8 Unit 18 Unit 1

Unit 1 9Unit 1 9

Topics to explore:

A tall tale told by Tiny Tim:“There was a tigress named TanyaWho tickled Tiny Tim’s tummy.She tasted Tim’s toes,Then turned up her nose’Cause they didn’t taste too yummy.”You may think it’s a short tall tale,But it’s really a tiny tall tale!

heroes in American tall tales

elements in tall tales

lumberjacks and their tools

oral traditions

Spotlight on Reading

10 Unit 1

Spotlight on Reading

10 Unit 1

❖ Key Words

lumberjack

lengthwise

sled

axe

logs

downstream

mills

ox

giant

logjam

fi ddle

hero

Predicting

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. What does the title tell you about what will happen

in the story?

2. What clues does the picture give you about who

the story might be about?

3. What clues do the key words give you about the story?

Unit 1 11Unit 1 11

Ask any lumberjack, and you will hear the same thing. The biggest,

strongest lumberjack who ever cut down a tree was Paul Bunyan.

Paul Bunyan was born in Maine, way up in the northeast corner of

the United States. People say it took fi ve storks to carry Baby Paul to his

parents. Paul was born big, and he grew even bigger. When he was just

a few weeks old, Paul could fi t into his father’s clothes. His parents had

to milk ten cows to get enough milk for Baby Paul!

Written by Alexa CulpepperIllustrated by Emiliano Ordas

Paul Paul BunyanBunyan

12 Unit 112 Unit 112 Unit 1

Paul liked to play outside with his ball. He knocked down miles and

miles of forest chasing it. His parents decided they had to move to the West,

where there was more space for their son. Paul helped make the move easy.

First, he cut a big tree in half lengthwise. Then, he picked up the house and

set it on the two slices of tree. Next, Paul tied a rope around the house. He

used the rope to pull the house. The house slid over the ground like a sled.

Paul’s parents sat inside. They watched through a window as the country

passed by.

Unit 1 13UnUnUnitittit 111 1313113113Unit 1

When Paul grew up, he wanted to become a lumberjack. He made

himself a very large axe. Paul worked with other lumberjacks cutting down

trees. All the lumberjacks loved him. Every morning, he carried the men

out to the forest. People say that Paul could walk the two miles in just three

minutes. The men always remembered to thank Paul for his help.

The lumberjacks brought the logs to rivers and fl oated them

downstream to mills. At the mills, the logs were cut into boards. After Paul

Bunyan became a lumberjack, the mills had more logs than ever.

14 Unit 114 Unit 1

One winter it got so cold that everything turned blue. The trees were

blue. The fl ames in the fi replace froze and turned blue. Even the snow

was blue. One evening, Paul saw two little blue cones sticking up from the

snow. He reached down and grabbed them. He pulled hard, and out of the

snow popped a small blue ox! Paul brought the ox home to his cabin. He

warmed him by the fi re. But the ox stayed blue.

Unit 1 1515Unit 1

Paul took good care of the ox. He fed him and played with him. The ox

licked Paul and poked him with his horns. Paul decided to keep the ox.

He named him Babe the Blue Ox.

As I said, Paul was big. In fact, he was as big as a giant! Paul ate a lot,

but Babe ate just as much. Soon that ox outgrew Paul’s cabin. Then, Babe

outgrew the barn. Paul fi nally had a friend his own size.

16 Unit 116 Unit 1

One day, the lumberjacks noticed their logs were getting stuck in

the river. There were too many logs. They fl oated into one another and

couldn’t move. It was a real logjam.

The lumberjacks needed Paul. Their best climber went to the top of the

tallest tree. The tree was just about as tall as Paul. The climber tied a red

fl ag to the highest branch. It was a sign that the lumberjacks needed help.

When Paul and Babe saw the fl ag, they went to see what they could do.

Unit 1 1717Unit 1

Paul was surprised at the size of the logjam. Then, he had an idea.

Paul knew that Babe loved to dance. So he told every lumberjack to fi nd a

fi ddle to play or a pot to bang on. He led Babe into the river behind all the

logs. Next, he told the lumberjacks to play music. Babe swung his tail and

stomped his feet. The water splashed and moved. The logs loosened

up and fl oated downstream. Paul and Babe had cleared the great logjam!

The lumberjacks could not thank Paul enough.

