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8 Gadget crazyReading

According to new research, an increasingly common physical change in people under 25 is caused by emailing, the internet and the use of handheld technology like mobile phones and iPods. The study, which was carried out in nine cities around the world, shows that the thumbs of the younger generation have overtaken their fingers as the hand’s most muscled and flexible digit.

Experts claim the study proves that technology is causing physical changes in our bodies. ‘The relationship between technology and the users of technology is mutual: we are changing each other,’ said Dr Sadie Plant, author of the study and founder of the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit

at Warwick University. ‘The way that our thumbs operate differently from our fingers is one of the main things that defines us as humans. The fact that the younger generation has started to use their thumbs differently is particularly interesting.’

During the study researchers noted that, while people less accustomed to mobile phones touched the keypad with their fingers, younger people used their thumbs. In addition, they barely looked at the keys as they made calls or wrote text messages. ‘They used the absolute minimal movement,’ Plant said, ‘simply pressing with both thumbs simultaneously rather than tapping at the phone with their fingers. There are many ways to

enter information into these devices, but for some reason people under the age of 25 most often choose to use their thumbs. Thumbs are the new fingers.’

In Japan the trend was particularly obvious. Plant even found that the under-25s called themselves oya yubi sedai – the thumb tribe. As their thumbs become stronger, Plant found that the thumb tribe is using its favourite digit for other tasks that are usually the finger’s job, such as pointing at things or ringing doorbells. ‘The mobile phone has now become an essential part of the social lives of 20-year-olds,’ she said. ‘In some social environments, it appears that the more advanced their mobile phone is, the more popular they think they will be.’

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Anticipating content using pictures Student’s Book page 65.

1 Do you use your thumb or your finger to…1 play music on an MP3 player? __________2 ring a doorbell? __________3 point at things? __________4 write a text message? __________5 dial a mobile phone number? __________

2 Scan the text. Which of the actions in exercise 1 are mentioned?

T h u m b s u p !T h u m b s u p !

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Unit 8 75

8

Aim higher

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.1 What is the ‘physical change’ the text refers to? ___________________________________________________________________________________________2 How does the article describe the relationship between technology and its users? ___________________________________________________________________________________________3 How do people under 25 write text messages on their mobile phones? ___________________________________________________________________________________________4 What have under-25s in Japan named themselves? ___________________________________________________________________________________________5 What actions do young people use their thumbs for? ___________________________________________________________________________________________6 What do some 20-year-olds think about their mobile phones? ___________________________________________________________________________________________7 How does the scientist Dr Sadie Plant feel about these changes? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4 Match the words and phrases from the text with the definitions.1 handheld technology (line 5)2 overtaken (line 10)3 digit (line 12)4 keypad (line 33)5 simultaneously (line 40)6 trend (line 48)

a at the same timeb finger or toec a change towards something new or different d replacede set of buttons to control a gadgetf small piece of equipment or a gadget

Phrasal verbs with get

5 Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs in the box.

get across get around get away get back get down get into get onget out get over get up

1 __________ from the river bank or you’ll fall in! 2 After climbing up the tree, I didn’t know how to __________. 3 Don’t try to __________ until the train has stopped completely. Wait on the platform. 4 It’s not fair that some people __________ tax legislation. 5 I’ll stop at the traffic lights so you can __________ of the car. 6 It took Nicole a long time to __________ arguing with her boyfriend. 7 He started to make pop music to __________ a new market. 8 The bank robbers __________ in a stolen car. 9 The new teacher is not good at __________ his message __________.

10 They slept so much that when they __________ it was afternoon.

6 What do the phrasal verbs in these sentences mean? 1 How did you get into scuba diving? __________ 2 What time did you get back last night? __________ 3 Hank gets away with cheating because he’s the teacher’s pet. __________

Get back

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76

Listening

3 What four benefits of MP3 are mentioned?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The passive voice

4 Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.1 The phonograph invented / was invented in 1877.2 Music lovers bought / were bought the first commercial records in 1893.3 They made / were made of rubber so only a short song recorded / was recorded on each side.4 The first personal stereo sold / was sold by Sony in 1979.5 The idea introduced / was introduced by the company president Akio Morita. 6 His idea combined / was combined his two passions: listening to music and playing golf.7 Hundreds of millions of personal music players have sold / have been sold since then.

5 Rewrite the sentences using the passive. Omit the agent when possible.1 Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone in 1876. ____________________________________________________________________________________________2 During Bell’s time, people sent messages using the telegraph. ____________________________________________________________________________________________3 Nowadays, mobile phones and emails have replaced letters. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 People send millions of text messages every day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Companies are constantly adding new features to mobile phones. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 People will download thousands of ring tones this year. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Mobile phones are changing communication in developing countries. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Some countries have banned the use of mobile phones in public places. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

When a verb has both a direct and an indirect object, you can make two passive sentences.They gave John a present.a John was given a present. b A present was given to John.We normally make the person the subject as in example a.

