unep yearbook 2011 (onu-unep 2011)

8/3/2019 UNEP Yearbook 2011 (ONU-UNEP 2011)

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Ramtbd Aktmlap Bavmxlagbat Uxlixkggb

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B K XA B U

B G B X I M A I M P P R B PMA LRX IFLHKF BA_MXLAGBAT


2/92

85;; Ramtbd Aktmlap Bavmxlagbat UxlixkggbMPHA3 =9:'=8':59'0;5;'=RABU,I@!8?,MAO,8DBY,;055,AK

Dmp`fkmgbxpTjb `latbat kad vmbyp bzuxbppbd ma tjmp urhfm`ktmla kxb tjlpb lo tjb krtjlxp kad dl alt ab`bppkxmf} xbofb`t tjb vmbyp lx ulfm`mbp& lx `kxx}tjb badlxpbgbat lo tjb `latxmhrtlx} lxikampktmlap lx tjb Ramtbd Aktmlap Bavmxlagbat Uxlixkggb *RABU-!Tjb dbpmiaktmlap bgufl}bd kad tjb uxbpbatktmla lo gktbxmkf ma tjmp urhfm`ktmla dl alt mguf} tjb bzuxbppmla lo ka} lumamla yjktplbvbxla tjb ukxt lo RABU `la`bxamai tjb fbikf ptktrp lo ka} `lratx}& tbxxmtlx} lx `mt} lx mtp krtjlxmtmbp& lx `la`bxamai tjb dbfmgmtktmla lo mtpoxlatmbxp kad hlradkxmbp!Xbobxba`b tl k `lggbx`mkf `lguka} lx uxldr`t ma tjmp urhfm`ktmla dlbp alt mguf} tjb badlxpbgbat lo RABU! Gkup& ujltlp& kad mffrptxktmlap kp pub`mombd!

Ujltl `xbdmtp olx oxlat kad hk`n `lvbxp3 Hmff Gk`dlakfd *oxlat tlu-& Fkppb Kxvmdpla,Ptlxk Bapl *oxlat hlttlg-& Dbpmia Um`p,Ptmff Um`trxb*oxlat gmddfb-& Amaizmk Olxbpt Hrxbkr *hk`n tlu-& Ukt Dkaak,yyy!uktdkaak!`lg *hk`n hlttlg xmijt-& Tkxk Tjlgupla *hk`n hlttlg fbot-

Xbuxldr`tmlaTjmp urhfm`ktmla gk} hb xbuxldr`bd ma yjlfb lx ma ukxt kad ma ka} olxg olx bdr`ktmlakf lx ala'uxlomt urxulpbp ymtjlrt pub`mkfubxgmppmla oxlg tjb `lu}xmijt jlfdbx& uxlvmdbd k`nalyfbdibgbat lo tjb plrx`b mp gkdb! RABU ylrfd kuuxb`mktb xb`bmvmai k `lu} loka} urhfm`ktmla tjkt rpbp tjmp urhfm`ktmla kp k plrx`b!Al rpb lo tjmp urhfm`ktmla gk} hb gkdb olx xbpkfb lx ka} ltjbx `lggbx`mkf urxulpb yjktplbvbx ymtjlrt uxmlx ubxgmppmla ma yxmtmaioxlg RABU! Kuufm`ktmlap olx pr`j ubxgmppmla& ymtj k ptktbgbat lo urxulpb kad matbat lo tjb xbuxldr`tmla& pjlrfd hb kddxbppbd tl tjbDmxb`tlx& Dmvmpmla lo @lggram`ktmlap kad Urhfm` Maolxgktmla *D@UM-& RABU& U!L! Hlz 05228& Akmxlhm 55;55& Nba}k!Tjb rpb lo maolxgktmla oxlg tjmp urhfm`ktmla `la`bxamai uxluxmbtkx} uxldr`tp olx urhfm`mt} lx kdvbxtmpmai mp alt ubxgmttbd!Tjmp urhfm`ktmla ykp uxmatbd ma `jflxmab oxbb MPL =95? kad MPL ;455; *bavmxlagbat- `bxtmombd ok`mfmtmbp& rpmai vbibtkhfb manpkad yktbx'hkpbd vkxampj! Mt mp gkdb oxlg ;55 ubx `bat ulpt'`laprgbx ykptb& `latkmap al gmff hxlnb& kad mp `bxtmombd h} tjb OlxbptPtbykxdpjmu @lra`mf!

Uxldr`bd h} RABU Dmvmpmla lo Bkxf} Ykxamai kad KppbppgbatRamtbd Aktmlap Bavmxlagbat UxlixkggbU!L! Hlz 05228Akmxlhm& 55;55& Nba}kTbf3 *.824- 85 9?8;804Okz3 *.824- 85 9?80=89B'gkmf3 rabuurhErabu!lxiYbh3 yyy!rabu!lxiRABU ]bkx Hlln 85;;3 Bgbximai mpprbp ma lrx iflhkf bavmxlagbat&Ramtbd Aktmlap Bavmxlagbat Uxlixkggb& Akmxlhm! Urhfmpjbd Obhxrkx} 85;;Ybhpmtb3 jttu3,,yyy!rabu!lxi,}bkxhlln,85;;

Uxlcb`t llxdmaktmla,bdmtlxp3 Tbppk Ilvbxpb kad Prpkaab Hb`jIxkujm`p& fk}lrt kad uxmatmai3 Ixbba Man Ftd& Ramtbd NmaidlgDmptxmhrtmla3 PGM *Dmptxmhrtmla Pbxvm`bp- Ftd!& Ramtbd NmaidlgTjmp urhfm`ktmla mp kvkmfkhfb oxlg jttu3,,yyy!bkxtjuxmat!`lg

RABU uxlgltbpbavmxlagbatkff} plrad uxk`tm`bpiflhkff} kad ma mtp lya k`tmvmtmbp!

Tjmp urhfm`ktmla mp uxmatbd la `jflxmab oxbbukubx oxlg ;55 ubx `bat ulpt'`laprgbx ykptb!

Lrx dmptxmhrtmla ulfm`} kmgp tl xbdr`bRABUp `kxhla olltuxmat!


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5/92

mmmRABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;

Tkhfb lo @latbatpUxbok`b vBzb`rtmvb Prggkx} vm

Bvbatp kad Dbvbflugbatp ;Prptkmakhfb dbvbflugbat kad k ixbba b`lalg} ;@kfbadkx lo bvbatp 85;5 8Xbabykhfb babxi} 4

Nbbumai tjb `fmgktb glgbatrg ilmai 2Xbdr`mai hfk`n `kxhla kad txlulpujbxm` lslab 9Bgbximai `laab tmlap hbtybba kmx ulffrtmla kad jrgka jbkftj =Ykxgmai fknbp ;8Hmldmvbxpmt} radbx tjxbkttmgb tl k`t ;8Ibttmai mavlfvbd3 `mtmsba p`mba`b ;4Prptkmakhfb kixm`rftrxkf dbvbflugbat ;?

Xbvbxpmai dbpbxtm `ktmla ma Amaizmk& @jmak ;9Xbobxba`bp ;:Ru`lgmai bvbatp 85;; ;=

Ufkptm` Dbhxmp ma tjb L`bka 8;Kppbppmai tjb bztbat lo tjb uxlhfbg 8;

Uj}pm`kf kad `jbgm`kf mguk`tp 82Pl`mkf kad b`lalgm` b b`tp3ymdbx tjka tjb l`bka 8: Tk`nfmai tjb mpprbp& gkakimai tjb uxlhfbgp 8:Fllnmai kjbkd 08Xbobxba`bp 08

Ujlpujlxrp kad Olld Uxldr`tmla 02

Pruuf}mai k `xmtm`kf artxmbat 02K xbplrx`b xb`lapmdbxbd3 bavmxlagbatkf plfrtmlap 0=Fllnmai kjbkd 44Xbobxba`bp 42


6/92RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;mv

Bgbximai Ubxpub`tmvbp la Olxbpt Hmldmvbxpmt} 49

Dxmvbxp kad `lapb{rba`bp lo olxbpt hmldmvbxpmt} flpp 4:Kuuxlk`jbp tl hmldmvbxpmt} `lapbxvktmla 2;Imvmai orff vkfrb tl fmvmai olxbptp 24 Txbadp ma olxbpt ilvbxaka`b 2?Fllnmai kjbkd 2?Xbobxba`bp 2:

Nb} Bavmxlagbatkf Madm`ktlxp ?;Dbufbtmla lo tjb lslab fk}bx ?8@fmgktb `jkaib ?8Aktrxkf xbplrx`b rpb ?2Hmldmvbxpmt} flpp ?9Ykptb ?:Yktbx ?:

Bavmxlagbatkf ilvbxaka`b 95Xbobxba`bp 90

K`nalyfbdibgbatp 94K`xla}gp 9?Madbz 99


7/92

vRABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;

Mt kfpl pultfmijtp ixlymai p`mbatm ` `la`bxa lvbx tjb`jbgm`kf kad gktbxmkf mguk`t lo gkxmab fmttbx la ymfdfmob kad tjb

jrgka olld `jkma& kp ybff kp tjb `xr`mkf xlfb lo hmldmvbxpmt} magkmatkmamai jbkftj} olxbptp!

Ymtj tjb xmijt urhfm` ulfm`mbp kad bakhfmai `ladmtmlap& tjbpb`jkffbaibp `ka hb kddxbppbd ma yk}p tjkt xbdr`b jrgkamt}pbavmxlagbatkf olltuxmat yjmfb ibabxktmai aby nmadp lohrpmabpp kad bgufl}gbat& olx bzkgufb ma prptkmakhfb ykptbgkakibgbatlab lo tjb tba pb`tlxp mdbatm bd kp nb} tl`ktkf}pmai k txkapmtmla tl k fly `kxhla& xbplrx`b b `mbat IxbbaB`lalg}!

Tjb ymadly olx k tmla mp akxxlymai! Kp tjb ]bkx Hllnradbxfmabp& ubxpmptbat mpprbp kxb ma gka} `kpbp hb`lgmai glxbk`rtb& yjmfpt aby labp kxb bgbximai!

Abzt }bkx kt Xml.85& ilvbxagbatp abbd tl rxibatf} kddxbpptjb iku hbtybba p`mba`b kad jly tl olxg k db`mpmvb xbpulapb kpukxt lo ka lvbxkff uk`nkib tjkt akff} kfmiap tjb b`lalgm` umffkxlo prptkmakhfb dbvbflugbat ymtj tjb pl`mkf kad bavmxlagbatkflabp!

Tjb RABU ]bkx Hlln 85;; mp k pakupjlt lo tjb ylxfd ;2 glatjphbolxb Xml.85ubxjkup ortrxb ]bkx Hllnp gk} xb b`t k dm bxbatptlx} kp k xbprft lo tjb bvlfrtmlakx} db`mpmlap tknba ma Hxksmfma 85;8!

Uxbok`b Tjb ylxfd mp kikma la tjb Xlkdtl Xml& kfglpt 85 }bkxp kotbx tjb

Bkxtj Prggmt lo ;==8 tjkt fkmdlrt tjb txbktmbp& ulfm`mbp kaduxma`mufbp tlykxdp prptkmakhfbdbvbflugbat!

Tjb matbxvbamai }bkxpjkvb ymtabppbd ka bztxklxdmakx} bzuflpmla ma p`mbatm `radbxptkadmai lo tjb mguk`tplo jrgka k`tmvmt} la tjb ufkabt

kad ktglpujbxb! Tjkt p`mba`b jkp maolxgbd ulfm`}gknbxp la tjb lutmlap

kad `jlm`bp olx `jkaib kad jkp kppmptbd ma bvlfvmai xbpulapbp&pr j kp tjb ixbbajlrpb ikp bgmppmla xbdr`tmla txbkt}tjbN}ltl Uxltl lflx glxb xb`batf} k db`mpmla tl bptkhfmpjka Matbxaktmlakf Xbimgb la K` bpp kad Hbab t Pjkxmailo Ibabtm` Xbplrx`bp kt tjb @lavbatmla la Hmlflim`kf Dmvbxpmt}*@HD- gbbtmai ma Akil}k& Ckuka fkpt }bkx!

Tjb RABU ]bkx Hlln 85;; radbxfmabp plgb lo tjb pr``bppbpk`jmbvbd yjba p`mba`b mp orff} hxlrijt matl pbxvm`b olxprptkmakhfb dbvbflugbat! ]bt& mt kfpl pultfmijtp tjkt gka} lotjb matbxaktmlakf xbpulapbp tl tjb `jkffbaibp xbgkma kt hbptk ukt jylxn3 kt ylxpt& lotba okx hbjmad tjb p`kfb kad uk`b lobavmxlagbatkf `jkaib hbmai ymtabppbd tldk}!

Tjb 85;; ]bkx Hlln pjly`kpbp kad bzufkmap tjxbb bgbximaimpprbp! Tjb xpttjb ymdbx mguk`tp lo ujlpujlxrp rpb ma ollduxldr`tmla& ulmatmai tl `la`bxap lvbx tjb ortrxb kvkmfkhmfmt} lo

ujlpujlxrp pruufmbp ma `latxkpt ymtj tjb gmffmlap lo tlaabplo obxtmfmsbx ykpjbd oxlg tjb fkad matl tjb pbkp txmiibxmai kfikfhfllgp kad dkgkib tl pj ptl`np kad tlrxmpghkpbd madrptxmbp!

K`jmg Ptbmabx

Ramtbd Aktmlap RadbxPb`xbtkx}Ibabxkf kad Bzb`rtmvb Dmxb`tlx&Ramtbd Aktmlap Bavmxlagbat Uxlixkggb


8/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;; vm

Tjb RABU ]bkx Hlln pbxmbp uxlvmdbp ka kaarkf rudktb la abyp`mba`b kad dbvbflugbatp! Mt hxmaip bgbximai bavmxlagbatkf

mpprbp tl tjb kttbatmla lo ilvbxagbatp kad ltjbx ptknbjlfdbxpolx tjbmx `lapmdbxktmla! Tjb ]bkx Hlln mp ukxt lo k prmtb lo RABUuxldr tp yjlpb kmg mp tl ptxbaitjba tjb p`mba`btlulfm`}matbxok`b!

Tjb bvbatp kad dbvbflugbatp uxbpbatbd ma tjb RABU ]bkxHlln 85;; xbgmad rp tjkt mt mp rxibat tl k`jmbvb xbprftp ma tjbmatbxaktmlakf `fmgktb `jkaib uxl`bppbp! Kftjlrij `lratxmbpixbbajlrpb ikpxbdr`tmla ufbdibpkxb`latxmhrtmai pmiam `katf}tltjb bgmppmla xbdr`tmlap xb{rmxbd tl nbbu tjb tbgubxktrxb ma`xbkpb

drxmai tjb 8;pt `batrx} hbfly 8@& p`mbatmptp ykxa tjkt tjbxb mp ptmffk `lapmdbxkhfb bgmppmla iku lo 2 imiktlaabp tl hb `flpbd! Tjbabbd tl xbdr`b bgmppmlap lo hfk`n `kxhla kad txlulpujbxm` lslabuxb`rxplxp jkp xb`bmvbd `lgukxktmvbf} fmttfb kttbatmla pl okx! Abyp`mba`b pjlyp tjkt xbdr`mai pr`j kmx ulffrtkatp `lrfd il k flaiyk} tlykxdp gmtmiktmai `fmgktb `jkaib ma tjb pjlxt tbxg& yjmfbkfpl mguxlvmai jrgka jbkftj kad olld pb`rxmt}!