18 Unit 118 Unit 1

I could tell you many more stories about Paul Bunyan and Babe the

Blue Ox. Some people say they scooped out the Grand Canyon. Others

claim that Paul made Minnesota’s ten thousand lakes by digging watering

holes for Babe. Yet others say that Paul made the Mississippi River.

I don’t know which stories are true and which are not. But they sure are

interesting to hear.

Unit 1 1919Unit 1

Everyone agrees that Paul made a lot of people smile. Everyone knows

there is no greater hero among the lumberjacks than Paul Bunyan.

Was he real? I can’t say for sure. When I think of all the stories about

him, one thing is certain. If someone made the Grand Canyon or the

Mississippi River, that person would have to be as big and as strong as

Paul Bunyan. That’s good enough for me.

20 Unit 120 Unit 1

Checking

A Choose the correct answer.

1. Paul Bunyan was the …

a. wisest, biggest animal lover who ever took care of a stork.

b. biggest, strongest lumberjack who ever cut down a tree.

c. shortest, kindest lumberjack who ever fed an ox.

d. most playful, funniest man who ever helped lumberjacks.

2. Paul Bunyan moved his parents’ house by …

a. pulling it like a sled.

b. carrying it in a backpack.

c. packing it in a wagon.

d. making it fl oat like a raft.

3. Paul Bunyan found Babe …

a. by calling his name very loud.

b. by smelling him from miles away.

c. by spotting his blue tail in the distance.

d. by spotting his blue horns in the snow.

4. Some people say that Paul Bunyan …

a. fi lled the Atlantic Ocean.

b. froze the North Pole.

c. scooped out the Grand Canyon.

d. created the White Mountains.

B Answer the Critical Thinking questions in complete sentences.

1. Explain how Babe’s dancing and splashing cleared the logjam.

2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Paul Bunyan’s size.

Unit 1 2121Unit 1

Paul was born in Maine,

and he grew big.

Summarizing

Use the graphic organizer below to create a Sequence graphic organizer,

to summarize events in Paul Bunyan’s life. Include important details

about each event.

Refl ecting

Paul Bunyan is a folk hero whose

actions are larger than life.

Do you think Paul Bunyan really

existed? Which of his actions

seem real? Which actions seem

exaggerated? Write a paragraph

to answer these questions.

Spotlight on Language

22 Unit 1

❖ Key WordsB Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. Where do you fi nd the gutters of a house?

2. When you take a quick look at something,

what do you do?

3. What do you do when the tip of your

pencil breaks ?

blizzard

glance

gutters

sharpen

Connecting

A Listen to this story about how Paul Bunyan met Babe.

Focusing

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. If Paul Bunyan sharpened the axes carefully, how did he do it?

2. When Paul Bunyan uncovered Babe in the snow, what did he do?

3. If you retell a folktale, what do you do?

4. What does it mean to say that stories about Paul Bunyan and Babe

are unbelievable?

5. If you add –ly to the end of the word slow, how will its

meaning change?

6. If you add re– to the beginning of the word play, how will its

meaning change?

7. If you add un– to the beginning of the word told, how will its

meaning change?

Applying

A Now think about the story from Babe’s point of view and discuss

the following questions.

1. What was Babe doing in the snow?

2. How did Babe get stuck?

3. How did Babe feel when

he saw Paul Bunyan?

4. What did Babe do when he

went to Paul Bunyan’s house?

B Write a story that Babe would tell about how

he met Paul Bunyan. Use words that have

extra letters before or after a familiar word.

It &was &a very

&cold &evening &when ...

Unit 1 23

24 Unit 1

Connecting

A Listen and read.

B Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. What do you call a place where a building will be erected?

2. What do you call the land on either side of a river?

3. What kind of wagons did the pioneers use to move to the West?

The lumberjacks’ day starts early. They wake up

at 5:00 in the morning. By 5:30, they are having

breakfast. Then, they are off to work in the woods.

Most of the time, they walk to work. If there is a lot

of snow on the ground, lumberjacks ride on

horse-drawn sleds. When they get to their work site

in the woods, they use their saws and axes to cut down trees. Then, they

saw the trees into logs. The horses help to drag the logs to a river. Each log

fl oats downstream to the mill. If the river freezes, the lumberjacks leave the

logs on the bank of the river until spring.

