hear information regardingevening courses. Fi l l in the missing informationin the numbered spaces.

THE EVENING COLLEGE

offers evening 1)

ENROLL TODAY AND SAVE I2O

COURSES on offer: French, ltalian,2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G reek and3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A l l our 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are nat ivespeakers with a minimum of 4 years'5 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Courses s tar t in 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and consis tof a total of 28 lessons.

Enro l lmen t : Up un t i l 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31s t

Tel:02072240714e-mail : language@eveningcollege.co.uk

Polite requests - agreeing/disagreeing

2 Circle the correct sentence.

1 A: a Can you give me your dict ionary?

b Could I borrow your dict ionary?

B: Yes, of course

2 A: Cou ld you lend me f 10?

B: a l 'm afraid I can' t I only have f5 in my

wal let

b Actual ly, I don' t do that

3 A : a Would you mind hand ing ou t the

photocopies, please?

b Hand out the photocopies, now

B: l 'm afraid I can' t Mrs Sounders asked to

see me in her office

Could you please help me with the Scienceproject?

a Yes, you could.

b Yes, certainly.

Could you give me a lift to the shops, please?

a Actual ly, I prefer walking

b Sorry, l 'm not taking the car.

4 A .

B :

5 A :

B :

3

Telephone etiquette

Complete the telephone conversation with thesentences below.

. Who is speaking, please

. l ' l l just get him for yo-

. Would you l ike to leave a messagec How can I help you. Great. I 'd appreciate i t

Good morning. National Gallery.

r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?Hellol May i speak to Mr Byrne, please?

2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?

This is Helena Bell, Mr Byrne's sister.

One moment, Mrs Bell.3)

---t'=ll s l: l

;l

l:r" lJ;t-lJ

A:

B :A:B:A:

B:A:

B:

A:

Thank you.:'

I'm afraid Mr Byrne is not answering his Iiphone.4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?

Yes, thank you. Could you please ask Ihim to call me?

Of course. I'll make sure Mr Byrne gets

the message.

5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tnln1 g^D

).

orrh

afEI

anrdi , llur

1d;lt

33

Writing (a for-and-against essay)

Read the rubric and underl ine the key words. Think of reasons for and againsf boarding schools andcomplete the spidergrams.

,i, Your teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the positive and negative aspects of going tofi a boarding school. Write your essay explaining what i t is l ike studying and l iving in a school most ofI the year.

moreindependent

students

moreo Y n a n ( \ / a

2

Let's look closer

a. Read the essay below and complete the paragraph plan with the headings. How many of your ideascan you find in the essay?

. advantages & justi f ications/examples . your opinion . disadvantages & justi f ications/examples

$M. More and more parents today choose to sendtheir chi ldren to boarding school But whereas somechi ldren enjoy the experience, others f ind i t di f f icul tand unpleasant So, what real ly are the advantages

and disadvantages of boarding schools?

@ fh.r" are certain advantages to attending aboarding school. To start with, pupi ls learn to relyon themselves and make their own decisions. As aresult . they become more independent.Furthermore, boarding schools have excel lentfaci l i t ies such as swimming pools, theatres andcinemas and pupi ls are encouraged to take part inmany act iv i t ies.g*

F& However, l iv ing rn a boarding school has i tsdisadvantages The main drawback is that chi ldrenfeel very lonely when they are separated from theirparents and other family members Also, themajor i ty of boarding school students come fromwealthy famil ies. As a result , pupi ls from poorer

famil ies might feel insecure or isolated

p, tn conclusion, going to boarding school has i tsadvantages and disadvantages. I bel ieve thatparents should research and drscuss the pros andcons to determine i f boarding schools are r ight for

, their chi ldren and family.

b. Underl ine the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs of the essay. Can you think of alternativeones?34

For-and-against ' essays are one type of discursrve,,vr i t ing in which you discuss the advantages/

drsadvantages of a specif ic topic. A ' for-and-against '

essay should consist of

a) an introduct ion in which you present the topic,

making a general remark about i t wi thout grving

b) a main body in which you present the points for

and against, in separate paragraphs, support ingyou r a rg u ments with j ustif ications/exa m p I es;

c ) a conc lus ion wh ich inc ludes your op in ion (e g . In

my opinion/view, I bel ieve/think, etc) or a balanced

summary of the topico You must not include opinion words ( l bel ieve, I

think, etc) in the introduct ion or the marn body.

Opinion words can be used in the f inal paragraph,

where you may state your opinion.r 'For-and-against ' essays are normal ly wri t ten in

formal style; therefore you should avoid usingstrong language ( l know, I am sure, etc), shortsentences. col loqural expressions or idroms.You can f ind this type of wri t ing in artrc les in

newspapers, magaztnes, etc.

Linkers

Replace the l inkers in bold in the essay withthe fol lowing.

. To conclude . First ly . In addit iono For thrs reason o On the other hand. Consequently o Y1or.ou.t

Techniques to begin or end your essay

To attract the reader's interest and make thebeginning or ending of your essay more effect ive,you can use some of the fol lowing techniques:

a include a rhetor ical quest ion

ls it true that a great teacher can change your life?

b address the reader directly

lf you are patient and caring, you will have more

chances of becoming a great teacher.c include a quotat ion ( i .e a sentence or phrase

taken from a book, play, etc) When we use a^ , , ^ + _ + ; ^ ^ ; + ; - , ^ ^ - e s s A r v t o m e n t i o n t l ^ e 6 1 2 1 1 69 U U L d L r U r r , r L r > i l e L - - , - .

of the person who said/wrote it

As G.K. Chesterton said,'Education is simply the so,Ll of

a society as it passes from one generation to aici:^,.t.

Read the extracts below and say which arebeginnings and which are endings. Thenident i fy the wri t ing technique(s) that has/havebeen used in each.

Have you ever thought how many toxic and

chemical substances are to be found in ourshampoos. deodorants and creams? Accordrng to

a recent statistrc. 98o/o of the toiletries we use arevery dangerous to our health. So, does that meanthat we should stop using toi letr ies al together?

In my opinion, there are many points against

diet ing Besides, as Cyri l Connoly said, 'The oneway to get thin is to re-establ ish a purpose in l i fe '

More and more people today choose not to have

chi ldren Most peoole think that a l i fe without

chi ldren must be terr ibly lonely, but is that real ly

the case? Having no chi ldren has both i ts

advantages and disadvantages.

To sum up. I belreve there are more advantages than

disadvantages to travelling abroad After all, if you

don't travel and expose yourself to different cultures,you will shut yourself off from the rest of the world

As St. Augustine said, 'The world is a book, and

those who do not travel read only one page.'

Your turn

a. Use the ideas below to discuss the pros andcons of studying in a foreign country. Useappropriate l inkers.

Pros. experience different culture. become more ooen and tolerant. make new fr iends of different natronali t iesJustificationo learn the history, customs, language, etc

ovn :nd hn r i znnc

. accent that nconlg are different and havedifferent customs, beliefs, etc

. become international and cosmopolitanCons. miss family/friends. drfficult to adapt to new way of life. spend a lot of t ime on your own, without

emotional support from family. new customs completely different to yours

b. Use your answers in Ex. 5a to write youressay (120-150 words).

4

5

-1

_i:

I. . 1--J

3 5

Weird &wonderful

Vocabulary Practice

1 Fil l in the gaps with the appropriate words.

. countless . horn . popular . hauntingo ki l l ing . mythical . speed o protect. treasures . deaths

,;!ld*ii*iliidit!-*d!ilri;qli!..ii.irri:!i.t!:i+i,:;J _..., ...,,.,

eople have

throughout

l l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s tor iesand other 2l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creatures. Some mythsare about beautiJul sirens that pull sailors to their3 l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w i th the i r 4 l . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .songs. Others are about brave men 5l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dragons who watch over priceless 6l ............. . Then there are those about lhe unicorn with its white coat andits magical 7l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In the Mediterranean and the Middle East there are other stories of grif f ins with thesight and 8l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of eagles and whose job it was to 9f . . . . . . . . . . . . r iches. Each and every country

in the world has its own set of myths that have been passed down from generation to generation andwhich continue to be 101 ... . . . . . . . . . . . with chi ldren and adults today.

always loved myths andhistory there have beenabout dragons, unicorns

2 Circle the correct word.

1 Some mythical creatures were immune/

unaffected to any poison

2 Ancrent Greek gods were immortal/valuable

3 In Greek mythology the Sphrnx would ki l l

those who could not solve her r iddle/puzzle

4 The Hydra's nine heads were attached/pointed to a long neck.

Giants were feared/scared by people because

they were cruel and mean creatures

The Sirens would sing songs tr icking sai lors

into steering/dr iv ing their ships to rocks

Some people were moving/shaking with fear

as the giant entered the vi l lage 4The saiiors tapped/chattered their feet in

t ime to the music of the Sirens

As the children approached the cave, the dragon

knocked/frowned.

10 Thunder rumbled/rattled over the dark forests

and mounta ins

Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 petr i f ied, terr i f ied, elb , f r ightened

2 ecstat ic, s leepy, pleased, happy

3 surpr ised , impat ie r t , shocked, amazed

4 chat te r ing , shak ing , rus t l ing , t rembl ing

5 myth, sphinx, ceniaur, hydra

6 strength, courage, power, t .easure

7 human, vas i , g igant ic , huge

8 mean, nasty, baci , shiny

Fi l l in the correct preposit ion.

Tom trembled

the ghost

There was nc

ly ing ahead

iear when he saw

the dangers

L-

36

i

3 We were al l surpr ised . . . how brave

and fearless she was

4 The hero died a sword wound

5 Chris gasped horror at the sight of

the g ian t bear

6 She was so happy she was smi l ing . . . . .

ear ear

7 He was as white . a sheet after the

earthquake

8 Lauren is fond . ancient Greek myths

9 Paul has a col lect ion . science f ict ion

000K5

10 The Sphinx is assocrated . . . . . ancient Greece

Fill in: frightened the life out of , live in fear of ,scaredto death of, fighttothe death.

1 A: How did Laura f ind the horror f i lm?

B : S h e d i d n ' t l i k e i t a t a l l l t . . . . .

. ner.

B :

3 AB :

Are you coming with us to the snake shop

on Sunday?

l 'm afraid, I can' t come I am

SNAKCS

Paul loves his chi ldren dearly, doesn't he?

Yes, he wouldtn n rn fo r f fhom

4 A: Li fe in Sierra Leone is very dangerous

B: I know People

losing therr l rves

Circle the correct answer,

The s t rong w ind has been b lowing . . . . . .

s ince th is mornrng .

A cont inua l l y B cont inuous ly

C cont inu ing

Books, magazines and old newspapers

on the f loor

A l ied B lay C la id

L iam's behav iour i s ou t o f . . . . . .

A check B test C control

I love this part of town l t me of Paris.

A reminds B remembers C informs

The dus t : up in a c loud around us .

A rose B r isen C raised

The wind was and the leaves were

A ra t t l ing howl ing B howl ing rus t l ing

C howling . rat t l ing

7 We could hear the f loorboards from the

upstairs f lat

A c reak ing B rumbl ing

8 lt was so cold my teeth were

A chatter ing B crackl ing

9 The f i re was al l night

A crackl ing B f i r ing

C crackl ing

C creaking

C ratt l ing

B voice C speaking

10 Body language is as important as

language

A verbal

to

te

ry

ld ioms

Fill in the the correct word.

He had to blood to become a

mul t im i l l i ona i re .

Her arrogant behaviour makes my blood

I might f ight with my brother but we love

each other to bits. As they say, blood is . .

than water

The poor an ima l was k i l led in .

blood

Don't expect to get any information from( t r c e n n : l t ' c l i L o n o i t i n n h l n n d n r r i n fy , L L i l t g u t u u u u u L u r a

Fill in: petrified, delighted, bored, shocked.

1 We were al l . . to hearthe qood news.

2 | can' t watch TV al l day; I get so

3 J a n e w a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w h e n s h e

saw the snaKe.

4 The peop le were . . . . when

they heard about the plane crash

Fhrasal verbs

Fill in come, pull, get, hand, take, in the correcttense.

1 The tax i dr iver . . . . . . . . over to theside of the road.

2 l 've read in the newspaper that a Spanishcompany wil l . . . over Brit ish Arrways

3 Jane .. over a letter of apology to lan4 What has .. . . . . . . . over her? She

is acting so strangely!5 l t took h im years to . . . . . . . over

his parents' divorce37

Grammar in UseRelative clauses

Use relative pronouns/adverbs to completethe sentences 1-6 ,,,with phrases from :,the box.

. she is the l i fe and soul of a partyo his costume won the scariest costume prizeo most people go on holiday. won four Oscar awards in 2005r i t is celebrated on the 31st of October. she has been before

Halloween is a festival whirh is celebrated an the3l st of Qctaber

Laura is the kind of gir l .

3 'Million Dollar Baby'is the film

4 Steve was the one

5 Emma doesn't want to travel to a place . .

6 August is the month

Circle the correct relative pronoun.

1 Brian is the student who's/whose alwavsasking a lot of quest ions in,class.

2 She is the girl whose/who's mother is aneurosurgeon at St Thomas' Hospital .

3 This is the house which/who the Smnnsbouqht last month.He was shouting at the driver whbse/who's carhad broken down in the middle of the roadThe village where/which he was born is 20 milesfrom Edinburgh

1979 was the year when/which we moved toArgent ina.

The street where/which she lives is one of themost expensive streets in LondonIt was this time last year where/when we firstmet. \

Fi l l in the correct relat ive pronoun. put commaswhere necessary, Write D for defining, write NDfor non-defining, and say whether the relativepronoun/adverb can be omitted or not.

1 Martha Graham, who was one of America'smost important choreographers, died in NewYork in 1 991 (l' lD, cannot be omitted j

2 Maria, is getting married nextweek, is an old fr iend of mine

3 The gir l . . . the headmaster expel ledfrom school is Nora Smith.B i l l Jones , . . . . s tud ied a t the sameuniversity as my father, has become the newmanager of the Ritz Hotel in MadridThe Hal loween costume Lorna iswearing belongs to my sister Pat.That 's the boy . . . . . . .famous athlete.

The books . . . . . vvere on my desk wereremoved by the l ibrar ian.

The hotel . . . . " !" , ,e Si i , '€c iast yeardoesn't have a good rec-::: a-2004 was the year

Olympic GamesTh-+ ' . + l -^ l - - - ^t t t o L ) L t t c u d u - - . - - - - . .

Join the sentences using relative prorwuns/adverbs,

1 Laura is talking :o a - '- -: .-: : : . : l 1er carvesterdav.

1 0

father used to be a

- - - , + L ^. : : _ , L t c

eer car

4

2

yesre{ca jt.2 That's the notel Ulie s:a],:: :-=-: :s: s-mmer3 We went back to rne s-oc ' ,1, : , -- : . , ' , :s rhere.4 Th is i s the car . He or - .es : : . . . : - . . - : : . : y day .5 That 's the vi l lage. f , , ' la- ' , 's: : - , :s . - :"3_6 This is the gir l . He: csc< - j t : - a-:7 l t 's December The S,," ,e; : . -a,= z ' : r t , la l this

month

8 She has a beauir 'L .ea( aa= : -s; i : i celongto her mother.

9 There's the lacy. r : . Je- l- - : - , :s - raJy10 That 's the spook- . - : - ) : - - -s : l - : : :

Word FormationFill in the blanks with adjectfrves denived fromthe word in bold.

1 Madonna is a , . : -"

2 John is a very

3 The news left -s

4 She is a very . . . .

: ' r : ' S U C C E S S

: * , H E L P

SPEECH,' . : --- BEAUry

5

38

5

Comparatives and Superlatives

Have you seen PrideondPrejudice? Complete thesentences with the correct formof the adjective in brackets.

1 Mr BingleY ts

(polite) than Mr DarcY'

2 E l i zabeth is . . . . . . '

(young) than Jane

3 Mrs Bennet is . . ' ' " '

(loud) character in the film

M r W i c k h a m i s . . . " ' ' " " '

the f i lm.

Elizabeth is

person rn her familY'(rich)

Mr DarcY ls . . . .

than Mr BingleY

Complete the exchanges with the correct formof the adjective/adverb in brackets.

Mr DarcY has got

(beautiful) house Elizabeth has ever seen'

Mr Darcy thinks that El izabeth is """" "" "" .'... (attractive) than Miss Bingley' :

8 A: Pablo isn' t very sociable

B: No but today he's(talkat ive) than l 've ever seen him

Fill in with the correct form of the word inbrackets.

Come and visit one of 1) the mast exciting(exci t ing) countr ies in the world - Peru, where

the people are 2) . . . . . . . (hospitable) than

anywhere else You will see some of 3) .(old) s i tes in the world, as wel l as 4) . .(modern) c i t ies w i th 5 ) . . . . . . . . . . (good)

restaurants in South America.

To make t rave l a r rangements 6 ) . . . . . . . . . . . .(easy), our tour includes guided visi ts to some of

7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( f a m o u s ) c o l o n i a l c i t i e s i n

Peru You will also get the opportunity to explore

the lost c i ty of Machu Picchu - one of

8) . . (interesting) sites in South

America Our company offers tai lor-made tours

fo r even 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . (smal l ) g roups . We

provide accommodation in family hotels which

offer 10) . .. (friendly) service than

the larger, more crowded ones

Sentence transformations

Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 Rebecca was fr iendlier than al l your fr iends atyour birthday party.Rebecca was . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . of al l your fr iends at your birthday party.

2 Richard's mother organised his partyI I WAS

organised his party

No one in thefamily is as happy as Richard today.

Richard

one in the family today

Sybil was of great help to them during theparty preparatrons.Sybi lwas very . . . .

during the party preparat ions

Mary gave Richard this book as a bir thdaypresent.

This is the book

8

(bad) character tn

. (clever)

1 A: Stel la takes her work(serious) than Maria,

B: Yes. She does. Maria

B :

4 A :

B :

5 A :

doesn't she?

needs to try harder.

2 A: Lisa is gett ing and(good) at her job

B ' l 'm o lad to hear i t

3 A: I think we should buy the green sofa l t 's

6 A :

B :

7 A "

B :

so much(comfortable) than the blue one.

I couldn' t agree more!

I think i t 's t ime to go

You're right The . we get home,

the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ear ly ) we ' l l ge t to bed.

Somebody grabbed my bag thrs morning. I

t r ied to ca tch h im but he ran . . . . . .(fast) than me.

Oh, no !

I t was John'who ran(far) in the race, wasn't it?

That's right. The others drdn't have a chance!

Which is (cold) planet

i n tho <n l : r < r r< tom7

Pluto I think, but check in the encyclopaedia

9

Richard as a bir thday present.

39

Reading

Read the text and questions below. For each question, circle the correct answer A, B or C.

he Feast of St Lucia, which is celebrated in Sweden onthe 13th December, isr ls. .sr l r rnia i^ +r^ .

one of the most popular Swedish

-f Sr &cin

What is the main purpose inwriting the text?

A To tel l the story of St LuciaB To talk about the St Lucia

festival in Sweden

C To explain why the St Luciafestival is so popular in Sweden.

{he rfieffist

2 What does a reader learn aboutthe Feast of St Lucia from thetext?

A I t is a widely celebrated day inSweden.

B lt is only celebrated in big cities.C lt is not as popular as other

festivals in Sweden,

festivars. st Lucia is the saint "

,,nn, ".0;;:"JJ:T,",ffTione of the rongest and cordest nrghts * ,n. dark swedishwinter symbofises th

According to traditiol t:jti1-t light in darkness'

larry in * e m orn ins I ;i,Jjfl,Tff .;

il: T,n..l,,,ff -:,,.::

sash at the waist and a crown o..Jrri"o with candles, andserves her family saffron buns and ..0"". The boys in thefamily wear rong white shirts and pointeo- hats and herp toserve the buns and the coffee. CfritOren oO.n no to school

,ffi:,.] in these costumes and serve the buns to their

Every village and every town in Sweden has iis own St Lucia.However, the most famous on. in ;;;", rs the nationalLucia who is selected from among ir.lo,lrrno. of girts in acompetition. The winrand the winner '. *.,]"JniJJ::ilT[n] "i t' tucia's oavto spread her lighi in factories, ,r*p,i",r, il"r:ffi::ffi::and food stores. Almost every Swede t nor. the St Lucia songi- iSll[1;:"

manv st Lucia sonss o,1tn, most popurar

The night treads heavitvAround yards and Owettings,In places not reached by ihe sun,the shadows brooo.Into our dark house she cornesbearing lighted candles,Saint Lucia, Saint Lucia.

What is true according to the text?A Chi ldren give buns and coffee to their family and fr iends.B Boys and gir ls dress in special costumesC The gir ls wear white dresses and carry one l i t candle

What does St Lucia symbol ise?A The saint of winter.

B Light and darkness

C The return of l ight in the darkness of winier.

What does the wri ter tel l us about 13th December?A l t is the longest day of the year

B Chi ldren don't go to schoolC l t is a day when people celebra,: : - :

darkness of winter.40

Listening & SpeakingParty time

Listen to the dialogue between Phil ip andSimon. For each question choose the correctanswer A, B or C.

Phi l ip has already decided to

A organise a party

B miss the next party.

C go to Ji l l 's bir thday party

lnvitations

Circle the correct response.

1 A. How would you like to come to my party on

Sunday?

B: a Thanks. That would be very nice

b l 'm afraid i t 's late

A: Do come to the cinema with us.

B : a Y e s , l d o .

b Sounds good but l 'm afraid I can' t .

A: Please come to my birthday party on Friday,

B: a l t 's al l r ight.

b l 'd love to come.

4 A: l 'm having a New Year 's party on Sunday

Would you l ike to come?

B: a lwou ldn ' t mrss i t fo r the wor ld !

b Oh, come on!

3 Fi l l in the gaps in the dialogue with thewords/phrases below.

o l t 's so fr ightening . Don't be scared. I am scared of . l t was nothing. real ly fr ighten me

Jenny: What a spooky housel

1 ) . . . . .

EIsa: There's nothing to be fr ightened of Come on.

let 's go inside.

Jenny: You must be joking 2)

haunted houses

E I s a : 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! T h e r e a r e n o g h o s t s r n s i d e

Jenny: How do you know? Empty old houses

4) Oh dear!

What was that sound?

Elsa: 5)

Jenny: What do you mean? I heard a howling sound

l 'm sure i t was a ghost!

EIsa: Jenny, i t 's only the wind! Come on, let 's go

back home before you faint

2&- t: ::::

pY

Which did Simon prefer?

A Ji l l 's party on Saturday.

B Paul 's party on Sunday

C Ji l l 's party on Sunday

What pleased him most about the party?

A The costumes.

B The sh ip

C The danc ing .

The garden was arranged to

A make space for everyone.

B create an atmosphere.

C have better musrc4 1

L

42the boys out because of the wind

Writing (3rd person narrative)Getting started

Read the rubric. Who are the main characters? ls the writer involved in the story?

You have been asked to write a short story for New Writing Magazine. The story mustbegin with the words: "!'m tired," comptained Jake to his friend rerry. "Can we stop here for arest?"

Let's look closer

2 a. Read the story and complete the paragraph plan.

. completion of story, referring to moods, consequences,reactions, feelings and comments.