K iflhkf dmkflirb la ixbbamai tjb b lalg} jkp hbira&dxmvba h} bavmxlagbatkf `la`bxap kad b`lalgm` luulxtramtmbp!Yjmfb `lratxmbp jkvb xbabybd tjbmx `lggmtgbatp tl ylxntlykxdp bavmxlagbatkf prptkmakhmfmt}& kad jkvb kixbbd la iflhkfptxktbimbp olx dlmai pl& tjb uxmvktb pb`tlx mp xbpuladmai tl abyhrpmabpp luulxtramtmbp kad pmiakfp tjkt tjxbktp tl b`lp}ptbgp`lrfd radbxgmab tjbmx lubxktmlap! Tjb xkumd bzukapmla loglhmfb tb`jalfli} mp `xbktmai aby ulppmhmfmtmbp tl orxtjbx baikib`mtmsbap ma bavmxlagbatkf db`mpmla gknmai! @mtmsba p`mba`b `kajbfu tl kddxbpp mgulxtkat dktk ikup& bpub`mkff} ymtj xbpub`t tl

hmldmvbxpmt} glamtlxmai! Tldk} tjb jrgka olltuxmat bztbadp tl tjb xbgltbpt ukxtp lotjb l`bka! Bvbatjbxb& ufkptm` `kahb olrad!Tjb l`bka jkphb`lgbk iflhkf xbulpmtlx} olx gr`j lo tjb ykptb yb ibabxktb! Bvbx} }bkxfkxib kglratp lo ufkptm` dbhxmp batbx tjb gkxmab bavmxlagbat&yjbxb mt pflyf} oxkigbatp kad k``rgrfktbp ma `lavbxiba`b slabp!Ma ukxtm`rfkx& p`mbatmptp kxb fllnmai kt tjb ultbatmkf mguk`tp lopgkff ufkptm` oxkigbatp& lx gm`xlufkptm`p! Tjb xlfb lo ufkptm`p kp kvb`tlx olx txkapulxtmai `jbgm`kfp kadpub`mbp ma tjb l`bkamp kp }bt

ullxf} radbxptlld& hrt mt ulpbp k ultbatmkf tjxbkt tl b`lp}ptbgpkad jrgka jbkftj! K arghbx lo p`mbatmptp kxb `la`bxabd khlrtxbfbkpbp lo ubxpmptbat& hmlk``rgrfktmai kad tlzm` `lgulradp

yjba ufkptm` dbhxmp batbxp tjb olld `jkma tjxlrij maibptmla h}pj kad ltjbx gkxmab lxikampgp!

Ufkptm` dbhxmp `ka dkgkib abtp& olrf uxlubffbxp& kad ulffrtbhbk jbp kad ltjbx kxbkp& ymtj gkclx b`lalgm` mguk`tp la tjbpjmai kad tlrxmpt madrptxmbp! Fl kf ilvbxagbatp kad ltjbx

hldmbp pubad gmffmlap lo dlffkxp ubx }bkx la `fbkamai ru ufkptm`kad ltjbx gkxmab fmttbx! Tl xbdr`b tjb vlfrgb lo ufkptm` batbxmaitjb l`bka& kff kpub`tp lo ykptb gkakibgbat abbd tl hb mguxlvbdkad bzmptmai ulfm`} maptxrgbatp ptxbaitjbabd!

Ujlpujlxrp mp k `xmtm`kf artxmbat olx olld uxldr`tmla! Orxtjbxmapmijt mp abbdbd matl tjb flaitbxg kvkmfkhmfmt} lo tjmp bppbatmkf

ufkat artxmbat kad tjb bavmxlagbatkf `lapb{rba`bp lo mtprpb! Kixm`rftrxkf uxk`tm`bp `lgglaf} ma`frdb tjb kuufm`ktmlalo ujlpujlxrp obxtmfmsbxp gkdb oxlg ujlpujktb xl n& k alaxbabykhfb xbplrx`b rpbd ma`xbkpmaif} pma`b tjb fktb ;=tj `batrx}!Yjmfb pbvbxkf `lratxmbp jkvb `lggbx`mkff} bzuflmtkhfb kglratp loujlpujktb xl`n& tjlpb `lratxmbp ymtj al dlgbptm` xbpbxvbp `lrfdhb bpub`mkff} vrfabxkhfb tl iflhkf pjlxtokffp!

Lvbx olrx tmgbp kp gr j ujlpujlxrp lyp tjxlrij tjbbavmxlagbat tldk} kp hbolxb ujlpujlxrp obxtmfmsbx hbika tlhb rpbd ma kixm`rftrxb& }bt laf} pgkff kglratp kxb xb`lvbxbdkad xb`} fbd oxlg ykptb ptxbkgp! Lutmgmsktmla lo kixm`rftrxkfuxk`tm`bp& bxlpmla `latxlf kad tjb bzuflxktmla lo maalvktmvbkuuxlk`jbp& pr`j kp ujlpujlxrp xb`lvbx} oxlg yktbx txbktgbatmaptkffktmlap& ylrfd xbdr`b bavmxlagbatkf uxbpprxbp kad bajka`bflaitbxg ujlpujlxrp pruuf}!

Lrx nalyfbdib kad radbxptkadmai lo hmldmvbxpmt} jkvb abvbxhbba ixbktbx tjka tjb} kxb tldk}! Hrt abmtjbx jkvb tjb uxbpprxbp

la hmldmvbxpmt} bvbx hbba ixbktbx! Flpp lo olxbpt hmldmvbxpmt}`ka xbdr`b tjb xbpmfmba`b lo olxbptp kad fbkvb tjbg ma`xbkpmaif}vrfabxkhfb tl glratmai uxbpprxbp& kp pjlya ma tjb bzkgufblo tjb glratkma umab hbbtfb lrthxbkn uxbpbatbd ma tjb ]bkxHlln! Ptxlaif} ol rpmai la olxbptp kp tjb nb} tl gkakimai tjbylxfdp `kxhla ptl npyjmfb dmpxbikxdmai tjb mgulxtkat xlfblo hmldmvbxpmt} ma hrmfdmai olxbpt xbpmfmba`bgk} fbkd tl gkclxmavbptgbatp ma p}ptbgp tjkt kxb vrfabxkhfb tl xb lx ubpt lrthxbknp&yjm`j `lrfd arffmo} ikmap gkdb ma `kxhla pb{rbptxktmla!

@lapbxvktmla lo olxbpt hmldmvbxpmt} mp oradkgbatkf tlprptkmamai olxbptp kadublufb ma k ylxfd tjkt mp kdkutmai tl `fmgktb`jkaib! B`lp}ptbghkpbd kuuxlk jbp xb`liamsb tjb mgulxtka b

Bzb`rtmvb Prggkx}


9/92

vmmRABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;

lo hmldmvbxpmt} kad tjb abbd olx hxlkd ptknbjlfdbx ukxtm`muktmlama olxbptxbfktbd db`mpmla gknmai ma lxdbx tl kxxmvb kt glxbb b`tmvb `lapbxvktmla lrt`lgbp! Aby kuuxlk`jbp tl hmldmvbxpmt}`lapbxvktmla kxb uxlgmpmai&hrt tjb} abbd tl hb gkt`jbdh} glxbb b`tmvb ilvbxaka`b kad ixbktbx aka`mkf mavbptgbatp!

Bavmxlagbatkf madm`ktlxp pr`j kp tjlpb ma tjb ]bkx Hlln `kajbfu kppbpp tjb mguk`tp lo `lgufbz matbxk`tmlap hbtybba ublufbkad tjb bavmxlagbat! Tjb fktbpt kvkmfkhfb dktk kad txbadp pjlyuxlixbpp ma kddxbppmai ptxktlpujbxm` lslab dbufbtmla& tjb abbdolx glxb xbabykhfb babxi} kad tjb abbd olx bavmxlagbatkf`bxtm `ktmla p`jbgbp! Iflhkf `kxhla dmlzmdb bgmppmlap kxb ptmffma`xbkpmai kad uxbpprxbp la b`lp}ptbgp oxlg tjb rpb lo aktrxkfxbplrx`bp `latmarb& ymtj altkhfb mguk`tp ma tbxgp lo hmldmvbxpmt}flpp! Ullx kvkmfkhmfmt} lo bavmxlagbatkf dktkbpub`mkff} oxlg

dbvbflumai `lratxmbpxbgkmap k gkclx `laptxkmat la mdbatmo}maikad olfflymai iflhkf bavmxlagbatkf txbadp!

Tjb ]bkx Hlln imvbp argbxlrp bzkgufbp lo uxk`tm`kf gbkprxbptjkt `ka hb tknba tl uxbvbat orxtjbx ulffrtmla kad xbplrx`bdbufbtmla! Jlybvbx& tjb ubxpmptba`b lo bavmxlagbatkf uxlhfbgptxk`nbd lvbx tmgb kfpl pjlyp tjkt tjbxb mp ptmff gr j xllg tlmguxlvb tjb b b`tmvbabpp lo bavmxlagbatkf ilvbxaka`b!

Kp `lratxmbp uxbukxb olx tjb Ylxfd Prggmt ma 85;8 ma Hxksmf*Xml.85-& mt mp mgulxtkat tl pmiakf bgbximai `jkffbaibp tjkt`lrfd radbxgmab prptkmakhfb dbvbflugbat b lxtp kflaipmdbuxlgmpmai pmiap tjkt `lratxmbp& `lgukambp kad `lggramtmbp kxbptkxtmai tl bghxk`b tjb txkapmtmla tl k fly`kxhla& xbplrx`bb `mbat b`lalg}!

RABU ybf`lgbp }lrx obbdhk`n! Xbkdbxp kxb mavmtbd tl rpb tjb{rbptmlaakmxb olxg kvkmfkhfb kt yyy!rabu!lxi,}bkxhlln,85;;,

@ x b d m t 3 _ b x k N x k t l ` j v m f

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@ x b d m t 3 U x l c b ` t N k m p b m


10/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;

La ;45 k`xbp lo rarpbd fkad kt Abffmp Kmx Olx`b Hkpb& Abvkdk& Ramtbd Ptktbp& 95 555 plfkx ukabfp kxb ukxt lo k plfkx ujltlvlftkm` kxxk} tjkt ymibabxktb;2 gbikykttp lo plfkx ulybx olx tjb hkpb! @xbdmt3 Akdmab ]! Hkx`fk},RPKO


11/92

;B_BATP KAD DB_BFLUGBATP

Bavmxlagbatkf bvbatp kad dbvbflugbatp drxmai tjb ukpt }bkxuxbpbat k gmzbd um`trxb! K xbvmby lo tjb ptktrp lo tjb k`jmbvbgbatlo tjb Gmffbaamrg Dbvbflugbat Ilkfp *GDIp- ma Pbutbghbxpjlybd tjkt gka} `lratxmbp& ma frdmai plgb lo tjb ullxbpt&jkvb gkdb illd uxlixbpp! Jlybvbx& glxb b lxtp kxb xb{rmxbd maxbikxd tl Ilkf 9 la baprxmai bavmxlagbatkf prptkmakhmfmt}! Xkumdhmldmvbxpmt} flpp jkp alt hbba jkftbd& hrt ma L`tlhbx ilvbxagbatpkixbbd la aby tkxibtp! Tjb} kfpl kixbbd tl bptkhfmpj k aby hld}tl uxlvmdb tjb p`mba`bulfm`} matbxok`b olx hmldmvbxpmt}! Tjb fktbptxlrad lo `fmgktb abiltmktmlap& jbfd ma Db`bghbx ma @ka a&Gbzm`l& urt tjb ylxfdp b lxtp la `fmgktb `jkaib hk`n la txk`n! Tjb uk`nkib lo db`mpmlap kixbbd pr``bbdbd ma ka jlxmai tjbaktmlakf tkxibtp kad k`tmlap ilvbxagbatp jkd urt olxykxd makad kotbx tjb 855= `fmgktb `laobxba`b ma @lubajkiba& Dbagkxn!Abvbxtjbfbpp& k pmiam `kat bgmppmlap iku bzmptp hbtybba yjktmp hbmai uxlgmpbd h} `lratxmbp kad yjkt mp abbdbd tl nbbu tjb

xmpb ma iflhkf tbgubxktrxb hbfly 8@! Kixbbmai k uxl`bpp tl `flpbtjmp iku ymff hb lab lo tjb gkclx `jkffbaibp kt tjb iflhkf `fmgktbabiltmktmlap ma 85;; ma Drxhka& Plrtj Koxm`k!

85;5 ykpk }bkxlo bztxbgb ybktjbx!TjbYlxfd Gbtblxlflim`kfLxikamsktmla *YGL- xbulxtbd tjkt mt tmbd ymtj ;==: kad 8552kp tjb ykxgbpt }bkxp la xb`lxd *YGL 85;;-! Tjbxb ybxb=25 gkclx aktrxkf dmpkptbxp ma 85;5 `lgukxbd tl 9:2 ma 855=! Tjb jbkt ykvb ma tjb Xrppmka Obdbxktmla kad ma ukxtm`rfkx tjblldmai ma Uknmptka xbprftmai oxlg ka rarprkf ptkiakat cbt

ptxbkg& `krpbd tjb flpp lo gka} fmvbp *Xbd @xlpp 85;;-! Ptmffra`fbkx kxb tjb bavmxlagbatkf mguk`tp ptbggmai oxlg tjbglatjpflai dmp`jkxib lo `xrdb lmf matl tjb Irfo lo Gbzm`l tjktymff il la xb`lxd kp lab lo jmptlx}p ylxpt lmf pumff dmpkptbxp! Tjbbavmxlagbatkf mguk`tp ymff hb glamtlxbd lvbx tjb abzt oby}bkxp kad kxb `latmarlrpf} bvkfrktbd!

Dxmvba h} bavmxlagbatkf `la`bxap kad b`lalgm` luulxtramtmbp& k iflhkf dmkflirb la ixbbamab`lalg} jkp hbira! @lratxmbp jkvb xbabybd tjbmx `lggmtgbatp tl ylxn tlykxdp bavmxlagbatkfprptkmakhmfmt} kt vkxmlrp matbxaktmlakf olxk& kad plgb jkvb mamtmktbd aktmlakf k`tmlap! Tmp xbpuladmai alt laf} tl `fbka tb`jalfli} kad ixbba mavbptgbat luulxtramtmbp& hrt kfpl tl pmiakfptjxbktp tl b`lp}ptbgp `lrfd jkvb pbxmlrp mguk`tp la hrpmabpp lubxktmlap! Kt tjb pkgb tmgb& p`kad ltjbxp ulmat lrt grftmufb kuuxlk`jbp kad tb`jalflimbp kvkmfkhfb olx tjb xbdr`tmla lo ixbbajlrpikp bgmppmlap! Tjbpb matbxaktmlakf bvbatp kad dbvbflugbatptlibtjbx ymtj k pbxmbp lo bztxbgbvbatp`latmarb tl rxib rp tl k`jmbvb xbprftp ma matbxaktmlakf `fmgktb `jkaib uxl`bppbp!

Bvbatp kad Dbvbflugbatp

Prptkmakhfb dbvbflugbat kad k ixbba b`lalg}

Yjmfb tjb ylxfd mp pflyf} xb`lvbxmai oxlg b`lalgm` kad aka`mkf`xmpbp& k iflhkf dmkflirb la aktrxkf `kumtkf kad ixbbamai tjbb`lalg} jkp hbira ma `lratxmbp& `lggramtmbp kad `lgukambp! Tjb abbd olx rxibat k`tmla tl kddxbpp `fmgktb `jkaib ma tjb xptjkfo lo tjb 8;pt `batrx} mp olptbxmai tjmp dmkflirb& yjm j mp kfplptmgrfktbd h} khradkat ultbatmkf b`lalgm` luulxtramtmbp olxtjlpb yjl radbxtknb tjb txkapmtmla tl k ixbba b`lalg}!

K db`kdb kotbx tjb 8555 Gmffbaamrg Prggmt& ilvbxagbatpgbt kt tjb Jmijfbvbf Ufbakx} Gbbtmai lo tjb ?2tj Pbppmla lo tjbRA Ibabxkf Kppbghf} tl xbvmby uxlixbpp la k`jmbvmai tjb GDIpkad tl xbaby tjbmx `lggmtgbat tl k`jmbvb tjb tkxibtp olx 85;2!Dbvbflumai `lratxmbp jkvb gkdb gkclx uxlixbpp la tjb jbkftjkad bdr`ktmla tkxibtp&hrt iflhkf uxlixbppjkp hbba pfly la ltjbxilkfp& ma`frdmai baprxmai bavmxlagbatkf prptkmakhmfmt} *MMPD 85;5&

RAIK 85;5-! Nb} kxbkp yjbxb uxlixbpp la tjmp ilkf `lrfd hbk``bfbxktbd ma`frdb3 mgufbgbatktmla lo tjb tjxbb RA @lavbatmlap la `lghktmai

dbpbxtm `ktmla& hmlflim`kf dmvbxpmt} kad `fmgktb `jkaib& kpybff kp tjb iflhkf lhcb`tmvbp la olxbptp kad prptkmakhfb olxbptgkakibgbat>

aby kad xbabykhfb babxi} plrx`bp& flybgmppmlatb`jalflimbp& glxb b `mbat babxi} rpb& ixbktbx xbfmka bla kdvka`bd babxi} tb`jalflimbp& kad prptkmakhfb rpb lo

txkdmtmlakf babxi} plrx`bp> prptkmakhfb k``bpp tl pkob dxmanmai yktbx kad hkpm` pkamtktmla> matbixktbd ykptb gkakibgbat p}ptbgp> prptkmakhfb gkakibgbat lo gkxmab hmldmvbxpmt} kad

b`lp}ptbgp& kad uxbpbxvktmla lo oxkimfb glratkma b`lp}ptbgp> prptkmakhfb `laprgutmla kad uxldr`tmla ukttbxap!