Lumberjacks take a break to eat lunch around noon. After eating, they

go back to work. They cut and saw more trees. They make even more logs

to move. When the sun goes down, the lumberjacks go back to camp. They

take off their wet work clothes and hang them up to dry. They also feed the

horses and put away their tools.

After dinner, some lumberjacks may sharpen their axes for the next day.

Others tell stories and play music and games. Bedtime is early because a

new day of hard work lies ahead.

Focusing

A Read the following sentences. Then, answer the questions.

A lumberjack cuts trees to make logs. Lumberjacks cut the logs with

saws and axes.

1. Does the fi rst sentence talk about one person or several persons?

2. Does the second sentence talk about one person or several persons?

3. How are the underlined words the same? How are they different?

B Choose the correct action word in parentheses to complete

each sentence.

1. Lumberjacks up early every morning. (wake/wakes)

2. The horse the logs to the river. (drag/drags)

3. The river in the winter. (freeze/freezes)

Applying

Write at least one paragraph that compares a day in the life of

a lumberjack with a typical day in your life. Underline all of the

actions that apply only to the lumberjack. Circle the actions that

apply only to you. Draw a

box around the actions that

apply to both you and

the lumberjack.

Unit 1 25

Lumberjacks &walk &to &work, &and I &ride &the &school &bus &to &school...

26 Unit 1

Connecting

A Read the passage.

Lumberjacks use special tools to cut down trees. In the early days,

lumberjacks used axes for most of their work. The axe was the earliest tool

for the job. The axe, however, is the most diffi cult tool to use. It requires

more strength than other tools.

Then, the saw was invented. It replaced the older axe as the most

popular tool of the trade. The saw was a faster way for the

lumberjacks to do their job. It required less strength than the axe.

A newer invention is the two-person crosscut saw. One person

holds one end of the saw. The other person holds the other

end. Together, they push and pull the saw through

the tree trunk. This saw cuts through trees faster

than the old saw. The job becomes easier.

The newest invention is the chain saw. It changed the way people cut

down trees. Chain saws use electricity or gasoline. The chain saw is the

most effi cient tool because a single person can work it. Of all the tools,

it requires the least strength to use. The chain saw cuts faster than the

earlier tools, too. It is the fastest and easiest tool for cutting down trees.

B Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. Which tools are compared in the passage?

2. Why is it easier to cut down a tree with a crosscut saw than with an axe?

3. Why is the chain saw the most effi cient tool for lumberjacks to use?

Applying

Imagine that Paul Bunyan is visiting the modern world for the fi rst

time and has seen the newest lumberjack tools. Interview Paul

Bunyan about his preferences for all the tools: the axe, the saw,

the crosscut saw, and the

chain saw. Write your

questions to ask and

also his possible answers.

Focusing

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. The chain saw cuts (fast/faster/fastest) than the crosscut saw.

2. People using crosscut saws have to work (hard/harder/hardest)

than people using chain saws.

3. The chain saw is a (new/newer/newest) invention than the

crosscut saw.

4. Using a chain saw is the (more/most) effi cient way to cut

down a tree.

5. The axe is the (old/older/oldest) of all the lumberjack tools.

6. Lumberjacks today say the axe is the (more/most) diffi cult

tool to use.

7. The axe is the (less/lesser/least) popular tool.

8. The chain saw is the (easy/easier/easiest) tool a lumberjack can use.

Unit 1 27

Paul, &what &do &you &think &about ....

28 Unit 128 Unit 1

Spotlight on Content

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. Who is the tall tale about?

2. Do you think Pecos Bill is a hero? Why or why not?

3. Which of the characters’ actions might you consider great or amazing?

4. What exaggerated events happen in this tall tale?

Tall Tales

by A. C. Bacon

Times were tough, even for heroes of tall tales. The drought was terrible.

The sun baked the land and dried the rivers. Fish and turtles fl opped

half-cooked on the hot sands. Bill wanted to do something about the hot,

dry mess, but he was busy. He had to take care of Slue-Foot Sue. She was

sick in bed with wildcat fever. Bill was also hungry. In fact, his stomach

rumbled so loudly that Sue thought a thunderstorm was coming. So Pecos

Bill rushed off to the kitchen to cook some Texas-sized steaks. He tossed the

steaks in a pan. “I want mine with onions!” Sue yelled. Bill started slicing one

of Sue’s giant onions. The onion made Bill’s eyes water so badly that he could

not see a thing. Soon, tears ran down his shirt and spilled on the fl oor. Sue’s

eyes began watering, too. Together, their tears fi lled up the house.