. description of incidents leading up to the main event anddetails of the event itself.

b*

P' l ' r t i red ! ' compla ined iake to h is f r iend Ter ry . 'Can we s tophere for a rest?' There was no response from Terry as he searcheddown the r iver for any landmark that might show which direct ionthey were heading in They were wel l and truly lost! Suddenly. Jakepointed towards something half hidden under the bank ' l can,rbe l ieve i t ! ' he squea led . ' l t ' s a canoe Come on! l t ' l l be qu icker toget downstream and f ind some signs of l i fe. ' Splashing through themuddy waters, they scrambled into the old canoe ano were soonheading downstream.

M nt f i rst . al l was calm unt i l they reached an open area and asudden wind began to rock the old canoe from side to side. Theywere moving much faster now and losing control of the canoe. ,Too

fast,' screamed Jake as they followed a bend in the river 'We,re

going too fast! 'Just then, there was a loud cracking sound as thecanoe hi t a huge boulder at the side of the r iver. throwinq the twoboys out into the freezing waterp, Seconds later, frantically trying to keep their heads abovewater, they struggled towards the nearby bank, their c lothesbecoming heavier and heavier. Fortunately for them, one of thelocals happened to spot them as he was passing and yel led to themto grab the long, heavy branch he was holding out for them.tsx[F Wrthrn minutes, the two boys were ly ing exhausted on ther iverbank 'This is certainly one adventure we are not l ikely to forgetfor a very long t ime! 'said Jake. Being extremely grateful to their

Conclusion(Paru 4)

b. Number the events in the order they happened.

FI-l Jake searched for a landmark

tET_l A local spotted them and hetped them out.fTT_-] Jake noticed a canoe half hidden under the

bank

I c | | The two boys headed downstream. tFT-l The boys thanked their rescuerf ^-T-----'lI D I I The canoe smashed into a boulder and threw reIl The canoe began to rock from side to side

Introduction(Para 1) Set the scene (ubo-wbere-wben-zulsat)

Writing techniques

Read the theory. Find examples of the writingtechniques mentioned below in the story.

Adjectives

a. The following adjectives can be used insteadof other simplist ic ones. Put them in thecorrect box, as in the example.

. slight o great . evil . happy . massive

. delightful . horrible . t iny . remarkabler fantastic o gigantic r vast o pleasant . huge. terrific . enormous . attractive . awful

big

smal l < ! i nh t

bad

good/nice

b. Replace the words in bold with words fromEx.4a.

1 This is a real ly big house.

2 l t is qui te easy to make smal l changes to the

way you lrve.

3 We had a(n) real ly bad journey

4 The view from our hotel was very nice.

Verbs

5 Complete the sentences with verbs from thelist, as in the example.

. reminded . cried . explained . admitted

. shouted . threatened . wondered

Who is this man?' Anna wondered'You don't understand. ' Paul'Linda has nothing to do with i t ''F roozo ' fhc no l i roman . a t the! , , u l i , v , , ! r ,

| , r

th ief . 'You are under arrest '

4 ' l f you tel l anyone about ourwi l l be consequences, ' Br ian .

meeting, there

'Yes, i t 's al l my fault , ' Mrs Saunders. . . . as she he ld back her tears .

'No, you can' t do this to f f i€, ' Jenny

7 'Make sure you ca l l Mr Perry tomorrowMarkm o r n r n g , ' S i m o n

ParticiplesUse a present or post porticiple to join thesesentences.

Jake was exhausted. He couldn' t go onBeing exhausted, Jake cauldn't go on.

They splashed through the muddy watersThey scrambled into the old canoe

The boys were thrown out of the canoe. Theyfound themselves in the freezinq water.

He grabbed the branch. He pul led himself outof the river

They kept their heads above water. Theystruggled towards the bank.

Your turn

NewWriting Magazine has asked its readers tosend in stories for its annual short storycompetit ion. The story must end with thewords 'The next morning he woke up, packed hissuitcases and returned home.' Write your story(100-120 words). You can use Ex, 2 to helpyou, as well as the t ips mentioned above.

12

6

4

7

To make your narrative more interesting to the reader.

you should:. use a variety of adjectives, such as imaginative,

wonderful, cautious, etc instead of simplistic ones

such as nice, good, well, etc.

e.g. lnstead of: John is a good boy with nice ideas.

you can write: John is a great boy with

wonderfulideas.. Use a variety of verbs such as wondered, screamed,

whispered, etc to avoid using sald all the time

e.g. lnstead of: "Help!" he said.

you can write: "Help!" he screamed.. Use present or past participles to join two simple

sentences into one longer, more sophisticated

sentence

e.g. lnstead of: He turned on the light. He saw

someone in the room.

you can write: Turning on the light, he saw

someone in the room.

43

State-of-r l .rne-art

Vocabulary PracticeE nterta i n ment/Fi I m/Tech n ology

Fill in the gaps with the words below.

o c l ass i r o spn r ro l o do f i n i f o l v . q rqnanca

. rewarded o fantdsy adventure o setr worth o entertains . orioinal . ounished

characters, Dahl 5) . . . . . us with his storyof spoi led kids and what happens to them. Onlyone good boy, Charl ie Bucket, is not 6) . . .for bad behaviour On the contrary, he is7) . . with the big pr ize in the end.To find out more, get yourself a copy of this

2

FTIPTIFTIr4Ttfs-t_-]reTtFTI

Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 F< thriller, horror, detective2 laptop, DVD player, digital camera, rvebsite3 complex, gripping, predictable, engaging4 theme park, theatre. art gal lery youth culture5 delete, restart. store. recycle

Match the words in the columns then usethem to fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

q n o r i : I

00x

computer

openrn9

t i t le

ful l

s tand ing

a track

b ovation

c -office

d effects

e animation

f nightg nouse

1 Polly was lucky to get tickets for the

. of the concert .2 The new f i lm Cars is sure to be a(n) . . . . . . . .

h i t

3 Star Wars has such good

that you bel ieve what 's happening on thescreen rs real.

4 The . . . . - . . . . on a CD is a songor piece of music that has the same name asthe a lbum

5 Shrek is a good example of the use of .. . . . . . . to produce real ist ic,

bel ievable creatures

6 The band had a(n) . . . onSaturday - there were no seats free at all

7 The audience showed i ts appreciat ion bygiving the soloist a(n) atthe end of the evening

Rewrite the sentences using the correct idiom.

1 Tim enjoyed himself so much at the concert :he danced and sang and had a great t imewith his fr iends.

T im wha le

2 He paid an awful lot of money for those newArmani jeans .

He an arm and

Nowadays, a lot of couples share the bi l lt n rhon t hev nn n r r t

4

Nowadays, a lot of couples

#Fswr€;ggw*ds/*e

Charlie and the Chocolate

Factory , the 1) . . . .

by Roald Dahl. is the kind

of book you can' t put

down. The plot is ful l of2 ) . . . . . . . . . a n d

al l the act ion is

3 ) . i n a

chocolate factory Five

lucky chi ldren get a tour

of the business run by

Mr Wil ly Wonka afterthey win 'golden t ickets '

for his 4)

chi ldren's 8) It's a fantastic readand you should 9) . . . . buy i t . t f you l ikei t , there 's a lso the 10) . . . . . . . . . en t i t ledChailie and the Great Glass Elevator. lt is also well1 1 ) . . . . . . . r e a d i n g

i e { } A t p x 3 , { K I4L.tri8raa?*& s" &{r*!*?lx af*a8

?@{

:\

in candy bars Famous

44r":lt:r.*!r

a-.j.- 1.4srFrjsj i,:iPF:rri4{rq*ft $F-e{:1rryri:t

rFe:ry::*ffi.

. . . . D u t c h

7

4 MP3 players have become very popular.

M P 3 p l a y e r s . . w o r l d

storm.

Word FormationAdd -en either as a prefix or suffix to make verbsfrom the following adjectives and use them, intheir correct form, to complete the sentences.

. dark " l ight . sure . quick . short

. r ich . Sharp r 63rnp

1 Tom closed the curtains to . . . . . theroom.

2 Nothing can his enthusiasm fortech nology.

3 He pressed the button to thenictrrre on the screen.

4 We real ly need to . . . . . . . . the knives.

5 Travel l ing to new countr ies and experiencing

d i f f e r e n t c u l t u r e s . , . . o u r l i v e s

6 Pau l go t up rea l l y ear ly to . . . . . an n n d n l r r a i n f h a r, , , . , , - q u e u e

7 The woman . . . . . . . . her pace as she

walked along the dark road

8 Maybe they should the f i lm as

three hours is too long

Underl ine the correct word.

The Internet has had an enormous impact/hi t

on the world of communicat ion

The plot is chal lenging/chal lenged and qurte

difficult to follow.

The book takes you to an imaginat ive/

imaginary world of witches and wizards.

I was stunned/stunning by the specral effects

in the new Superman f i lm

Dave said he was bored/boring with playing

computer games

I love this f i lm so much - | hooe there wi l l be a

sequence/sequel

7 Coco Chanel is wel l resoected in the f ie ld/

region of fashion.

8 The Ant Bully received favourable/favourite

reviews recently.

Complete with the correct preposit ion.

1 A: ls i t d i f f icul t to make a career

the f i lm business?

Not i f lou are determined to succeed

Aro vnr r in fo rac tor l <nor i : l a f fo r t< )

Not really For me the plot is more irnportant

3 A : Do you be l ieve . . . . . a l iens?

B: Yes. I don't think we're alone in the universe.

4 A: This is my favouri te song . . . the

a l b u m .

B: l t 's mine too

5 A: Sp ie lberg is work ing . . . . . . . . . . a new f i lm.

B: Real ly? What 's i t cal led?

6 A: CGI (Computer Generated lmagery) has

had a huge impact the

way f i lms are made.

B: Yes, indeed i t has.

I Fill in the correct word to complete the reviews.

o stAr o snerial effects . mission o directedo fllpnsfl o plot

ln Superman Returns our 1) .. is

once more on a 2) . to save the

world This is a tricky job, of course, and as

a result the 3)

of the f i lm is unpredictable and

excrting The action is 4) .... . .

using high-def ini t ion video cameras

to create the best possible

tm2noc lh t r h ) a re

better than ever before and

are highly bel ievable. Congratulat ions

must go to Bryan Singer, who 6)

this new blockbuster

. applause . download . recordings

. interviews . track . audiences

The debut album of Cherish is out

soon and should not be missed.

Y o u c a n 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a

taste of their musrc for free from

the lnternet and decide which

8) is your favourite

The band have been playing to huge

9) who have given theyoung s is te rs roar ing 10) . . . . . . V is i t

www.cherishsisters com for more rnformation

about TV 11) . . . , concer ts and

f u t u r e 1 2 ) . . .B :

2 A .B :

45

Grammar in UseArticles

Fill in a, an or the where necessary.

Si tua ted in 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . Eas tern As ia and border ing2) . . . . South Ch ina Sea and 3) Ch ina , HongKong is 4 ) . . . . . charming Ch inese c i ty w i th5). . . . . western elements l t enjoys 6). . . . . mi ldc l imate f rom 7) . . . . . . . . . m idd le o f September to8 ) . . . . . . . . . e n d o f F e b r u a r y . 9 ) . . . . . . . . . . . m o n t h o f A u g u s thas 10) highest rainfal l . Visi tors from 11)U.K can en ter Hong Kong w i thout 12) . . . . . . v isa

Hong Kong has 13) populat ion of nearly 7mi l l ion bu t i t i s 14) . . . . . . . . . compact c i t y so you arenever far f rom 1 5) shopping areas and16) major sights. 17) . Publ ictransportat ion via 18) bus, 1 9) . . . . . . ferry or20) train is efficient and inexpensive. Most21) . . . . . s igns are in both 22) Engl ish and23) Chinese. 24) . . . . shopping centres areamazing and 25) temples and parks offer quiet

relaxation 26) majority of Chinese people

speak 27) Manadarin but many enjoy2 8 ) o p p o r t u n i t y t o p r a c t i s e t h e i r E n g | i s h , s o

29) . . . . . . . communicat ion is not 30) problem.

The major i ty of 31) . . hotels are in 32) ,c i ty centre but there is also 33) growing

number of resort-style hotels outside the city34) . . . . . . . . v is i t to the Jade market in Yau Ma Tai is 4

3 5 ) . . . . m u s t . T h e r e i s 3 6 ) . . . . . h u g e v a r i e t y o f

s o u v e n i r s y o U C a n b u y f r o m 3 7 ) m a r k e t s a n dyou won't bel ieve 38) . . . . pr ices!

Hong Kong is one of 39) safest cities in4 0 ) ' . . . . . . . . w o r | d C o m e a n d e x p e r i e n c e 4 1 )

hol iday of 42). . . . . . . l i fet ime!

Fill in a, qn or the where necessary.

1 T immy is such . . . . . . . . respons ib le boy .2 . . . . youth of today spend more money on

. . . . . . . . c l o t h e s .

3 . . . jazz music isn' t my favouri te4 . . . . . . game he bought cos ts f205 Le t ' s meet a t . . . . . ca f6 near . . . . . . . . r i ver6 .. . . . actors do not always become famous.7 . . . . . . . . computer can on ly do what you

program i t to do

8 . . . . . . . . J o h n W a y n e w a s . . . . . p o p u l a r a c t o ri n . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 5 0 s .

9 Chinese are hardworking people.

10 Queen wi l l open . . ceremony

Quantifiers

Underl ine the correct quant i f iers.

1 A: Mum, l've invited a few/few people overfor dinner on Saturday.

B: Hmm, how much/many people exactly,Robert?

2 A. I am afraid I have few/little knowledge ofcomputers.

B: lt 's never too late to learn a little/little

3 A: lt took the writer some/several weeks tocomplete the chapter.

B: He has no/not any talent in my oprnion

4 A: Have you played all/every my computergames?

B: No, I have only played few/a few of them

5 A: There are few/a few good songs on the

a lbum - l 'm rea l l y d isappo in ted .B: I disagree with you - there are much/a lot

of excel lent t racks

6 A: Have you eaten any/some ice cream?B: No There was no/none lef t .

Adverbs

Put the words in order to make completesentences. What types of adverbs are thewords in bold?

1 computer gameyupstairVare playing/the boys

2 to the art gallerv/-+r:^e lriplenyoyed/really

2

3

46IIIh.

dramatical ly/cinema

has r isen

goers/the number ofl

4 wenVthey/to the zoolyesterday

5 check/e-mails/mylhardly ever/l

6 dinner/outside/we/had/our

7 agree/your comments/l/with/totally

8 the i nstructions/easi lylu nderstood/An gela

t her homework/Sandv/soon/to do/promised

10 new CDs/Ben/all the time/buvs

Reflexive pronouns

Complete the exchanges with reflexive pronouns.

1 A: Nice hair .

B: Thanks. I cut i t

2 A: Can you help me with my essay, Sal ly? l t 's

9 John w i l l buy a b ike ,

10 J i l l i s go ing on her own,

Phrasal verbs

Fill in cuf, toke, turn, stay, give.

1 A: Fancy staying up to watch the horror movie

with me?

B: l 'm sorry. l 'm so t i red l 'm going to . . . . . .

in for the night.

2 A: l 'm sorry to in, but I have to tel l

you something real ly important

B: l t 's OK, go ahead

3 A: How much d id they . . . . .

office last week?

I don't know exactly, but I know it was a lot.

OK, | . . . . . . . . . . . . . in l You can go to the concer t ,

as long as you are back by midnight.

Thanks , Mum!

Do we have to in tonight? Why

don't we go to the cinema instead?

Good idea. Do you know what 's on?

Sentence transformationsHere are some sentences about the cinema.Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the f i rst . Use no more thanthree words.

1 Most teenagers in Canada go to the cinema.

T h e r e a r e o n l y . . . . . . . . . . .

in Canada who don't go to the cinema.

2 There are several reasons why people go to

tne c rnema

Peop le go to the c inema fo r a . . . . . . . . . .

reasons

3 There isn't a more excitinq film than Lord of the

Rings.

Lord ofthe Ringsav r i t i nn f i lm ova r

t 'm sure tre ritm witt f. r 'o"*"ti;.: ;;. - '

The f i lm wi l l be a box-offrce hi t , . . . . . . . . i t?

The cost of a t icket to the cinema has r isen

dramatical ly in recent years.

7

. . in at the box-

B :

B :

B :B :

A:

B :

B :

A:

B :

due tomorrowl

Not aga in , S imon. Th is t ime you ' re go ing

to have do i t . . . . . . .

Who made the cake?

J i l l made i t . . . . 8

Do you need any help with your homework?

No, we' l l do i t

What should I spend the money on?

You could buy some

new clothes

A: What happened to the computer?

B : l t s w i t c h e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . o f f

A: Who is he going to the party with?

B: He hasn't invi ted anyone He's going by

Question tagsComplete the question tags.

1

2

3

4

5

That 's a great f i lm,

Let 's gcl to the cinema. . . . . . . . . . ?( h o h : q n ' t ' l o f t v o t )

A n n c a l l e d a n h o u r a g o , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? Recent ly i t has become much

She isn ' t F rench, . . . . . . . . . .? . . . . . . , to qo to the c inema.

47

ReadingThe people below (1-5)are al l planning to go to the cinema tonight. Decide which f i lm would be themost suitable for each. There are three f i lms vou won't use.

Bil l enjoys

working out,

especial ly in

the gym. He

l ikes to watch

gr ipp ing th r i l l e rs

and f i lms with unpredictableplots

Susan's

favouri te kinds' : of f i lms are' romantic

comedres and

Steve loves

science-f ict ion

f i lms and

act ion f i lmsL l ^ ; - - ^ " ^ - +r r c r ) d v t c d L

admirer of specialeffects.

Karen l ikes to

, watch foreiqn! -

l r : : f i lms that have

:: important

themes Shegoes to the cine tr

makes her th ink .

John doesn't go

to the cinema

very often but

when he does,

histor ical s igni f icance Therefore,he real ly enjoys war f i lms.

This act ion-packed f i lm is guaranteed to keep you on the edge ofyour seat! Starr ing Samuel L Jackson. this is the story of a nightmarejourney over the Pacif ic with some deadly snakes You have to waitunt i l the very end to frnd out who is responsible and what happens tothe passengers Not for the faint-hearted, however

This classic mystery thr i l ler based on the story by Graham Greene isset in Vienna, Austr ia With i ts stunning cinematography, twist ingplot and unforgettable musical score this f i lm is a must Even f i f tyyears after i ts creat ion this f i lm st i l l guarantees a good night out.

Starr ing Uma Thurman and Luke Wilson, this heart-warming f i lm tel lsthe story of whai can go wrong when you date a superhero. At f i rstour beau th inks he has met the idea lwoman, bu t as i s qur te o f ten the

, ; + ^ + l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ; +case, qurre rne oppostte ts true.

This Spanish fllm is a well-crafted thriller based on the life of Mikel Lelaza,a secret agent who infiltrates the terrorist group ETA in the mid-7Os. Thisfascinating film promises action, drama and political intrigue and has muchto say about Spain's turbulent past. (ln Spanish with English subtitles.)

Want to learn what 's up with this beloved superhero? Then this f i lm isfor you! Packed with act ion and impressive special ef fects, Supermanonce more has to save the world from destruction But the question is- can he win back the love of his l i fe wrthout losino his oowers?

What happens when three teens discover that a scary monster l ives intheir neighbour 's house? Watch and f ind out l This animated f i lm is ful lof fun, adventure and comedy l t is sui table for the whole family

Based on the book by Alistair Maclean, The Guns of Navarone ts sttllrated as one of the best war f i lms ever made. Fi lmed on locat ion lnRhodes, i t was a major box-off ice hi t in 1961 and won an Oscar for i tsspecial ef fects Starr ing Gregory Peck, David Niven and Anthony

Quinn , th is f i lm is a c lass ic

tr

t5-ll '

watching fitms withThis fantasy thr i l ler tel ls the story of anwarns humani ty o f impend ing danger ,' the best f i lm of the year ' , this unique

wonderful story

unusual female creature who

A -eacl.v Derng advert ised as' ' - :=-: 's great act ing and a

roF" dramas. For her, itis important that f r lms starwell-known actors.

tr

Listening & SpeakingExpressing viewpoints

You will hear twosibl ings discussingwhat to buy theirfather for hisbirthday. Decide ifeach sentence istrue or false, and tick(/)the correct box.

1 Lucy wants to buy her dad something

different this year.

2 Their dad real ly loves eat ing popcorn.

3 A 'Skype' phone helps reduce your

phone b i l l .

They decide to get an iPod.

They are going to order the present

from a website.

Lucy's brother knows his way around

the Internet

Positive and negative recommendations

Use the phrases to f i l l in the gaps.

o I wouldn' t bother o l t 's excel lent r l t 's wel l worth a look. l t 's disappointrng o l t 's awful

1 A. What do you think of the new Madonna song?

B: I expected it to be better

2 A: What is the new shopping centre l ike?

B : l 've never been to a worse one

3 A: Have you been to the new youth club?

B: Yes. You must go!

A: I 'm thinking of going to that new video shop

B: i f I were you .

A: What is the computer programme, Google Earth, l ike?

B : A m a z i n g ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Asking about aproblem/offer ing help

Complete the dialogues with thephrases below. There are twophrases you can't use.

o What's wrongo What's the mattero What 's the problemr What 's happeningo Do you want me to have a

look at i to Sorry, I can' t helpo Perhaps. I can helpo Glad I cou ld he lp

1 A: Hi Sue. How are you?

B: I 'm f ine but I wish I could

say the same about my

mobi le phone.

A : W h y ? 1 ) . .

with i t?

I t hasn' t been working al l

0ay

That would be awful ly kind

of you

It looks l ike the battery is

flat You just need to

recharge i t

2 A . 3 )

rT

rE

tl

r A: 2)

B :

tltl

ET

rT

4

5

2

B :

B : I can' t

Internet.

wrong?

4)

R Vac n lo :<a dn

A: There, that 's done the tr ick.R ' V n r r ' r o : n o n i r r c l

connect to the

What am I doing

A: 5)

49

Writing (a letter to a friend reviewing sth)

Getting started

Read the rubric.This is part of a letter from your English pen-friend John.

f Have you ever been to a live music performance?E pl"ase write and tell me. l'd love to hear all about it.

What are you going to write about? Which of the following can you include in your letter? Circle.

r p l a c e / t i m e e p r i c e . c l o t h e s . n a m e s o f s o n g s . f o o d . p e r f o r m a n c e . f a n s . f e e l i n g s & - n " e s s i o n s

Let's look closer

2 a. Read the letter below and complete the paragraph plan withheadings below.. what you didn't l ike and why . singer/band you went to see. what you l iked and why . recommendation

How many of your ideas can you find in the letter?

the

Dear lohn,

& ffl How are you? It was great to get your letter. You asked me

if I had ever been to a live music perfonnance. Well, I actually went

to a pop conceft on Saturday - it was great!

k fr rtaryed the singer Alsou - maybe you've heard of her? The

tickets were t50 each but it was well wofth it!

@ fhere was a wonderful atmosphere - the cheeful fans shouted

enthusiastically as she came onto the stage. She looked fantasticthanks to the elaborate lighting and her trendy wardrobe. Her voice

sounded angelic. There was a vaied programme, with songs fromall of her albums and plenty of oppoftunity to dance and sing along!

@n Ho*"r"r, I was a little disappointed that the concert finished so

early. Even the people around me were complaining that the concetl

was too short for the price of the ticket.