Taking notes Student’s Book page 66.

2 Listen again. Are these sentences true or false?1 The presenter says that MP3 players are

only used by young people. __________2 Brandenburg and Seitzer were interested

in compressing sound. __________3 MP3 was developed in the USA.

__________4 Suzanne Vega is known as ‘the

grandmother of MP3’. __________5 One of the first MP3 players was

manufactured in Korea. __________

1 8.1 Listen and complete the notes.1 Today’s guest is __________ Cameron.2 Apple have sold __________ iPods so far.3 The two German researchers started work in

__________.4 The research programme was called __________.5 The first MP3 song was sung by an __________.6 MP3 got its official name in __________.7 One of the first MP3 players was called __________.8 A 40GB MP3 player can hold __________ songs.

The first telephone was invented in 1876 (by Alexander Graham Bell).

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Unit 8 77

Aim higher

Rewrite the sentences making the person the subject.1 I gave my dad an iPod. ____________________________________________________________________________________________2 My grandfather is teaching me how to play chess. ____________________________________________________________________________________________3 They have offered my brother a new job. ____________________________________________________________________________________________4 How much will they pay him? ____________________________________________________________________________________________5 The teacher has told us to study for the exam. ____________________________________________________________________________________________6 The shop assistant showed me the latest model. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

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My dad was given an iPod.

Modal passives

a We form present modal passives with the modal + be + the past participle.Some batteries can be recharged.Pregnant women should not be exposed to X-rays.

b We form past modal passives with the modal + have been + the past participle.A different password should have been entered.It might have been broken when we bought it.

7 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. 1 Visitors cannot take photos in the exhibition rooms.

______________________________________________________________________________________2 Passengers must keep their seat belts fastened at all times.

______________________________________________________________________________________3 Players must wear shoes with rubber soles on the courts.

______________________________________________________________________________________4 You may use laptop computers after take-off.

______________________________________________________________________________________5 You should turn off your mobile phones in hospitals.

______________________________________________________________________________________

8 Write active or passive sentences about a video game competition.

1 Teams / must / register / by 25th June. ____________________________________________________________________________________

2 Computers / will / provide / by the organisers. ____________________________________________________________________________________

3 Players / can / bring / their own keyboards and control pads. ____________________________________________________________________________________

4 Monitor brightness may / change / by players. ____________________________________________________________________________________

5 Mobile phones / cannot / use / in the tournament. ____________________________________________________________________________________

6 The game / will / restart / if a competitor’s computer crashes. ____________________________________________________________________________________

7 Each member of the winning team / will / receive / a copy of the game. ____________________________________________________________________________________

Counter-Attack: Tournament Rules

Teams must be registered by 25th June.

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78

Speaking

Student’s Book pages 68 and 69.

1 Use the sentences to complete the dialogue.a Enjoy your new phone.b How much does it cost?c I’d like to buy a new mobile phone.d I’ll take it then.e I’ve got this model in green and blue.f What! That’s really expensive.g Yes, I’d like a phone with a camera.h I don’t mind.

Shop assistant: How can I help you?Customer: 1_____.SA: Any particular make?C: No, not really. 2_____.SA: What do you want to do with it? Do you

want to take photos?C: 3_____.SA: What about this one?C: I don’t like the colour. Have you got any

other colours?SA: 4_____. C: I’ll take the blue one. 5_____.SA: Just a second. I’ll have a look. It’s £259. C: 6_____. Have you got anything cheaper?SA: I’m afraid not. It is a really good phone!C: Well, OK. 7_____.SA: How would you like to pay?C: With a debit card. Here you are.SA: Thank you.C: Here’s your receipt. 8_____.

2 Write the words in the correct column of the table.

big glass green grey heavy huge leather light blue light metalrectangular round silk small square steel tiny wooden

3 Complete the table in exercise 2 with more adjectives.

Size Weight Shape Colour Material

Adjective order

When we use more than one adjective to describe a noun, we order the adjectives in this way: size, weight, shape, colour material + noun.a a round metal objectb a light green silk scarfc a pair of heavy, black leather casesIf we include an adjective giving an opinion, it goes before the other adjectives.d a beautiful wooden tablee a horrible leather jacket

big

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Unit 8 79

5 Match the words with the definitions.1 download2 email3 MP3 player4 gadget5 tablet computer6 keyboard7 touchscreen8 applications9 battery

10 file-sharing program

6 Complete the sentences with a word from exercise 5.1 We can use the internet to send and receive __________.2 An iPod is a type of __________.3 If you want to __________ songs from the internet you can visit iTunes.4 The __________ in my phone is great; I only recharge it once a week.5 Some mobile phones and computers display information on a __________.