Well, faster than a jackrabbit can hop a tumbleweed, the water burst

through the door. Out rushed a fl ood of tears. The water washed over the

thirsty land and fi lled the river back up. It carried Bill a hundred miles away.

When the fl ood was over, Bill walked for almost an hour to get home. As soon

as he walked through the door, Sue called out, “I’m hungry. Are those steaks

ready yet?”

Pecos Bill and the Wild OnionPecos Bill and the Wild Onion

Unit 1 29

Lang

uage Arts

29

❖ Key WordsA Read these examples of hyperbole. Discuss the

reality and exaggeration of each.

Writing a Tall Tale

events

folktale

hyperbole

oral tradition

qualities

talents

tall tale

Pecos Bill was so hungry that he ate three Texas-sized steaks.

Pecos Bill was so hungry that his stomach rumbled louder than thunder in a storm.

B Now fi nd other examples of hyperbole in the passage.

C Make up a tall tale. Use the Plot graphic organizer

below as a guide to help you plan. Then, write your

tall tale on a separate sheet of paper.

Name What is the name of your hero?Talent What special talent or quality does your hero have?Action What great or amazing thing does your hero do?Hyperbole How does your hero do it? What details can you exaggerate

about the event?

A folktale is a story that comes from a certain culture or place in

the world. It is part of an oral tradition that has been passed down

over the years.

A tall tale is a type of folktale. It is a made-up story about a

hero. The hero often has special talents or qualities. The hero

usually does great or amazing things. In tall tales, hyperbole is used

to describe people and events. Hyperbole means exaggerating

something to make a point or to be funny.

30 Unit 1

❖ Key Words

A Rewrite each of the following sentences, using capital letters

where needed.

1. i heard many tall tales at camp.

2. settlers in the West told many tall tales.

3. do lumberjacks cut down trees?

4. when Pecos Bill cries, the land gets fl ooded.

B Rewrite each of the following sentences,

using the correct end punctuation.

1. I am so happy

2. Who made these sandwiches

3. Please hand me that pen

4. Slue-Foot Sue is sick in bed

Rules for Writing Sentences

capital letter

exclamation point

period

punctuation mark

question mark

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete idea. Every

sentence must begin with a capital letter. Every sentence must end with the

appropriate punctuation mark.

• A period ends a sentence that makes a statement or a sentence that

gives a command.

Take this note to Mr. Phelps. Pecos Bill was well known in the West.

• An exclamation point ends a sentence that shows strong

emotion or volume.

Look out! What a delicious cake!

• A question mark ends a sentence that asks a direct question.

Did Paul Bunyan really exist?

Unit 1 31

Lang

uage Arts

C The following paragraph contains mistakes. Rewrite the

paragraph, using capital letters and end punctuation

where needed.

paul saved himself from drowning by climbing on Babe’s tail Babe

carried Paul to the top of the highest hill. they watched as the water

fi lled the valley To this day, the old Mississippi is still fl owing strong

U it 1 31

Revising

A Answer the following questions about the tall tale you wrote

in the previous lesson.

1. What special talents or qualities does your hero have?

2. Can you identify an example of hyperbole in your tale?

3. What details do you think should be added to your tall tale?

4. What questions do you have about your tall tale?

5. Does each sentence begin with a capital letter?

6. Does each sentence end with the correct

punctuation mark?

B Mark your tall tale with any necessary

corrections. Then, rewrite your tall

tale on another sheet of paper.

32 Unit 1

Area and Perimeter

❖ Key Words

area

length

perimeter

polygon

width

2 cm x 2 cm = 4 sq cm

Perimeter is the total length around the outside of a polygon.

To fi nd the perimeter of a polygon, measure all of the sides and add

the lengths together.

The units for this fi gure are

centimeters. The perimeter of this

fi gure is 8 centimeters.

Area is the number of squares that cover the surface of a polygon.

Area is measured in square units. To fi nd the area of a polygon, multiply

its width by its length.