@x Anyway, we still had a great evening and came away with the

best impression. If you ever get the chance to see Alsou in concert,

you should definitely go. Have you heard her new album? Wite

soon snd tell me what vou think of it.

Love,

Alex

b. Read the letter again. What did Alex like/dislike about the concert? What reasons/examples are givento support each viewpoint?

Replace the underlined adjectives and adverbs in the letter with the following.

e entertaining . fabulous . modern .wildly . complex . heavenly . upset . lares.

3

50

mttm

4 Read the extracts (1-4) below that reviewvarious events. Fi l l in the missing topicsentences (A-D), then suggest other suitableones of your own.

A The opening night of the Moscow State Circus inGlasgow was a huge success.

B The Farnborough Air Show was a big hit again thisyear.

C I was so impressed with the performance I went toon Friday.

D I have never been to anything so borrng in all my life!

1

The dancers were al l very talented and they gave100% to the performance l t was a fantast ic nlghtout - there was never a dul l moment. Theprogramme was wel l -arranged and wel l_

That new exhibi t ion had nothing to capture my

imaginat ion. I strongly disagree with the cr i t ic

who wrote, 'h ighly or iginal and entertaining' . Ithink the complete opposite is true!

5 The review/premiere said that it was one ofthe best productions of the year.

6 lt was such a predictable/superb performance

that she was given a standing ovat ion.7 Tom Hanks received praise for his role/actor rn

Forest Gump.

8 The rout ines and the oosit ionino of the

dancers on stage are the responsi l i l i ty of a

conductor/ choreog rapher.

Match items (1-6)to the nouns (a-fl.6famous / f r lm / televrsron a screen

l ive /s tudro /so lo b per fo rmance

b i g / s m a l l / s i l v e r c n o v e l

ch i ld ren 's / fan tasy / d f i lm

best-sel l ing e actor

choreographed. In my opinion, i t is def ini telyworth seeing

+rja*ini*itii;*ri{+tr$$*!.isll:.,.],:...,:..:.;i-:!:\::rr:e!:i'"ii''n!iiu:l+.,d.d:-{ts+l}:tit+fsjs

The

and

my

WAS

r ingmaster had an excel lent sense of humour

the crowd enjoyed the spectacular show ln

op in ion , the h igh l igh t o f the who le even ing

The spectacular sights and sounds of al l the

different planes kept the crowd captivated I

bel ieve i t is the best photo opportunity you could

wish for!r"?€@**q@sdtFr*$$".,-i!*s-*r!1*Fq'4'$a'"ii.'

r " '

5 Underline the correct word.

' l Shakespeare sometimes used plots/

programmes from ancient Greek plays

E v e n t h o u g h I d o n ' t u s u a l l y g o t o s e e

blockbusters/multiplex. I really loved Mlssion

lmpossible.

Tonight, bal ler ina Sylvie Gui l lem wrl l be

appearing/performing the role of Clara :r

The Nutcracker.

The success of a play comes down :o a ?colscr ipt / lyr ic and a good director

7

ETI horror / silent / feature

lanrurusr*xdFews

Background informationThe exhibi t ion/theatre opened in 1989The dance company/band formed in 200'1.The Air Show runs every second year and takesp l a c e i n . . . .

DescriptionsThe sound system was excel lent.The venue had great faci l i t iesThe lyrics were greaVpredictable.The l ight ing was superb/dreadful .The cast was superb/amazing/very talented

General comments/opinionDon ' t m iss i t !It 's well worth seeing/going toYou really must see/gollisten to it.

Your turn

Using the language above, write a letter to afriend reviewing something you attendedrecently. (e.9. art exhibition/the opening of anew venue or a concert.) (100-120 words). Usethe ideas below as well as your own.

. name/time/place of event o cost o what youliked about i t o what you didn't l ike about i t. i inal thoughts and recommendation

5 1

I n aday's work

Vocabulary PracticeJobs

What do these people do for a l iving? Look atthe pictures and underl ine the correct word.

ldentify the jobs from the descript ic:rs of whatthe oeoole do.

' - i ce'son f l ies aeroolanesi a . ^ \ , ^ , , r - ^ f + ^ * h i s n e r s n -

- ^ ^ . . e n a i r e d .- , L d \ c y U U l L d l L U L l l r r p - , r v - - - - - y u r r L U

- ^ i - ^ ^ . - ^ ^ + ^ 1 . ^ - - ^ - ^* - . , o f s i c k e - - ; .

T 'r is person works in an off ice . . ,c "g let ters,

arswering the phone and arra.9 - : i 'neet ings

Tnrs person w i l l he lp you ; r . : s : 'noney in

compantes

6 This person controls the move-:^:s of aircraft .

7 This person designs pages fo ' . - - ^ iernet.

8 You pay money to this persor - i srop or bank.

9 Th ls person he lps ch i ld rer a ' : ' anr r l ies who

have problems.

10 This person wi l l g ive you t ; : . r .=, -c your hotel

room

3 Complete the exchanges with verbs from thel ist.

a ra ( ta i n

1 A: So, are you go ng .c

for the job?

A: lan rs go ing to

B: Rea l ly? Why?

A: He 's found a De: : : ' - :? r : :

3 A

B :

l f fh is n ro ic . - <' ' _ ' r ' - l - - _ '

wi l l

Good luck !

' - , ' manager

me.

: - :x t month

B :

5 A :

5 art ist / photographer ,.r @,w--*+..,-..,r....2,.1

8 business manager / y

B : O h , n o

Fil l in the correct response from the l ist.

o ( n m o h n d v n n r i ' : r - .

o Let's cal l i t a dar. The way she 's gc ' :. She's been i,vo'< ' : . =" - -, ' : .^: : :ck

1 A: I can ' t wot

I treO

B : S o a m l

1 doctor / scientist

lawyer / architect

bus dr iver /

factory worker*:5-q-'=9=!-ej:,= . -:-,#= ",

I m very

A: l t 's midnight and Rrta is st i l l at the off ice.

B : What 's gorng on?

3 A: Did you hear what happened this morning?B: Let me guess

4 A: Did you see what Kate did this morning?B: Yes, I did , she' l l get f ired.

Complete the text with phrases from the list.You may have to change the form of the verbs.

. work overtime . be her own boss . work for 8

. a successful career . work from home. be employed . set up . self-employed

Sheila has 1) with a largecosmetics company where she 2) ............................... asa senior marketing manager for the past threeyears. Although she is quite satisfied with her job,

she sometimes feels that her work is notappreciated, especially when she has to3)................................. She is now thinking of4)................................. her own business so that she

. Sheila thinks that she wouldcan 5)be happier 6)................................., even though sheaccepts that people who are 7)................................. areless secure than those who 8) alarge company.

6 Choose the best word to complete the jobadverts.

We have a 1) vacancy/space for a young, dynamicand hard-working 2) studenVgraduate to lead ourgrowing sales force in the London area. As leader youwill be responsible for 3) team/group development and4) education/training and you will 5) reply/reportdirectly to the company Sales Director.

Are you willing to work 6) changes/shifts? Do you enjoy

the 7) happiness/satisfaction of solving challenging

8) problems/questions without 9) control/supervision?

Are you 10) practical/handy? Do you have a 11) clean/

tidy driver's licence? lf you can answer 'yes' to these

ouestions. then we would like to hear from your+t''4^'F?'6"''!N"<"'--

WE WANT YOUWith over 300 stores notionwide Book World is nowfirmly estoblished os the No,1 bookshop in the UK. i fyou ore l2) slimuloled/mofivoted, cornm,-eC.l3) ombilious/rulhless ond enjoy succeedino in :^exciting fost-poced work l4) locolion/environmenlwe wont you! No previous 15) ski l l /experience

. requrreo.

Cross the odd one out as in the example.

1 salary, wages,M, pay

2 earn , ga in , w in , fa i l

3 experience, job, career. profession

4 under-paid. well-paid, poorly paid, ovenrrorked

5 boring, creat ive, uninterest ing, repetrt ive

6 business, universi ty, industry, company

Phrasal verbs

Fill in: carry, go, put, fall, look.

1 A : Can you p lease . . . . . . . me

through to Mrs Lucas?R l r r < t : m i n r r t a n l g ; 5 g .

2 A'. I can' t remember what t ime my meettng is

tomorrow.

B: Why don't you . through

your notes?

3 A: Mike, i f you this

project through l ' l l promote you to head of

the department

B: l ' l l do my best, s ir .

4 A: Why are you so upset? Things can' t be

that bad at work

B: You say that because you don't know

what I have to . through

every day

5 A: He's afraid that his plans to start

business wrl l

hrs own

through

B: lt 's natural for him to feel this way.

Word Formation

Complete the sentences with the correct wordderived from the words in bold.

1 The pol i t ic ian gave a very

version of events DISTORT

He admitted that the government had made

some very mistakes REGRET

The pr ime minister promised to be more

. to complaints in the

futu re. RESPOND

She thanked her husband for his

support at a very di f f icul t t ime. CARE

The minister resigned because his posit ion

was no lonqer DEFEND

7

9

53

Grammar in UseCondit ionals

Replace rf with yyhen where possible.

1 .. . . . . . l f this doesn't work, he' l l be in trouble2 .. . I f he is in a bad mood. i t is better to

stay away.lf you don't have time today, you can

finish the report tomorrow

lf l 'm t i red, I can' t concentrate at al l .

l f Jason asks for a raise, he' l l get i t for

SU TC

Match the phrases 1-8 to phrases a-h to makefull sentences.

l f John had got up ten minutes later,

Unless Yvonne passes her French exams,

l f Paul found a better-paid job.

l f Mr Black cal ls,

Unless Kate f in ishes the let ters hv 5nm

lf you see Frank,

l f Bob hadn't been so nervous,

l f Jane's col leagues were more fr iendly,

she' l l have to do some overt ime

he would have done better at the interview.they could hang out together outside the

office

he would resign on the spot.

he would have missed the bus. 4

ask him about any vacancies in the company

she won't get into universi ty

te l l h im I 'm ou t fo r lunch.

Why are these f lowers on ra-e s desk?

It 's her bir thday

O h n o l f | . . . . .

4 A :

B :

A :

5 4 .

B :

6 A :

B :

What 's wrong?

l 'm runn ing la te . l f I(not/get) there on

I

I tme , : i e mee t |ng

(start) r, ' , :rout me.

. . ( remember),

(buy) her a present, too.

4

5

A: This is a beaut i ful neighbourhood

B: I agree. l f | ( f ind) a f lat for

r e n t h e r e , 1 . . . . . . . . . . ( m o v e )

in r ight away

2Whv is Peter so stressed out?" " " t ' "

He has a meeting with the market ing

manager. Whenever they( m e e t ) , t h e y . . . . . . . . . . . . ( e n d ) u p

hav ing an argumentmETtmtE]rum

d

b

c

d

e

f

Ih

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenseto complete the exchanges.

1 A: Do you think I should apply for this job?

B : | f 1 . . . . . ( b e ) y o u , 1 . . . . .(apply) right away.

7 A: Unless Liam (show)

up in the next f ive minutes, Mr Johnson(fire) him

B: Oh, no ls he la te aga in?

8 A: You haven't sard a word al l morning

B: I 'm very busy with this report You know, I

. . ( f in ish) i t faster i fy o u . . . . . . . . . . ( h e l p ) m e .

A: No problem.

Wishes

Read what the man says and make sentencesas in the example.

I don' t have t ime to meet Jack todayIwish/lf only I had time to neet .Jock today.

I can' t take any days off work this

WCCK

3 | lost my passport.

4 | didn' t fol low your advice

l 'm vo rv c t rAq (od ^ r t" " ' " ' )

don' t know how to

relax.

I didn' t know Mary was in

town

2 A 'B :

Congratulatronson your promotion

Thank you ! l f I(get) the job, I

company.

54

(leave) the

7 I don' t have any frrends 4 She is going to write a cover letter She can

send it with her CV (to)

8 | ate too much I feel s ick

Read the letter and complete the exchangesusing the verbs in their correct tense.

Dear Steve,I 'm sorrg obout the other dag. l wish I

1 ) . . . . . . . . . (be) here to see gou. f on tgtou2) ( tel [ ) me that gou were:omlng earLter, l3) . . . . . . . . . . . (change) mgschedutel

The reason whg I wosn't here is because I decLded:o go to a conJerence. lt was held in the mostamazLng p l "ace ! | w ish you 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (see)i.tl I don't mean that it was excetlentbecause inJoct; t wos the oppositel Nothing seemed to workoroperl.g and the speokers were terrtbl.e. I wish I5) . . . . . . . . . . (hear) oJ the event. l t was o ,

comptete woste oJtime ond moneu. Angwag,l ,6 ) . . . . . . . . . . . ( te [ t ) gou a t tobout i t the nex t '

LLme | 7) . . . . . . (see) gou.Which reminds me, when do you think gou wit[ be ,,

Ln town again? f I 8) . . . . . . . . . (be) gou, I ,9) . . . . . . . . . . . (wri te) adate in gour diory now. , ,

5 She wants to f ind a morning job She wants

to have more t ime to soend with her chi ldren.(in order to)

She has bought a new suit. She wants to make

a good impression at interviews. (so as to)

Sentence transformations

Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 Cel ia is upset because she

at the advert is ing agency.

didn' t get the job

Cel ia wishes

the job at the advert is ing agency.

She is saving money because she wants to

attend a seminar

She is saving money

. a t tend a seminar

l f she doesn't at tend this seminar, she won't

be considered for the job.

She won't be consrdered for the job .

. . . not at tend this seminar

She can't move out because she can't afford

to pay rent.

lf she could afford to pay rent,

out.

She didn' t take her brother 's advice so she

didn' t f ind a job in London

lf she had taken her brother 's advice, she . . . . .. ; ^ h i ^ | ^ ^ , 1 ^ ^

. . . . . o J v u i l r L w r r u v r r

7

f gou 10) . . . . . . . . . . (send) me thelnJormotion bg ematl., then I promise I11) . . . . . . . . . . . (be) h .e re , ond no t runn lngto sittg conJerences!A[[ the best,Chris

"JJ i.

6

Clauses of purpose

Join the pairs of sentences using the words inbrackets, as in the example.

1 Faye wants to f ind another job She wants to

have a bigger salary. ( in order to)

{:aye wants ta finrJ anathe{ jab in arder to have a

bigger salary.

2 She arranged to see her manager. She wanted

to ask for a pay increase. (with a view to)

She is updat ing her CV. She can use i t to apply

for a new job. (so that)

Reading

a . Thepeop le (1 -4 )a rea l l l ook ing fo rnew jobs ,Read the i rdesc r ip t i onsandunder l i ne thekey l vo rds .

Geoff has always liked makingthings to entertain his chi ldren.Since losing his job as a teacherhe has been looking for a way toturn his hobby into a career.

A life of adventure awaits you in Alaska. Explore Alaska Ltd islooking for guides to lead small groups of tourists throughthe Alaskan wilderness and to promote conservation in thearea, No previous experience is required as on-the-jobtraining wil l be provided. Apply in writ ing to Will iam Seward,Explore Alaska Ltd, 3 Primrose St, Ketchikan, Alaska, AK99950-3365

Michael has had several well payedjobs. Now, he would l ike to use hispsychology degree in a job that hecan improve people's l ives.

Cards Writer - Comic Cards Ltd

Can you say it with style? Comic Carcs Ltd wantswr i ters wi th wi ld and wl t ty imaci"a: ors Salar iesare good for those who can ccre Jr , ' ; i .h catchyl ines and lots of laughs Ei - ra ' - : -^ Keats atwww.comiccards.co.uk

Caregiver - Spring Lake Retreat

Do you have the qual i t ies tc ^e: :3 l t : , ' , i ih menrali l lness lead rich and re,, ', ia.crg ,::t Srrng LakeRetreat has an excellent s-.:3ss .:_: - ::aling withmental i l lness and we are ca/ -: ' :. : i-:! rers whocan approach those in nsec , ', :- ' :s3::. Fcr funnerinformation call Florence c: ---3- a2- t?a

Toy Designer - Lullabr Tor-s Plc

Want to br ing a l i t t ie ' : 39: - : : - . : -^J ,es? Lul laby

Toys Plc is looking i.at ,^ - 'J -?: ,= -1., :esigner toexpand our range c : : - : - . : - : * : : - , : 'c r ch i ldrenunder 7 years of age

-^ : := 'a :2^: :a: : s iould have

experence ln toy 3es J- =^ l : :as: : - ' : : educat ionTel Joy Fischer cn ,i28-: -r: j3-

b. Read the job advertisements (A-F) and decide which job would be the most suitable for each person.There are two you don't need.

Tour Guide - Explore Alaska Ltd! l

Animal PsychologistDunstabli: Zoo Flct : , '

a . :

| t ,2,

Can you deal with animal anxieties? Dunstable Zoo Plc islooking for a trained animal psychologist to work with ourcollection of wild and exotic animals ldeal candidatesshould have a degree in veterinary medicine and abackground in psychology. Application forms are availablefrom Human Resources Dept, DunstableZoo, Bedfordshire,LU6 1 NF

Film Extra - Talent Inc

Want to be in the movies? Talent Inc is looking for people totake part in a Hollywood fi lm that is being shot here in London,The work requires a great deal of waiting around. Althoughthere can be no guarantee that you will appear in the final film,you may see yourself next to a major star. For moreinformation, call Sandv on 01292 364 807.

5

Susan first noticed her flair forwriting when she won a creativewriting competition at school.Howeve6 her career as a poet is notgoing very well and she must find anew job to pay the bills.

Brooke is currently working in anoff ice for a publ ishing company,but she dreams of a less ordinarylife. She wants to explore newplaces and help protect theenvironment.

Listening & SpeakingNature Photography

You wil l hear a man talking to a group ofpeople about a nature photography course.For each question, f i l l in the missinginformation in the numbered soace.

L{- iii L:-L*' ' I

i t ! r I r r l ' 1 r .i r J l i r i j I :\ - t . . L I * . _ I - L

. L-- t*-

ti * Ll ]- *: L:s,

Length of course:

Course focus:

Course avai lable:

Suitable for:

Equipment: P : r t i r i n : n f < r r < o

4) . . equipment

where sui table

The fee of f 5) . . . .

includes tui t ion, t ransport and

equipment hire Part ic ipants must

make their own arrangements for

6) . . .

Agreeing/Disagreeing with opinionsCircle the correct response.

1 A: I think that being a diving instructor is fun,

don't you?

B : a I h o p e s o

lo Not really

Getting a job

3 Complete the conversation using the phrasesin the I ist below. There is one phrase you don'tneed to use.

2 A .

B :

3 A :

B :

4 A :

B :

Don't you think that Ann is a very good

doctor?

a Yes, why not?

b Certainly.

Don't you agree that working shi f ts can

be very t i r ing?

a That 's r ight.

b Good for you.

I think that a travel agent should be good

at foreign languages, don' t you?

a I bel ieve so

b Smar t th ink ing

HiThomasl How did the interview qo?

1) weeks

Photographing wi ld plants and

flowers

From the beg inn ing o f

2) to the end of

September

Amateurs and professionals over

5 A: Don't you think that working with

chi ldren can be rewarding?

B: a Yes, not bad

b Yes, of course.

the age of 3) .. . . . . Well, just a T-shirt real ly with the cafe's logo. Only one waitresso got the job. Not reallyo From 4pm to 9pm every day except Tuesdays. €350 plus t ips

A:

B :

A:

I 1 )

WCCK

Congno tTv - ' '

2 ) . . .

| | start next

ratulat ions. How muchmoney wi l l you*R

B :

A:

B :

A:

B :

I t 's not bad.

Not bad at al l . And how many hours wi l l you

be working?

3 ) . .

Great l Do you have to wear a uniform?

4) lt 's red and

WNI IC

A' D id vnr r mcpf .anv o f the neon le vor r ' l l be

working with?

B: 5) She seemedquite fr iendly

A: Wel l , then, good luck!

B: Thanks !

2

57

i !

ti!

Writing (a letter of application)

Getting started

Read the rubric and underl ine the key words.Then, answer the questions that follow.

1 You have come across the following job adi\.tg in the local newspaper and you want to

' upply for the job. Write your letter of" appl icat ion.

Do you want to get out and see the world? Areinterested in photography?lf yes, then you could work on a cruise ship! We arelooking for a photographer who's always around totake memorable photos of our passengers as well asdevelop and sell the pictures. All equipment isprovided by the cruise line.lf interested, contact Mr Elliot on 0898-786756 or viaemail at L . 11..r,. 'q ;!., 1, r1 ,., i"i dhd we will arranqe ajob interview. Portfolio necessary.

1234

What kind of letter do you have to write?Who is going to read your let ter?Should the style be formal or informal?Tick ( / ) in the l ist of points below what yotshould include in your let ter:. your favourite subjects at school. your qual i f icat ions . .. any prevrous expe|encer a descr ipt ion of your appearance. your personal qual i t ies. your plans for the summerWhat do you think the successful candidateshou ld be l i ke?

ab

def

energet ic and sociablecan dr ive a cartaken a course in photograorl igood organiserspeak Engl ish and Germanworked as a photographerfor the school newspaperworked as a shop assistant

Let's look closer

2 Read application letters A & B and write theparagraph number next to the headings in theIist below.

. opening remarks/reason(s) for writing

. closing remarks

. age/qualifications/experience

. other information

. personal quali t ies

Dear Manager,bu

[P Hi! l 've decided to drop you a l ine about the job

you advert ised in this week's onl ine edit ion of NYMagazine for Teens.

S* t am a 2O-year-old student and l'm quite gooo attaking pictures. Two years ago I took a one-year-course in photography and l've r,', 'orked as aphotographer for our college newspaper. l 've workedpart-time as a shop assistant at a photo studio, too. Iwant to study photography at UEL and some day l'msure l' l l work as a professional photographer forNat ional Geographic. My Engl ish and German aren' tbad either.F--

fp l haven't worked professionally before but l 'msure l 'd be good at the job. I am ,. ,er/ f r iendly andoutgo ing l love t rave l l ing anc i see ing d i f fe ren tplaces Also. I can provide a refererce reiter in whichmy previous employer says l ' rn a good ohoiographerand that you can count on me. .aF show you mywork any t ime you wani.

p' I won't be doing anything in July and August.We have our holidays then so I can work wheneveryou want.

@ Vo, can get in touch uritn rrie or 08657345 orat lhirsch@yahoo.com. Let rne <qow soonl

Al l the best.

/'**o*

you ;

a a rt rsticb fr iendlyc caf lng

d adventurouse sociablef sporty

For this job someone would need experiencet n :a mode l l ing b taking picturesc working with young chi ldrenWhat qual i f icat ions would someone need inorder to be consrdered for this iob?