12/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;8

CKARKX];8 Ckarkx}Gkiamtrdb 9!5 bkxtj{rknb nmffp plgb805 555 ublufb kad fbkvbp ;!2 gmffmlajlgbfbpp ma tjb xbimla kxlrad Jkmtmp`kumtkf& UlxtkrUxma`b! @jlfbxk lrthxbknma L`tlhbx `fkmgp glxb tjka ; 855 fmvbp& kptbap lo tjlrpkadp lo Jkmtmkap kxb ptmff fmvmaima `xlydbd tbat `mtmbp ymtj ullx pkamtktmlakad fmttfb k``bpp tl `fbka dxmanmai yktbx!

OBHXRKX]84'8? Obhxrkx}Bfbvbatj Pub`mkf Pbppmla lo RABUIlvbxamai @lra`mf,Iflhkf GmamptbxmkfBavmxlagbat Olxrg dbfmvbxp xpt fkadgkxnDb`fkxktmla mpprbd h} gmamptbxp lo tjbbavmxlagbat ma k db`kdb& ufbdimaitl ptbu ru iflhkf xbpulapb tl gkclxbavmxlagbatkf kad prptkmakhmfmt}`jkffbaibp! Ilvbxagbatp kfpl kixbb la `llubxktmvb k`tmla h} tjb Hkpbf& Xlttbxdkgkad Ptl`njlfg @lavbatmlap!

89 Obhxrkx}Bkxtj{rknb ma `batxkf @jmfb gbkprxmai :!:nmffp glxb tjka 955 kad `krpbp ymdbpuxbkddkgkib ma gka} ukxtp lo tjb `lratx}&ukxtm`rfkxf} abkx @la`bu`ma& tjb pb`ladfkxibpt gbtxlulfmtka kxbk! Kxlrad jkfok gmffmla jlgbp kxb pbxmlrpf} dkgkibd!Flppbp tl @jmfbp b`lalg} kxb bptmgktbd ktRP$;205 hmffmla!

GKX@J;0'82 Gkx`jOmotbbatj @laobxba`b lo tjb Ukxtmbp tl@lavbatmlala MatbxaktmlakfTxkdb maBadkaibxbd Pub`mbp loYmfd Okrak kad Oflxk*@MTBP- kdlutp db`mpmlap la ptxbaitjbamaiymfdfmob gkakibgbat olx pbvbxkf xbutmfbp&`lghktmai mffbikf tmibx kad xjmal`bxlptxk `nmai& kad rudktmai txkdb xrfbp olx kymdb xkaib lo ufkatp kad kamgkfp!

;:';= Gkx`jOlrxtj gbbtmai lo RAXBDD UxlixkggbUlfm`} Hlkxd kuuxlvbp RP$;4!9 gmffmlama oradmai olx aktmlakf `fmgktb `jkaibgmtmiktmla uxlixkggbp ma Hlfmvmk& tjbDbgl`xktm` Xburhfm` lo tjb @lail kadSkghmk! RP$;2!8 gmffmla kuuxlvbd maAlvbghbx olx uxlixkggbp ma @kghldmk&Ukurk Aby Irmabk& Ukxkirk}& tjbUjmfmuumabp kad tjb Plflgla Mpfkadp!

KUXMF;4'85 KuxmfKpj `lvbxp fkxib kxbkp lo alxtjbxa Brxlubyjba M`bfkadp B}ck kffkclbnrff vlf`kalbxrutp! Khlrt 85 `lratxmbp `flpb tjbmxkmxpuk`b& k b`tmai jradxbdp lo tjlrpkadplo txkvbffbxp ylxfdymdb! Tjb ixlradmailo Brxlubka mijtp kvlmdbd ka bptmgktbd044 ;5= tlaabp lo @L 8 bgmppmlap ubx dk}yjmfb tjb vlf`kal bgmttbd khlrt ;25 555tlaabp lo @L 8 ubx dk}!

85 KuxmfLmf xmi Dbbuyktbx Jlxmsla bzufldbp matjb Irfo lo Gbzm`l& xbprftmai ma tjb fkxibptk``mdbatkf gkxmab lmf pumff ma tjb ubtxlfbrgmadrptx}p jmptlx} kad `krpmai dkgkib tlymfdfmob kad gkxmab jkhmtktp& kad tl tjbpjmai kad tlrxmpg madrptxmbp! Omvb gmffmlahkxxbfp ly matl tjb Irfo hbolxb tjb ybff mpubxgkabatf} pbkfbd la ;= Pbutbghbx!

GK]0';4 Gk}Bmijtbbatj pbppmla lo Ramtbd Aktmlap@lggmppmla la Prptkmakhfb Dbvbflugbat*@PD- ol`rpbp la tjb tjbgktm` `frptbx lotxkapulxt& `jbgm`kfp& ykptb gkakibgbat&gmamai& kad prptkmakhfb `laprgutmlakad uxldr`tmla ukttbxap! Yk}p tl kdvka`bmgufbgbatktmla lo db`mpmlap lo tjb@lggmppmla kxb dmp`rppbd!

;8 Gk}Khr Djkhm& Ramtbd Kxkh Bgmxktbp& ymapKxkh ylxfdp tlu ixbba `mt} kad glptbavmxlagbatkff} oxmbadf} `mt} kykxdp! Tjmp dlrhfb xb`liamtmla mp kaalra`bdkt k `bxbgla} olx Kxkh `mtmbp fbkdmai mabavmxlagbat& ixbbamai kad fkadp`kumai&tb`jalfli} kad kx`jmtb`trxb!

85 Gk}P`mbatmptp dbvbflu xpt fmvmai `bff `latxlffbdh} k p}atjbtm` ibalgb! Tjb} jlub tjmpgbtjld `ka hb rpbd tl baimabbx hk`tbxmkdbpmiabd tl plfvb bavmxlagbatkf lx babxi}uxlhfbgp& olx bzkgufb kfikb tjkt `kutrxb@L8 kad gknb aby j}dxl`kxhlap tjkt `lrfdhb rpbd ma xb abxmbp!

;9';= Gk}Omxpt pbppmla lo Uxbukxktlx} @lggmttbb

*Uxbu@lg- olx 85;8 Ramtbd Aktmlap@laobxba`b la Prptkmakhfb Dbvbflugbatkppbppbp ikup ma mgufbgbatmai lrt`lgbp logkclx prggmtp la prptkmakhfb dbvbflugbatkad bgbximai `jkffbaibp& kad kixbbpla lubabadbd maolxgkf matbxpbppmlakfgbbtmaiplo alt glxb tjka pmzdk}p mafbaitj!

84'8: Gk}Olrxtj Iflhkf Bavmxlagbat Ok`mfmt} *IBO-Kppbghf} kt Uratk dbf Bptb& Rxrirk}&kixbbp la hkpm` aka`mai oxkgbylxn&kad k xbufbampjgbat lo RP$4!8 hmffmla!@latxmhrtmai tl tjb IBO Txrpt Orad mp labyk} olx ilvbxagbatp tl `lguf} ymtjtjbmx `lggmtgbatp radbx grftmfktbxkfbavmxlagbatkf kixbbgbatp!

CRAB2 CrabYlxfd Bavmxlagbat Dk} `bfbhxktmlap maXykadk `rfgmaktb ma txkdmtmlakf ilxmffkakgmai `bxbgla} ma _lf`kalbp AktmlakfUkxn& kttbadbd h} 05 555 ublufb!Xykadka Uxbpmdbat Ukrf Nkikgb& k`tlxkad RABU Illdymff Kghkppkdlx Dla@jbkdfb& kad RABU Bzb`rtmvb Dmxb`tlxK`jmg Ptbmabx kxb kglai tjb irbptpmavmtbd tl akgb hkh} ilxmffkp!

85'82 Crab Tjmxtbbatj pbppmla lo tjb Koxm`kaGmamptbxmkf @laobxba`b la tjbBavmxlagbat *KG@BA- ma Gkfm kdlutptjb Hkgknl Db`fkxktmla& k aby xlkdgku olx prptkmakhfb dbvbflugbat maKoxm`k kad k hkpmp olx ptxbaitjbamai tjb`lggla abiltmktmai ulpmtmla la`fmgktb `jkaib kad hmlflim`kfdmvbxpmt}!

CRF] Crf}'KrirptJbkvmbpt glaplla xkmap ma lvbx:5 }bkxp uxldr`b tjb ylxpt lldp maUknmptkap jmptlx}& dbptxl}mai jlgbp kadokxgfkad kad k b`tmai ka bptmgktbd0!8 gmffmla ublufb! Tjb arghbx lofmvbptl`n flpt mp kxlrad :5 555& yjmfb8 gmffmla jb`tkxbp lo okxgfkad kxbradbxyktbx!

@kfbadkx lo bvbatp 85;5

@ x b d m t 3 U k a ' K o x m ` k a A b y p Y m x b O m f b

U j l t l p

@ x b d m t 3 B } c f o r x G k i a p p l a

@ x b d m t 3 D k a m b f H b f t x

@ x b d m t 3 y y y ! y

m f d f m o b d m x b ` t ! l

x i


13/92

0B_BATP KAD DB_BFLUGBATP

KRIRPT4 KrirptImkat `jran lo m`b hxbknp l Ubtbxgkaaifk`mbx ma alxtjybpt Ixbbafkad& olxgmai tjbfkxibpt m`bhbxi ma tjb alxtjbxa jbgmpujbxb!Gbkprxmai khlrt 05 h} ;4 nmflgbtxbp&mt `lvbxp ka kxbk lo plgb 842 p{rkxbnmflgbtxbp! Tjb Ubtbxgkaaifk`mbx& labloIxbbafkadp fkxibpt& xbirfkxf} kdvka`bptlykxdp tjb l`bka kt khlrt ; nmflgbtxbubx }bkx!

;'8? KrirptYmfd xbp pybbumai k`xlpp Xrppmk dbptxl}glxb tjka 055 555 jb`tkxbp lo olxbpt&vbibtktmla kad ubktfkad! Kt fbkpt20 ublufb kxb nmffbd kad tjlrpkadp kxbbvk`rktbd! Ma Hlfmvmk& ymfd xbp xkvkib;!2 gmffmla jb`tkxbp lo olxbptp kadixkppfkadp!

PBUTBGHBX85'88 PbutbghbxRamtbd Aktmlap Prggmt la tjb GmffbaamrgDbvbflugbat Ilkfp *GDIp- `la`frdbpymtj tjb kdlutmla lo k iflhkf k`tmla ufkatl k`jmbvb tjb bmijt GDIp h} tjbmx 85;2tkxibt! Gkclx aby `lggmtgbatp kadmamtmktmvbp kxb kaalra`bd& ma`frdmai labaprxmai bavmxlagbatkf prptkmakhmfmt}!

L@TLHBX2 L`tlhbxMa Jraikx}& tlzm` xbd pfrdib oxlg kakfrgmak ufkat lldp abkxh} vmffkibp!Tbaublufb kxb nmffbd kad ;85 macrxbd! Plgb?55 555 tl 955 555 `rhm` gbtxbp lo pfrdibbp`kubp! Mt mp bptmgktbd tjkt tjb `fbkaruymff tknb glxb tjka k }bkx kad `lpt tbap logmffmlap lo dlffkxp!

;8';2 L`tlhbxPbvbatj Koxm`ka Dbvbflugbat Olxrg`lavbabp ymtj tjb tjbgb K`tmai la @fmgktb@jkaib olx Prptkmakhfb Dbvbflugbatma Koxm`k! Kglai tjb lrt lgbp mp tjb

bptkhfmpjgbat lo k ukxtabxpjmu la Koxm`kplutmlap olx k Ixbba B`lalg}!

;:'8= L`tlhbxKt tjb Hmldmvbxpmt} Prggmt ma Akil}k&Ckuka& ukxtm`mukatp xbuxbpbatmai tjb;=0 Ukxtmbp tl tjb @lavbatmla la Hmlflim`kfDmvbxpmt} *@HD- kdlut k aby tba}bkxPtxktbim` Ufka tl irmdb b lxtp tl pkvbhmldmvbxpmt} kad tjb Akil}k Uxltl`lf laK``bpp tl Ibabtm` Xbplrx`bp kad tjb Okmxkad B{rmtkhfb Pjkxmai lo Hbab tp Kxmpmaioxlg tjbmx Rtmfmsktmla!

8? L`tlhbxJratbxp xbulxtp fbkd p`mbatmptp tl dmp`lvbxk aby uxmgktb pub`mbp& tjb G}kagkx parhalpbd glanb} * Xjmalumtjb`rp ptx}nbxm -& matjb `lratx}p alxtjbxa olxbptp! Fl`kf ublufbxbulxt tjkt mt mp bkp} tl ad tjb glanb}&yjm`j pabbsbp yjba mt xkmap!

AL_BGHBX:';8 Alvbghbx Tybat}pb`lad pbppmla lo tjb Gbbtmailo tjb Ukxtmbp tl tjb Glatxbkf Uxltl`lfla Prhptka`bp tjkt Dbufbtb tjb LslabFk}bx kdlutp ;? db`mpmlap& ma`frdmai latjb tbxgp lo xbobxba`b olx bvkfrktmai tjbaka`mkf gb`jkampg! Mt mp rakhfb tl gknbuxlixbpp la fly iflhkf ykxgmai ultbatmkfkftbxaktmvbp lx tjb dbptxr`tmla lo lslabdbptxl}mai prhptka`bp!

;5';; AlvbghbxMa Pblrf& Xburhfm` lo Nlxbk& olx tjb xpt tmgbkt k I85 gbbtmai& glxb tjka ;55 @jmboBzb`rtmvb L `bxp *@BLp- gbbt tl xbvmbyptxktbimbp olx k ixbbabx iflhkf b`lalg}!@lxulxktb fbkdbxp oxlg 04 `lratxmbprxib tjb I85 tl ok`mfmtktb ixbba ixlytj&ma`frdmai mguxlvbgbatp ma babxi}b `mba`} kad `xbktmla lo ixbba clhp!

8;'80 AlvbghbxKt mtp pb`lad gbbtmai ma Jbfpmanm& Omafkad&tjb @laprftktmvb Ixlru lo Gmamptbxp lxJmijfbvbf Xbuxbpbatktmvbpla MatbxaktmlakfIlvbxaka`b mdbatm bp ultbatmkf p}ptbg

ymdb xbpulapbp tl tjb `jkffbaibp lomatbxaktmlakf bavmxlagbatkf ilvbxaka b! Tjb} ma`frdb ptxbaitjbamai tjb p`mba`bulfm`} matbxok`b kad dbvbflumai k p}ptbgymdb ptxktbi} olx bavmxlagbatma tjb RamtbdAktmlap p}ptbg!

8;'84 AlvbghbxJbkdp lo ilvbxagbatp lo ;0 Tmibx Xkaib@lratxmbp kt tjb Matbxaktmlakf Tmibx@lapbxvktmla Olxrg ma Pt Ubtbxphrxi&Xrppmk& kixbb tl pkvb ymfd tmibxp oxlgbztma`tmla kad dlrhfb tjbmx arghbx h}

8588! Ylxfdymdb& tjb ulurfktmla lo tmibxp matjb ymfd obff oxlg ;55 555 tl crpt lvbx 0 555drxmai tjb ukpt `batrx}!

8= Alvbghbx';5 Db`bghbx@ka`a @fmgktb @jkaib @laobxba`b maGbzm`l pbtp ilvbxagbatp la k uktj tlykxdpk flybgmppmlap ortrxb kad bajka`bdk`tmla la `fmgktb `jkaib ma tjb dbvbflumaiylxfd! Ukxtmbp tl tjb N}ltl Uxltl`lf kixbbtl `latmarb abiltmktmlap& ymtj tjb kmg lobaprxmai tjkt tjbxb mp al iku hbtybba mtp`lggmtgbat ubxmldp!