7 Write the name of each object under the correct picture.

jukebox phonograph record player vinyl record MP3 player

4 Rewrite the sentences with the adjectives in brackets in the correct order.1 The lady was carrying a handbag.

(brown / leather) _________________________________________2 I got a tennis racquet for my birthday. (dark

blue / aluminium) _________________________________________3 I bought a pair of earrings for my girlfriend.

(silver / round) _________________________________________4 He downloaded the files onto his USB stick.

(very small / light) _________________________________________5 My granny makes bread. (delicious / brown) _________________________________________

Technology

a a small, cleverly designed machineb used to power a gadget, can be rechargeablec a program for sharing computer files with other peopled to transfer information from the internet to your computere rows of keys used to enter information into a computer f can be operated by touching the screen with your fingersg programs you can download onto your phone or computerh a system for sending messages by computeri a small gadget for storing and listening to musicj a small, flat computer e.g. an iPad

1 ________________ 2 ________________ 3 ________________ 4 ________________ 5 ________________

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Writing

80

1 Read the description. What is the writer’s favourite possession? Why?______________________________________________________________________________________________

My favourite possession is my digital camera. I got it for my birthday last year. It’s small, thin and rectangular. It’s not very heavy either; it weighs 250 grams. It’s really easy to use and it came with a black leather case .

I use it when I travel or get together with my friends. I usually have it in my bag all the time in case I see a good photo opportunity. I love taking photos of people.

What I like best about my digital camera is that I can see the photos as soon as I take them. If I don’t like a picture, I can delete it. I upload the photos to my computer and organise them in folders. I copy the best ones onto a CD or print them. I can also make short videos with sound as the camera has a built-in microphone.

I would feel really bad if I lost the camera: it is an expensive gadget, it was a present and I also really enjoy using it. Photos are great because they remind you of good times with friends and family.

2 Underline the phrases in the text that the writer uses to describe her possession.

3 Match the objects with the descriptions.

Describing things Student’s Book page 71.

It is round and light and 1_____.

It’s made of 2_____. On the top of the machine there’s a small screen surrounded by different buttons: rewind, fast forward, stop, pause and play. It’s got a narrow window which 3_____ the CD spinning. 4_____ a pair of headphones.

It’s bright red and it has a very

small cross on one side. It has 1_____ and even a very small pair of scissors. It’s very useful 2_____ and for opening tins. I don’t usually carry it around; only when I go to the countryside. It’s quite old, but it’s 3_____ and the knives are still sharp. I have to keep it in a safe place.

My favourite possession is my

musical instrument. It’s made of wood and metal. The body is black and white and the neck is 1_____. I got it for my birthday last year. It comes with a strap so you can hang it around your neck when 2_____. I used to have a Spanish one, but this 3_____.

I wear it 1_____ and I only

take it off when I go to bed. It’s got a metal strap and a round face 2_____. It’s solar-powered so you don’t have to worry about 3_____. It’s a bit heavy but I don’t mind. I think it looks really 4_____. It’s very accurate so I’m never late for school!

a

1 2 3 4

b c d

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Unit 8 81

Aim higher

Abbreviations and acronyms

7 Write the underlined expressions as you would read them.1 212ºF is 100ºC. _____________________________________________________________________________________2 There are 100cm in 1m. _____________________________________________________________________________________3 The campsite was 4km outside the town. _____________________________________________________________________________________4 This camera only cost me £45. _____________________________________________________________________________________5 I weighed 31/2kg when I was born. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6 There are 100p in £1. _____________________________________________________________________________________

8 Match the acronyms with the correct sentence.1 GPS2 HDTV3 UNICEF4 PIN5 www

9 How do you pronounce the acronyms in exercise 8? a as a word __________ b as single letters __________

4 Use the phrases to complete the texts in exercise 3.Text 1a It came with b lets you see c metal and plastic d easy to carry aroundText 2 a for cutting things b in good condition c lots of different blades Text 3a changing the battery b cool and sporty c protected by glass d on my wristText 4 a brown b one is much louder c you’re playing

5 Complete the table with details of your favourite possession.

What is it?Was it given to you? Why is it important?• functions• important features• accessories• size• weight• shape• colour• material

Two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit is one hundred degrees centigrade.

a There are millions of web pages on the World Wide Web. b The global positioning system gives you directions in any city in the world.c A high definition television allows us to see every detail.d The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund was set up in 1946.e You need a personal identification number to use your credit card.