58Laura Hirsch

':*ltri:*\iirit!i;l!iltr'+!it!i;tjiii:ti;1.i r!.!.. . i

)ear Mr E l l io t ,p t am wri t ing to apply for the posit ion ofphotographer which was advert ised in this week's

onl ine edit ion of NY Magazine for Teens.p t am 2O-year-old student Two years ago I took

a one-year-course in photography and I have,,vorked as a photographer for our collegenewspaper I have also worked part- t ime as a shopassistant at a photo studio in my neighbourhood l t

is my ambit ion to study photography at UEL andsome day to work as a professional photographer

ior such prest igious magazines as Nat ional

Geographic.p Despite my lack of formal work experience, Ifee l tha t lam qu i te su i tab le fo r the pos i t ion . lamvery fr iendly and sociable and I love travel l ing and

seeing different places. What is more, I am very

f luent in both Engl ish and German. I can provide areference letter from my previous employer in which

i am described as hard-working, ef f ic ient and aphotographer with great potent ial . My port fol io is

avai lable at your requestp Since the school hol idays rnclude the months of

July and August, I wi l l have no other commitmentsand I would be avai lable to work the whole two

montns

$ t may be contacted by telephone on 08657345

or via emai l at lh irsch@yahoo com I look forward to

receiving a reply in due course

b. Find and underl ine examples of thesefeatures in the letters.

Look at the highlighted sentences/phrases inletter A and underl ine the correspondingappropriate sentences/phrases in letter B.

Your turn

a. Read the rubric, then, answer the questionthat follows.

You have come across the following job ad inthe local newspaper and you want to apply forthe job. Write your letter of application.

f )n r rnr r ' lnrro tn chnn? P:v : t tont inn tn

details? Why don't you get started as a

Mystery Shopper? Visit different businesses,pose as a customer, evaluate the service and

complete an evaluat ion form Get paid to

shop at stores, eat at restaurants, watch

movies and more!

No experience is necessary

App ly on l ine a t

1 What ski l ls/qual i f icat ions do you think wouldhelp you get the job? Circle^ t ^ , , ^ - l ^ ̂ ^ ^ ; ^ ^o r u v c ) r r u P P r i l 9

b have worked as a shop assistantc be fr iendlyd have worked as a waiter/waitresse be f luent in foreign languagesf be a good organiserg be artistich be sportyi can dr ive a car

b. How are you going to begin and end yourletter?

4

i i:li::.- i:lii:ir i i,.1:, -i}iii1F'

{##w#;E#;&ttrr

a .3

Yours sincerelv.

/'a'*o* 'K""1'"/"

Laura Hirsch

123456789

Compare the two letters. Which one uses anappropriate formal style suitable for a letterof application? Mark the features in the l istbelow as A or 8.

OASSIVC VOICC

a fr iendly. personal toneeveryday vocabularyformal I inking words/phrasesphrasal verbs or idiomslong and complex sentencesadvanced vocabulary 5col loquial expressionsa pol i te, impersonal tone

B Dear Mystery shopper,Yours.

NoW write your letter of application. Useletter B from Ex. 2 as a model.

A Dear Sir /Madam,Yours faithfully,

C Dear,Ynr rrc <in.arol \ /

| ! ! | ! | / ,

59

;.. SELF DEFENCE ADVICE FROM THE EXPERTS

lf you are being 1) affaeked and cannot runaway, the best thing to do is to use2l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Karate is the3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in such s i tuat ions. A goookarate instructor will teach you how to escape anat tacker 's 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . or how to5 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o r6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . h im. Karateis not only about performing7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l t is a lsoabout using your brain andcommon 8 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Linda Grant,

The important thing is to avoid a(n)9) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . attack before i t happens.The best way to do that is to use your10) . . . . . . . . . . Avoid walk ing homea l o n e 1 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a n dcarry a mobile with you at alltimes. Don't put yourselves .:i n 1 2 ) . . . . . . . . . Idangerous situations. ?i

Ci'ver Hook,

fv lcs: :eople manage to 13)frc ' r :argerous si tuat ions, others f indthe ' : se , , res ser ious ly 14) . . . . . .The rconant thing is not to make yourself a(n)15) . . . . . . . . . . Attackerslook fo r 16) . . . . . . . . . . . .people. Avoid being the1 7 ) . . . . . . . . .Protect yourself and becareful at al l t imes.

Match the words in Column A to the words inColumn B. Then use the phrases to completethe sentences.

self

mrnor

armed

crrme

wel l

f ight

0reaKn roq<

a

b

c

u

e

f

g

n

L t l E t o v v

OACK

offence

L r r d r 9 c )

robberyscenei i t

defence

1 A: D id Mrs Barker . . . . . aga ins tthe burg la r?

B: No, in the end she dec ce : aga ins t i t .

A: What happened to r l : :^"E: :eenagers?R ' Thov rn r c r c f n r rnd n , 1 , 3=

A: Do you th ink darce ' r - ; r ' , -g shou ld bet rea ted as a(nr . . . . . ?

B A h s n l r t t e l v n o ' - ( : , : - , S : . 3 - S m a t t e r

rTttzTtFlrFTII-s-f_lreTtFTItrl-l

Stayi ngSafe

Vocabulary PracticeSelf-Defence

Fill in the gaps with the correct word/phrase.

. potential . disable . vulnerable . brains

. best defen6g . physical force . threatenedo fancy moves . victim . sense o attackedo late at night . target o potential ly o grasp

z. drstract . walk away

n . n ; , - tn . , r u y w u i l t o t t d ! c

B: No, unfortura:e

al lowed at rre

A \ A / h : t h : n n c - r I - = '" " H Y - -

R ' T h o r r r r < i r :

: : : - : - : : - = : : : h e V i C t i m ?

6 A

B :

7 A

B :

: : i c e u n d e r 1 8

- , : - e c o u r t .

)'=! : ' : . You should

- : - - : o n e a t n i g h t ?

, - ' : - a Y l n

8 A :

B :

Do you see Karen often?Yes, I see her twice a week at the

. . . . . c lass

Underl ine the correct word, then f i l l in thecorrect preposition.

1 He was due to appear courVprisonlast Monday.

2 The robbers were taken to the oolice station. ... handcuffs/custody.

3 She was sentenced/convicted . . . . . . . . . . fouryears in pr ison for the accident she caused.

4 The pickpockets were immedrately put/placed

. arrest.5 Everyone was surprised when Mrs Bowler was

sentenced/charged . . . . . . . shopl i f t ing.6 They have been accused/ordered . ...... . . . .

theft twice

7 The c r im ina ls were brouqht . . . . . . . . rnejudge/jury

8 She was attacked/armed . .. . . threeteenage boys

9 Three cr iminals escaped/abandoned . . .prison yesterday

10 They got away/ran away11 She was found/said gui l ty

k idnapp ing

12 The burglars broke/entered

f lat at three in the morning

murder.

. . . the

5 €ircle the correct word.

1 George asked Miriam for a lift/drive home2 Learning how to defend yourself wi l l help you

ar.,oid a potential/vulnerable attack3 She made herself a targevvictim for the thieves.4 Chi ldren and the elderly are unable/disable to

protect themselves against cr iminals.5 Her friend hurVharmed Sue's feelings.6 These things do not happen in real/ t rue l i fe7 He asked to be left alone/lonely8 The thief t r ied to grab/remove her bag as she

was walking down the street9 The judges faced/met a difficuit situation at

the tr ia l

10 Thankful ly she ranl jumped away from them u ggers un harmed/harmless.

11 l t is important to be aware/conscious of your

surroundings when you are on your own.12 Paul managed to escape hrs attacker 's grasp/

snatch.

13 They were lying on the floor totally defenceless/threatened

14 He attempted/broke to escape from prison15 Many offenders/barristers manage to avoid

sentenc tng .

ld ioms

Fill in: wrisf, red, record,take.

1 Can you . downthe vict im's detai ls olease?C : n | < n o : L n f f t h o

His sentence was a slap on theShe was caught . . . . . . . . . . . -handedas she was robbing a store.

Phrasal verbs

Join the phrases to make complete sentences.

6

2

3

4

4 Cross the odd word out.

1 pickpocket, burglar. witness, mugger2 police officer; offender, security guard, detec-ti're3 barr ister, shopl i f ter, judge, juror

4 kidnapper, robber. v ict im, thief5 vulnerable, weak. strong, defenceless

fTl High prices and bad service have driven

PTI Many children run

F-t_-] The burglars managed to get

i4T_-] The woman was crying because theywere taking

a away without being not iced by anyoneb her dog away from herc away from home each yeard away many customers.

6 1

Grammar in UseThe passive

Fill in with the correct passive tense of theverbs in brackets.

6 \tVill Mrs Edwards mark the tesrs?

Fill in the gaps with by or with.

1 The Sistine Chapel was painted cr,Mjchelangelo2 A new law has been passed the

government

3 The salad was made . . . . . . . . vegetablesfrom our garden.

Kelly's bedroom walls are coveredposters of U2The cake was f i l ledano cream.

Pride and Prejudice was written . .. . .. Jane Austen in 1813

Our ho l iday had been spo i l t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thebad weather

8 The package was t ied up .

Change into the passive.

3

1 A :

B :

4 A :

B :

5 A :

B :

What an amazing story!

B :

3 A :B :

I t i < n r o : t i c n ' f i t ? l t

(write) by Agatha Christie

2 A: When(The Lord ofthe Ringslrelease)?

In 2001 .

ls this neighbourhood safe?Not real ly. In fact, I hear that people . . . . . .

. . . . . (at tack) al l the t ime

Have they instal led an alarm system yet?

No, the f i re alarm(install) tomorrow but four security lightsandtwolocks . . . (a l ready/ f i t ) .

What h

T h e y . .

appened to the burglars?(catch)

6 A :

B :

7 4 .

B :

8 A :

B :

9 A :

B :

by the pol ice as they were coming out ofthe bank .

D id you hear tha t the h igh s t ree t . . . . . . . . . . . ... (close) tomorrow?

Nol How am I going to get to work?

Has the university contacted you about yourgrades?

No. | . . . . . . . ( tel l ) that the grades(send) to us by mai l

What happened to Lisa?

She . . . . . (mug) on herway to the train stat ion.

Did you buy the special ant i -graff i t i paint

for your wal ls?

Yes, we did In fact, it .. . .(apply) by the painters as we speak.

A thief stole an important paint ing from theNational Gallery yesterday. The gallery's security guardreported the robbery to the pol ice at 7pm last night.The pol ice have arrested a man who they arequest ioning at the moment The pol ice think he is theman responsible but they haven't found any proof asyet The police gave no more inforrnation They saidthey wi l l carry out a ful l invest igat ion. Gal lery staff saidthe gal lery wi l l not open to the pubi ic this week

5 What do the newspaper headl ines mean?Rewrite them into full sentences usinq thecorrect passive tense.

;' , ' i:, ' '.HEALTH MtNtsrER To opEH HEw :

tq

t

strawberries

srflng

4

2 Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

1 Where do they teach self-defence courses?Where are self-c{efente (aurses taught?

2 Who broke the window?

3 When will vou deliver the flowers?

4 Have they cal led you about the job?

ftfruEff#fi,%T, ,STOTF.N PICASSO:PAINTINGS FOUND

'' Maior strike to be otganised

. .

. ATHLETE SERTOUSLYINJURED AT THE WEEKEND

62

5 Did the mechanic f ix the car?

6

Causative form

Use the causative formto rewrite the sentences.

1 The dent ist wi l l look at his teeth.

t-le vtill have hls ree rh looked at (by the dentist).2 The plumber is f ix ing the taps in my f lat

3 The mechanic has reoaired her motorbike.

4 An art ist is paint ing a portrai t of Susan

A technician wi l l connect our new telephone

l ine today.

6 Someone delivers Leo's newspapers every day

7 The suroeon ooerated on Nick's arm

Write sentences using the causativeform.

1 The hairdresser is cutt ing Melanie's hair . What

is Melanie doing? Melanie is havrng her hcir cut.2 The painters wi l l paint the Matthews' house.

What wi l l the Matthews do?

The dent ist is c leaning John's teeth. What rs

John do ing?

A thief stole Lea's bag yesterday whi le she

was si t t ing at a caf6. What happened to Lea?

A nai l art ist had oainted Jane's nai ls for the

weddinq What had Jane done?

Clauses of result

Fill in the gaps with so or such.

1 He found . . . much useful rnformation on

the Internet that he' l l f in ish the essay in no

ilme

2 She was running . . . . . fast that she tr ipped

over a rocK

3 She has bad grades that i t wi l l be

dif f icul t for her to get a place at universi ty.

4 H is behav iour was . . . . . . . . . . i r respons ib le tha t

the headmaster expel led him

5 She was . . . . . : upset with the test results

that she broke down crying.

9 Join the sentences using the l inkers inbrackets.

1 Mary has had her f lat broken into three t imes.

She wi l l have an alarm system instal led. ( for

this reason)

Sunbathing can be

important to wear(therefore)

very dangerous. l t is

high-factor sunscreen.

There are many drawbacks to this business plan

We are thinking of coming up with a new one(consequently)

7Ben doesn't have

buy any insurance

a lot of money. He cannot(as a result)

8

Every/each/eithe r/neith er

1 0 Fill in: every, each, either or neither.

1 You can . . . . . . . . . . . cal l or e-mai l me - whatever is

easier for you

2 ..... .. student has been given a safety leaflet.

3 . . . . . . . . o f u s f e l t l i k e g o i n g t o t h e c i n e m a

We were too tired.

4 . . . . . . . one o f h is ch i ld ren has go t a Ph.D.

Sentence transformations

11 Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 A thief has stolen Sally's jewellery.

S a l l y h a s h a d . . . . . . . . . . . .

by a thief

Sally insured her flat yesterday.

Sal ly had

.. . . . . . yesterday,

The alarm system keeps thieves away.

Thieves

by the alarm system.Two technicians installed the security windows

The security windows

by two technicians.

63

34

ReadingRead the text about problems between teenagers and thelr panents and decide if each sentence is f (true)or F (false).

1

2

Teenagers don't feel that l iv ing with their parents is hard,, ' ,c"<

The most common arguments between parents and teens a.e accir unt idinessand household chores.

Teenagers get very angry when parents refuse to help therr ,', :F rie housework

A survey by St George University showed that there are rnaili aoor-oaches toteen-parent problems

Yel l ing at teens and clearrng up after them rs part icular ly successful .

Letting teens experience the consequences of their actioi-ls :s not a very

successful method

Communication between parents and teens is very important according to

5

6

n<r r rhn lnn iq t<

8 Parents should l isten to what therr chi ldren have to say

9 Telling teens off because their room is untidy is totally unnecessary

10 Understanding that teens' rooms are their own pr ivate space is quite

rmoortant.

arents complain that it is difficult to live wrth teenagers

Then again teenagers say exactly the same thing abouttheir parents! According to a recent survey, the mosi commonarguments between parents and teenagers are those regardinguntidiness and household chores. On the one hand, parents go ;;lt::l:ii::i:mad over untidy rooms, clothes dropped on the floor and their

r.|' 'a,:::r:'r

chi ldren's refusal to help with the housework. On the other hand,teenagers lose their patience continually when parents tell them off fordropping the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the sropping at thesuoermarket.

Y h" survey, conducted by St George University, showed that different parents have o:re:err approaches

€ to these problems. However, some approaches are much more successful than oirers For example,those parents who yell at their teens for their untidiness, but later clear up after them. nar,,e'e,', 'er chances ofchanging their teens' behaviour. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience :-: :3isequences oftheir actions are more successful. For instance, when teenagers who don't helo :.e' carenis with theshopping don't find their favourite food in the fridge, they are forced to reconsider ihe r a:: :rs"

g*1 sychologists say that the most important thing in parent-teen relationships is c:----,:airon Parentsl l should talk to their teens but at the same t ime they should l isten to what:he_, -a,: : t say. Parentsshould tell their teens off when they are untidy but they should also undersiand ira. :-: ' -J.i: is their ownprivate space. Communication is a two-way process. lt is only by listening to anci u-r:':-a-l -g each other,that problems between parents and teens can be solved.

64

3

4

5

Listening & SpeakingSafety tips

You wil l hear apresenteL on auniversity radiostation, talkingabout safety ,;tips forstudents. Decideif each sentenceis correct orincorrect. lf it iscorrect, t ick (/)YES. l fit is incorrect, tick (/) NO.

lf you share a flat with others, there are times

when you can leave the windows open

People might fol low you into the hal ls of

residence

Always lock your bedroom doorNever take a taxi on your own after a night out.

I t is not a good idea to use cash-machines at

n rgnr .

6 Marking your property doesn't make a E ;1difference if it is stolen

Expressing annoyance/Calming someone down

Circle the correct response.

1 A: lam sick and t i red of the traf f ic on the roadsl

B : a Ca lm down!

b Take rt down

2 A. I won't tolerate the neighbour 's noise anymoreB: a Take i t easy We' l l cal l the pol ice.

b l t i sn ' t enough.

3 A :

B :

4 A .

B .

5 A :

B :

6 A :

B :

YES

rr

l 'm absolutely fur ious about her playing music so late!

a Let your hair down,

b Keep your hair on !

l 've had i t with his bad dr iv ingl

a That 's a bad idea.

b Don't get so worked up !

I 'm fed up with her bad att i tudel

a Relaxl

b Look out l

l 've had enough of their s i l ly ideas

a Simmer down They're only try ing to helc

b I guess so

Warning others

3 Fi l l in the gaps in the dialoguewith the phrases below.

. rf I were you o it's a bad idea too Don't do that o That's true. I suppose you're right

Paul : Br ian , 1 ) . . . . . . . . .1 wou ld

turn down the music lt 's too

loud.

Brian: But we're having a party. aren't

we?

Pau l : Wel l , 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . keep your

neighbours awake just becauseyou feel like having a party.

B r i a n : Y e s , 3 ) . . . . . . .

Paul: So aren' t you going to turn down

the music?

Brian: Wel l , I th ink we should wait

unt i l a l l the guests leave. We

don't want to spoi l the fun.

Paul: 4) Br ian. We' l l get

in trouble! The neighbours might

ca l l the po l i ce .

Br ian : 5 ) I ' l l t u r n

it down straight away." -' a 1, -t+ar'*' -?*.'-.,..

+'f'4"4 -'+"'e=+44

Word Formation

4 Complete the sentences with thecorrect derivative.

1 The . . got intothe house through an openwindow BURGLE

2 He is in pr ison for armed

3 The

ROB

demanded

KIDNAPf 100.000

A . . . b r o k e i n t o

my cal but he didn't steal

anything. THEFT

Every year

costs department stores

mi l l ions o f pounds in los t

NO

TTTnr

rrI]

tncome. SHOPLIFT

65

2

Writing (an essay providing solutions to problems)

Let's get started

Read the rubric. Can you suggest any solutions to the problem?

A teen magazine is asking its readers to write in with theirsuggestions on how to surf the Internet safely.

Let"s look closer

a. Read the art icle and complete the paragraph plan withthe headings below. Have any of your suggestions beenincluded in the art icle?

o solutions/suggestions & possible results. what the problem is . summarise opinion

Wp Most teens use a computer nowadays. The Internet allowsthem to chat with friends, find help with homework, do research andfind out the latest news. However, the Internet can also bedangerous if it is not used carefully.

@ To begin with, users should think carefully when they create ane-mail address or username. They should make sure it doesn'tidentify their age or gender in any way. This way someone cannotuse it to track them down. Also, users should never give outpersonal information online. By making sure they stay anonymous,they stop others from sending spam* and from using thisinformation to cause harm.

W Anotfrer way to stay safe when using the Internet is to keeponline friendships online. In cyberspace, it is easy for people topretend to be something they are not. Keeping friendships onlineavoids unnecessary danger.

ffiw" Finally, it would be a good idea to only use websites that areclassed as child{riendly. ln this way, users will be protected fromi nappropriate material.

]$$w. Overall, there are a number of ways to make sure teens aresafe while they surf. lf they were put into practice, I believe youngpeople could be kept out of harm's way when they are online.*unwanted e-mails sent to you, usually adverlising a product or service

Which words has the writer used to introduce his suggestions and their nes., is"

Read the art icle again and underl ine the topic sentences in the main body par; i .a; 's Can yousuggest alternative ones?

b.

66

3

Essays providing solutions to problems are pieces ofwriting in which you discuss a problem and its causesas well as the expected results or consequences ofyour suggestions An essay providing solutions toproblems should consist of:a) an introduction in which you state the problem

and/or what has caused it;b) a main body which consists of two or more

paragraphs present ing suggest ions and theirresults/consequences. You should start a newparagraph for each suggestion and its results/conSeouences:

c) a conclusion in which you summarise your opinion.Essays providing solutions to problems are normallywritten in a formal style. They are usually found innewspapers and magaztnes.

Match problems (1-5) to suggestions (a-e).Choose a problem and think of more suggestions.

bul ly ing at schoolstress before examshazards of shopping onl ineschool vandal ism

car theft

a make a revision t imetableb talk to an adult you can trustc park in a safe place or in a garaged make sure your computer has security featurese instal l CCTV cameras

Match the suggestions above to each of theresults below. Use the language in the table.

you wi l l be very organisedvandals wi l l be caught red-handedhackers wi l l not be able to see your card

'number de ta i l s

a. A teen magazine has asked its readers togive suggestions on how to avoid stress beforeexams. Match the suggestions (1-5) to theircorresponding results (a-e).

1 start studying ahead of t ime2 take short breaks3 eat healthi ly and get enough sleep4 make a revision t imetable5 study with a friend

discuss any difficulties that come upbe calm and be prepared for exammind be clear and study t ime be moreeffective

have energy and be able to concentratework be more organised and be able toassess progress

b. Use the linking words and phrases from thetable to make sentences, as in the example.

A useful suggestisn wauld be to stcrt stwr,lying aheadaf time. As a result, you vrill be calm an,J prepared forthee;<am.

Your turn

Use your answers in Ex. 5 and your own ideasto write an article of 120-180 words providingsolutions to the problem. You can use thearticle in Ex. 2 as a model. 67

ft-rlt7T5-l[f.t

n-il]fl-e-]

5

trTtETIi=T-lF]-tisTt

4

tlTlETIFTI

t4T-l thieves will not have easy access to your

f5-tl they will be able to help and you witl nor

6

To make suggestions:o A useful suggest ion/Another solut ion would be

IO

r . . . cou ld be so lved by . . .o Steps/Measures should be taken in order to solve/

deal with . .o Another way to . . . is/would be to . . .o The situation could be improved iflby ...r lt would be a good idea iflto ...o lt would help if you/we/etc ..

To present results and consenquences:o As a result , . .o This would mean that . . .o Then, . .

By doing this, you/we/etc wouldl f . . . . . , the resu l t wou ld be . .The effecVconsequence/result of .. would be ...In this way, . . .

suffer alone

nature

Vocabulary FracticeExtreme weather

Tick (/)the correct box.

2 Match the animals to their sounds.

SNAKCS

cananeS

OOVCS

norsescncKetswolves

a ch i rp

b twitter

c ne igh

d howl

e coo

f hiss

Cross the odd word out, as in the example,

1 shore, coast, Sled, beach

2 buzz, nuisance, chirp, hiss

3 f lood, avalanche, drought, breeze

4 chi l ly, f looding, f reezing, scorching

5 bl izzard, thunderstorm, hai l storm, shine

Complete with the correct preposition.

1 The hurr icane destroyed everything

its path

2 Farmers are always complaining

the weather.

3 Travellers to the region should be aware

.. . . . . . . the possibi l i ty of terror ist at tacks

4 How should we deal . . . th is problem?

5 Tanya was f r rgh tened . . . . . . . . . . . . sp iders when

sne was young

Look at the weather map and complete thegaps with words from below.