The units for this fi gure are

centimeters. The area of this

fi gure is 4 square centimeters.

2 cm

2 cm

2 cm2 cm

2 cm

2 cm

2 cm

2 cm

2 cm + 2 cm + 2 cm + 2 cm = 8 cm

Unit 1 33

Math

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. Paul decides to build a fence around the fi eld to keep the trees safe.

When he measures the fi eld, he counts eight big steps long and two

big steps wide. What should Paul do to fi gure out the total length

around the fi eld? What is that total length called?

2. Then, Paul and Babe decide to fi gure out how many squares will

cover their fi eld before they start planting new trees. What should

Paul do in order to fi gure out how many squares will cover the fi eld?

What is this number of squares called?

3. Suppose the length of Paul’s fi eld was two big steps and the width

was eight big steps. Would that change the total length around the

fi eld? Why or why not? Would that change how many squares cover

the fi eld? Why or why not?

Paul and Babe are standing in front of an

open fi eld. Paul asks Babe to plow the fi eld so

he can plant new trees to grow. However, Paul

has to fi gure out a way to plant the trees evenly

throughout the fi eld. He also needs to think of

a way to protect the fi eld while the trees grow.

34 Unit 1

Key Words

Connecting a Growing Nation

In the early days, the United States

did not have planes or cars. The train

system only reached the middle states.

People traveling across the country had

to use horse-drawn wagons on land or

boats on water. The United States is a

big country. So the trip took a very

long time.

Many areas also did not have roads.

This made traveling very diffi cult.

Everything changed on May 10, 1869. That is when the

Transcontinental Railroad was completed. A transcontinental railroad goes

across a continent from one end to the other. The Central Pacifi c Railroad

started in Sacramento, California, and spread east. The Union Pacifi c

Railroad began in Omaha, Nebraska, and spread west. The two railroads

connected at Promontory Point, Utah. That’s where the fi nal spike was

hammered into the track. The Transcontinental Railroad now connected

the most western part of the country to the existing train systems. It was

nearly 1,800 miles long.

The Transcontinental Railroad made travel across the United States much

faster and easier. Before this railroad was built, the trip from

New York to California took months. After

it was built, people could make the trip in

days. As a result, many people decided

to move west.

continent

spike

track

transcontinental railroad

Socia

l StudiesSoci dies

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. How did the Transcontinental Railroad help people in the early days

of the United States?

2. What does it mean when you read “the fi nal spike was hammered

into the track”?

3. In what city did the Transcontinental Railroad begin?

4. Name some of the states that the Transcontinental Railroad

passed through.

5. If a train system is built from Montana to Arizona, can it be called

a transcontinental railroad? Why or why not?

Unit 1 35

36 Unit 1

Simple Machines

❖ Key Words

There are fi ve simple machines that make work easier. They are called

simple because their technology is very basic.

• Wheel and axle — A wheel

and axle is made up of

two parts: a long rod

called an axle and a wheel.

On a bicycle, the wheel

and axle combination

is used with a chain to

transmit the forces from

one wheel to the other.

inclined plane

lever

pulley

simple machine

wedge

wheel and axle

• Pulley — A pulley is a wheel that holds

a rope. A pulley makes it easier to lift

and move heavy objects. A person ties

a heavy object to one end of the rope.

Then, the person pulls on the other

end to lift the object.

• Wedge — People use wedges to split,

lift, or tighten objects. An axe is an

example of a wedge.

Unit 1 37

Sciencee

• Inclinedplane—Aninclinedplaneisaslanting

surfaceconnectingalowerleveltoahigherlevel.

Arampisoneexample

ofaninclinedplane.Ascrewisalso

anexampleofaninclinedplane.

Thegroovesonthesidesofascrew

areoneinclinedplanewrapped

aroundapole.

• Lever—Aleverisastrong,straightstick

orpolethatmakesiteasiertomove

heavyobjects.

B Whichsimplemachinescouldlumberjacksusetocutdowntreesand

movelogs?WouldPaulBunyanneedtousethesamesimplemachines?

Whyorwhynot?

C Whatsimplemachinescanyoufindintheclassroom?Chooseoneand

tellhowitmakesworkeasier.

A Matcheachsimplemachinewiththejobitperforms.