6 Write a description of the object using the notes you have made.

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8 Check and Test 8

Reading

1 Are the sentences true or false? Find evidence in the text to support your answers.1 Experts believe that throwing away old gadgets is bad for the environment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________2 Teenagers are being encouraged to recycle their mobile phones. ___________________________________________________________________________________________3 Teenagers are given new mobiles if they recycle their old ones. ___________________________________________________________________________________________4 Manufacturers are being encouraged to use fewer dangerous chemicals. ___________________________________________________________________________________________5 As we have more technology, we use less electricity. ___________________________________________________________________________________________6 Many phone chargers are inefficient. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Listening

4 8.2 Listen to the advert. Which gadgets are being advertised?

CD player digital camera DVD player USB stick MP3 player television

How often do you change your mobile phone? What

about your computer? What did you do with the old one?

There is growing concern about how we dispose of old

electronic products and what this means for pollution

levels. Companies and consumers 1are urging / are being

urged to consider the environment before they throw away

their old gadgets. Mobiles are a big part of the problem, as teenagers

2give / are given a new mobile every eleven months

and adults 3change / are changed them every eighteen

months, on average. This means that over fifteen million

phones 4replaced / are replaced every year. However, only

15% 5recycled / are recycled. Recent campaigns in the USA

have tried to encourage the recycling of old phones and

6reward / are rewarded teenagers who return their old

mobiles. The European Union states that manufacturers of

electronic products must recycle goods that are returned to

them.Developments 7are also making / are also being made to

design technology which is more energy efficient and does

not contain harmful substances. Elements like chromium

and lead, which are common in consumer goods,

8will prohibit / will be prohibited in the European Union.

The huge growth in the gadget market means the

amount of energy that 9uses / is used to power them has

increased too. Phone chargers for example, 10have called /

have been called ‘energy vampires’, as they use more

energy than is needed to power a gadget.

Recycling for a cleaner future

2 Read the text again and choose the correct options.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.1 Consumers __________ to be careful when disposing of electronic products. (ask)2 The average teenager __________ a new mobile phone every eleven months. (give)3 Millions of mobile phones __________ every year. (change)4 Electronics companies __________ to design products which are more energy efficient. (try)5 Some dangerous chemicals __________ in the EU. (ban)6 Experts __________ phone chargers ‘energy vampires’ because they use too much energy. (call)

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Check and Test 8 83

8

Speaking Writing

5 Listen again and complete the leaflet.

6 Complete the dialogue with your own ideas.Shop assistant: Hello.

1_____________________________?Customer: Yes, I’m looking for an MP3 player.SA: Any 2_____________________________?C: No, not really. I’d like it to store about

3,000 songs.SA: Any 3_____________________________?C: What colours are there?SA: White, red and silver. This is the one in red.C: It’s too bright.

4_____________________________ in silver?SA: Just a second. I’ll have to look… Here you

are.C: 5_____________________________?SA: It’s £149. C: Well, it’s 6_____________________________.

Have you got anything 7___________________________?

SA: There’s a mini MP3 player, but it can only store 500 songs. It costs £55.

C: That’s a better price. I’ll 8_____________________________.

7 Correct the underlined mistakes in the description.1 ________________________________________2 ________________________________________3 ________________________________________4 ________________________________________5 ________________________________________6 ________________________________________7 ________________________________________8 ________________________________________9 ________________________________________

SONIC 5__________

MP3 players cost only 6__________.FM radio and a 7__________

battery.Three great colours: silver, 8__________ and 9__________.

FUJIKA cameras10__________ mega pixels

and 3X optical zoom.11__________ shooting

modes and video.

Incredible price of 12__________.

SOUNDASONIC portable CD player

Compatible with all discs: CD, CD-R and 1__________.

With anti-skip protection and guaranteed 2__________

playback time.Costs 3__________.

Comes with a carry case and 4__________.

Gadget Universe S U M M E R S A L E

8 Write an article describing a present you have been given. (100-120 words)

My favourite possession is 1a mechanical old watch which my grandfather gave me. As it is not battery-powered, I have to wind it up every day. Sometimes I forget to do this and the watch stops; this can be annoying! It’s got a 2steel, round case with anti-scratch glass. The face is black and the hands and numbers are white. It’s got a small window for the date 3in the right. It has a 4leather strap dark brown which looks black now because it is so old. The watch is water-resistant, but I never shower or swim with it because I am afraid it might break. 5I like very much this watch because it is different from the watches my friends have. It is a lot 6more old than their watches. I only wear it on special occasions and I keep it in a wooden box in my room. I really like it because I know my grandfather, 7that was a pilot in the RAF, owned it 8during a long time. The watch has survived for many years so if I lost it or if it was stolen, I 9will feel terrible!

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