. showers . downoour drizzle . snowfall

. s leet . sunshine . ch i l lv . ha i l . warm

,rrr OOWrlPOUl'

Northern lreland: A 1) .. . . . . . . . . . . wet day forBelfast and area. Cloudy, and expect a2) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lVlax temp 7-9 degrees C. Temperatures dropping to 3-5degrees C later in the day.

Scotland: Typical winter weather. Heavy3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expected in the Highlands. Edinburgh isc loudy wi th 4) and 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l t w i l lprobably change to snow by evening. Max temp 2-4degrees C. Temperatures dropping to below 0 degreesC later in the day.

York and North East England: A windy cloudy daythroughout the area. York is experiencing some light6) .. . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . that wil l continue unti l late afternoon.Max temp 10-12 degrees C. Tonight strong winds. Mintemp B-10 degrees C.

Southwest England and Wales: A cloudy day inWales with Cardiff experiencing some 7)Chance of heavier rain as the day progresses. Maxtemp 8-10 degrees C. Windy late in the evening. Mintemp 7-9 degrees C.

London and South East England: A beautiful day inEngland 's capi ta l . Lots of 8) . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . and9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . temperatures. Max temp 1 2-1 4 degreesC. Some rain expected early this evening. Min temp B-10 deorees C.

tlTlPTIfi-T---lt - t l

t4Ttf=-r---l ) t If--1-l

l o t I

3:t

':":':

t

4

llir

1 : l - : i r : r , i '

Forces of

North

68

Match the words in the columns then usethem to fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

tlTlETIF-rtFTIFTIreTtI]TI

1 Advances in medicine have improved the . . . . .

. of patrents suffering from cancer

2 . . . . . . . . . . m a k e s w r m m i n g i n t h e

area oangerous.

attacK anyone who

comes near their hive

After the meal in the restaurant, I suffered

from .. . .

. created massive flooding

and lef t many homeless

6 The effects of

beino studied throuohout the world

7 Due to unsu i tab le the p lane

wil l have to be diverted to another airport

Underline the correct word to complete theid iom.

6

7

Suddenly everything went wrong: I didn' t get

into college, my best friend moved away. my

grandma got r l l But they say ' i t never rains,

but it pours/flows/streams'.

Simon wasn't looking very wel l this morning. I

think he's feel ing a l i t t le bi t under the

storm/weather/cl i mate.

I can' t understand why you two are f ight ing.

What a blizzardlhurricane/storm in a teacup.

Tim has no idea what 's happening in the

world. He has his head in the skies/clouds/

heavens

Karen stole my thunder/lightning/breeze

when she wrote her name on the art ic le I had

written.

We should save for a stormy/rainy/cloudy day.

When Liz got into the Royal Academy of Music

she was on cloud nine/seven/eleven

Bob was real ly i l l for a whi le, but now he's as

right as sleet/drizzlelrain

5 8 Choose the correct word A, B, C or D.

1 A . . of wind blew the oaoers off the table.

A gash B gust C aush D gasp

2 The dog was frightened by the sound of the

thunder

A belt B bel l C bolt D bul l3 The . . . of l ightning l i t up the whole garden.

A f lesh B f lash C f lame D f lare4 Be ing ou t in the . . . . . . sun a l l morn ing made

us feel qui te weak.

A blazing B f laming C gr i l l ing D frying

5 Come in, come in What are you doing,

standing out there in the . cold?

A frozen B froze C freezing D freeze

6 The l i t t le gir l smi led as the snow .. . . landed

on her tongue.

A flake B drop C stone D cube

Sudden ly , a . . . . . . . . o f sunsh ine broke th rough

the clouds.

A belt B l ine C rcy D bolt

My car windscreen was broken by huge hai l

sea ak i l le r bc l rmate cweather dsurvival etorrent ial f

food g

condit ions

t o L c

porsonrng

ratns

beesr h e n n o

currents

7

A stones B flakes

9 | got caught in the

and got soakrng wet

A gush ing

B dr ipp ing

C pebbles D drons

rain this mor.rr i lC

C pouring

D flowing

9

10 Can you hear the wind? l t 's blowing a . . . :

A dr izzle B gust C breeze D gale

Word FormationForm nouns from the verbs, using the suffixes-ion, -ing, -ment and use them to complete thesentences,

. erupt o poison . develop . transmit . move

. populate . warn . explode

A severe weather was broadcast

on the radro

The radio . . . was broadkcast in many

different countries

The of the volcano destroyed

many homes in the area

His i l lness was diaonosed as food

The world 's . cont inues to r ise.

The marine biologists recorded the . .

o f the do lph ins .

T h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i n t h e m i n e w a s n o t f a t a l .

A lot of money is spent every year on the

4

5

6

7

8

of new medicines69

| ,--r----'l ^.'l

| 1 | I Bi l ly looks t i red. He can' t have slept veryweil.

Sal ly can' t have been water ing the plants

this week They are very dryThat 's his car He must have lef t i t hereafter the party.

Tanya might not pass her drrving test.Helen is smil ing She must have got thatnew job.

Mark might not buy a new car thrs year

He might no t have been caught in thesrorm.

a l 'm sure he d id .

b l 'm certain that she didn' t .c He probab ly d idn ' t

d l t 's possible that she won't .

e l t 's possible that he didn' tf l 'm sure she d idg l t 's possible that he won't

Rewri te the sentences, using an appropriatemoda lverb .

1 lt 's likely that jt r',, ' '. - .--=' -..cay

2 He probab ly o : "

2

ETI

Flt

t4T--]ffi

l 5 l I

reTtFTI

Grammar in UsePhrasal verbs

Fill in: draw, turn, put, do, break, hold.

1 A : Johnny , you 'd be t te r . . . . . . . . . . . . . up you rshoe laces before vou tr ip over them !

B :

2 A .

O K , M u m .

It is gett ing late and I don' t want toyou u p a ny lon ger. Let's

cont inue the meeting tomorrow morning

at n rne .( o a r r n r r e t n i n o t h o n

I am going to be in London for a few days.Can you me up?

B :

3 A :

B: I t wi l l be my pleasure

4 A: D id many peop le . . . . . . . up a t theparty?

B: Not many, but we had a nice t ime.

5 A: When does your school up forthe hol idays?

B: Next Monday.

6 A: Can we . up here for a moment?I want to buy a newspaper.

B : Sure .

Modals

Circle the correct verb.

1 A: You haven't taken a break yet today Youmust/can be hungry.

B: Yes, I could/may eat a horse!

2 A: The students must/can't ftsys 5lgflisfl vor'

much Their test results are terr iblelB: They might/must improve i f they want

9ooo graoes

3 A: Don't go out without a scarf and glovesl

The weather forecast said the temperaturewould/can drop to below zero.

B :

4 A :

You should/might be r ight. l ' l l take themwith me.

You're soaking wet You can't/might havehad your umbrel la with you

B: I know, I know I must/should have takenit .

5 A, People mustn' t /should go walking in the

mountains without the correct eouioment

B: I agree People should/may take greater

care.

A. May/Mustn' t I go home now?B: Yes, you can/might.

A: My bees should/can have produced morehoney this summer There were plenty offlowers.

B: Perhaps they couldn' t /wouldn' t becauseof the storms.

8 A: What a downpour The boats can' t /mustn' t be sai l ing

B: l 'm afraid you might/can be r ight

Match the sentences to the meanings.3

4

70

I th ink everyir ̂:

l r m e

5 l ' l l let vou dr ive me home

6 l 'm not sure whether l ' l l qo out tonioht

7 l t is possibly snowing rn Scot land r ight now

Choose the correct forms.

A: Hi, Gene ls that you? What are you st i l l

doing at home? You 1) could/should have

left by now

B: What do you mean? What t ime is i t?

A . l t ' s 1 3 : 1 0 .

B: What? lt 2) may/can't be. My watch says

12:30. lt 3) can't /must have stopped I knew I

4) should/might have replaced the battery

A: Never mind that now You had better hurrv

or you 5) might/can miss the train.

B: Okay, okay lf I leave now | 6) could/can't

st i l l make i t . By any chance 7) could/might 8you take me to the stat ion?

A: Oh, al l r ight. | 8) should/mustn' t be there in

about f ive minutes.

6 Look at the pictures. Make deductions.

Read the situations and make sentences fromthe words in the brackets. Use might or may.

1 | can't find my raincoat anywhere. I wonder

where I put it.

a: (you/puViVin the wardrobe)

b: (you/lefViVat work)

2 | can't find Sam. Do you know where he is?

a: (he /golfor lunch)

b: (he/golhome/for the day)

3 Why didn't Gloria answer the phone? l'm sure

she was home all last night

a: (she/golto bed early)

b: (shdnot feel/like talking)4 Fred didn't come to the party. Do you know

why?

a: (hdhavdother plans)

b: (he/not have/anyone to go with)

Sentence transformations

Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 There is a chance that it will rain at the weekend

I t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

at the weekend.

2 We're sure Shei la hasn' t taken the boat toI \ / t ^ l + ^ T t - ^ - ^ - i - + -rv rd rLd . i l re sed rs LOO fOUgn

S h e . . . .

taken the boat to Malta The sea is too rough.

3 He's got a terr ible headache. l 'm sure he's

been work ing in the sun a l l morn ingHo's nnt ,a torr ihlp headache. He . . . . . .

in i r ' . , rn ,rL rorning

working

4 Floods are possible here, even in the hottestmonths of summer

There .

floods here, even in the hottest months of

summer.

5 I 'm sure he didn' t take his overcoat. Look, i t 's

r ight there.

H e

forgotten to take his overcoat. Look, it 's right

there

1 They might be on holiday

7 1

Reading

Read the text and questions below. For each question choose the correct letter (A, B, C or D).

. - : ; i - - ; , i , ' r .

he settlement of Oymyakon is situated in Eastern Siberia,Russia. lt is the coldest permanently inhabited place on Earth.

Temperatures are said to have reached as low as -96.16 degreesr."' Fahrenheit (71.2 Celsius). This is hardly surprising as Oymyakon lies

only a few hundred miles south of the Arctic Circle.

Oymyakon has not always been a permanent place of residence. Beforethe 1920s, Oymyakon was only visited by reindeer herders. Later, the Soviet

government took steps to settle these nomadic people and now the area boasts apopulation of about 800.

The people of Oymyakon have had to adapt in order to survive in this harsh environment. Owninglivestock (reindeer and horses) is essential for food and for trade. Growing fruits or vegetables is onlypossible in the short summer season. For the remainder of the time, the ground is frozen. Transportation isnot easy as dieselfreezes at -58 degrees Fahrenheit. In Oymyakon wearing fur is not a luxury but a necessity.Luckily, the local power station burns wood to provide homes with hot water and this makes indoor lifebearable.

Believe it or not, the local people sometimes choose to bathe in these sub-zero temperatures. Swimmingin icy water is said to prevent colds and pneumonia. The brave people who do this call themselves membersof the 'Walrus Club'. When you think about it, it is truly amazing what people can endure when they have to.

1 The wri ter 's main purpose in wrrt ing this text

rs to

A explain why people l ive tn sub-zero

temperatu res

B encourage people to vis i t Oymyakon

C inform us about the Soviet Union

D describe what i t is l ike to l ive under harsh

cond i t ions.

2 What does the wri ter tel l us about reindeer

herders?

A They used to be nomadic people

B They were discouraged from l iv ing in

Oymyakon.

C They view fur as a luxury.

D They grow vegetables al l year round

3 When talking about reindeer and horses thernrr i tor <:vc nonnlo

A keep these animals as pets

B have l i festock in order to survive.

C raise a wide var iety of animals.

D have them solely for therr fur.

4 What does the wri ter say about bathing in

frozen waters?

A The people who do i t are r iskLng their l ives.

B l t is only advisable for animals to do i t

C l t has health benef i ts

D People do i t because they enjoy i t

best descr ibe the

72

Listening & SpeakingWinter Holidays

You wil l hear two people talking about awinter holiday, Fi l l in the missing informationin the numbered spaces.

Zoll SktREsoRLLocationThe resort is in Austria in an attractive village1l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . metres above sea level in the HoheTauern mountain rangeGlimateModerate continental cl imate. Winters 2l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .with reliable and freouent snowfalls.FacilitiesOver 200 kilometres of ski runs. Activities include

3l .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tobogganing, sleigh rides and

Type of accommodation on offero Hotelo Self-catering 4l . . . . . . . . . .Price of holiday€ 5) . . . .. for one week's stay at hotelincluding two meals a day.RestaurantsThere are many different kinds. Prices are6 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expressing probabi lity/possi bi l ity

Complete the dialogues (1-2)with sentences(a-g).

1 A: Do you think we wil l have a whiteChristmas this year?1 ) . . . . . . . . . . i f w e ' r e l u c k y

What did the weather forecast say?

It said 2)

by the end of the week

The weather is so unpredictable these days!

Yes, 3)warm and sunny even in December.

A: I guess i t isn' t going to snow now

B: lt may be warm now, but you never know,

4)

2 A: Are we st i l l going on the

afternoon?

B: Not l ikely. l t 's raining and 5)

e

f

I

a l l day

A: Wel l , i f has rained so much already, 6)

by this afternoon.

B: I think you're being rather opt imist ic.

think we should postpone the picnic.

After al l , even i f the sun comes out, the

grass will be wet We 7) .

A: I think you're r ight. Let 's go to the new<hnnn inn aon t ro- " " Y v "

r t should have stopped raining

i t might keep raining

could catch cold

Making speculations

Match the picturesand the speculations,

p icn ic th is

21

2

3

4

5

They may be brother and sister.

He might no t l i ke med ic ine .

They might be studying.

He may be stopping the traf f ic.

They might be very talented.

6 She can' t have slept very wel l .

7 They could be on a course

8 They might be father and son

9 He may be i l l

10 She may be bored

11 They might be pract is ing for a concert .

12 l t must be qu i te ch i l l y

13 They could be at universi ty

14 She may be a nurse .

B :

A:

B :

B :

TTITtrtrtrTtr

- i + - ^ , , l - l ^ ^ + - ^ l - lo r L L U U | U 9 s L L V | U

later

b l t might snow

c i t could get even

warmer

d i t can be73

Writ ing (an e-mail replying to an invitat iorr)

Getting started

Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer the questions.

You have received an invitation to spend a weekend at your friend iames' parents'cottage. Write ane-mail replying to his invitat ion. In your e-mail you should. thank him for the invitat ion. say whether you are able to go. ask some questions about the weekend

What wil l you write? Who to?What style wil l you write in?

1

23 What must you include in your e-mai l?4 How could you begin/end your e-mai l?

2Let"s look closerRead the emails below and complete the paragraph plan. Which e-mail accepts the invitat ion and whichrefuses it? Underl ine the sentences that show us this.

f . , ' : ' - " - , '

. i r . : . . ' :..:..:... : . |:.F ; - _ ' _ _ " * " : : _ . . _ - _ : " " _ _ " _ ,

|,/\t=j'f.-l

New Mrg

a i:l:::l't-:il

Nefli ':g

James ! Dear J

l

W lo* a re you? l 'm f ine l l 'm rea l l yenloying the summer

far!hol idays so

Thanks so much for invi t ing meto spend the weekend at yourparents' cottage! The cottagesounds wonderful I real ly wish Icould come but unfortunately Ican' t as my sister is gett ing marr iedthat weekend We're al l real lyexcited !

p -

p' l real ly hope you have a goodt r m o : f f h o r n f f e n a :anyway Haveyou invi ted anyone else? Are thereany interest ing places to vis i t in thea r e a ? l b e t y o u ' l l h a v e a b r i l l i a n tt ime Wr i te and te l l me a l l about r t !

p t t would be real ly g.eat to catchup soon Perhaps we can meet up ina coup le o f weeks? Once aga in , l 'mso sorry I can' t make the weekendLOVC,

Dan

il

$b tt was great to get your email Ialways enjoy hearing your news!

p ffrants so much for theinvi tat ion to spend the weekend atyour parents' cottage I would real lylove to come! l 've been studyingreal ly hard recent ly so i t ' l l be greatto relax on the beach and havesome fun !

$b't huue a couple of questionsabout the weekend ! | work onFridays unt i l 7pm. What t ime areyour parents planning to set out? l fwe are leaving earl ier than 7, I canask for that day off! Also, whatshould I br ing with me? Do youth ink I w i l l need any warm c lo thes?

$+ t 'r looking forward to theweekend already!

1'l parents for letting

,rj back soon,:l Love,: i lg_

Please thank your

me comel Wrrte

74

(accept)

z (refuse)Choose from the phrases above to invite yourfr iend to:

1 your birthday party.

3

3 (accept)

2 your school concert

3 stay at your house for the weekend.

4 Choose from the phrases in the box toaccept/refuse an invitation to:

1 your best friend's drnner party.2 go on a package holiday to Spain with your

fr iend.3 have a meal out with vour fr iend and his/her

parents.4 your cousin's housewarming party.

tstiems

That would be greaVwonderful !

Thanks, that sounds lovelylI would real ly love tolI wouldn' t miss i t for the world!Thank you, l ' l l def ini tely come/be there

Refarslng lmsdltatlens

That 's so kind, but I real ly can' t , I . .l 'd love to, but . .Thanks so much, butThanks, but I 'm afraid I can' t make i t . II real ly wish I could come but . . .

4 (refuse)

Your turn

Your English pen fr iend has invited you to hersixteenth birthday party. Write an e-mailreplying to her invitation (60-80 words). Inyour e-mail, you should

. thank her: for invit ing you

. refuse the invitat ion, giving a reasono suggest meeting up another t ime

Use the plan below to write your e-mail.

Introduction(Para 7) opening remarksMain Body(Pan 2) tbankfriend - refuse giving reason

(e.g.studyfor exam)(Pan 3) suggest meeting up anotber time

(e.g. next weeleend)Conclusion(Pan 4) closing remarksYours,(.yowrfirst name)

lanruaffiAaeeptFng Er"lwE

a

a

a

a

a

Festive Ti me

Vocabu!ary PracticeFestivals & Holidays

Read what these people say about theirfavourite holidays and f i l l in the blanks withthe words below.

. cooks . card . music . l ight . let off

. chocolates . exchange o throw o visit

I 'm Marc Sarrazin and l 'm 25 years old.l'd say that Thanksgiving is myfavourite holiday. In the USA it 'scelebrated in a very big way. Mymum f1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a spec ia ldinner with stuffed turkey andvegetables. In the afternoon, we

21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f r iends and re la t ives.We 3 l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . greet ings and

watch football together.

My name is Roisin Joyce and l 'm from

lreland. I l ike most celebrat ions, but

my birthday is my favourite day ofthe year. I always celebrate theday in style! This year myparents gave me a beautiful4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and a hugebox of de l ic ious 5 l . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Later, my fr iends took me to afancy restaurant where we had a

great meal and then listened to live6 l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . un t i l a f te r midn igh t .

r,!1,':..Fffirirti!iiitt.1tri$ll..I.n;i1e..r f-S,l.yfililtr*tX1,g$.a,.-T, .. ,

[ 'm Sandy Cane and l 'm " i2" In

the UK we've got a specialday cal led Guy Fawkes' night.

On Guy Fawkes' night,

1 sliced, chopped, scrambled, gT}*€{

2 main course, bonf ire, starter, dessert3 hot, spicy, bitter, fried4 parag l id ing , s ta l l , bowl ing , tenn is5 course, pi tch, point, r ink

Match the words in the columns and then usethem to f i l l in the gaps in the sentences below.

bi t ter

hotgrare0

gr i l led

eafly

scrambled

a ch icken

b cheese

c hours

d eggs

e cnocolate

f ch i l l i pepper

What would you say your favouri te thing isto have for breakfast?

Hmmm, I guess I 'd have to say , .wrth toast

What was the weddrng cake made w i th?It was made with vanrl la sorbet. f resh'asber r ies ano

Are you ready to orderyour main course, Sir?Yes. I th ink l ' l l -a , , e : re

wi th a bakec cc-a-c

What t r r re l : _ , : , qe : back f rom your

date las i : : - . l

Gosh, i c : - - ( - : , ' , ' , \ /e danced andl a . l g h e c * - : - :

A: The sauce s : i - . : : i : : .

B: Did you t .rs. ' - . ,

2 Cross the odd word out as in the example.

trTtPTIt3TtFTIfsl-lreTt1 A :

B :

2 A .

B :

3 A :

B

4 A .

B :

76

4

6 A: Can I serve the pasta now?B: No, wait We have to put the

on first.

She refused to give me the rsqip_e_/prescriptionfor her apple pie

I think l ' l l have the raw/steamed r ice insteaoof French fr ies.

Did you want your steak with melted/mashed potatoes?

I can't believe how exoensive a bottle ofst i l l /bubbly water is at this restaurantYou'll have to get a new set of golf skates/clubs for the match next weekCan you bel ieve there were over 20,000viewers/spectators at the match?Do you know who the f inal ists are in theten nrs tournament/contest?

That man over there was a si lver medaldefender/winner at the Greek Olympics.Why don't you join the school vol leybasociety/team?

The final score/point of the game was 12-2

Match the sports in the l ist to the verbs in thetable.

. diving . ice-skating . hang gl iding o athletics

. basketball . cross-country running . aerobtcs

. bungee jumping . scuba diving . baseball

. snowboarding . vyln6rrrf ing o swimming 7

9o

play

do

Rewrite the sentences with the correct idiomfrom the list below.

. bal l is in your court . have a 63ll o play ball

. whole new loall pdmg o get the ball rol l ing

1 Let's start the process and begin the baseballgame.

Let's

We passed al l our exams Let 's go out andhave a great t ime

We

4 lf you're not going to be co-operative, youmight as wel l just leave the classrf

I lent you the money so now you must be

;sno1s o e a:o o'1lt back

Complete the sentences with although or inspite of/despite.

1 . . . . . . . . . . l l i ke box ing , l t h ink i t i s a ve ryc l : n n a r n r r ( c n n r f

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be ing expens ive , I love sk i ing3 | think cross country running is fun,

being very chal lenging4 Jogging is an excel lent way to gei f i t ,

i t i s t i r rng .5 Hang g l id ing is exc i t ing . . . .

it is expensive

Phrasal verbs

Complete the sentences using verbs from thelist in the correct form.

. carry o put o brrng . 1s6;a

1 A: You should have stopped when yourealised you had hurt your ankle

B: I know, but i f I hadn ton, I wouldn't have come in second.

2 A: Have you any idea what

on h is i l l ness?

Underline the correct word, as in the example. 3 I just started a new job and bel ieve me i t 's acompletely different situation for me

7

1 0

6B :

3 A :

B :

4 4 .

B :

Probably the fact that he went out in thecold with no jacket on

Did you see the smile on Sam's face whenhe f inished the race?

Yes. He was happy because he knew hiso a o w a s . . . . . . . . . . . . o n

Are you ready?

Jus t le t me . . . . . . . . on my coatano we can go .

77

Grammar in Use(to) infinltive/-inE form

Complete the gaps with the correct form ofthe verbs in brackets.

lwant . . . . . . ( r ide) my b ike in

the parkMe too. Can | (corne)

with you?

I am rea l l y look ing fo rward to . . . . . .(go) to the match on Saturday

I ' m n o t . l h a t e . . . . . . . . . ( w a t c h )

footbal l .

Y o u h a d b e t t e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( g e t )

lots of practice before basketball season

sta rts.

I agree. lwi l l t ry . . (work)

out as often as I can.