DB@BGHBX0 Db`bghbx Tba Brxlubka `lratxmbp kixbb tl dbvbfluka l pjlxb bfb`txm`mt} ixmd ma tjb Alxtj Pbk`lptmai ru tl RP$45 hmffmla! Tjb rftmgktbvmpmla mp k Brxlubkaprubxixmduxlvmdmaixbabykhfb babxi} pruufmbp tjxlrijlrtBrxlub h} tkuumai matl vkpt plfkx xbplrx`bpoxlg tjb Gbdmtbxxkabka kad ymad oxlgtjb alxtj!

8; Db`bghbxRamtbd Aktmlap Ibabxkf Kppbghf} kdlutptjb `xbktmla lo tjb MatbxilvbxagbatkfUfktolxg la Hmldmvbxpmt} kad B`lp}ptbgPbxvm`bp *MUHBP- kotbx ilvbxagbatp ikvb kixbba fmijt ma Crab kt k gbbtmai ma Hrpka&Xburhfm` lo Nlxbk! Tjb hld} ymff `kxx} lrtjmij{rkfmt} ubbx xbvmbyp lo aby p`mba`bla hmldmvbxpmt} kad b`lp}ptbgp kad lrtfmabulfm`} xbpulapbp!

0; Db`bghbx'Ckarkx}Glxb tjka 855 555 ublufb kxb k b`tbd h}lldmai ma [rbbapfkad ptktb& alxtjbkptKrptxkfmk& ymtj tjb lld slab ptxbt`jmailvbx ka kxbk hmiibx tjka Oxka`b kadIbxgka} `lghmabd! Tjlrpkadp lo ublufbkxb bvk`rktbd oxlg tjbmx jlgbp! @fbkarub lxtp kxb bzub`tbd tl `lpt hmffmlap lodlffkxp!

Plrx`bp3 Ufbkpb il tlyyy!rabu!lxi,}bkxhlln,85;;,

@ x b d m t 3 K z I x m o t

@ x b d m t 3 A K P K B k x t j L h p b x v k t l x }

@ x b d m t 3 _ k x i k I } x i } , G T M O l t

@ x b d m t 3 M a t b x a k t m l a k f M a p t m t r t b

o l x P r p t k m a k h f b D b v b f l u g b a t

@ x b d m t 3 _ k f b x m b K h h l t t

@ x b d m t 3 R A B U


14/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;4

Kfpl bgujkpmsbd kt tjb prggmt ybxb tjb abbd olx ixbktbx`llxdmaktmla kglai fl`kf kad aktmlakf maptmtrtmlap xbpulapmhfbolx b lalgm` kad pl mkf dbvbflugbat kad bavmxlagbatkfuxltb`tmla& kad tjb abbd tl ba`lrxkib mavbptgbatp ma prptkmakhfbdbvbflugbat *RAIK 85;5-!

Tjb `jkffbaib lo uxlgltmai prptkmakhfb dbvbflugbat yjmfbk`jmbvmai b`lalgm` ixlytj mp gltmvktmai db`mpmla gknbxp tltknb k pbxmlrp flln kt ulfm`} gbkprxbp lxmbatbd tlykxdp ixbbaixlytj kad maalvktmla *I85 Pblrf Prggmt 85;5-! Olx bzkgufb&tjb Xburhfm` lo Nlxbk pubadp tjb b{rmvkfbat lo glxb tjka 0 ubx`bat lo mtp kaarkf IDU la ixbba tb`jalfli} *Hkxhmbx 855=-!

Tjb dbvbflugbat kad rutknb lo xbabykhfb babxi}tb`jalflimbp mp xkumdf} ikmamai glgbatrg& `xbktmai gmffmlaplo clhp! Glxb luulxtramtmbp tl `xbktb ixbba clhp kxb bgbximai

ma aktrxkf xbplrx`b gkakibgbat& prptkmakhfb olld uxldr tmla&ykptb uxl`bppmai kad ltjbx bfdp!

Xbabykhfb babxi}@fmgktb `jkaib& ulffrtmla& xbplrx b dbufbtmla& kad tjb dbpmxb olxbabxi} pb`rxmt} kxb ubxprkdmai `lratxmbp tl gknb tjb txkapmtmlaoxlg babxi} pruuf} hkpbd la olppmf orbfp kflab tl ixbktbx babxi}b `mba`} kad tjb rpb lo xbabykhfb babxi} plrx`bptjbxbh}`latxmhrtmai tl tjb txkapmtmla tl k ixbba b`lalg} *Hxlya 855=-!

Yjmfb @jmak lvbxtlln tjb Ramtbd Ptktbp ma 85;5 kp tjb ylxfdpfkxibpt babxi} rpbx& mt jkp kfpl hb lgb k xbabykhfb babxi}fbkdbx& bpub mkff} olx ymad kad plfkx ulybx *MBK 85;5k-! Iflhkfaby mavbptgbat ma prptkmakhfb babxi} xbk jbd RP$;?8 hmffmlama 855=& kddmai ka bptmgktbd 25 imikykttp *IY- lo xbabykhfbbabxi} ibabxktmla `kuk`mt} ma kddmtmla tl 8: IY lo aby fkxibj}dxlbfb`txm` `kuk`mt}! Mo tjb txbad `latmarbp& 85;; `lrfd hb tjb

xpt }bkx tjkt aby fly`kxhla babxi} `kuk`mt} bz`bbdp abyolppmforbf `kuk mt} *RABU kad Hfllghbxi Aby Babxi} Omaka`b85;5-! Tjmp mp pruulxtbd h} ltjbx pmiap lo k glxb ubxgkabatpjmot tlykxdp prptkmakhfb babxi}& pr`j kp ka k``bfbxktmai babxi}b `mba`} mguxlvbgbat xktb> ixlytj ma urhfm` mavbptgbat ma fly

`kxhla tb`jalfli} xbpbkx`j& dbvbflugbat kad dbglaptxktmla>kad orxtjbx dbvbflugbat lo j}hxmd kad orff} bfb`txm` vbjm`fbp h}fbkdmai `lgukambp *MBK 85;5k-!

Tjb fktbpt kvkmfkhfb dktk pjly tjkt ma 855=& olx tjb pb`lad }bkxma k xly& hltj Brxlub kad tjb Ramtbd Ptktbp kddbd glxb ulybx`kuk mt} oxlg xbabykhfb plrx`bp pr j kp ymad kad plfkx tjkaoxlg `lavbatmlakf plrx`bp fmnb `lkf& ikp kad ar`fbkx! Xbabykhfbpk``lratbd olx ?5 ubx `bat lo abyf} maptkffbd `kuk`mt} ma Brxlubkad glxb tjka 25 ubx `bat lo tjkt ma tjb Ramtbd Ptktbp ma 855=!

H} 85;5 lx 85;;& bzubxtp uxbdm`t tjkt tjb ylxfd kp k yjlfb ymffkdd glxb `kuk`mt} tl tjb bfb`txm`mt} pruuf} oxlg xbabykhfb tjkaalaxbabykhfb plrx`bp *XBA 8; 85;5& RABU kad Hfllghbxi AbyBabxi} Omaka`b 85;5-! Dbgkad olx xbabykhfb babxi} mp bzub`tbdtl txmufb lvbx tjb abzt db`kdbp& ymtj mtp pjkxb ma bfb`txm`mt} pruuf}ma`xbkpmai oxlg lab otj tl labtjmxd * Omirxb ; -!

Tl k`jmbvb k fly`kxhla ortrxb& ma`xbkpbd babxi} b `mba`}mp bppbatmkf! Fly`lpt lutmlap olx xbdr`mai babxi} `laprgutmlama hrmfdmaip `ka `latxmhrtb pmiam `katf} tl `rtp ma @L8 bgmppmlap*Hlz ; -! Kxlrad ;5 ubx `bat lo iflhkf @L 8 bgmppmlap `lgb dmxb`tf}oxlg hrmfdmaip> yjba madmxb`t bgmppmlap oxlg tjbmx bfb`txm`mt} rpbkxb ma`frdbd& tjmppjkxb ma`xbkpbp tlkfglpt 05 ubx`bat *MBK 85;5k-!

Omirxb ;3 Uxlcb`tbd xbabykhfb babxi} dbgkad& 855:'8502! Tjb pjkxb loxbabykhfbp ma iflhkf bfb`txm`mt} ibabxktmla mp uxlcb`tbd tl ma`xbkpb oxlg ;=tl 08 ubx `bat hbtybba 855: kad 8502& gkmaf} drb tl ma`xbkpbp ma ymadkad j}dxlulybx! Plrx`b3 MBK *85;5h-

Koxm`k

Madmk

Hxksmf

@jmak

Ramtbd Ptktbp

Brxlubka Ramla

5 ;55 855 055 455 255

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gmffmla tlaabp lo lmf b{rmvkfbat

LB@D Uk`m `Tjb ixbba b`lalg} uxlgmpbp tl xbktb glxb ixbba clhp ma tjb ortrxb!@xbdmt3Pkg Jrggbf


15/92


Hlz ;3 Babxi} pkvmai ma hrmfdmaipGka} `laprgbxp ma tjb ortrxb gk} jkvb pgkxt gbtbxp ma tjbmx jlgbptl txk`n kad gkakib babxi} rpb& kftjlrij uxk`tm`kf kuufm`ktmlap lo tjmp tb`jalfli} kxb ptmff hbmai kppbppbd! Khlrt 85 ubx `bat lo tjbbabxi} rpbd ma hrmfdmaip `lrfd ultbatmkff} hb pkvbd tjxlrij `lxxb`tmaigb`jkam`kf okrftp kad gkfora`tmlap kad xbdr`mai raab`bppkx}lubxktmla! Mamtmkf dbufl}gbatp lo kdvka`bd `latxlf p}ptbgp `rxxbatf}radbx dbvbflugbat priibpt tjkt pr`j p}ptbgp `lrfd pkvb ka kddmtmlakf;5 tl 85 ubx `bat! Mt mp ulppmhfb tl xbdr`b xbkf'tmgb babxi} rpb kad pkvb

babxi} h} kfflymai bfb`txm`mt} uxlvmdbxp tl gkakib flkdp& olx bzkgufbtjxlrij tjb rpb lo matbxabt'hkpbd matbffmibat maoxkptxr`trxb tjkt ylxnpymtj k pgkxt ixmd tl pymt`j l kmx `ladmtmlamai b{rmugbat drxmai ubkn dbgkad ubxmldp! Ma tjb Ramtbd Ptktbp& hrmfdmaip rpb 45 ubx `bat lo kffuxmgkx} babxi} pruufmbd *kad glxb tjka 95 ubx `bat lo kff bfb`txm`mt}ibabxktbd-& uxbdlgmakatf} olx jbktmai& `llfmai kad fmijtmai *Ibxpjbaobfdkad ltjbxp 85;5-!

Fbkdmai h} bzkgufb ymtjma tjb Ramtbd Aktmlap P}ptbg3 RABU kadRA'Jkhmtkt glvb tl babxi}'boom`mbat loom`bp ma Akmxlhm& Nba}k!@xbdmt3Gxtla Hfmat

Nbbumai tjb `fmgktb glgbatrg ilmaiKt tjb bad lo 85;5& ilvbxagbatp xbk xgbd tjbmx `lggmtgbattl `lghkt `fmgktb `jkaib kt tjb RA @fmgktb @jkaib @laobxba`bma @kaà& Gbzm`l! Tjb} kixbbd tl k uxl`bpp tl dbpmia kIxbba @fmgktb Orad> k aby Kdkutktmla Oxkgbylxn tl kffly

hbttbx ufkaamai kad mgufbgbatktmla lo kdkutktmla uxlcb`tp>kad k tb`jalfli} gb`jkampg ymtj k Tb jalfli} Bzb`rtmvb@lggmttbb kad @fmgktb Tb`jalfli} @batxb kad Abtylxn tlma`xbkpb tb`jalfli} `llubxktmla ma pruulxt lo k tmla lakdkutktmla kad gmtmiktmla! Tjb} kfpl kixbbd tl hllpt k`tmla tl`rxh bgmppmlap oxlg dbolxbptktmla kad olxbpt dbixkdktmla madbvbflumai `lratxmbp ymtj tb`jalflim`kf kad aka`mkf pruulxt&kad xbk xgbd tjb ilkf pbt ma @lubajkiba ma 855= tl uxlvmdbRP$;55 hmffmla kaarkff} ma kmd olx ullx `lratxmbp ru tl 8585

*RABU 85;5k-!Kflaipmdb tjb olxgkf dmp`rppmlap ma @kaà& k pbxmbp lo bvbatp

hxlrijt tlibtjbx jbkdp lo ptktb kad xbuxbpbatktmvbp lo xbimlakfkad fl`kf ilvbxagbatp& hrpmabpp kad `mvmf pl`mbt}& pjly`kpmaijly plgb pb`tlxp& `lggramtmbp kad madmvmdrkfp kxb xkumdf}glvmai kjbkd tl gknb tjb txkapmtmla tl k fly`kxhla ortrxb!Aktmlakf ptxktbimbp kxb hbmai dbvbflubd ma gka} `lratxmbp&ma`frdmai Gbzm`l kad Rxrirk}! Tjmp glgbatrg mp bppbatmkf tltjb `kgukmia tl `lghkt `fmgktb `jkaib!

Ma tjb fbkdru tl @kaà& RABU kad `fmgktb p`mbatmptpurhfmpjbd k xbulxt pjlymai tjkt k pmiam `kat bgmppmlap iku bzmptphbtybba yjkt mp hbmai uxlgmpbd h} `lratxmbp kad yjkt mp abbdbdtl nbbu k iflhkf tbgubxktrxb xmpb hbfly 8@ ma tjb tybat} xpt`batrx}! Tjkt iku xbgkmap ulpt @kaà! Tjb xbulxt bptmgktbdtjkt& tl jkvb k fmnbf} `jka`b lo ptk}mai hbfly 8@& iflhkf bgmppmlapabbd tl ubkn kt kxlrad 44 imiktlaabp *It- lo @L 8 b{rmvkfbat ma8585! Orff} mgufbgbatmai tjb ufbdibp kad matbatmlap kppl`mktbd

ymtj tjb @lubajkiba K``lxd kad aly xb b`tbd ma tjb @kaàKixbbgbatp * Omirxb 8-& `lrfd ma tjb hbpt `kpb mdbatm bd h} tjbxbulxt& `rt bgmppmlap tl kxlrad 4= It lo @L 8 b{rmvkfbat h} 8585! Tjmp ylrfd fbkvb k iku lo kxlrad 2 It lo @L 8 b{rmvkfbat tjktabbdp tl hb hxmdibd lvbx tjb `lgmai db`kdbka kglrat b{rkftl tjb bgmppmlap lo kff tjb ylxfdp `kxp& hrpbp kad txr`np ma 8552*RABU 85;5h-!

Mavbptgbatp lo glxb tjka RP$8 txmffmla ubx }bkx mamaoxkptxr`trxb kflab hbtybba 85;5 kad 8505 kxb ab`bppkx} tl

k`jmbvb tjb 8@ ilkf!Tjb RAO@@@ Pb`xbtkxmkt jkp bptmgktbd tjkt:? ubx `bat lo tjb oradmai xb{rmxbd olx mavbptgbatp ma dbvbflumai`lratxmbp ymff `lgb oxlg tjb uxmvktb pb`tlx *RAO@@@ 8559-!@lgukambp kxb ymffmai tl `lapmdbx tjmp t}ub lo mavbptgbat momt gknbp ptxktbim` hrpmabpp pbapb ma tjb flai tbxg kad l bxpkdb{rktb xmpnkdcrptbd aka mkf xbtrxap *YH@PD 85;5-! Kxb`bat kakf}pmp lo gkclx matbxaktmlakf `lgukambp pruulxtp tjmp


16/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;?

kppbppgbat& pjlymai tjkt `lgukambp tjkt fbkd ma `fmgktbxbfktbdmaalvktmla kfpl jkvb jmijbx b`lalgm` ubxolxgka`b! Maalvktmla

kad dbvbflugbat lo aby tb`jalflimbp& gkxnbtmai ptxktbimbp kadukxtabxpjmup ulpmtmla tjbpb `lgukambp tl pbmsb luulxtramtmbpkad k`jmbvb prptkmabd ixlytj ma k `kxhla`laptxkmabd ortrxbhrpmabpp bavmxlagbat *Gkufb`xlot 85;5k-!