Simple Machine Description

Inclinedplane

Pulley

Wheelandaxle

Wedge

Lever

usedforsplittingthings

transmitsforcefromonewheeltotheother

usedtoeasemovementfromoneleveltoanother

usedtomoveheavyobjects

usedwitharopetoraisethings

MusicM

38 Unit 1

Sing Along

A Listen to the song.

[Chorus]

Listen to the jingle, the rumble, and the roar

As she glides along the woodlands, over hills and by the shore,

Hear the mighty rush of the engine, hear the lonesome hobo’s call,

Traveling through the jungles on the Wabash Cannonball.

From the great Atlantic Ocean to the wide Pacifi c shore,

From the green and fl owery mountains to the south belt by the shore,

She’s mighty tall and handsome, she’s known quite well by all,

She’s a modern combination called the Wabash Cannonball.

Oh the Eastern states are dandy, so the Western people say,

From New York to Chicago, and Rock Island by the way,

From the hills of Minnesota where the rippling waters fall,

No chances to be taken on the Wabash Cannonball.

[Repeat Chorus]

B Sing the song.

C Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. What words describe the train sounds of the

Wabash Cannonball?

2. What instruments would you use to create

train sounds to go along with the music?

3. Can you fi nd examples of hyperbole in the song?

ArtArt

Unit 1 39

Died with the Hammer in His HandPalmer Hayden, 1944

A Make a picture of a tall tale character.

1. Look back at the story about

Pecos Bill. Think about what he

might look like. Then, choose one

of the events from the story that

you want to show in your drawing.

2. Decide where to place Pecos Bill on

the paper to make him the center

of interest. Then, draw Pecos Bill with a pencil. Add details to help tell

his story. Be sure to keep the emphasis on him. Color your picture.

B Exchange your drawing with a classmate. Explain how your classmate

made Pecos Bill the center of interest and gave him emphasis.

Stories in Art

Palmer Hayden was an African American artist in the 1900s.

He painted landscapes that tell stories about the places he lived

and visited. Hayden also painted pictures of African Americans.

He showed them working and having fun.

Hayden’s most popular paintings tell the story

of John Henry. Henry is a tall tale character who

worked on the railroad. Hayden made Henry

the center of interest in twelve paintings. The

center of interest in a painting has emphasis.

This means that it stands out. Artists use lines,

colors, and shapes to call attention to the center

of interest. The hammer and the shapes of the

other characters depicted in this painting all lead

to its center of interest.

Supplies

• white art paper

• pencil and eraser

• crayons and colored

pencils

40 Unit 1

A What are the advantages and disadvantages of traveling by train?

B How is the train system in the United States different from the train

system in your family’s country of origin? How are the train

systems alike?

In the United States, there is a train system

in every major city. There is a train for nearly

any destination. It is not the fastest way or

the cheapest way to travel, but it can be a

fun way to see the country by just looking

out the window.

Trains are not only for taking vacations.

Many people commute to work by train if they don’t live close

to their jobs. Sometimes they must travel a long distance

to work. The train saves them time and gas. When people

use the trains, they help the environment. Fewer cars

means less pollution in the air.

You can call or visit a website to fi nd out how you can take

a trip by train. You can also visit the train station, where you

can get information about routes, schedules, and ticket prices.

Decide where you want to go. Are you in a hurry? There are

fast trains for you. Do you want to see beautiful countryside?

Then, there are slower trains for you. Whichever kind you

choose, you will see that train travel can be fun.

Trains in the USATrains in the USA

Unit 1 41

Your Tall Tale

Write a tall tale about a trip. Pretend your best friend and you are

characters in a tall tale. You will be traveling by train and using simple

tools to solve a problem. Start your trip at your friend’s house.

Use the following guidelines to write your tall tale:

• What adventures would you have?

• What places would you visit?

• What kind of train would you ride?

• What would you build or fi x with your tools?

The writing process includes a series of steps:

• Developing Ideas Use the Internet, visual elements, or other

references to help you gather and develop ideas.

• Organizing Choose the ideas you want to use. Put them in

order, connect them, or discard the least important ones.

• Drafting Use the ideas you organized to write paragraphs.

• Revising Read your paragraphs again and correct your

writing, keeping in mind what you learned in this unit.

• Rewriting Produce a clean copy of your piece, applying

all the corrections, to display in class.

You can always repeat a step if you need to.

The Writing Process