Wil l you be al lowed(eat) sweets after the operation?

Not rea l l y My doc tor sa id lw i l l need . . . . . . .

. (cut down) on fat and sugar.

Did you remember (wish)

Paul Happy Bir thday?

Oh, no ! | fo rgo t . l ' l l . . . . . . .(ca l l ) h im nowl

Stop (bite) your

na i l s and ca lm down

Sorry but I 'm too nervous r ight now

. . . (calm) down.

There's no point

(wait) for Liz She'll take hours to get ready.

How about(meet) her later then?

It 's no use (wait) in the queue

for tickets

How about (order) them

on l ine then?

9 A: Sal ly can' t wait . . ( jo in)

the swimming team

B: I know She 's p lann ing

to try-outs on Friday

10 A: Coach, w i l l you le t me(play) in the f inal match?

B: l 'm afraid i t 's too late(take) on any new players, J im.

Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form tocomplete the sentences about Jenny.

Jenny used to 1 )(play tennis) twice a week but she stopped2) (exercise) last year when

she started 3) (work) long hours

as an investment banker. Al though Jenny has

been avoiding 4) . (eat) fast food

at work, she has put on weight Her doctor saysthat she must 5) . . ( jo in) a gym as soonas possible and try 6) (lose)

weight. Jenny can' t wait to 7)(start) exercising and looks forward to8) . . (get) in shape

Circle the correct answer.

1 A: l ' l l never forget to score / scoring that

winning goal in the hockey match

B: Yes, but you forgot thanking / to thankyour coach for al l the help and t ime he gave

you before the finais

2 A: Why don't you try to dr inkglass of water?

B: I d id tha t l ' l l t r y ho ld ing /

breath for a minute lv laybe

my hrccups

3 A: Let 's stop to buy / buying something attha t bout ique

D o y o u m i n d . . . . . . . . .(cal l ) Tina to see i f she's coming tonight?

Sure , I was p lann ing . (ca l l )

her anyway

I can't believe you forgot(take) your basebal l glove with you

I meant . . . . . . (pu t ) i t in

the bag but then I forgot.

/ d r ink ing a

to hold my

that wi l l stop

B :

3 A :

B :

4 A ,

B :

5 A :

B :

6 A :

B :

7 A .

B :

8 A :

B :

1 1 A

B

1 2 A

B :

B :

4 A :

B :

5 A :

B :

(go)

You can' t be se"c- ' ' ' : - should stop to

shop / shopoing ; . : , :=- ) ' . ,e snops l ike that

They usec , : go i go ing io the gym a tl e a s l i r ' , c = ' , , : : . : - . - - e y s t o p p e d .

I cou lc^ : ; -a - l - - : : - ^ -sed to ge t t ing /n o f r e c = . = , = " < :

D i d y o u ' : ^ ' : - - : : 3 o c k u p / p i c k i n g u p

S O m e n ' r , < = - - - - - - = S - : : ?

Y e s , b u t L : : - . = - - : - - : : ' t o p a y / p a y i n g

for i t l

7B

4 Use the phrases in the list to complete thesentences about how to keep in shape. Youmay have to change the form of the verbs.

. talk you out of your f i tness goals

. try to go to the gym three times a weeko eat fattening foods . warm up . over exercise

1 You should to estaotisrr qood fitness rrabits

2 Avoid

o"r;. .f ",n.; ":1"' *'.*':n::

. . or you' l l be drsappointed in yourself .

You mustn' t

. . . as you wi l l get sore muscles.

5 Remember

before doing any strenuousexercise or you could hurt yourself.

Look at the table, then rewrite the sentencesusing the verb in brackets in the correct form.

1 Pat is sorry he fouled the member of the other

team. (regret)

Tom has improved his

last year. (seem)serving ski l ls over the

Our team is losing by f ive points and there is

only a minute lef t in the game. (appear)

4 He usually goes to all his school matches. (tend)

The boys say they have been practising very

hard lately. (c laim)

Read the examples. Use the structures toexpress your preferences. Then complete theexchanges using similar structures.

l 'd prefer to stay at homeI prefer cycl ing to jogging.l 'd rather play tennis than (play) basketballl 'd better go to the gym.

She should exercise more often

She'd better

Why don'

l'd prefert we go to the football match?

I l ike exercising at home more than at thegym.

B: Real ly? | prefer

4 A: Shall we go to the courts for a game ofsouash?

B: Actually, I 'd rather

Word Formation

Match the words to form compound nouns.

6

B :

B :

A:

7yoga

ru n ner-

hang-

body

fizzy

balanced

a u p

b classes

c diet

d dr inks

e g l id ing

f image

8

Int ini t ive -rng Torm

Present ( to)work working

Fresent

Continuous(to) be working

Perfect (to) have workechaving worked

Perfect

Cont inuous

(to) have been

working

FTIPTIF-ftt4TtI-s-f_ltrTtSentence transformationsComplete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 Chris looks l ike he rs really enjoying himself.Chris seems

himself .

Last year he wasn't

was very young.

Last year he was . . . .

be on the team.

He can' t wait to be in the f inals in spr ing.

He is look ing

in the f inals in spr ing

Maybe he will be a very good basketball player.

H e h o p e s . . . .

a very good basketbal l player

5 l 'm glad the coach put him on the team

It was nice of the coach

on the team because he

rn the team

79

Reading' l Look at the sentences below about an

eating contest. Read the text todecide if each sentence is correct orincorrect. Mark the sentences as A, if.:.,ii ';"''correct, or B, if incorrect.

.,.,,,,,"n*,J,*t'

'i i:J!i:i:!r i: 'ti13'r;'rt::

'u"'rr'l'"il 'll;ii'

'_' i ' i '-rf: i tr '-

- ! ; t i : 1 i '

t hink of your favourite food. DoI you hunger for hamburgers? Do

jam doughnuts make your mouthwater? Do you crave chocolatemilkshakes o6 perhaps, somethinghealthier like strawberries or mango?Now, how would you like to enter acompetition to eat mouthful aftermouthful as quickly as possible?Would a prize of five thousanddollars tempt you to try? Well, if thisis your idea of fun, you're not alone.Competitive eating is now a well-organised activity for thousands ofpeople from all over the world,although it's most popular in theUSA, where the tradition began,

Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contesttakes place every fourth of July inConey lsland, New York. Accordingto legend, in 1916, four immigrantshad a hot dog eating contest at thesite of the f irst Nathan's stand toshow who was the most patriotic.Today, the competit ion bringstogether many of the world's bestcompetiiive eaters. The currentchampion is Japan's TakeruKobayashi, who set a world recordof eating 53!z hot dogs in 12minutes, but this year he faces

1 Ususally the prize at an eating competition ismoney.

2

3

4

5

Competitive eating only happens in the USANathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest first tookplace in 1 91 6.

Only Americans compete in the contest.The world record holder is a man

tough competit ion from America's Sonya Thomas, 'The BlackWidow', who holds the record for eating 65 hard boiled eggs in7 minutes.Other world records include eating 137 chicken wings in 30minutes,9lz boxes of popcorn in 12 minutes and almost a ki loof butter in 5 minutes, but don't imagine you have to beenormous to break a record. Kobayashi weighs just 65 ki losand Thomas weighs only 55 ki los. In fact, being overweight isthought to be a disadvantage in competitive eating as body fatstops the stomach from expanding as much as i t could.Kobayashi expands his stomach for a competition by eatinglarger and larger amounts of food, and then exercises so thefat wil l not get in the way during a competit ion.

The rules of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest are quitesimple. Twenty competitors stand behind a long table with hotdogs and drinks. The competitors can eat them however theylike, but most usually dip their food in water to make it easier tochew and swallow. Whoever eats (and keeps down) the mosthot dogs in 12 minutes is the winner . ' l t ' s a l l about wi l lpowe[ 'says Kobayashi, who just picks up another hot dog, tears i t inhalf and stuffs both halves into his mouth, Sounds delicious,doesn't i t?

6 Most record breakers are ovennreight.7 lt 's a good idea to increase the amounts of

. food you eat before a competition.8 There are many rules to obey at the contest9 Competitors can't touch the food with their

nan0s .

10 The wri ter of the art ic le thinks thecompeti t ions are fun

BO

Listening & SpeakingFestivals

i ..' You will hear a conversation betweenJanet and Sheila about an annual festival thatthey are thinking of attending. For questions1-6 choose A, B or C.

1 Who lives in the town of Pictou?A JanetB Shei laC Janet and Sheila

2 Sheila says that she is most interested inA going to the beach.B learning about Pictou.

C catching f ish in the

lake

3 The festivities at :' l

the Hector Festival

last for

A one day.

B two days

C five days.

4 The festival is

honour of

A a boat.

B a group of people

C a special anniversary.

5 What wi l l Shei la do for the f i rst t ime?A hear bagpipe musicB listen to Scottish singers

C watch Scottish dancing

6 Who gets a discount on tickets to the events?A students

B adults

C students and older nonnlo

Avoiding direct questions

2 Circle the correct response.

3 A :B :

Do you play vol leybal l?

a Er . . sometimes.

b l t might be.

How often do you ride your bike?a l d o .

b Whenever I can.

4 A :

B :

Do you drrnk a lot of water?a I l ike i t .

b Not that much, I guess.

Do you eat any dairy products?

a Exactly

b Not that often.

A: Do you drink a lot of fizzy drinks?B: a Not really.

b I 'd love one.

Asking for lGiving direct ions

a. Complete the conversation with theexpressions below.

. next to the offices

. they are just behind i to Yes, sorry Where's the gym, pleaser You need to turn right at reception

A: You look kind of lost. Can I help you?B : 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?A: lt 's 2) .B: How do I get to the offices?A : 3 ) .B: Are the offices next to receotion?A: Ac tua l l y .4 ) . . . . . .B: Thanks a lot .

b, Complete the dialogue with the expressionsbelow.

o How do you travel to work every day?r How often do you exercise?r What do you usual ly have for lunch?r What do you usually drink?A: Would you say that your eating habits are

healthy?I suppose so.1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?I t depends, real ly. l t 's usual ly a packed lunchfrom home.2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?About 2 litres of water per day, plus fruit juicefor breakfast3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?Unfortunately, I don't as I work really long hours.4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?Sometimes I walk but most of the t ime I takethe bus.

3

held

B :A :

B :

1 A :B :

2 A :B :

A.B :

A:B :A:B :

8 1

Writing (a survey report)

Getting started

Read the rubric and underline the key words/phrases. What words/phrases can you think of related to theword survey?

g Your teacher has asked you to write a survey report about the improvements'il

students would like made to their school.

Write a report about the improvements your fel low classmates would l ike made to their school.

Let"s look closer

2 a. Read the report and f i l l in the subheadings below. There is onesubheading you do not need to use.

o Introduction o Food o Conclusion o Veqetarian Dishes r Drinks

To Ms Pash. Headmistress

From: . lan Ferguson, class president

Subject: School improvements

Date: Jan 1 2th

@The arm of this report is to present the results of a survey in which

500 pupi ls were quest ioned about the improvements they would

l ike made to the schoor.

The majority of the pupils would like to see a larger variety of fooo

in the school cafeteria. In fact, three out of five would like to see a

vegetar ian dish on the menu each day

EFAlthough many pupils drink fizzy drinks, fruit drinks are more

popular among the students. Fi f ty percent of the pupi ls asked

admitted having more than one fizzy drink per day, however, they

said they would prefer frui t dr inks.

FTo sum up, a large number of pupi ls prefer to have vegetar ian meals

and fruit drinks instead of junk food or fizzy drinks on the menu I

recommend that the School Board take act ion to make more

healthy opt ions avai lable to pupi ls

(Para +)

t_t-'*tioi" t'pt*ti'F

\**s*tut8_P"tlr*..r-,**-,.e1r5Fa,

*.+{i+rlq$rnr"\#1*+-5e@'r9fs'r'r-..gr*"34sf

ra1{.R d-i-fd--'_'-:

b. Read the report and complete the paragraph plan. In which paragraph(s) cloes ire '" ' , ' r i ter present theresults of his survey? In which paragraph(s) does he summarise his pointsJ lr ' , ' , r i :n oaragraph(s) doeshe state the purpose and content of his report?

82

b

Which of the following are true when we writea survey? Look at the report in Ex, 2 andanSwer.

The style of writing is informal.The person who is going to read the report issomeone in authority.We wri te our points under subheadings.

lanrua0ereports

to start your report: The purpose/aim of thisreport is to ..., As requested, this report waswr,itten/carried out to ..., etc.to talk about facts: the majority/minority of. . . . a s m a l l / l a r g e n u m b e r o f . . . b e l i e v e . . . ,ten/fiftyletc per cent of people interviewedbelieve/prefer/would like/etc ...

r to end your report: Taking everythingaccount, To sum up, In conclusion, Al l inerc

Complete the following sentences with itemsfrom the box above.

to show what themajority of pupils feel about cafeteria food.

pupils wanthealthier food to be served in the cafeteria.

3 Only studenrsbring packed lunches.

4 to present the resultsof a survey regarding the TV programmesteenagers prefer to watch.

The extracts below are written in the wrongstyle. Read them and replace the words/phrases in bold with more suitable ones fromthe lists.

. finally . excellent r what is more

. directlv . therefore

Parkdale Community Centre is one of the mostconvenient youth centres in the town. It is locatednear the secondary school 1) so it is easily accessibleto students. 2) Also, there is a large skating rink3) right behind it. 4) The last thing is, there are5) good facilities for people with special needs

123

o improve the centre. the aim of this report is

6) l've written this report to recommendto 7) make the centre better.

ways

o attract r altered . to sum up

8) To cut a long story short, the communitycentre would 9) get more people i f some thrngswere 10) changed.

Your turn

a. You work for the local newspaper. Theeditor has asked you to carry out a surveyin order to f ind out what people in yourtown would like to see done to improve thecommunity centre. Read the ideas belowand put them under the correctsubheadings in the table.o stay open late at the weekends. dance competit ionsr cake & second-hand clothes sales. larger canteene new tennis balls and racouetso Iarger seating area. bingo evenings. baby-changing room. disabled WC

facilities

equipment

more events

openrng

hours

b. Use the information from Ex. 6a as well asyour own ideas to write the survey report.You can use the report in Ex. 2 as a model.

1 089

t o .

r l l , IiI

*--d

I n '

a

6

4

83

e*t lse.t.,hl..., .....,....,,,..,...,...;

u" r'F:

t r*- f ' " j . . - - . -

l .

?-rfr f i&{; I

Uni t 1. People

Draw lines to complete the mindmaps with these words. You can add your own words, too. Compare withyour partner.

mspecial features

2 Choose the correct word. Use the phrases in sentences of your own.

3

1 give him the benef i t / r ight of the doubt

2 do/make me a favour

3 keep an ear/eye on things

4 it drives/leads me crazy

5 hold/keep on good terms with

o Chores

Complete the verbs. Make sentences using the phrases.

1 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h e f l o o r

2 f . . . . . . . . . . . t h e p e t

3 c . . . . . . . . t h e t a b l e

4 t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h e r u b b i s h

6 noise real ly gets c ' - , , nerues/head

7 get into trouble/fun

8 my feel ing/sens€ : ' - - ̂ - - , '

9 see l i fe in a .o - : : lamp l igh t

10 what cornes : : rn ind head , ' , - :n

5

6

7

8

I r t r g o L l \ c

86

2

Unit 2. The Environment

Draw lines to complete the mindmap with these words. In pairs, add two more to each category.

. p r a i r i e . b a l d e a g l e . b i s o n . b o a . s e a t u r t l e . h e d g e r o w . p a n d a . b u t t e r f l y o m o u n t a i n s

. c h i m p a n z e e r s p o t t e d d o l p h i n . t i g e r . b r o w n h a r e . o c e a n . c h i n c h i l l a . l i z a r d o o t t e r . b e e . a n t

. cockroach . woodlands . farmland o jungle o pond . river . lake . wetlands . macaw

Complete the phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.

t r e l e a s e . c u t d o w n . e n v i r o n m e n t a l . s o i l . e n d a n g e r e d . f a c t o r y . a i r . d a n g e r . w i l d l i f e . l i v e

12345

. . . . . . . . . . . t r e e s 6

. . . . . . s p e c i e s 7. . . . . g roups 8

habitat 9. . . . . . . . . w a s t e 1 0

to

pol lut ion

be in . . . . . . . . . o f ex t inc t ion

. . in the wi ld

Put the words in brackets into the correct form.

1 The t iger is a(n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (danger) species. We must do what we can to protect i t .2 Many plants are on the verge of (extinct).

3 one of our main concerns is the . . . . . . (protect) of the environment.4 San Diego Zoo is famous for i ts animal (breed) programmes.5 | don' t think i t was his . . . ( intend) to drop l i t ter in the Nat ional Park.6 She is studying . . . . . (environment) science at universi ty.7 The local council is trying to make (improve) to the town park.8 We are ful l of . . . . . . . . . (admire) for her because she does so much for the environment.9 Don't swim there! The water is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (contaminate).

10 l f t rees are cut down, then soi l (erode) wi l loccur.

3

87

Uni t 3. Travel

Match the words in Column A to the words in Column B.

tilrot

mmtm

boarding

boot

flat

rush

check-in

buffet

road

duty

a pass

b lock

c car

d map

e free

f deskg hour

h tyre

2 Put the words in the list under the correct category.

. l and ing r sea tbe l t . t ake -o f f . c ru i se .ca r r i age oboo t . f l i gh t ocompar tmen t . check - in .p la t fo rm

.cab in r s ta t i on rpo r t oacce le ra to r .exhaus tp ipe ebonne t .deck .s tee r ingwhee l . 6 r1y91 rp i l o t

. caotain . crew . ticket insoector . air steward

o Accommodation

3 List the words under the right headings.

. cottage . lawn . terraced . garden . detachedr fifth floor . flat . balconv e attic . cellar . hall

. two storey . bungalow . bedsit . corridor . Ianding. garage . fence . flower beds . semi-detached . drain

4 Underline the correct item.

1 We took a beautiful walk along/by the beach.

2 lt is cheaper to travel there on/by car.

3 When we get towards/off the ship, we'll take the bus straight to the hotel.

4 lt takes them about fifteen minutes to go to the beach on/by foot.

5 Walk towards/along the train stat ion and you' l l see the bank on your r ight

88

2

Uni t 4. Education

Correct the sentences. Use the words: enrolling, resit, miss, seminor, sitting, universi$, subjects, revise.

1 | can' t come with you l 'm passing an exam tomorrow.2 The school offers a wide range of lessons.3 lf I fail my exam, l' l l have to do it next September4 Before an exam, you should read for it5 If you lose classes, you won't do well in the exams6 He's a professor in a primary school.7 The professor gave a 45'minute conference on endangered species8 l 'm interested in attending in that course.

Circle the odd one out.

1 art . maths, l ibrary2 teacher, student, professor

3 canteen, book, pen

o Human Sounds

4 classroom, lab, ruler

5 grade, test, exam6 secondary, pr imary, pupi l

3 Put the verbs into the correct form to complete each sentence.

. g r u n t . w h i s t l e . c o u g h . s n o r e . s n e e z e . y a w n . s i g h . l e l p o 5 p i f f o g r o a n

1 My father. . . . . . . . . so loudlywhen he's sleeping that he keeps everybody else awake!2 The fans when the str iker missed an open goal.3 She in surpr ise when I suddenly opened the door.4 He was in such a bad mood that when I spoke to him he just in repry5 Robert weari ly when he real ised how much work he had to do.6 He . . . . . . . . . . . loud ly and then sa id he was go ing to bed.7 My mother has stopped . . . . . s ince she gave up smoking.8 | a lways . . . . . . . . when lsmel l pepper .9 He . . . . . . . . . . . . the a i r susp ic ious ly , a f ra id tha t he cou ld smel l smoke.

10 | gave a smal l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o f surpr ise when he to ld me how much monev he earneo

o Sounds

4 Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the correct form of the appropriate sound verb.

. crackle . sinq . howl . rumble . creak . rustle

1

2

3

4

5

6

As we were walking through the forest, the leaveslwa lked s lowly across the room and the f loorboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .What a beaut i ful dayl The sun is shining, a breeze is blowing and

in the wind

under my weight

the birdsIthink there is going to be a storm. I can hearthunder . . in the distanceI didn' t s leep a wink al l night because the wind . . real ly loudlyWe decided to stay in and watch W in front of the . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . f i re

B9

2

Unit 5. Moods & Feelings

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 He clenched/curled his f ist angri ly when he heard the bad news.

2 She always twists/crosses her legs when she's sitting down.

3 The boys stood in front of the teacher with their heads bowed/bent.

4 He folded/creased his arms and thought for a moment before answering

5 The guard stood smartly to attention with his back straight/stiff.

6 She put her hands on her legs/hips and looked at the dir ty room with her mouth open

o Ways of looking

Fill in: glare, blink, glimpse, wink, stare, peer, glance, frown , gazed , peep.

1 She . . . at me in disbel ief when I told her the news.

2 She her eyes rapidly as she tried to stop her tears

3 As we drove through the park, we . . . . . . at some squirrels playing in the trees

4 The l i t t le boy put his hands over his face and shyly at us through his f ingers.

5 The referee . . quickly at his watch and then blew his whist le to start the game.

6 | . . . . . . through the dir ty window, try ing to see who was in the room

7 The exhausted hikers . . . . . at the camp f i re in si lence as the f lames slowly died.

8 Our teacher . . . . . wi th disappointment when she saw how badly we had done in the test

9 She . . . angri ly at the boys who had broken her window.

10 My brother . . . . at me to show me that there was nothing to worry about.

o Ways of walking

Underline the correct word in each sentence.' l They strolled/crept slowly around the park, enjoying the evening sunshine

2 The soldiers stamped/marched smartly across the square.

3 She hopped/plodded slowly up the hi l l , the heavy shopping bags cutt ing into her hands

4 | must have tramped/crawled the streets for hours before I found a place to sleep.

5 Everybody cheered when the exhausted athlete finally staggered/strayed across the finishing line

6 In the dark, I stumbled/drifted on a stone and nearly fell.

7 The captain stalked/limped slowly from the field after twisting his ankle.

8 The tourists trooped/wandered around the market, not really wanting to buy anything.

o Ways of laughing

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 The teacher became annoyed with the l i t t le gir ls ' chi ldish gr inning/giggl ing.

2 He chuckled/gr inned quiet ly to himself as he read her amusing let ter.

3 | could tell from the big grin/laugh on his face that he was pleased about something.

4 She gave a polite smile/giggle of thanks when her boss congratulated her.

3

4

90

2

Uni t 6o Entertainment

Complete the spidergram with as many words as possible.

*ristorical

Fill in: review, trailer, foyer, plot, performance.

1 Before the main f i lm there was a . . . . . . . . for the fol lowino week,s f i lm.2 The by the "Times" cr i t ic was good.3 Let 's go to the 9 o'c lock . shal l we?4 We can meet in the . . . . . . . . i f you l ike.5 The . . . . . . was ra ther du l l and un imaq ina t ive .

Underline the correct word.

1 The conductor and the orchestra/band bowed at the end of the concert.2 Beethoven was a musician/composer.3 We haven't seen this group on stage/theatre.4 The spectators/audience listened in silence.5 The viewers/fans screamed wildly when the band started singing6 We've always wanted to hear them live/alive in concert.7 Their new CD is in the peak/top ten.8 we couldn't hear the lyrics/plot very well, but we were glad to be at this concert

Cross the odd one out.