Tjb p`mbatm ` ol rp jkp xb`batf} hbba pjmotmai tlykxdpgbkprxbp tl kvlmd dkaibxlrp ykxgmai h} xbdr`mai bgmppmlapltjbx tjka tjlpb lo `kxhla dmlzmdb! Xbdr`bd bgmppmlap lo kmxulffrtkatp pr`j kp hfk`n `kxhla& txlulpujbxm` lslab kad lslabuxb`rxplxp& ma frdmai gbtjkab& alt laf} jbfu tl gmtmiktb `fmgktb

`jkaib& hrt kfpl hbab t jrgka jbkftj h} mguxlvmai kmx {rkfmt}*Hlz 8 -! Kp glpt prhptka`bp tjkt dbufbtb tjb ptxktlpujbxm` lslabfk}bx kxb kfpl ixbbajlrpb ikpbp& xbirfktmla radbx tjb Glatxbkf

@kakdk

Ramtbd Ptktbp

Gbzm`l

Hxksmf

Plrtj Koxm`k

M`bfkad

Brxlubka Ramla

Pymtsbxfkad

Glfdlvk

Alxyk}@xlktmk

Hbfkxrp

Rnxkmab Nksknjkptka

@jmak

Xrppmka Obdbxktmla

MadmkMpxkbf

Madlabpmk

Krptxkfmk

Aby Sbkfkad

Xburhfm` lo Nlxbk

Ckuka85

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Kaabz M `lratx}

Ra`ladmtmlakf ufbdib ' ubx`batkibxbdr`tmla ma bgmppmlap h} 8585 ymtjlrt`ladmtmlap kttk`jbd

Ala'Kaabz M lratx}

@ladmtmlakf ufbdib ' ubx`batkibxbdr`tmla ma bgmppmlap h} 8585`latmibat la ltjbx k`tmlap kad pruulxt

@lratxmbp ymtjlrt xbulxtbdbgmppmla ufbdibp

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Omirxb 83 Glxb tjka 88 Kaabz M kad Ala'Kaabz M `lratxmbp *madrptxmkfmsbd kad dbvbflumai `lratxmbp& xbpub`tmvbf}-& tlibtjbx ymtj tjb Brxlubkufbdibd tl xbdr`b tjbmx ixbbajlrpb ikp *IJI- bgmppmlap& ma @L8 b{rmvkfbat& h} 8585! Tjb gku pjlyp tjb ptktrp kp lo 0; Db`bghbx 85;5! Alt pjlyakxb @lptk Xm`k *yjm`j bzub`tp tl hb`lgb `kxhla abrtxkf h} 858;- kad Ukurk Aby Irmabk *yjm`j ufkap tl db`xbkpb mtp IJI bgmppmlap h} kt fbkpt25 ubx `bat hbolxb 8505 kad hb`lgb `kxhla abrtxkf hbolxb 8525-!Plrx`b3 RABU *85;5h-

Uxltl lf jkp kfxbkd} uxbvbatbd ;02 It lo @L 8 b{rmvkfbat maixbbajlrpb ikp bgmppmlap lvbx tjb ukpt tyl db`kdbp *_bfdbxp bt

kf! 8559-! Jlybvbx& j}dxl`jflxl rlxl`kxhlap *J@O@p- kad tjbmxxbufk bgbat j}dxl rlxl`kxhlap *JO@p- kxb hltj ixbbajlrpbikpbp kad tjb rftmgktb pmiam `ka`b lo tjb `fmgktb hbab tp ymffdbubad la yjm`j xbufk`bgbat tb jalflimbp kxb kdlutbd h}`lratxmbp! Orxtjbx ujkpb dlya lo JO@p& k``bfbxktbd ujkpmai lrtlo J@O@p& kad tjb xb`lvbx} kad dbptxr`tmla lo lslab dbufbtmaiprhptka`bp ma ykptb uxldr`tp kxb kddmtmlakf xbirfktlx} ptxktbimbptjkt `lrfd hb mgufbgbatbd ma tjb abkx tbxg *Glfmak bt kf!85;5-! Xb`bat ylxn h} p`mbatmptp kad ltjbx bzubxtp kxb dxkymai

kttbatmla tl `fmgktb `jkaib gmtmiktmla luulxtramtmbp bgbximaioxlg xbdr mai ala`kxhla dmlzmdb ixbbajlrpb ikpbp& pr`j kphfk`n `kxhla kad txlulpujbxm` lslab!


17/92


Plrx`b3 Kdkutbd oxlg MU@@ *8559- kad RP BUK *85;;-

Kbxlplfp kxb `lffb`tmlap lo kmxhlxab plfmd lx fm{rmd ukxtm`fbp*ltjbx tjka urxb yktbx- tjkt xbpmdb ma tjb ktglpujbxb olx ktfbkpt pbvbxkf jlrxp! Tjb} gk} hb aktrxkf lx katjxlulibam` malxmima!

Hfk`n `kxhla xbobxp tl hfk`n `kxhla`latkmamai kbxlplfpolxgbd tjxlrij ma`lgufbtb `lghrptmla lo olppmf orbfp&hmlorbfp kad hmlgkpp! Uxmgkx} plrx`bp ma`frdb bgmppmlap oxlgdmbpbf baimabp& `llnmai ptlvbp kad olxbpt xbp! Kftjlrij hfk`n`kxhla xbgkmap ma tjb ktglpujbxb olx laf} dk}p tl ybbnp& mtjkp xb`batf} bgbxibd kp ka mgulxtkat `latxmhrtlx tl `fmgktb`jkaib!

Gbtjkab *@J4- mp k ixbbajlrpb ikp glxb tjka 82 tmgbp kpb b`tmvb ma txkuumai jbkt ma tjb ktglpujbxb kp `kxhla dmlzmdb*@L8- lvbx k ;55}bkx ubxmld! Mt mp bgmttbd oxlg hltj aktrxkfkad jrgkama rba`bd plrx`bp! Tjb fkttbx ma`frdb fkad ffp&aktrxkf ikp kad ubtxlfbrg p}ptbgp& kixm`rftrxkf k`tmvmtmbp&`lkf gmamai& ykptbyktbx txbktgbat kad `bxtkma madrptxmkfuxl`bppbp! Gbtjkab mp kfpl k txlulpujbxm` lslab uxb`rxplx!

Lslab *L0- mp k ikpblrp ktglpujbxm` `laptmtrbat! Ma tjbtxlulpujbxb& tjb flybpt ukxt lo tjb ktglpujbxb *ymtjma:;2 ng lo tjb Bkxtjp prxok`b- yjbxb `flrdp kad ybktjbxujbalgbak l``rx& lslab mp `xbktbd h} ujltl`jbgm`kfxbk`tmlap mavlfvmai ikpbp tjkt xbprft oxlg hltj aktrxkf kadjrgka k`tmvmtmbp! Ma jmij `la`batxktmlap& txlulpujbxm` lslab`ka hb jkxgorf tl k ymdb xkaib lo fmvmai lxikampgp! Mt kfplk`tp kp k ixbbajlrpb ikp! Lslab ma tjb ptxktlpujbxb uxltb`tpkikmapt rftxkvmlfbt *R_- xkdmktmla!

Lslab uxb`rxplxp kxb `jbgm`kf `lgulradp yjm`j& matjb uxbpba`b lo plfkx xkdmktmla& xbk`t ymtj ltjbx `jbgm`kf`lgulradp tl olxg lslab ma tjb txlulpujbxb!

Ukxtm`rfktb gkttbx `lapmptp lo vbx} pgkff umb`bp lo plfmd lxfm{rmd gkttbx pr`j kp ukxtm`fbp lo pllt *hfk`n `kxhla-& drpt&orgbp& gmptp lx kbxlplfp!

Xkdmktmvb olx`maimp k gbkprxb lo jly tjb babxi} hkfka`b lotjb Bkxtjktglpujbxb p}ptbg ymtj puk`b mp ma rba`bd yjbaok`tlxp tjkt k b`t tjb `fmgktb kxb kftbxbd! Tjb ma rba`b lo kok`tlx tjkt `ka `krpb `fmgktb `jkaib& pr`j kp k ixbbajlrpbikp& mp lotba bvkfrktbd ma tbxgp lo mtp xkdmktmvb olx mai! Tjbylxdxkdmktmvb kxmpbp hb`krpb tjbpb ok`tlxp `jkaib tjbhkfka`b hbtybba ma`lgmai plfkx xkdmktmla kad lrtilmaimaoxkxbd xkdmktmla ymtjma tjb Bkxtjp ktglpujbxb! Tjmp xkdmktmvbhkfka`b `latxlfp tjb Bkxtjp prxok`b tbgubxktrxb!

Hlz 83 Xbdr`mai hfk`n `kxhla kad txlulpujbxm` lslab

Fmgmtmai `fmgktb `jkaib kad mguxlvmai kmx {rkfmt} kxb tyl lo tjb glptuxbppmai bavmxlagbatkf `jkffbaibp! Tjb} kxb kfpl `flpbf} fmanbd! Tjbxb mpk hxlkd `lapbaprp tjkt k`tmla mp xb{rmxbd tl kddxbpp abkx'tbxg `fmgktb`jkaib ma tjb xpt jkfo lo tjmp `batrx}& kp ybff kp tl uxltb`t tjb `fmgktb

ma tjb flai'tbxg! B lxtp tl xbdr`b @L 8 bgmppmlap ma lxdbx tl uxltb`t tjbflai'tbxg `fmgktb abbd tl ptkxt aly& bvba tjlrij tjb} ymff alt pmiam `katf}k b`t abkx'tbxg `fmgktb `jkaib! Jlybvbx& tjbpb b lxtp ymff hb glptb b`tmvb mo bgmppmlap lo tjb )pjlxt'fmvbd `fmgktb olx`bxp) *PF@Op- kxb xbdr`bd&bpub`mkff} tjlpb lo hfk`n `kxhla& txlulpujbxm` lslab& kad tjb txlulpujbxm`lslab uxb`rxplxp gbtjkab *@J 4- kad `kxhla glalzmdb *@L-! Pma`b tjbpbprhptka`bp kxb kfpl jkxgorf kmx ulffrtkatp& kmx {rkfmt} gbkprxbp tjkt kddxbpptjbg gmijt jkvb `fmgktb `l'hbab tp!

P`mbatm ` bvmdba`b kad aby kakf}pbp& ma`frdmai k aby kppbppgbat h} RABU

kad tjb Ylxfd Gbtblxlflim`kf Lxikamsktmla *YGL- *RABU,YGL 85;;-&pjly tjkt `latxlffmai hfk`n `kxhla kad txlulpujbxm` lslab bgmppmlaptjxlrij tjb xkumd mgufbgbatktmla lo uxlvba bgmppmla xbdr`tmla gbkprxbpylrfd jkvb mggbdmktb kad grftmufb hbab tp olx jrgka ybff'hbmai! Makddmtmla tl fmgmtmai `fmgktb `jkaib& xbdr`mai PF@O bgmppmlap `ka dmxb`tf}mguxlvb jrgka jbkftj& olld uxldr`tmla kad tjb uxlvmpmla lo b`lp}ptbgpbxvm`bp!

Hfk`n `kxhla kad txlulpujbxm` lslab kxb tyl prhptka`bp tjkt jkvb`latxmhrtbd lapmdbxkhf} tl ykxgmai kad xbimlakf fmgktb dmpxrutmla& kpybff kp dmxb`tf} dkgkimai jbkftj kad `xlup! Jlybvbx& tjbpb prhptka`bpjkvb alt hbba imvba uxmlxmt} drxmai tjb `fmgktb `jkaib abiltmktmlap!Lab lo tjb nb} uxlubxtmbp lo hfk`n `kxhla kad txlulpujbxm` lslab& kpybff kp lo gbtjkab *ka mgulxtkat ixbbajlrpb ikp tjkt mp kfpl ka lslabuxb`rxplx-& mp tjkt tjb} jkvb pjlxt fmobtmgbp ma tjb ktglpujbxb! Tjbhbab tp lo xbdr`mai tjbmx `la`batxktmlap `ka tjbxbolxb hb k`jmbvbd matjb abkx tbxg olx hltj `fmgktb kad kmx {rkfmt}'xbfktbd mguk`tp!

Tjb khlvb gbatmlabd RABU,YGL kppbppgbat uxlvmdbp ka lvbxvmby lo tjb ptktb lo p`mba`b la tjbpb tyl prhptka`bp! Mt jkp kfpl radbxtknba abykakf}pbp tl bvkfrktb tjb hbab tp lo k pbt lo gbkprxbp mdbatm bd ma tjbkppbppgbat tjkt gknb rpb lo bzmptmai tb`jalfli}! Tjbpb gbkprxbp ol`rpla xbdr`mai hfk`n `kxhla kad lslab uxb`rxplx bgmppmlap * Tkhfb ; -! Mabvkfrktmai tjb hbab tp lo tjbmx mgufbgbatktmla& mt mp mgulxtkat tl tknb matlk``lrat tjbmx b b`tp la kff bgmppmlap! Tjb gbkprxbp ma tjb kppbppgbat ybxbmdbatm bd kp tjlpb uxlvmdmai yma'yma hbab tp olx `fmgktb kp ybff kp olxjbkftj kad `xlu }mbfdp! Tjb kppbppgbat adp tjkt mo tjb gbkprxbp fmptbd ma Tkhfb ; ybxb orff} mgufbgbatbd iflhkff}& tjb} ylrfd prhptkatmkff} gmtmiktbabkx'tbxg iflhkf ykxgmai& ma`xbkpb ylxfd olld uxldr`tmla& kad xbdr`buxbgktrxb glxtkfmt} drb tl lrtdllx kmx ulffrtmla!

Ma `lghmaktmla ymtj @L8 `latxlf gbkprxbp kmgbd kt ptkhmfmsmaiktglpujbxm` ixbbajlrpb ikp `la`batxktmlap kt 425 ukxtp ubx gmffmla *uug-@L8 b{rmvkfbat& tjbpb gbkprxbp prhptkatmkff} xbdr`b tjb xmpn tjkt ykxgmaiymff bz`bbd tjb 8@ ilkf kixbbd kt @LU ;? ma @ka`a *Omirxb 0-! Nbbumaihbfly tjb 8@ fbvbf lo ykxgmai mp bztxbgbf} rafmnbf} ymtjlrt abkx'tbxggbkprxbp tl `latxlf bgmppmlap lo hltj pjlxt'fmvbd ulffrtkatp kad flai'fmvbdixbbajlrpb ikpbp& uxmgkxmf} @L8! Bvba ymtj kff tjbpb bgmppmla `latxlf


18/92

: RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;

gbkprxbp ma ufk`b& iflhkf gbka tbgubxktrxbp ylrfd ptmff jkvb k prhptkatmkf`jka`b lo bz`bbdmai 8@ tlykxdp tjb bad lo tjb `batrx}! Tjrp& orxtjbxbgmppmla xbdr`tmlap `lrfd hb xb{rmxbd mo tjkt tkxibt& lx k glxb ptxmaibatlab lo ;!2@& kxb alt tl hb bz`bbdbd!

Ykxgmai bzubxmba`bd ma dm bxbat xbimlap vkxmbp! Hfk`n `kxhla kadtxlulpujbxm` lslab jkvb gkdb fkxibx `latxmhrtmlap tl tjb ykxgmai lo Kx`tm` prxok`b tbgubxktrxbp pma`b ;:=5 tjka tjb} jkvb tl tjb iflhkf kvbxkib! Tjb mdbatm bd gbkprxbp `lrfd xbdr`b Kx`tm` ykxgmai h} khlrt 5!9@ *ymtjk xkaib lo 5!8';!0@- ma 8545! Tjmp mp abkxf} tyl'tjmxdp lo tjb bptmgktbd ;!;@ykxgmai *ymtj k xkaib lo 5!9';!9@- uxlcb`tbd olx tjb Kx`tm` radbx tjbkppbppgbatp xbobxba`b p`bakxml kad pjlrfd prhptkatmkff} db`xbkpb tjb xmpn lo iflhkf mguk`tp oxlg `jkaibp ma tjmp pbapmtmvb xbimla& pr`j kp pbk m`b flpp*yjm`j k b`tp iflhkf kfhbdl- kad ubxgkoxlpt gbft! Hfk`n `kxhla kad lslab

ma tjb flybx ktglpujbxb kfpl jkvb ltjbx gkclx xbimlakf `fmgktb mguk`tp! Olxbzkgufb& tjb} dmptrxh txlum`kf xkmaokff kad xbimlakf `mx`rfktmla ukttbxap& pr`jkp tjb Kpmka glaplla& k b`tmai tjb fmvbfmjlldp lo gmffmlap lo ublufb!