3

41 staL blockbuster, fi lm, direct2 audience, f i lm, website, applause3 sequel, album, track, song4 subt i t les, dubbed, plot. Engl ish

5

6

theatre, cinema, cafe, crowdconcert hall, comedy, musicalband

cast, director, alien, film

performance,

9 1

|.,!nit 7. Work

1 Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the text below

. a p p l i e d f o r . i n t e r v i e w s . b e o f f e r e d a j o b . p r o m o t e d . s a c k e d . s e l f - e m p l o y e d . f r e e l a n c eo out of work . shi f twork r overt ime . employer . made redundant

I a m p r o u d t o s a y t h a t l h a v e n e v e r b e e n l ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f r o m a n y j o b , b u t l w a s 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . j u s t o v e r a y e a r

ago, even though I had recent ly been 3) . . . . . . . to senior edi tor. After that, lwas 4) . for about

six months and in that t ime I must have 5) . . . . hundreds of jobs and gone for dozens of 6) . .

I was beginning to think I would never 7) . . . again, even though I am quite prepared to do 8)

and as much 9) , . . . . . 0s an 10) . . . . . . . cou ld poss ib ly ask . Then my luck changed. A f r iend to ld me

about a course for 11) . . . . wr i ters Surpr is ingly, the thought of working for myself had never crossed my

mind. but I decided that being 12) might not be such a bad idea, after al l 5o far, things are going

ou i te we l l .

2 Choose the correct answer A, B or C.

1 Vivian isn' t at home tonight; she's working the

n i g h t . . . . . .

A overtime

Why don't you apply for this job? You have got

very good computer

A degree B l icence C ski l ls

Jason wants to pursue a . . . . . . in advert is ing

A career B job C profession

4 Although my job isn' t very wel l -paid. i t 's very

. . . . . . . . . ; I learn someth ing new every day

A sat isf ied B chal lenging C repet i t ive

5 You can t rus t her comple te ly ;she 's very . . . . . . . . . . .

A rel iable B dedicated C oatient

Mike works fo r a pub l i sh ing . . . . . . . . .

A business B industry C companlf

S h e f i n d s h e r j o b v e r y . . . . . ; a l l s h e d o e s i s

answer the phone and type a couple of letters

every oay

A stressful B boring

8 F r a n k i s a l a w y e r ; h e . . . . . . . .

A earns B gains

B shif i C hours

C creative

quite a lot of money

C wins

3 Complete the sentences with a word derived from the words in brackets.

1 This art ist must be very good; his work is qui te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( impress)

2 She writes the script for a TV series; it 's a very .. job. (create)

3 l t wasn't very . . . . . of you to quit your job. (sense)

4 She's a volunteer for the Red Cross. lsn't that .? (interest)

5 l w o n ' t a p p l y f o r t h i s j o b b e c a u s e l ' m n o t a t a l l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i n t h i s k i n d o f w o r k . ( i n t e r e s t )

6 Be very how you reply to this e-mail; these are very good clients. (care)

7 Why don't you talk to Harry about this business idea of yours? He's completely . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 She works for an environmental organisat ion They do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . work there. (amaze)

92

Unit 8. CrimeComplete the sentences with derivatives of the words in brackets.

1 when stuart went home last night, he found a in his f lat. (burgle)2 Thenumbero f . . . . . . . . i n thene ighbourhoodhasgonedownthepas tcoup leo fyea rs . (mug)3 The men are guil ty of at least ten bank (rob)4 The family are wait ing for a cal l from their son's .. . . . . . . . . . . (kidnap)5 . . . . . . . . . . . wil l be immediately arrested. (shopli f t ing)6 Be careful in this neighbourhood; young children are usually . (pickpocket)7 He ran af ter the. . . . . . . . : . but d idn ' t manageto catch h im. ( thef t )

Use the words in the list to complete the spider grams.

ow i tness rba r r i s te r ode tec t i ve .secu r i t ygua rd . j u ro r .mugger o th ie f obu rg la r o judge. bank robber o offender r oolice officer

3 Match the phrases in Column A to the phrases in Column B.

2

A B

to ten years in prison

with blank robbery

cnarges

gui l ty

under arrest

the law

before the judge

in court

mmtETtttm

pressbreakfoundappearpracebe sentencedbe chargedbe brought

a

b

c

d

e

f

Ih

4 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1 The pol ice arrested him dr iv ing without a l icence.2 He was charged receiving stolen goods.3 The men were accused. . . . . . . . . . . . . . the f t .4 They were convicted a serious crime and sent to prison.5 The judge sentenced them 10 years in pr ison.

93

11, .: * l' '": 1.. ;

L!nit 9

' Animal Sounds

Match the animals to the sounds.

miarrw

Wffibdeneigh

fo*ss

. Collective

2 Put a tick (/) in the boxes to match the collective nouns to the animals.

co lony

scnool

flock

herdpacK

troop

swarmpr ide

' Weather sounds

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 We sat in the tent listening to the gentle patter/clatter of raindrops on the canvas.

2 The sky grew dark and in the distance there was a mutter/rumble of thunder.

3 The wind howled/murmured al l night. making i t di f f icul t for us to sleep.

4 The l ightening struck the ground and was immediately fol lowed by the sudden clap/f lash of thunder

fusa** BOAB

f / ' " lffiu;-

.t:

. . r .

94

Uni t 10. Cooking MethodsChoose the correct word to complete each sentence.

. f ry .s team o boi l .s immer r roast . bake . poach . gr i l l

vegetables taste better and contain more vitamins than veqetables that have beenwarer.

tn

Eggs are often . . . . . . . . . . . . in a l i t t le fat , but theytaste just as good i f they are in water.You can . . . the potatoes in the oven with a l i t t le oi l , but i t is healthier i f you leave out the oi l andJ U S t . . . . . . . . . . . . t h e m .Fish is delicious if you it over charcoal, but you have to be careful it does not burn.A good s tew shou ld never bo i l , the l iqu id shou ld jus t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gen t ly .

23

2

4

5

o Meals

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

. main course . side dish . dessert o starter . snack

I don't have t ime for a proper lunch; I normally just have a quickWould you l ike meat or f ish foryour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?I don't l ike .. . . . . . . . that are verv sweet.A fresh green salad makes a good to go with this meat.we weren't very hungry, so we decided not to have a ... to beqin the meal.

12345

. Sports

3 Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 That football club suffered their heaviest failure/defeat ever last week They lost 15-012 l'm sure she will beat/win, she's much faster than any of the others.3 I l ike to play a game/competi t ion of tennis whenever I can.4 The umpire/referee stopped the fight when one of the boxers was injured.5 Last night's football match/contest was so exciting that I was on the edge of my seat most of the time6 They have some very good spectators/players and so I think they will be the champions this season7 We're looking for people to make up a crowd/team for cricket this Saturday. Are you interested in playing?

95

Uni t 1) Present simple - Present continuous

I Complete the exchanges below with thecorrect form of the verbs in brackets.

3

1 A :

B :

2 A :

B :

3 A :

B :

4 A :

B :

5 A :

B :

6 A :

B :

7 A'.

Where . . . . . . . . (you /go)?

To the cinema. (you/want)

to come?

Where . . (be) your neighbour?

She's away on a business tr ip. I( look) after her garden at the moment.

How often

to the hairdresser's?

About once every two months.

why .(you/smell) the flowers?

T h e y . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( s m e l l ) b e a u t i f u l .

W h e r e . . . . . ( L u k e / w o r k ) ?

At a bank down town. He(work) as a clerk.

(you/go) on holiday?

Yes, | . . . . . . . . . ( f ly) to London

tomorrow mornrng.

W h a t t i m e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( t h e

train/leave)?

At quarter past eight.

Have you got any plans for tonight?

Y e s , | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( s e e ) M i k e .

Care to join us? 5

B :8 A :

B :

2

I Present pertect simple - Presentperfect continuous

Complete the questions as in the example.Then, answer them about yourself.

1 HaveyaueverbeentoParis? (be to Paris)Yes, I have. / No, I've never been ta Paris.

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bungee jump ing? (go )

anybody famous? (meet)

Use the phrases to make sentences, as in theexample.

they/walk/two hours

They have been walking far twa hours.

she/do the gardening/this morning

3 they/send e-mails/morning

4 he/work ouVtwentv minutes

4 Underline the correct form of the verb.

1 Jude has been working/has worked in thegarden for the past two hours.

2 Have you had/Have you been having dinneryet?

3 Jane has visited/has been visiting Portugal

before.

Fiona has been reading/has read this book

since last summer!

James has studied/has been studying law

He now works for a big law firm.

6 Have you ever eaten/been eating caviar? lt 's

del ic ious !

Fill in: never, let, for, since, ever, olready, just.

1234

Paula has had dinner.

Helen has been to Austral ia.

I haven't finished the project

We have been wa i t ing here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . over an

hour.

Owen has l ived abroad . . .2004.

Has David had Chinese food?

Kate has lef t the bui lding You

might catch up with her i f you hurry

5

6

7

96

sushi? (try)

Unit 22 Modal Verbs

Underline the correct item.

1 A: The wolf in that cage looks hungry. l ' l l g ivehim something to eat.

B: No! You mustn't/don't have to feed theanimals l t 's not al lowed.

2 A: Your dog has been barking for ages. Can'tyou do something to keep him quiet?

B: l t 's t ime for his walk. I must/should takehim to the park

3 A: l 'm go ing h ik ing in the Nat iona l park a t theweekend.

I Will/Going to

Fill in the correct form (begoingtoorwill)of theverbs in brackets.

1 A: Why are you dressed in this sui t?B : B e c a u s e I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( m e e t ) M r

Sul l ivan in an hour.A: What are your plans for the summer?B: We (spend) August

In our cottage.

A: ls Ann here?B: Yes, she is. I . . . . . . . (get) her

for you

4 A: l 'm thirsty.

B : I (make) you anorange jutce.

5 A: Why are you turning on the radio?B: | (listen) to the news.

6 A: I don' t know how to use this blender.B: | . . . . (show) you.

7 A: lt 's too hot in here

B: | . . . . . . . . . . (open) thewindoru '_

8 A: What are all these eggs for?B: I .. ... (make) an omelette.

) Future continuous - Future perfect

Put the verbs in brackets into the correcttense.

3

B :4 A .

B :5 A :

B :6 A :

B :7 A .

B :8 A :

You ought to/must wear good hiking boots.My son would real ly l ike a pet.

You have to/should get him a puppy.Didn' t you see the sign? You don't haveto/mustn't throw rubbish hereOh? Sorry. I didn' t see the sign.Don't forget to water the plants whi le I amaway on hol iday.

Must/Should I water them every day?I think that governments ought to/haveto do more to protect the rainforestsI absolutely agree.I l ike zoos but i t 's a pi ty the animals are in

4

2

cages.

B: Yes. They must/should be l iv ing in theirnatural habitat

Write what you must/mustnt do at the zoo.

1 feed the animals (X)

2 pet the tigers (X)

3 obey the zoo keepers (/)

4 keep quiet ( / )

5 cl imb into animals' cages (X)

Do you think you

oy runcn i

I th ink so

(finish)

(you/see)Tom tomorrow?

B: I don' t know yet.

A: What . . . . . . (you/do) thist ime next week?

B: | . . . . . . . . . . (sw im) in the sea.

1 A :

B :

2 A .

4 A :, B :

5 A :

Shall we meet tomorrow?Sure but after 6 o'c lock. I(do) the shopping by then.By the end of this year, | .(save) f1006 use a camera flash (rv)

B: Wel l done.

97

Unit 3) Past simple - Past continuous

I Put the verbs in brackets into the past simpleor the past continuous.

1 A (you/feel) the earthquake

last night?

B: Yes. I (take) a shower

when i t (happen)

A: Why is George so sad?

B : H e

yesterday when somebody(crash) into him from the back.

A: I 'm meeting Susan later on.

B: I know. She (cal l ) me earl ier

while | (get) ready to come here.

What is Fiona so exci ted about?

She . . . . . . . . (wa lk ) down the

street when she . . . . . . ( run) into

her favourite actor.

How .. . . . . (you/f ind) out about

this package hol iday?

| . . . . . . ( leaf l through a magazine

when I . . . . . . . . . (come) across an ad .

Why is the plane delayed?

T h e y . . . . . . .

passengers for a cr iminal whi le he(go) through passport control .

B :

9 A :

B : He

they

(have) dinner when(r ing) from work and he(have) to leave urgently

10 A: Why is Dave so upset?

B: He . . . . . . . . . (work ) on h is computer

when it suddenly (switch) itself

of f so he . . . . . . . ( lose) al l h iswork.

A: What's wrong with Mike's foot? 3B: He . . (spra in) h is ank le whi le

he . . . . . . . . . (c l imb) up the s ta i rs .8 A: What (you/do)

yesterday at 6 o'clock in the afternoon?

L. . . . . . . . . . . (watch) TV wh i le Ann

. (cook).

Where's John?

) Post perfect - Past perfectcontinuous

Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfectcontinuous.

1 Maggie's feet were sore. She had been uralking(walk) for an hour.

2 John was very t i red. He

. . (work) on his laptop for hours.

3 Jackie looked very happy She(p lay) in the sand a l l morn ing .

Tim and Faye were lost They

. (drive) in circles for an hour.

We went

there. She

to Ann's house but she wasn't

6 | asked Lvnn if she wanted to eat

(go) out

something

b u t s h e w a s n ' t h u n g r y . S h e . . . . . . .(just/have) lunch.

7 When we reached the airport we realised we

.. . . ( leave) our t ickets at

home

8 We (play) football for an

hour when i t started raining.

9 He went to the doctor yesterday because he

. .. (not/feel) well.

10 l t was quiet when she got home. The chi ldren(go) to bed.

a. Read the sentences and replace used to withwould where possible.

1 This house used to have a beautiful qarden

full of red roses.When we were young. we used to go to the

beach house everv summer

3 My grandmother always used to help me with

my maths homework.

4 My father used to have a red sports car when

ne was young

5 Diane used to work as a secretary before she

started her own business.

b. What did you use to do five years ago,Write sentences.

I used to go to bed early.I didn't use to have long hair.

2

4 A "

B :

5 A :

B :

6 A :

B .

98

Unit 4I ReportedSpeech

Turn these sentences into reported speech.

1 'This is the best report card my teacher hasever gtven mel 'Jack told his parents.

'Where is the lecture taking place thisa f te rnoon? 'Ann sa id .

' l couldn' t answer any of the problems on theMaths paper, ' said Penny.

'Miss Smith was correct ing exam papers ayesterday evening, ' said Jonathan

'Do you want to join the photography Clubwith me?' Pat said to me.

2 Complete the sentences below with thecorrect form of say or tell.

1 Diana me to f in ish typing the let tersbefore lwent home

2 'That Chemistry experiment is quite easy,, theteacher

3 H e . . . . . . . . t o m e t h a t h e h a d f o u n d a q r e a tjob in Paris

4 Shauna that she wanted to leaveuniversi ty and get a job.

5 Chris . . . . . . us a great story last night.

Use the correct form of the verbs in the box toreport the statements below.

. explain . promise . order . deny r suggest

1 'Of course I didn' t cheat in the test! ' she said

'Open your bag, now,' the detective said toner.

3 'Turn over your papers and start writing,' saidthe examiner

3

' l appl ied for the computer course at thecol lege, ' said Tom.

'Can I copy your Science notes, please?' Suesa id .

'Michael. you are not paying enoughattent ion in class, ' said Mrs Jones.

' l had f inished al l my homework before myfr iend came to vis i t . ' said Sandra.

'Have you seen our new teacher yet?' Johnsaid to me.

'Why don't we meet later?' said Monica.

'Don't worry, I won't tell anyone your secret,'he sa id .

Write the reported sentences in direct speech.

1 The teacher said that they would have to oo atest the following week.

Lynn said that she had never seen such adifficult exam paper.

Gayle promised to help June with her Historyhomework.

The teacher asked me i f I had f inished al l myhomework

4

5

4

1 0

5 He asked i f he could open the window.

99

5

6

Unit 5I Relotive Clauses

Choose the correct item.

Paula was real ly angry when she saw the

damage which/who the dog had done.

Sharon is the girl who/whose party we went

to last night.

Halloween is a festival in that/which everyone

dresses up as a ghost or a witch

People who/which write novels are called

authors.

That is the church when/where he got married

My mother remembers a t ime when/who

there were no supermarkets.

I would l ike to dress up in a costume

who/which is really scary for Halleween

Does anvone know whose/who mask this is?

Fill in the correct relativepronoun, then putcommas where necessary.

1 Dragons have big claws and wingsare terrifu inq creatures.The man . . was driving the car was

speaking on his mobi le phone when he

crashed.

S t u d e n t s . . . . . . . h a v e j o i n e d t h e u n i v e r s i t ,

this year must register at the Accommodation

Office before 12 pm

Carol ine brother was in my class

became a doctor

The car is parked outside our

house is Tony's

Join the sentences below using which, that, whoor whose.

1 John is a teacher. He is verv patient.

That is the book. lt has lots of information

about myth ical creatures.

3 That woman is an art ist . Her house is on our

street.

4 Hal loween is a fest ival . l t is great fun

Stephen King is a wri ter His books are quite

fr ightening.

I Comparatives and Superlatives

Fil l in the gaps with the appropriate form ofthe comparative or the superlative.

4

... (scary) of creatures

see the other f i lm. l t 's a lot

. . . ( funny) this one

3 Miche l le i s . . . . .(pol i te) Joan

4 T e m p e r a t u r e s a r e g e t t i n g . . . . . a n d(hot)

Rachel is a lot . . . . ( thin)

her fr iend Sarah.

P a u l c a n r u n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( f a s t )

Bob.

H e r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( f r i e n d l y )

his brother.

She swims (wel l ) me.

T h i s i s . . . ( e x p e n s i v e ) d r e s s

of a l l

Ann is . . . . ( intel l igent) studentin the class.

5 Choose the correct item.

Patricia is twice as cleverer/clever as Carol.

It 's getting colder/coldest and colder. Let's

l ight the f i re.

I get burned very easi ly in the sun because my

skin is fairest/fairer than yours.

Sandy has the best/good voice of al l the

singers in the musical .

The faster /fastest we drive the faster we willqet there.

1 Dragons are

2 Let's go and

2

1 0

8o

1

2

3

1 0 0

Unit 6I Articles

Complete the exchanges with a, an or thewhere necessary.

1 A: Mike sent me . . . . . . . text message earl ier

B: Real ly? So, you know about party

on Saturday?

2 A: Why don ' t you send me . . . . . . . . . e -mai l w i th

information from home?B: Wel l , computer a t . . . . . . . . home is

broken. l ' l l send i t f iom . . . . . . . work .

3 A : I bought . . . . . . . new mob i le phone.

B: Real ly? Did you get one I told you

about?

4 A: Was . . . Kate at meeting this

morn ing?

B: Yes, she was She gave . . . . . . presentat ion

of her new project.

5 A : We went to . . . . . . . . . c inema las t n igh t to

watch . . . . . . f i lm.

B :

6 A :

B :

What was . . . . t i t le of . . . . . . . . . f i lm you saw?

I don' t l ike . . . westerns at al l .Are you serious? Haven't you everwatched f i lm The Magnif icent

Seven? l t ' s one o f . . . . . . . . . bes t f i lms ever !

) Quontifiers

Choose the correct answer A, B or C.

1 There are . . . . . th ings I want to ask you

A a l i t t l e B a f e w C a l l

2 There were . . . people at the cinema lastn igh t .

A many B l i t t le C a lot of

3 Damien has invi ted neonle from the

office

A several B alot C l i t t le

4 Can I borrow money from you? l 'm

brokel

A a l i t t le B a few C much

5 How directors have worked together

on th is f i lm?

A few B much C many

6 This company gives a laptop to . . . one ofits executives

A any B every C al l

) Adverbs

Make complete sentences.

1 They / two films / last night / watched / at thectnema

2 Cal l / quickly / her /on her mobi le / back

Tom / in his room / reading / was si t t ing /quiet ly / comics

4 She / after dinner / in a hurrv / immediatelv / left

5 She / all day / at the office/ has been working

6 After that call / confused / he / totallv /v,,,as

3

4

2

5

) QuestionsTags

Complete the question tags.

1 This is a n ice song, . . . . . . . . . .2 You've got a cal3 Come here,

4 Dave hasn't had lunch yet,

5 l 'm r ight about this,

6 The pol ice caught the bank robbers,7 Helen wi l l study abroad,

8 Jane works at a bank,

) Reflexive Pronouns

Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun.

1 M a r i o n l o o k e d a t . . . . . . . . . . . . . i n t h e m i r r o r .2 Mike did the Maths homework al l by . .3 Behave when you are in the l ibrary.

4 Chi ldren, help . to some pizza.

5 We bought this country house for6 lan and Mary taught how to play

the gurtar.

7 Don't touch this, i t 's hot You' l l burn

8 He claims to have met the President of the

U S A . .1 0 1

Unit 7) Conditionals

1 Complete the sentences using the correct formof the verb in brackets.

42I

1 l f the alarm clock had gone off , I(not/be) late for the meeting

l f you apply for the job, they(call) you for an interview.

l f he . . . . . . . . . . ( l i ke ) h is job , he wou ldn ' tlook for a new one.l f Kate earned more money, she . . . . .(buy) her own flat.l f Jack . . . . . . . . . . . (a r r i ve) la te a t theoffice, he'll miss the beginning of the meetingUnless he prepares very well for this exam, he

. . . (pass) i t .They wouldn' t have lef t i f he

rr r*.,eu;, ; lt"l ::',"ir::l',I,to her.

9 l f | ( f ind) a job in Lonoon,I would move there right away.

1o :n" f:o'o

n::'n"i"n ]ni,"*,""r n ,

Make conditional sentences, as in the example.

1 Mary doesn't have enough money so shecan't buy a new car. lf Maryharlenough ficnel4she wauld buy a {tevl {ar.

2 Kate wasn't very careful. That's why she hadthe car accident.

3 Jane is i l l , so she can' t come to the party

lan didn' t get your message. That 's why hed idn ' t ca l l you .

Nigel doesn't have any money, so he can' t go

away on hol iday.

) Wishes

3 What does each person wish?' l I haven't got enough money.

lwish lhed enaugh mcney.2 Please stop playing the music that loudly

3 I didn' t know you were in hospital .

4 l 've eaten too much. Now I feel sick

5 | shouldn' t have painted the room yel low.

6 | can't afford this watch.

7 | don't have a computer.

8 | shouldn' t have l ied to her

9 | haven't got any fr iends

10 Oh no l l t ' s ra in ing aga in

) Clouses of purpose

Choose the correct answer A, B or C.

1 S h e c a l l e d m e . . . . . . .

A so that she B to

invite me to her party.

C for

2 She asked for a meeting

asking for a raise

C with a view to

with her manager

A so that she B with a view toC in order to

3 Cel ia worked al l night f in ish the reportA so as to B in order C so that sne

4 Dave rang earlier see how you weredo ing

A so that he B to

Nina is working some extra hours this monthearn some more monev for her

summer hol iday.

A in order to B so as

102

C with a view to

Uni t 8) The Passive

I Complete the exchanges using the correctpassive form of the verbs in brackets.

1 A: Have the oolice talked to the witnessesyet?

Yes, they (question)

yesreroay.

Are there any suspects?

One man dressed in black

. . . (see) near the scene of cr imeA: Bank robbers should

(send) to prison for years.B: I absolutely agree.

4 A: Mrs Peters' flat

3 The doctor took Mr White's blood oressure.

She wi l l ask someone to

system in her house

instal l an alarm

B :

2 A

B :

B :

5 A :

D .D .

6 A :

(break into) last night

Oh, no ! How dreadfu l !

A burglar alarm system(already/install) in the flat

That's great 4

The bank robbery(record) on the CCTV cameras

B: Real ly? Then. the bank robber . . . . . .

. (arrest) sooner or later.

Fill in by or with.

1 The door was opened . . . . . . . . . . . a key

2 This music was wri t ten a famous

composer.

3 The witnesses were interviewed . . . . threepolice officers.

4 The window had been broken aheavy object.

5 The pol ice car was shot at therobbers.

6 The bui lding is watched securi tyguards round the clock.

I Causativeform

Rewrite the sentences in the causative form,

1 Mum combs Susan's hair every day.

5 Jack was cleaning the pool for Tom

Kate and Frank hired a professional toorganise their wedding recept ion

7 The hairdresser wi l l cut Helen's hair tomorrow.

8 The mechanic has serviced Paul 's motorbike

9 The tai lor is makinq a sui t for Tom.

10 The baker made Nancv's bir thdav cake.

I Clauses of Result

Join the sentences using so/such... thof, as inthe example.

1 The damage at the bank was big. lt had to

close down for a couple of days.2 The noise was very loud We all woke up3 The area was very noisy. We decided to move4 This man is very r ich. He has his own yacht.

5 He is very young He can' t dr ive a car

) Determiners

Underl ine the correct i tem.

1 You can neither/either come with us or stayat home.

2 None/Neither of us l ikes horror f i lms.3 Every/Al l house in the neighbourhood has

got a burglar alarm system.4 Either/Neither you tell me what you know or

I will have you arrested.5 The police officer gave each/all witness some

mug shots to look at.

2

5

3

1 0 3

2 The nurse is bandaqing his leg.

Unit 9) Modals

Choose the correct item.

ls this Mary?

No, it musVcan't be her. Mary has got

blonde hair .

ls John here yet?

No. he isn't. He may/can't have stayedlate at the office.l 'm in te r r ib le pa in .

You must/can't have broken your leg.The phone's r inging. Who could i t be atth is hour?

B: l t can' t /must be Jane. She said she'd cal lat around twelve

5 A: I don' t have enough money to pay myrent.

B: Why don't you ask Luke? He may/can'tlend you some money.

6 A: I 've got a terr ible headache.B: You should/have to take an aspir in

7 A: MusVCan we take photographs inside themuseum?

l 'm afraid not

You mustn't/don't have to do that againI 'm sorry

We can't/have to be at the station at1 0 : 3 0 a m .

B: You're r ight. The bus leaves at 1 1.A: May/Should I borrow your pen?

B: Sure . Go ahead 3A: Could/Must I talk to Mr Jones?B: l 'm afraid he isn' t in his off ice.A: Should/Can I have a sandwich, please?

B: Sure Help yourself .

A: This musVcan't be true. You are ly ing.B: No, l 'm no t .

A: I feel really tired.

B: You have to/should have a rest.A: Is this your pen?

B: No, i t can'Vmust be John's.

Rewrite the sentences. Use must, con't,may/might.

l 'm sure they have caught a lot of f ishThey must have caught a lat af fish.

Maybe he's late for a meeting

3 He looks very upset

4 Maybe he's made a mistake

5 I think he has hurt his back

6 l'm sure he's very tired.

Perhaps Owen

summer.

go to Spain for the

8 l t 's possible that Kate and Fiona have alreadyseen the f i lm.

9 Maybe Rita wi l l qui t her job at the end of themonth

It's possible that Bob has moved to the Statesfor good.

11 l 'm sure Susan hasn ' t l i ed to vou.

12 Perhaps they wi l l jo in us tonight.

Look at thepicture. Use theprompts to makeas many logicalassumptions aspossible.

a

a

a

r nmnr r f a r l

crashlose/databe/stressedbe wil l ing/worK longerplay/computer

9ames

2

B:

A:B :

A:

B :

A:

1 0B :

A:

B :

1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

104

1 5

Uni t 10) (to)infi nitive/-ing form

Complete the exchanges with the correct formof the verb in brackets.

A: I love . . . . . ( l isten) to rock music.B : Me too ! I look fo rward to . . . . . . . . . .

(go) to the Depeche Mode open airconcert next weekl Are you coming?

A: No. l 'm afraid I can' t . . . . . . (af ford)to pay for the ticket

A: Wou ld you l i ke . . . . . . . (come) to anart exhibi t ion with me tomorrow?

B: Sure l Thanks fo r . . . . . . . (ask) me.A: Nigel t r ied (kick) the bal l

but he missed

What did you expect? He's too young(play) football.

I have decided . . . . . . . . . ( take) up jogging.

Good idea. But what 's the use o f . . . . . . . . .. (work) out if you don't go on a

diet as wel l?

I 'm having di f f icul ty . . . (meet)the deadl ine.

Why don ' t you ask your superv isor . . . . . . . . . .(give) you an extension?

l ' l l never forget . . . (v is i t ) MadridI regret(noVjoin) you

A: The chi ldren should be in bed. They aren,tal lowed . . . . . . . . (stay)up so late

B: I know but they refuse . . .(go) to bed !

A: I hate . . .. . (work out) in the gymprefer . . . . . . . . . . (exercise) alone at home.

B: Don't you f ind i t bor ing? | don,t mind(go) to the gym as long as it

isn't crowded

ls Ann here?Yes. l can hear her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ta lk )on the phone.

What did you do yesterday afternoon?My mum made me . . . . . ( t idy)my room.

11 A: Why don't you ask Jim(help) you?

B: There's no point in . . . .He'll just say no

. . . . (ask) him

12 A: What's wrong with you?B: My parents won't let me

(go) to the performance on Friday night.A: Are you doing anything tonight?B: Jess suggested . (eat) out.A: ls John here?B: No, he has gone 0og)A: What are you doing this afternoon?B: I may . . . . (v is i t ) my

grandparents.

Complete the sentences with the correctinfinitive tense.

1 There's Diane. She seems(look) for a taxi.

2 Kate claims (win) a beaurycontest when she was eighteen.

3 lan tends . . (stay) at homeat the weekends.

4 She appears ( lose) a lot of weight.5 He is believed . (be) the best

basketbal l player of his t ime6 The team seems (train) hard

for the games next month.

Fill in the gaps with wouldrather, prefer(s),would prefer, had better.

1 | . . . . . . . . take up tenn is than takeup squasn.

2 J im . . . . . . go ing swimming to go ing joggrng3 Lesley . . . . . . . . . . to go out on weekdays

rather than on Saturdays.4 Kate . . . . go on a d ie t in tne

summer than in the winter.5 Cathy . avoid eat ing junk food

or she' l l gain a Iot of weight.6 He len . . . . . . . have jus t a sa lad now

than have pasta.

7 You . .. . .. try the dress on beforeyou buy i t . t t might not f i t you.

8 We usua l ly . . . . . to go to tnecrnema to staying in.

1 3

1 4

1 5

2B :

4 A :

B :

5 A :

B :

6 A :

B :

3

9 A :

B :

1 0 A :

B :

1 0 5

l rregular Verbs

l .i reeo

feelfiqhtf indfleeflvforbidforgetforgivefreezegetgtve

9o9rownanghavenearhidehi tholdh urtkeepknowlayleadlearnieavelendlet

wa5borebeat0ecamebeganbi tbleworoKebroughtbui l tburnt (burned)OU TSI

boughtcout0ca u9 nrchosecamecostcutdealtqu9

did

0ranK0roveatefellfedfeltfoughtfoundfledflewforbadeforgotforgavefrozegot

9avewentgrewhung (hanged)hadnear0h idhi theldhur tkeptknewlaidledlearnt (learned)leftlentlet

beenborn(e)beatenoecomebegunbittenblownbrokenbroughtbui l tburnt (burned)0u rStbought(been able to)cau9nrchosencomecostcutdealtougdone

OTUNK

driveneatenfa l lenfedfeltfoughtfoundfledflownforbiddenforgottenforgivenfrozengotgrven

9onegrownhung (hanged)na0nearohiddenhi theldhur tkeptknownla idteolearnt (learned)leftlentlet

dreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed)

L sewshakesh ineshootshow5n utsr ngsr tsteepsmel lspeakspel lspenospl i tspreadspnngsta ndSreatstickst ingS I I N K

stri keSWearsweepSWtmIAKC

teachteartel It h i nkthrowu ndersta n dwakewearwrnwrite

layi lr

lost

ma0e

meant

metpa id

purreadrooerangroseransaid5awsoughtsoldsentsetsewedSNOOK

shoneshotshowedsh utsang- - +) d L

sleptsmel t (smel led)spokespelt (spelled)spentspilrspreaosprangstoo0stolestuckstungstankstruckSWOresweprSWAM

tookta ughttoreto ldthoughtthrewunderstoodwokeworewonwrote

la rnt i tlostmademeantmetpaidputreadriddenrungIsenrunsa rdseensoug ht50lo

sentsetSewnshakenshoneshotshownsh utsu ngJ d t

sleptsmel t (smel led)spokenspelt (spelled)spenrspl i tspreadsprungstoodsto lenstuckstungstu nkstruckSWOrnsweptSWUM

' takentaughttornto ldthoughtthrownunderstoodwokenwornwonWTII ICN

-x

1 0 6

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p.9)

Charlotte: The party was great yesterday, wasn't it?Lynn:Yes, I really enjoyed it. The music was fantastic and thefood was excellent!Charlotte: The people were interesting too. lan introduced meto Laura Singer, Did you meet her?[ynn; No, I don't think so What does she jook l ike?Charlotte: She is short and slim, with dark biack hair andgreen eyesLynn: And what is she l ike?Charlotte: She's friendly, talkative and very interesting. She,stravelled to Africa, New Zealand and Antarctica[ynn: Really? That's so impressiveCharlotte: And that's not all In January she won the NationalWriting Competit ion and next September she is going toColumbia University to study Creative Writingllynn: Wow! l'd love to meet her tooCharlotte: Well, we're thinking of going to the cinematomorrow. Do you want to join us?Lynn:Sure, that'd be great!

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 17)

By now, most of us have heard of 'global warming' Indeed,whenever the weather seems to be unseasonably hot, cold,wet or dry, our newspapers are fi l led with terrible warningsabout global warming In her new book, Ihe Global Scare,Mary Plinkerton attempts to separate the facts from thefiction concerning climatic change.It is not an easy thing to do For instance, as plinkerton pointsout, while scientists generally agree that global temperaturesare rncreasing, experts are sti l l arguing about the causes of thisIncrease For example, there are scientists who believe globalwarming is just part of a natural cycle, pointing to temperaturechanges in centuries past to support their arguments Someeven go so far as to suggest that in the very near future theEarth wil l probably get a lot colder againWhat the experts are agreed on, according to plinkerton, is thefact that temperatures have already gone up by almost onedegree in the last hundred years and most of them agree thatthis trend wil l continue - at least in the immediate futureWhat nobody can be sure of is just how much highertemperatures wil l go At the moment the fear is that, if wedon't change our ways, then temperatures could rise by asmuch as five degrees in the next hundred years howeve4 asPlinkerton is careful to explain, these estimates wil l onlybecome more accurate as more information becomes available

Ta pescripts5o, what does Pi lk ington th ink we can do about i t?Unfortunately, this is where I found her book a bit of adisappointment . A lo t of the in format ion in th is chapter ofthe book is very technlcal and complicated, but here andthere she does have some common sense, and perhaps ratherobvious, suggestions As she says, we need to cut down onthe amount of energy we use and she argues that we can alldo this by turning electrical equipment off when we are notusing it and putting on a sweater when we feel cold, insteadof turn ing the heat ing up. Paying at tent ion to such s impledetails can save a remarkable amount of energyFinally, and this is the part of the book I found the mostfascinating, Plinkerton discusses the hidden energy costs ofthe food we eat lt seems that many food suppliers arecontributing to global warming because so much of the foodwe eat these days travels huge distances before it ends up onour tables When you think that a lot of this food istransported by air so that it reaches the supermarkets ln asfresh a condition as possible, then you can begin tounderstand the seriousness of the problem As plinkerton

says, we can all help reduce the amount of energy that iswasted if we only buy food that is produced locally. lt isfresher, healthier, probably cheaper, and if we all buy localproducts we wil l support our local farming communiil, aswell l 'm off to my local market right now Goodbye.

t -uNrr 3

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1b (p.25)

Sodie:Lucy, you look upset, is everything all r ight?Lucy:You won't believe what happened to me this morning. Ispent an hour on the phone trying to book my fl ight toEdinburgh

Sadie: And? What happened?lucy; Well to start with, the travel agent was eating while hewas talking and as if that wasn't enough, he kept saying howbusy he wasSodie; How rude!Lucy: And that's not all When I asked him about the Brit ishAirways half-price offer he said he hadn't heard about it.Sodie: Oh, nolLucy: I got so upset I nearly cried but I managed to stay calmSadie: So did you book the ticket?lucy: No, I didn't As the travel agent was making thebooking the computer broke down.Sadie: I can't believe it,[ucy; Neither can l!

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Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p.33)

Good af ternoon The Evening Col lege, how may I helpyou?

Good af ternoon, I was r inging to enquire about whatevenrng language courses you are running th is year .Well, we have a special offer on at the momentReally, what is it?lf you enrol on a language course today, you wil l receivea 20 pound d iscountThat's great What courses are on offer?This term you can choose f rom, French, l ta l ian, Spanish,Greek or even PortugueseWha t a cho i ce ! l t h i nk l ' l l go f o r Span i sh , t hough , as l 9oon hol iday to Spain a lo tThat's f ine lt 's a great course All our teachers are nativespeakers and they have at least four years teachingexperience So you are in good handsBr i l l iant Now, when do the lessons star t?Your f i rs t lesson wi l l be at the beginning of September,but we' l l ca l l you nearer the t ime to le t you know theexact date Then, after that you wil l have a lesson aweek, for 28 weeksI have a f r iend who might be in terested as wel l Whendoes she have to enrol by?She can enrol up unt i l the 31st of August , so there 'splenty of t ime left yetFantast ic l I th ink i t ' l l be a great chal lenge to learn a newlanguage l ' l l s ign up todaylOK, l ' l l take your deta i ls in a moment, but f i rs t le t megive you the enrolment hot l ine number for your f r iend,as you came through main recept ionThat's great. I have a pen and paper, so go aheadIt's 0-2-0-7 -2-2-4-0-7 -1-4 Have you got that?Yes, thanks very much Now what do you need toknow (fade out)

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 41)

Phil ip: Hi, Simon How are things?Simon: Great, Phil ip Thanks. lt was good to see you at

Paul 's par ty on Saturday!Philip: Yeah, it was a really cool party, wasn't it?Simon: Mm, i t was okay but i t wasn' t as good as J i l l 's fancy

dress party on SundayPhi l ip : Oh yeah? lcouldn ' t go on Sunday I hope J i l l 's not

mad at me

B:

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1 0 8

Simon: No, but you sure missed a good party We alldressed in fantastic costumes and the rTtustc wasgreat But what I l iked most was the ship.

Philip: The ship?Simon: Yeah, Jil l wanted to have a special atmosphere at

her par ty so she put a smal l p i rate ship in hergarden lt was awesome! Everybody was dancing onthe sh lp

Phil ip: Wow, sounds like you had a bri l l iant t ime I reallymissed out

Simon: You can' t imagine! But , don' t worry J i l l 's organiz inganother one for her b i r thday in July

Phil ip: Greatl l 'm not going to miss that one Not for thewor ld!

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. a9)

Boy: Lucy, have you already decided what to buy Dad for hisbirthday?

Glr l : No, lhaven' t Iam st i l l th ink ing of what to buy, ThisyearI want to get h im something real ly unusual Have yougot any ideas?

Boy; Actually, I was online the other day and I saw a coolwebsi te that se l ls gadgets and g i f ts Maybe we couldbuy h im something together ,

Girl; Good thinking. What sorts of things were there?Boy: I remember there was a popcorn makerGir l : But Dad doesn' t real ly l ike popcorn a l l that muchlBoy: There was also a new type of phone, a 'Skype' phone

that you can use to make phone cal ls us ing the InternetGirl: Dad would l ike that idea l 'm sure - he's always

compla in ing about the phone b i l l ! ls i t expensive?Boy; Maybe we won't have enough money for that - you're

r ightGirl Anything equally useful but cheaper?Boy: Let me see Oh yes, I saw an iPod cassette deck

a0apterGrrf A what?Boy: An iPod cassette deck adapter lt means you can play

your iPod in a cassette playerGirl: You mean Dad could use it to l isten to music in his car?Boy: Yesl Just imagine - we would be able to l is ten to a

greater variety of stuff when we're out with Dad !Grrl: How much is it?Boy: Just over ten pounds, I thinkGlrl Excellent Let's go and check out that website!Boy: I lusl hope I can find it againGirl: Sureyou wil l l t 's not l ikeyou to get lost in cyberspacel

Taoescriots

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 57)

Iutor Good afternoon, everybody. I am delighted to be heretoday to talk to you about the nature photographycourses that I teach I would l ike to start by giving yousome idea of what you can expect to learn on theshort, four-week course, which is the most popularcourse that we offer.

As I said, the course lasts just four weeks and focuseson tak ing p ic tures of wi ld p lants, or perhaps I shoujdsay wild flowers, as it is the flowers which are theimportant part of any wild plant photography. For thatreason, we only run courses fr,om April unti l September- there simply aren't enough flowers in winterl Thisyear, the first course starts on the second of AprilThat's on a Monday, of course

The course is open to both amateur and professionalphotographers over the age of eighteen Although wehave run separate courses for amateurs andprofessionals in the past, we have found that mostpeople prefer a course where professionals andamateurs work and learn together I should a lso expla inthat the reason you have to be eighteen is in order touse our laborator ies

As far as equipment is concerned, we encouragepart rc tpants to use thei r own cameras as much aspossible Photographers feel at ease with their ownequipment and th is in turn means that you are morelikely to get good results Of course, we want you tolearn as much as you can, so the cost of h i r ing specia lequipment , when i t is needed, is inc luded in the coursefee of f200

The chance to use the la test photographic equipmentis not all you get for your f2O0! Besides tuit ion, the feealso includes the cost of transport to the parks andgardens where we do our field work please note thatthe fee does not include food or other refreshmentsWe leave it up to you to make your own eatingarrangements I should point out that excel lent ,reasonably-priced meals are available in the collegerestaurants and cafeterias Now I would l ike to t-rrieflvmention our new course . (fade)

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 65)

Voice of radio presenter: And now our top safety tips for newstudents at St George University

Voice of another radio presenter Staying safe is not rocketsc ience l t is a l l about common sense and fo l lowrng somebasic guidel ines:

Whether you share a flat or l ive on your own, make sure thatyou always lock the doors and close the windows when you

90 out

In halls of residence be careful who follows you into thebuilding Always lock your bedroom door, even when you arein another par t of the bui ld ingAfter a night out, don't walk home alone Stay over wrrnfriends, walk in groups or take a taxi lf you have to go backhome on your own make sure that you walk in wel l - l i t areasand carry a mobi le phone wi th you

Avoid us ing cash-machines at n ight

Keep your card deta i ls , p in numbers and cheque books in asafe place at home Do not carry them with you

Final ly , mark your property wi th your in i t ia ls and lD number. Incase your property is stolen, the police can identif iT it andreturn rt to you.

Remember that staying safe is simpleUse your common sense Don' t make yoursel f a v ic t im

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 73)

A: Hi F iona! You look happyB: Yes, l 've just booked a holiday l 'm going to Austria in

DecemberlA: A winter holiday?B: Yes. I thought I would try something different this year

Look - here's the brochure Doesn't it look fantastic?A: (Reading Brochure) 'Set in an attractive vil lage 762

metres h igh in the Hohe Tauern mounta in range Lookscharming, but won' t i t be cold?

B: I hear Austria enjoys a moderate continental climate -

the winters are general ly sunny wi th re l iab le andfrequent snowfalls, so great for skiing I

1 0 9

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What kind of facil i t ies does the resort have?Excellent There are over 200 kiiometres of ski runs andthey have a wide variety of activit ies on offer, l ike iceskat ing, tobogganing, s le igh r ides and l lama hikes!Wow! That sounds funl ls it really expensive?It depends whether you choose to stay in a hotel or aself-catering chalet I am going to stay in one of thehotels for a week With fl ights and accommodation itworks out at €530Does that inc lude meals?Not dinner There are many different kinds ofrestaurants in the resort and prices are reasonable - athree-course dinner costs anything from 12 EurosYou are sure to have a wonderful t ime I wish I could gowi th you!

Why don't you?

I guess l 'm more of a summer holiday person myself

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p.81)

Janet: I 'm so glad you came to visit Pictou this summer,Shei la . I just know we're going to have a great hol idayhere in my hometown.

Sheilq: I 'm sure we wil l, Janet ls there anything special goingon that you know of?

Janet: Oh, there's lots to do here in the summerSheila; Really Like what?Janet: Well, i t all depends on what your preferences are of

course but we can go swimming at the beach or trycatching f ish in the lake or . . .

Sheila; Hmmm, I'm sure we'l l do both, but to tell you thetruth, I really want to learn about the history and theculture of the area

Janet: Well, you've certainly come to the right place! Pictouhas an amazing h is tory and a l l P ic tonians are veryproud of thei r r ich cul ture And l just remembered thatnext week the Hector Festival gets underway.

Sheila: fhe Hector Festival? What's that?Janet: lt 's a five-day festival that's held once a year to

celebrate Pictou's Celtic heritage There's lots of greatevents Iike picnics, barbeques, dances and musicalevents Every year there are at least two terrif icconcerts in the oark.

Sheila: Wow! That all sounds very interesting. Why is thefestival called the Hector Festival?

Janet: Good question. Way back in 1773, the first Scottishsettlers arrived here in Pictou on a boat called the ShioHector and ever since 1987, we've been having thefestival to remember what those people achleved.This year,2006, should be the best festival ever as it 'scelebrating its 2Oth anniversary.

1 1 0

Sheila: So tell me more about the concerts.Janet: Oh, the concerts are fantastic! They're always held

outdoors and you can see lots of Scottish dancing andsinging. Oh, and of course you' l l hear lo ts of bagpipemus ic !

Sheila: Really! That wil l certainly be a new experience for meJanet: And probably one you'l l never forget as well. People

say you either love that kind of music or hate itSheila: Well, l 'm sure I 'm going to love it Are the entrance

fees expensive for the events?Janet: No, actually they're very reasonable. lf I remember

correctly, last year adult t ickets were about $27.50Shei/a: Aren't there special rates for students?Jonet: Yes, of course. As I recall students and seniors had to

pay about $25.50 for their t icketsSher7a: Well, that certainly sounds reasonable for such great

entertatnmentJonet: Yes, I agree and some of the events don't cost

anything (fade)