Orff mgufbgbatktmla lo tjb mdbatm bd gbkprxbp `lrfd kvlmd 8!4 gmffmla

uxbgktrxb dbktjp *ymtjma k xkaib lo 5!9'4!? gmffmla- kad tjb flpp lo 28 gmffmla tlaabp& lx ;'4 ubx `bat& lo iflhkf uxldr`tmla lo gkmsb& xm`b&pl}hbka kad yjbkt bk`j }bkx *ymtjma k xkaib lo 05';45 gmffmla tlaabp-*Omirxb 4-! Tjb ixbktbpt hbab tp ymff hb obft mggbdmktbf} ma lx abkx tjbxbimlap yjbxb k`tmlap kxb tknba tl xbdr`b bgmppmlap& ymtj tjb ixbktbptjbkftj kad `xlu hbab tp bzub`tbd ma Kpmk! Lvbx :5 ubx `bat lo tjb xbdr`tmlama glxtkfmt} drb tl mgufbgbatmai kff tjb gbkprxbp ymff hbab t ublufb latjkt `latmabat!

Tjb hbab tp lo kvlmdbd `xlu }mbfd flpp `ka hb kttxmhrtbd b{rkff} tlgbkprxbp tl xbdr`b gbtjkab bgmppmlap kad gbkprxbp tl xbdr`b tjlpblo hfk`n `kxhla! Tjmp mp hb`krpb mgufbgbatmai gbkprxbp tl xbdr`b hfk`n `kxhla xbprftp ma k xbdr`tmla lo lslab uxb`rxplx bgmppmlap tjkt kxb`l'bgmttbd ymtj hfk`n `kxhla! Tjb mdbatm bd gbkprxbp ma Tkhfb ; kxb kff`rxxbatf} ma rpb ma dm bxbat xbimlap kxlrad tjb ylxfd tl k`jmbvb k vkxmbt}lo bavmxlagbat kad dbvbflugbat lhcb`tmvbp! Gr`j ymdbx kad glxb xkumdmgufbgbatktmla mp xb{rmxbd& jlybvbx& tl xbkfmsb tjb orff hbab tp mdbatm bdma tjb RABU,YGL kppbppgbat!

@J 4 kad H@ Gbkprxbp

@L8 & @J4 kadH@ Gbkprxbp

@L8 gbkprxbpXbobxba`b

;=55

5

;

8

0

;=25 8555 8525

T b g u b x k

t r x b

* @ - x b f k t

m v b t l ; : = 5

' ; = ; 5

Omirxb 03 Lhpbxvbd tbgubxktrxbp tjxlrij 855= kad uxlcb`tbd tbgubxktrxbptjbxbkotbx radbx vkxmlrp p`bakxmlp& kff xbfktmvb tl tjb ;:=5';=;5 gbka!Fmijt kad dkxn ixbba hk`nixlradp madm`ktb slabp yjbxb uxlcb`tbdtbgubxktrxbp kxb ixbktbx tjka ;!2@ kad 8@& xbpub`tmvbf}!Altbp3 K`trkf gbka tbgubxktrxb lhpbxvktmlap tjxlrij 855=& kad uxlcb`tbd radbx vkxmlrp p`bakxmlp tjbxbkotbx& kxb pjlya xbfktmvb tl tjb ;:=5';=;5 gbka tbgubxktrxb! Bptmgktbd xkaibp olx 8595 kxb pjlya ma tjb hkxp latjb xmijt! K ulxtmla lo tjb ra`bxtkmat} mp `lggla tl kff p`bakxmlp& pl tjkt lvbxfkuumai xkaibp dl alt gbka tjbxb mp al dmoobxba`b! Olx bzkgufb&mo `fmgktb pbapmtmvmt} mp fkxib& mt mp fkxib xbikxdfbpp lo tjb p`bakxml> ptbgubxktrxbp ma kff p`bakxmlp ylrfd hb tlykxdp tjb jmij bad lo tjbmx xkaibp!Plrx`b3 RABU,YGL *85;;-

Tkhfb ;3 Mdbatmombd gbkprxbp ymtj tjb ultbatmkf tl pmiamom`katf} xbdr`b abkx'tbxg `fmgktb `jkaib kad mguxlvb kmx {rkfmt}

Gbkprxb Pb`tlx

H@ gbkprxbp *k b`tmai hfk`n `kxhla kad ltjbx `l'bgmttbd `lgulradp-

Dmbpbf ukxtm`fb ftbxp lx xlkd kad lo'xlkd vbjm`fbp TxkapulxtBfmgmaktmla l jmij'bgmttmai vbjm`fbp ma xlkd kad lo'xlkd txkapulxtXbufk`mai lkf h} lkf hxm{rbttbp ma llnmai kad jbktmai ptlvbp XbpmdbatmkfUbffbt ptlvbp kad hlmfbxp& rpmai rbf gkdb xlg xb`}`fbd ylld ykptb lxpkydrpt& tl xbufk`b `rxxbat ylld'hrxamai tb`jalflimbp ma tjb xbpmdbatmkfpb`tlx ma madrptxmkfmsbd `lratxmbpMatxldr`tmla l `fbka'hrxamai hmlgkpp ptlvbp lx `llnmai kad jbktmai madbvbflumai `lratxmbpPrhptmtrtmla l `fbka'hrxamai `llnmai ptlvbp rpmai gldbxa rbfp lx txkdmtmlakfhmlgkpp `llnmai ptlvbp ma dbvbflumai `lratxmbpXbufk`mai txkdmtmlakf hxm`n nmfap ymtj vbxtm`kf pjk t nmfap kad ymtj Jlogkanmfap

Madrptx}

Xbufk`mai txkdmtmlakf `lnb lvbap ymtj gldbxa xb`lvbx} lvbap& ma`frdmai tjbmguxlvbgbat l bad'l 'umub khktbgbat gbkprxbp ma dbvbflumai `lratxmbpHka l luba hrxamai l kixm`rftrxkf ykptb Kixm`rftrxb@J4 gbkprxbp

Bztbadbd uxb'gmab dbikpm `ktmla kad xb`lvbx} kad lzmdktmla l @J4 xlgvbatmfktmla kmx xlg `lkf gmabp

Bztxk`tmla kad txkapulxt l lppmfrbf

Bztbadbd xb`lvbx} kad rtmfmsktmla& xktjbx tjka vbatmai& l kppl`mktbd ikp kadmguxlvbd `latxlf l ramatbadbd rimtmvb bgmppmlap xlg tjb uxldr`tmla l lmfkad aktrxkf ikpXbdr`bd ikp fbknkib xlg flai'dmptka`b txkapgmppmla umubfmabpPbukxktmla kad txbktgbat l hmldbixkdkhfb gram`mukf ykptb tjxlrijxb`}`fmai& `lgulptmai kad kakbxlhm` dmibptmla kp ybff kp fkad ff ikp `lffb`tmlaymtj `lghrptmla,rtmfmsktmla

Ykptb gkakibgbat

Ruixkdmai uxmgkx} ykptbyktbx txbktgbat tl pb`ladkx},tbxtmkx} txbktgbatymtj ikp xb`lvbx} kad lvbx ly `latxlf@latxlf l @J4bgmppmlap xlg fmvbptl`n& gkmaf} tjxlrij kxg'p`kfb kakbxlhm`dmibptmla l gkarxb xlg `kttfb kad umip

Kixm`rftrxb

Matbxgmttbat kbxktmla l `latmarlrpf} lldbd xm`b ukddmbp

Plrx`b3 RABU,YGL *85;;-


19/92

=B_BATP KAD DB_BFLUGBATP

5

@J 4gbkprxbp

@J 4 kad H@gbkprxbp

5!;

5!8

5!0

5!4

5!2

5!?

5!9

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Iflhkf gbkakvlmdbd

ykxgmai ma 8525* @-

5

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;

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8

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82

25

92

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Kaarkff} kvlmdbd`xlu }mbfd flppbp

*tltkf gkmsb&xm`b& pl}hbkakad yjbkt&

gmffmla tlaabp-

Omirxb 43 Iflhkf mguk`tp lo mdbatmombd bgmppmla `latxlfgbkprxbp ol`rpmai la gbtjkab *@J4- kad hfk`n `kxhla*H@-& `kf`rfktbd h} tknmai tjb kvbxkib xbprft oxlg xraamaityl iflhkf `fmgktb'`lgulpmtmla gldbfp& IMPP kadB@JKG! Hbabomtp kxb pjlya ymtj ma`xbkpmai vkfrbp glvmaidlyaykxd& tl bgujkpmsb tjkt tjbpb kxb xbdr`tmlap madkgkibp!Altbp3 Tjb fmabp la bk`j hkx pjly tjb xkaib lo bptmgktbp!

Tjb} ma`frdb3 olx `fmgktb `jkaib& tjb xkaib lo ra`bxtkmat} ma xkdmktmvb olx`mai kad `fmgktb pbapmtmvmt}> olx jrgkajbkftj& ra`bxtkmat} ma `la`batxktmla'xbpulapb xbfktmlapjmup*olx UG8!2 kad lslab- kad ma tjb rpb lo xbprftp oxlg dmoobxbat gldbfp> kad olx olld pb`rxmt}& tjb xkaib lo mguk`tp`kf`rfktbd rpmai lslab `jkaibp oxlg dmoobxbat gldbfp kad ra`bxtkmat} ma bzulprxb'xbpulapb xbfktmlapjmu! Kvlmdbd xlu }mbfd flppbp kxb prggbd vkfrbp olx tjb mguk`t lo xbdr`bd lslab `la`batxktmlap la yjbkt& xm`b& pl}hbka kad gkmsb!Plrx`b3 RABU,YGL *85;;-

Krtlmggrab dmpbkpbp kxb `lgglaf} `jkxk`tbxmsbd kp kixlru lo dmplxdbxp tjkt tkxibt tmpprbp kad lxikap& `krpmai tjbmggrab p}ptbg tl hb makuuxluxmktbf} k`tmvktbd kad tl uxldr`bdbptxr`tmvb xbpulapbp kikmapt pbfokatmibap *tjkt mp& `laptmtrbatplo tjb hld}p lya tmpprbp `kukhfb lo ptmgrfktmai krtlmggramt}-!

Ukxtm`rfktb gkttbx `lapmptp lo prpubadbd ukxtm`rfktbp& tjbpgkffbx lo yjm`j kxb `kukhfb lo ubabtxktmai dbbu matl tjbxbpumxktlx} txk`t kad `krpmai pmiam `kat jbkftj dkgkib!Ukxtm`rfktbp kad PL8 `ka hb bgmttbd oxlg `lkf xbd ulybxufkatp ymtjlrt b b`tmvb bgmppmla `latxlfp& ptbbf gmffp& madrptxmkfhlmfbxp& dlgbptm` jbktmai kad olppmf orbf `lghrptmla!

YJL Kmx [rkfmt} Irmdbfmab *K[I-3kaarkf gbka `la`batxktmlaplo al glxb tjka 85 i,g 0 olx UG;5 kad ;5 i,g

0 olx UG8!2!

Amtxliba dmlzmdb *AL8- mp bgmttbd h} gltlx vbjm`fbp&madrptxmkf k`tmvmtmbp& amtxliba obxtmfmsbxp& orbf kad hmlgkpp`lghrptmla& kad kbxlhm` db`lgulpmtmla lo lxikam` gkttbx maplmfp kad l`bkap!

YJL K[I3 kaarkf gbka `la`batxktmlap hbfly 45 i,g 0!

Prfujrx dmlzmdb *PL8- mp ka kmx ulffrtkat uxldr`bd yjbaolppmf orbfp `latkmamai prfujrx kxb hrxabd! PL8 kad AL 8bgmppmlap fbkd tl dbulpmtmla lo k`md xkma kad ltjbx k`mdm``lgulradp lvbx flai dmptka`bp& yjm`j ma trxa `ka fbkd tlfbk`jmai lo txk`b gmabxkfp kad artxmbatp `xmtm`kf tl txbbp kadufkatp!

YJL K[I3 dkmf} gbka `la`batxktmlap lo 85 i,g 0!

Bgbximai `laab`tmlap hbtybba kmx ulffrtmla kad jrgka jbkftj

bgbximai bvmdba`b tjkt mt gk} kfpl k b`t ltjbx hld} p}ptbgp kadmp k ultbatmkf `latxmhrtlx tl tjb ma`xbkpb ma krtlmggrab dmpbkpbppr`j kp t}ub ; dmkhbtbp& grftmufbp`fbxlpmp kad xjbrgktlmdkxtjxmtmp*Xmts 85;5- *Omirxb 2-!

Kmx ulffrtmla jkp flai hbba nalya tl jkvb ymdbpuxbkd b b`tpla jrgka jbkftj! Ullx kmx {rkfmt} mp kppl`mktbd ymtj ma`xbkpbdglxhmdmt} kad glxtkfmt}! Yjmfb mt mp ybff bptkhfmpjbd tjkt bzulprxbtl ktglpujbxm` ulffrtkatp `ka dkgkib tjb fraip& tjbxb mp


20/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;;5

@xdlhk

Xml db Ckabmx

Pl Ukrfl

Glatxkf Tlxlatl

Hlilt

Pkatmkil

Jkvkak

[rmtl

Gbzm`l @mt}

@kxk`kp

Aby ]lxn

Flp Kaibfbp

Iflhkf kmx ulffrtmla3 ab ukxtm`rfktb gkttbx UG8!2*i,g0-

Rxhka kmx ulffrtmla3Ukxtm`rfktb gkttbx UG;5 *i,g

0-

Amtxliba dmlzmdb *i,g0-

Prfujrx dmlzmdb *i,g0-

05 88

8= ;8=

05

04 40 :0

22 =924 8= :;

;? 00 29

85 ;9 40 ;9 ;5 48

85 8? 9=

08 = 94

4: 94 ;05

85 ; 2

5 2 ;5

Tjb iflhkf gku pjlyp `la`batxktmlap lo ab ukxtm`rfktbgkttbx 8!2 gm`xlgbtbxp lx fbpp ma dmkgbtbx *UG8!2-! Mt ykp `xbktbdh} `lghmamai kbxlplf gbkprxbgbatp oxlg pktbffmtb lhpbxvktmlaphbtybba 855; kad 855? ymtj maolxgktmla khlrt tjb vbxtm`kfdmptxmhrtmla lo kbxlplfp oxlg k `lgurtbx gldbf! Ukxtm`rfkxf}jmij UG 8!2 `la`batxktmlap kxb pjlya ma `batxkf kad bkptbxa Kpmk!

Tjb} bz`bbd 02 gm`xlixkgp ubx `rhm` gbtxb *i,g0

- olx 4525ubx `bat lo tjb ulurfktmla ma tjkt xbimla! @la`batxktmlap kt tjmpfbvbf kad jmijbx kxb kppl`mktbd ymtj ka ma`xbkpbd xmpn lo glxtkfmt}lo kuuxlzmgktbf} ;2 ubx `bat& k` lxdmai tl YJLp kmx {rkfmt}irmdbfmabp *YJL 855?& vka Dlanbfkkx bt kf! 85;5-!

Omirxb 23 Iflhkf kad rxhka kmxulffrtmla!Plrx`b3 Kdkutbd oxlg vka Dlanbfkkx bt kf! *85;5- kad Ylxfd Hkan *85;5-


21/92

;;B_BATP KAD DB_BFLUGBATP

Gbfhlrxab

P}dab}

@kmxl

HbxfmaUkxmp

K``xk

Ktjbap

Nlfnktk

Cknkxtk

Xlgb

Tbjxka Tln}l

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Pblrf

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Kr`nfkad

Gkamfk

Hbmcmai

Pjkaijkm

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Cljkaabphrxi

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;0 0 85

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Kmx ulffrtmla bptmgktbp `ka kfpl xbuxbpbat xbpmdbatp kvbxkibkaarkf fbvbf lo bzulprxb tl kddmtmlakf ulffrtkatp pr`j kp lrtdllxukxtm`rfktb gkttbx fbpp tjka ;5 gm`xlgbtbxp ma dmkgbtbx *UG ;5 -&prfujrx dmlzmdb *PL8- kad amtxliba dmlzmdb *AL8-! Tjb rxhkaulffrtkat `la`batxktmlap pjlya ma tjb gku kxb pbapmtmvb tlfl`kf `ladmtmlap kad `ka dm bx ymtjma tjb pkgb rxhka kxbk! Dktk

la ukxtm`rfktb gkttbx kxb lotba bptmgktbd kp kvbxkib kaarkf`la`batxktmlap ma xbpmdbatmkf kxbkp& kyk} oxlg kmx ulffrtmlajltpultppr`j kp madrptxmkf dmptxm`tp kad txkapulxt `lxxmdlxp! TjbPL8 kad AL 8 `la`batxktmla dktk kxb hkpbd la kvbxkib lhpbxvbd`la`batxktmlap kt rxhka glamtlxmai pmtbp *Ylxfd Hkan 85;5-!


22/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;;8

Crf}& Krirpt& Pbutbghbx txbad *u65!52- Crf}& Krirpt& Pbutbghbx txbad *u15!52- Ckarkx}& Obhxrkx}& Gkx`j txbad *u65!52-

Ckarkx}& Obhxrkx}& Gkx`j txbad *u15!52-

mafkad yktbxp kad ;5 ubx `bat lo `lkptkf kad gkxmab kxbkp h} 8585!@rxxbatf}& ;0 ubx `bat lo fkad kad fbpp tjka ; ubx `bat lo l`bkapkxb uxltb`tbd olx `lapbxvktmla! Tjb gbbtmai kfpl kixbbd la tjbAkil}k Uxltl lf la k``bpp tl kad pjkxmai lo hbab tp oxlg tjbrpb lo tjb ufkabtp ibabtm` xbplrx`bp! Tjmp matbxaktmlakf uxltl`lf

uxlvmdbp k oxkgbylxn olx k``bpp tl ibabtm` xbplrx bp hkpbd lauxmlx maolxgbd `lapbat kad grtrkff} kixbbd tbxgp& ymtj okmx kadb{rmtkhfb pjkxmai lo hbab tp kad ma `lapmdbxktmla lo txkdmtmlakfnalyfbdib! Tjb uxltl`lf mp bzub`tbd tl batbx matl olx`b h} 85;8*@HD 85;5-!

Glamtlxmai dktk `la xg tjkt hmldmvbxpmt} mp glxb tjka bvbxradbx tjxbkt! K``lxdmai tl k xb`bat xbulxt& lvbx 88 ubx `bat lo tjbylxfdp ufkatp kxb kt xmpn lo bztma`tmla& ma fkxib ukxt drb tl flpp lojkhmtktp tjxlrij `lavbxpmla lo aktrxkf kxbkp olx kixm`rftrxkf rpb&

ma`frdmai olld kad hmlorbf uxldr`tmla! Xbimlap yjbxb ufkatp kxbradbx tjb ixbktbpt tjxbkt ma`frdb Plrtj Bkpt Kpmk& Hxksmf *GktkKtfatm`k-& Krptxkfkpmk& Gkdkikp`kx kad Brxlub *MR@A 85;5-!

K prxvb} h} tjb Iflhkf Bavmxlagbat Ok`mfmt} *IBO- pjlyp tjkthmldmvbxpmt} `lapbxvktmla mp lab lo `lratxmbp nb} bavmxlagbatkf`la`bxap! Mt kfpl mdbatm bp fk`n lo `lguxbjbapmvb kad kdb{rktbbavmxlagbatkf ulfm`mbp kad ybkn fbimpfktmvb kad xbirfktlx}maptxrgbatp kp xbkplap olx fmgmtbd mguxlvbgbat ma bavmxlagbatkfgkakibgbat *IBO 85;5- * Omirxb 9-!

Aby ulfm`} xbpulapbptl tjbabbd olxhmldmvbxpmt} `lapbxvktmlakmg tl gknb hmldmvbxpmt} vkfrbp ma xbkpmaif} vmpmhfb& tjrpba`lrxkimai glxb b `mbat rpb kp ybff kp `lapbxvktmla! Pl`mbt}pymffmaiabpp tl uk} tl `lapbxvb ukxtm`rfkx pub`mbp lx fkadp`kubp& olxbzkgufb olx olld lx ylld uxldr`tmla& jkvb txkdmtmlakff} maolxgbdb`lalgm` vkfrktmlap lo aktrxb! Matkaimhfb vkfrbp& yjm`j kxb lotbaalt xb b`tbd& vkx} k``lxdmai tl fl`kf hmluj}pm`kf kad b`lflim`kf`mx`rgptka`bp kad pl`mkf& b`lalgm` kad `rftrxkf `latbztp!

K `jkaib ma tjmanmai mp abbdbd& pl tjkt db`mpmla gknbxpkad ltjbx ptknbjlfdbxp ymff xbikxd b`lp}ptbg `lapbxvktmla kadxbptlxktmla kp k vmkhfb mavbptgbat lutmla tjkt `ka pruulxt k xkaiblo ulfm`} ilkfp ma`frdmai olld pb`rxmt}& rxhka dbvbflugbat& yktbxurxm `ktmla kad ykptbyktbx txbktgbat& xbimlakf dbvbflugbat&kad `fmgktb `jkaib gmtmiktmla kad kdkutktmla *TBBH 85;5-!Hxksmf& Madmk kad Ckuka kxb tjxbb `lratxmbp tjkt kxb tknmai ptbuptl ma`lxulxktb ka b`lp}ptbg pbxvm`b kuuxlk`j yjm`j `ka mdbatmo}hltj tjb hbab tp kad `lptp lo `lapbxvmai lx xbptlxmai aktrxb!

Madmk jkp kfxbkd} kaalra`bd ufkap tl dbvbflu kad mgufbgbat koxkgbylxn olx ixbba aktmlakf k``lratp h} 85;2!Baikimai `mtmsbap ma hmldmvbxpmt} uxlixkggbp `ka olptbx

kykxbabpp kad bajka`b tjb ulfm`} uxl`bpp! Ymtj 8 hmffmla ublufblafmab kad =5 ubx `bat lo tjb ylxfd ulurfktmla rpmai glhmfbujlabp *MTR 85;5-& aby luulxtramtmbp tl ukxtm`muktb ma hmldmvbxpmt}`lapbxvktmla b lxtp kxb kxmpmai!

Omirxb ?3 Ylxfdymdb txbadp ma amijttmgb fknb prxok`b tbgubxktrxb dbxmvbdoxlg pktbffmtb dktk!Plrx`b3 P`jabmdbx kad Jlln *85;5-

Ykxgmai fknbpYktbx ma gka} lo tjb ylxfdp fkxibpt fknbp mp ykxgmai kp k xbprft lo`fmgktb `jkaib * Omirxb ?-! Tjmp mp tjb lrt`lgb lo k 82}bkx prxvb}lo tjb prxok`b yktbx tbgubxktrxbp lo ;?9 lo tjb fkxibpt fknbprpmai pktbffmtb dktk *P`jabmdbx kad Jlln 85;5-! Ma bk`j db`kdb

tbgubxktrxbp jkvb ma`xbkpbd h} 5!42@ la kvbxkib! Ma plgb fknbptjb} xlpb h} ;@! Kftjlrij tjmp gk} pbbg k gldbpt ruykxd txbad&bvba pgkff ma`xbkpbp ma tbgubxktrxb `ka jkvb dxkgktm` b b`tpla yktbx {rkfmt} kad b`lp}ptbgp ma fknbp! Olx bzkgufb& tjb} `kamadr`b kfikf hfllgp& bajka`b tjb xmpn tjkt mavkpmvb pub`mbp ymffhb`lgb bptkhfmpjbd& lx `krpb pjmotp ma ufkat kad pj ulurfktmlap!Pma`b gr j k{rktm` fmob mp `la abd ymtjma tjb hlradkxmbp lofknbp& lutmlap tl gmixktb tl ltjbx& `llfbx jkhmtktp kxb fmgmtbd!Orxtjbx ykxgmai `lrfd tjbxbolxb xbprft ma xkumd hmldmvbxpmt} flpp

ma oxbpjyktbx b`lp}ptbgp!Glpt p`mbatmptp jkvb rpbd kmx tbgubxktrxb gkmaf} tl glamtlx

`fmgktb `jkaib! Glamtlxmai ykxgmai txbadp ma fknbp gk} hb k abyyk} tl kppbpp tjb mguk`tp lo iflhkf `fmgktb `jkaib la Bkxtj!

Hmldmvbxpmt} radbx tjxbkttmgb tl k`t 85;5 ykp tjb Matbxaktmlakf ]bkx lo Hmldmvbxpmt}! K pmiam `katmatbxilvbxagbatkf kixbbgbat ykp xbk`jbd ma Akil}k& Ckuka& maL`tlhbx kt tjb @laobxba`b lo tjb Ukxtmbp tl tjb @lavbatmla la

Hmlflim`kf Dmvbxpmt} *@LU ;5-& yjba ilvbxagbatp kixbbd tl xbabytjbmx ufbdib tl xbdr`b tjb iflhkf xktb lo hmldmvbxpmt} flpp! Tjb abytba}bkx Ptxktbim` Ufka& yjm`j xbufk`bp tjb uxbvmlrp& rak`jmbvbdtkxibt lo jkftmai hmldmvbxpmt} flpp h} 85;5& ymff irmdb matbxaktmlakfkad aktmlakf b lxtp! Kglai mtp tkxibtp mp kt fbkpt jkfvmai kad&yjbxb obkpmhfb& hxmaimai `flpb tl sbxl tjb xktb lo flpp lo aktrxkfjkhmtktp& ma`frdmai olxbptp& kad uxltb`tmai ;9 ubx `bat lo fkad kad


23/92

;0B_BATP KAD DB_BFLUGBATP

Omirxb 93 @lratxmbp uxmlxmt}bavmxlagbatkf la`bxap! Lrt lo;;= `lratxmbp ukxtm`muktmai ma tjbIBO Aktmlakf @kuk`mt} Pbfo'Kppbppgbatp *A@PK- prxvb}&glxb tjka ;55 mdbatmombdhmldmvbxpmt} `lapbxvktmla kp kuxmlxmt} bavmxlagbatkf la`bxa!Plrx`b3 IBO *85;5-

'

5 85 45 ?5 :5 ;55 ;85

Arghbx lo `lratxmbp

Fkad rpbPrptkmakhfb fkad gkakibgbat

Plmf `latkgmaktmlaPlmf flpp

Xkaibfkad gkakibgbat

Kixl'hmldmvbxpmt}Dbolxbptktmla

Jkhmtkt dkgkibPrptkmakhfb rpb

Hmldmvbxpmt} `lapbxvktmlaBadkaibxbd pub`mbp

Mavkpmvb kfmba pub`mbpHmlpkobt}

Yktbx ulffrtmla

@lkptkf bxlpmla@lkptkf gkakibgbat

Raprptkmakhfb pjbxmbpYbtfkadp `lapbxvktmla

Oxbpjyktbx xbplrx`bp_rfabxkhmfmt} tl `fmgktb `jkaib

Pbk fbvbf xmpbXbdr`tmla lo ixbbajlrpb ikpbp

K``bpp kad hbab tp pjkxmai

K aby matbxaktmlakf hld}& tjb Matbxilvbxagbatkf Ufktolxg la Hmldmvbxpmt} kad B`lp}ptbg Pbxvm`bp *MUHBP-& ykp olxgkff} kuuxlvbd h} tjb RIbabxkf Kppbghf} ma Db`bghbx! Mt ymff ylxn tl hxmdib p`mbatmom` nalyfbdib la hmldmvbxpmt} db`fmab kad b`lp}ptbg dbixkdktmla ymtj nalyfbdtl tjb boob`tmvb ulfm`} plfrtmlap kad xbpulapbp xb{rmxbd tl xbvbxpb dkgkimai txbadp *RABU 85;5` kad d-!@xbdmt3 @laxkd Pkv}


24/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;;4;4 RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;

Ibttmai mavlfvbd3 `mtmsba p`mba`bUkxtm`muktmla h} tjb ibabxkf urhfm` ma p`mbatm ` xbpbkx jplgbtmgbp xbobxxbd tl kp mtmsba p`mba b`ka jbfu xkmpbkykxbabpp kad olptbx fl`kf baikibgbat ma db`mpmla gknmai! Mt`ka kfpl kppmpt ymtj tjb `lffb`tmla lo vkfrkhfb dktk! Ma ukxtm`rfkx&

`mtmsba p`mba`b jkp `lapmdbxkhfb ultbatmkf tl baikib ptknbjlfdbxpma kddxbppmai `lgufbz kad d}akgm` mpprbp pr`j kp hmldmvbxpmt}`lapbxvktmla *Hlz 0 -!

Tjb iflhkf uxlhfbg lo hmldmvbxpmt} flpp mp xbfktbdtl fl`kf mpprbppr`j kp rxhkamsktmla& maoxkptxr`trxb dbvbflugbat& bzukapmla lokixm`rftrxb& kad lvbx pjmai! Fl`kf `lggmtgbat `ka tjbxbolxbjbfu matbixktb hmldmvbxpmt} `la bxap ma ufkaamai db`mpmlap kadjkft tjb txbad lo ufkat kad kamgkf pub`mbp flpp! Ma kddmtmla& tjbxbmp ka rxibat abbd olx hmldmvbxpmt} dktk& kp ma`lgufbtb `lvbxkib lo

puktmkf kad tkzlalgm`kf madm`ktlxp gknbp mt dm `rft tl lhtkma kak``rxktb lvbxvmby lo tjb ptktb lo hmldmvbxpmt} *Hrt`jkxt bt kf! 85;5-!Pktbffmtbp kad ltjbx `lggla xbgltb pbapmai tb jam{rbp kfflybptmgktbp lo tjb bztbat kad uxldr`tmvmt} lo dm bxbat b`lp}ptbgpkad lo pub`mbp dmvbxpmt}ma tjb `kpb lo txbb `lvbx& olx bzkgufb!Jlybvbx& pr j tb jam{rbp kxb alt prmtkhfb olx kppbppgbatp lovkxmktmlap ma gka} lo tjb `lgulabatp lo hmlflim`kf dmvbxpmt}! Matjb `kpb lo glpt b`lflim`kf ixlrup& pr j kp hmxdp& hrttbx mbp lxkgujmhmkap& jrgka lhpbxvbxp kxb abbdbd olx pub`mbp pkgufmaikad xb liamtmla& yjbxbkp krtlgktm` dbvm`bp `ka hb rpbd kad`lghmabd tl bptmgktb tjb dmvbxpmt} ukttbxap lo gm`xllxikampgp*@lrvbt bt kf! 855:-!

_lfratbbx glamtlxmai p`jbgbp `ka matbixktb tjb `lffb`tmla lohkpm` dktk ymtj dkmf} k`tmvmtmbp& pr`j kp pjmai *Fbvxbf bt kf! 85;5-!Rpmai ptktblotjbkxt prxvb} dbpmiap lx dktkkakf}pmp gbtjldp&tjbpb p`jbgbp uxlvmdb xbfktmvbf} xbfmkhfb dktk kad tjbxbolxb }mbfdrahmkpbd xbprftp! Tjb {rkfmt} lo tjb dktk `lffb`tbd h} vlfratbbxpmp glxb fmnbf} tl hb dbtbxgmabd h} prxvb} dbpmia& kakf}tm`kfgbtjldlfli} kad `lggram`ktmla pnmffp ymtjma p`jbgbp tjka h}mavlfvbgbat lo vlfratbbxp ma mtpbfo *P`jgbffbx bt kf! 855=-!

K` lxdmai tl k Brxlubka prxvb}& tjbxb kxb ?80 p`jbgbp olxglamtlxmai pub`mbp kad jkhmtktp& ymtj vlfratbbx mavlfvbgbatpuxbkd lvbx02 Brxlubka `lratxmbp kadukxtm`muktmla h} glxb tjka;55 555 vlfratbbxp! Ma ukxtm`rfkx& pub`mbp glamtlxmai p`jbgbppr`j kp hmxd `lratp mavlfvb k jmij fbvbf lo vlfratbbxp `lgukxbd tluxlobppmlakfp *BrGla85;5-! Kfglpt jkfo tjbpbp`jbgbp kxboradbd

aktmlakff} *49 ubx `bat-& labtjmxd *prh-xbimlakff}& kad ;; ubx `batuxmvktbf}! P`mbatm ` ixkatp k``lrat olx laf} 4 ubx `bat lo oradmai&kftjlrij p`mbatm ` matbxbpt mp tjb gkma xbkpla olx fkra`jmai pr`jp`jbgbp * Omirxb : -!

Ma Oxka b tjbxb kxb glamtlxmai p jbgbp& dbvbflubd kadlubxktbd h} p`mbatmptp& ma yjm j vlfratbbxp uxlvmdb 92 ubx`bat lo orfftmgb ptk ai! K xb`bat ptrd} priibptp tjkt pub`mbp

glamtlxmai `rxxbatf} `kxxmbd lrt h} Oxba`j vlfratbbxp ylrfd `lptRP$5!: gmffmla tl 2!0 gmffmla ubx }bkx mo uxlobppmlakfp ybxb jmxbdmaptbkd *Fbvxbf bt kf! 85;5-!

@mtmsba glamtlxmai p jbgbp `ka kfpl bajka b tjb ulfm }uxl bpp! P`jbgbp tjkt mavlfvb fl`kf ublufb& kad dmxb`tf} kppbpp

bavmxlagbatkf xbplrx b `jkaibp tjkt mguk`t tjbg& kxb lotbavbx} b b`tmvb kt ma rba`mai xbplrx`b gkakibgbat db`mpmlapkad `ka xbdr`b tjb tmgb mt tknbp olx db`mpmlap tl hb mgufbgbatbd*Dkambfpba bt kf! 85;5-! Abvbxtjbfbpp& tjb ultbatmkf olx fl kff}hkpbd glamtlxmai p jbgbp xbgkmap fkxibf} rabzuflxbd madbvbflumai `lratxmbp! Oradmai `laptxkmatp kad fmgmtbd bzubxtmpbkxb pmiam `kat `laptxkmatp ma tjbpb `lratxmbp yjmfb hmldmvbxpmt} mplotba xm`jbx& kad ublufb kxb glxb dmxb`tf} dbubadbat la aktrxkfxbplrx`bp& tjka ma dbvbflubd labp *Dkambfpba bt kf! 855:-!

Matbixktbd pub`mbpglamtlxmai uxlixkggbp olx pbfb`tbdfkad kamgkfp& hrttbx mbp kad ufkatp `ka hb mamtmktbd ymtj gldbptaka`mkf kppmptka`b! Mt mp bptmgktbd tjkt mt ylrfd `lpt khlrt

RP$25 555 ubx `lratx} ubx }bkx tl dbvbflu umflt uxlcb`tp ymtj tjbilkf lo uxlvmdmai xmilxlrp ulurfktmla txbadp olx pbfb`tbd pub`mbph} 8585 ma xbimlap yjm`j kxb `rxxbatf} radbxglamtlxbd& pr`j kpprhPkjkxka Koxm`k& Plrtj Kgbxm`k kad Bkpt Kpmk *Ubxbmxk bt kf!85;5-!

Aby luulxtramtmbp tl lhpbxvb tjb bavmxlagbat kxb kfplbgbximai drb tl tjb xkumd dbvbflugbat lo glhmfb pbapmaitb`jalfli} *Prtjbxfkad bt kf! 85;5- * Hlz 4 -! Rpbxp `ka xbimptbx

Omirxb :3 Xbkplap olx fkra`jmai vlfratbbx glamtlxmai p`jbgbp ma Brxlub&bzuxbppbd kp ubx`batkibp! Glpt Brxlubka pub`mbp kad jkhmtkt glamtlxmaip`jbgbp kxb pbt ru olx p`mbatmom` urxulpbp *05 ubx `bat-! Tl k fbppbxbztbat& tjb} kxb fkra`jbd tl `lguf} ymtj BR dmxb`tmvbp& aktmlakf fkyp lxmatbxaktmlakf lhfmiktmlap! Lab'omotj lo tjb p`jbgbp kmg dmxb`tf} kt jkhmtktgkakibgbat kad xbptlxktmla!Plrx`b3 BrGla *85;5-

p`mbatm `matbxbpt *05"-

gkakibgbat,xbptlxktmla *85"-

ltjbx xbkpla *2"-

BR dmxb`tmvb *8;"-

ala'BR matbxaktmlakflhfmiktmla *4"-

aktmlakf fky *;:"-

al kapybx *8"-


25/92

;2B_BATP KAD DB_BFLUGBATP

Hlz 43 Maalvktmvb glhmfb ujlab glamtlxmai

Maalvktmvb glhmfb ujlab tb`jalflimbp kad kuufm`ktmlap pkvb fmvbp madmpkptbx kxbkp! Ulxtkfp jbfu `laab`t ublufb tl xbplrx`bp tl kmd dmpkptbxxb`lvbx} kad baikib ptknbjlfdbxp ma uxlhfbg plfvmai! Rpjkjmdm yjm`j gbkap tbptmgla} ma Pykjmfmplotykxb rpbd olx tjmp urxulpbykp mamtmkff} dbvbflubd tl gku xbulxtp lo vmlfba`b ma Nba}k olfflymaitjb 855: bfb`tmlap! Maolxgktmla ykp bz`jkaibd vmk PGP kad xbulxtpybxb vbxm bd h} kdgmamptxktlxp! Pmgmfkxf}& maolxgktmla uxlvmdbd h}`mtmsbap jbfubd tl mdbatmo} abbdp ma lld'jmt kxbkp lo Uknmptka ma 85;5kad dbtbxgmab tjb uxb`mpb fl`ktmlap lo dmpufk`bgbatp! Ka bzkgufbmp Uknxbulxt& pbt ru h} k ixlru lo madmvmdrkfp plla kotbx tjb lldphbika ma Crf}! Kaltjbx pbxvm`b bptkhfmpjbd h} RPKmd kfflybd ublufbtl pjkxb tjb fktbpt maolxgktmla kad rudktbp la xb`lvbx} b lxtp vmkPGP! Ma Uknmptka& yjm`j jkp glxb tjka == gmffmla glhmfb ujlabprhp`xmhbxp lrt lo k tltkf ulurfktmla lo ;95 gmffmla& tjbxb mp k vbx}jmij fbvbf lo k``bppmhmfmt} *MXMA 85;5-!

plrad& um`trxbp& vmdblp& Iflhkf Ulpmtmlamai P}ptbg `llxdmaktbpkad ltjbx dktk! Pr`j dktk `ka tjba hb ruflkdbd dmxb`tf} tl tjbmatbxabt vmk glhmfb abtylxnp uxlvmdmai xbkftmgb dktk kad hbrpbd olx glamtlxmai lo& olx bzkgufb& tjb bavmxlagbatkf pmtrktmladrxmai kad kotbx aktrxkf dmpkptbxp lx glamtlxmai lo ulffmaktlxp kadymfdfmob pbapmai! K xb`batf} fkra jbd bdr`ktmlakf uxlixkggbgknbp mt ulppmhfb olx }lrai ublufb ma gka} `lratxmbp tl prxvb}= jb`tkxbp lo txlum`kf olxbpt xbgltbf}! Ukxtm`mukatp xbulxt `jkaibplhpbxvbd ma tjbmx kffl`ktbd kxbk lo tjb olxbpt dmxb`tf} la k pbxvbxulxtkf!

Hlz 03 Ibt mavlfvbd ma `mtmsba p`mba`b uxlixkggbp la hmldmvbxpmt}Bkxtjdmvb3Iflhkf Dmvb Fli `latkmamai lhpbxvktmlakf dktk la nb}madm`ktlx pub`mbp kad jrgka madr`bd uxbpprxbp lo vkfrb ma gkxmab`lapbxvktmla! Ramtbd Aktmlap Bavmxlagbat Uxlixkggb'Ylxfd@lapbxvktmla Glamtlxmai @batxb *RABU'Y@G@-3 yyy!bkxtjdmvb!`lgUxlcb`t Utbxl@lrat3 Plrtj Kpmka Hkt Glamtlxmai Uxlixkggb! SllLrtxbk`j Lxikampktmla,Ymfdfmob Maolxgktmla Fmkmpla Dbvbflugbat, @jmxlutbxk @lapbxvktmla kad Maolxgktmla Abtylxn lo Plrtj Kpmk3yyy!utbxl`lrat!lxi,madbz!jtgf

XBBO@JB@N3Glamtlxmai kad `lapbxvktmla lo txlum`kf `lxkf xbbop kad@kfmolxamk xl`n} xbbop! Xbbo @jb`n Olradktmla3 jttu3,,xbbo`jb`n!lxi,

Plrtj Kgbxm`ka Ymfdfkadp Gkuumai3 Gkuumai kad kakf}pmp lo xlkdfbpp,radbvbflubd kxbkp ma @jmfb kad Kxibatmak! Uk`m ` Hmldmvbxpmt}Maptmtrtb3 yyy!uk`m `hml!lxi,jbfulrt,vlfratbbx'plrtj'kgbxm`k!jtgfTxbbykt`j3 Lhpbxvmai kad xb`lxdmai `jkaibp ma tjb jbkftj lo kakdlutbd txbb! P}fvk Olradktmla3 jttu3,,p}fvk!lxi!rn,txbbykt`j,

K vlfratbbx ma Uxlcb`t Utbxl@lrat rpbp k hkt dbtb`tlx kt k glamtlxmai pmtb! Glamtlxmai kamgkfp pr`j kp tjb Abukfbpb g}ltmp hkt pjlya jbxb *G}ltmpamukfbapmp- la k xbirfkx hkpmp jbfup dbtbxgmab ulurfktmla txbadp!@xbdmt3 Pkacka Tjkuk


26/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;;?

Gmffbt jkxvbptbd ma Amibx! Bajka`bdkixlolxbptx} p`jbgbp ma Koxm`k jkvbhbabomtbd tjb bavmxlagbat& okxgbxpkad olld pb`rxmt}! Ma Amibx lvbx4!: gmffmla jb`tkxbp lo gmffbt kadplxijrg kxb hbmai ixlya la fkadyjbxb kixlolxbptx} mp uxk`tmpbd!Plrx`b3 KXDD *85;5-! @xbdmt3RPDK,OKP,LIK

fkad rpb `jkaibp! Tjmp pjkxb mp uxlcb`tbd tl ma`xbkpb ma `lgmaidb`kdbp! Mt mp bptmgktbd tjkt kixm`rftrxb jkp tjb ultbatmkf tlpb{rbptbx ru tl =5 ubx `bat lo mtp tltkf `kxhla bgmppmlap *KXDD85;5-! Tjb `jkffbaib mp tl ad yk}p tl rpb aktrxkf xbplrx bp makixm`rftrxb& olxbptx} kad pjbxmbp prptkmakhf} ymtjlrt dbufbtmai

tjbg! Tjb xpt Iflhkf @laobxba`b la Kixm`rftrxb& Olld Pb`rxmt} kad@fmgktb @jkaib& jbfd maTjb Jkirb& tjb Abtjbxfkadp& ma Alvbghbx85;5& uxlvmdbd k olxrg yjbxb ulfm`} gknbxp dmp`rppbd uxk`tm`kfplfrtmlap tjkt `ka k`jmbvb txmufb ymap3 `fmgktb `jkaib kdkutktmla&gmtmiktmla kad olld pb`rxmt}! Mt ymff tknb k vkxmbt} lo tllfp tl mguxlvbbzmptmai fkad uxk tm`bp kad jrphkadx} kad pb{rbptbx `kxhla maplmfp kad ufkat hmlgkpp! Tjb} ma`frdb xbptlxktmla lo dbixkdbdkixm`rftrxkf fkadp`kubp& yktbx `lapbxvktmla kad jkxvbptmai& ubpt

kad dmpbkpb `latxlf& plmf kad artxmbat gkakibgbat& `lapbxvktmlakad gkmatbaka`b lo `xlu dmvbxpmt} tjxlrij `latxmhrtmlap tlhbab tpjkxmai gb`jkampgp& b `mbat jkxvbptmai kad bkxf}txkapolxgktmla lo kixm`rftrxkf uxldr`tp tl xbdr`b ulptjkxvbptflppbp& babxi} `lapbxvktmla kad ykptb gmamgmsktmla *MD8B 85;5-! Tjb pr``bpporf xb`lvbx} lo dbpbxtm bd fkad ma @jmak mp ka bzkgufblo jly dbpbxtm `ktmla `ka hb xbvbxpbd kad xb fkmgbd fkad urthk`n matl kixm`rftrxkf uxldr`tmla * Hlz 2 -!

Prptkmakhfb kixm`rftrxkf dbvbflugbat Olld pb`rxmt} xbgkmabd k `la`bxa ma 85;5& kp xmpmai iflhkf olld`laprgutmla& `jkaimai dmbtp kad `fmgktb vrfabxkhmfmt} ufk`bdptxbppbp la uxldr`tmla! Ylxfd yjbkt uxldr`tmla mp uxlcb`tbdtl ma`xbkpb h} ;!2 gmffmla tlaabp ma 85;5,;;& `lgukxbd ymtj ka

ma xbkpb ma yjbkt `laprgutmla lo 8!2 gmffmla tlaabp *RPDK85;5-! Tjmxt}pmz lo tjb 25 `lratxmbp yjlpb olld pruufmbp kxb glptkt xmpn drb tl bztxbgb dxlrijtp& jmij ulvbxt} xktbp& kad ullxmaoxkptxr`trxb olx txkapulxtmai kixm`rftrxkf uxldr`tp kxb ma Koxm`k&ukxtm`rfkxf} prhPkjkxka Koxm`k *Gkufb`xlot 85;5h-! Fllnmai hk`nkt 8559,855:& kakf}pmp pjlyp tjkt ma`xbkpmai lmf uxm`bp& ixbktbxdbgkad olx hmlorbfp kad bzulxt xbptxm`tmlap& kglai ltjbx ok`tlxp&k b`tbd ylxfd `bxbkf uxm`bp kad `latxmhrtbd tl tjb iflhkf olld`xmpmp *Jbkd} kad Oka 85;5-!

Ylxfd olld uxldr`tmla abbdp tl ma`xbkpb h} 95 ubx `bat tlobbd ka bzub`tbd ylxfd ulurfktmla lo glxb tjka = hmffmla h} 8525*MD8B 85;5-! Ma kddmtmla& tjb ylxfdp uxmgkx} hmlgkpp dbgkad mpuxlcb`tbd tl ma`xbkpb tl ; ?54; =28 gmffmla tlaabp lo lmf b{rmvkfbath} 8505 dbubadmai la tjb kvkmfkhmfmt} lo prxufrp kixm`rftrxkf fkad*LB@D,MBK 85;5-! Kixm`rftrxb uxlvmdbp k fmvbfmjlld olx 92 ubx `batlo tjb ullx ma dbvbflumai `lratxmbp! Orxtjbxglxb& lvbx labtjmxdlo dmxb`t iflhkf `kxhla bgmppmlap kxb drb tl kixm`rftrxb kad ltjbx


27/92

Pkad hkxxmbxp gkdb lo ptxky kad xlffbd xbbdp kxb ymdbf} rpbd tl `lghkt dbpbxtmom`ktmma @jmak! Pbgm'hrxmbd& kad kxxkaibd ma k `jb`nbxhlkxd ukttbxa& tjb} ptkhmfmsb tjb prxok`b! Ltjbx tb`jam{rbp ma`frdb ufkatmai ixkppbp& pjxrhp kad txbbp& bz`kvktmai hrxmplmfp& kad mxxmiktmla!@xbdmt3 Amaizmk Olxbpt Hrxbkr

Ixkubp kad ltjbx oxrmtp& vbibtkhfbp& `bxbkfp kad gbdm`makf ufkatp kxb ixlya la xb`fkmfkad! Amaizmkp aby vmab}kxdp kad ymabxmbp kxb `xbktmai clhp kp ybff kp jbfumai tl `dbpbxtmom`ktmla!@xbdmt3 Amaizmk Olxbpt Hrxbkr

B_BATP KAD DB_BFLUGBATP;9

Hlz 23 Xbvbxpmai dbpbxtmom`ktmla maAmaizmk& @jmak

Tjb Amaizmk Jrm Krtlalglrp Xbimla ma alxtjybpt @jmakmp lab lo tjb `lratx}p dxmbpt kad fbkpt dbvbflubd kxbkp!Amaizmk gkmaf} `lapmptp lo pkad} fkad& dbpbxt ptbuub kad

pjmotmai pkadp! Kxlrad : 995 555 jb`tkxbp& lx 29 ubx `bat lo tjb xbimlap tltkf fkad kxbk& jkp bzubxmba`bd dbpbxtm `ktmla&fkad dbixkdktmla kad pjmotmai pkadp& k b`tmai lvbx0 gmffmla ublufb lx kuuxlzmgktbf} ?5 ubx `bat lo Amaizmkpulurfktmla! Plgb ; 085 555 jb`tkxbp lo kixm`rftrxkf fkadkad ; 8;5 555 jb`tkxbp lo dbpbxt ptbuub kad ixkppfkad&kppl`mktbd ymtj glxb tjka ?55 vmffkibp& kxb kt xmpn lo orxtjbxdbpbxtm `ktmla!Jlybvbx& Amaizmk mp kfpl lab lo tjb kxbkp yjbxb dbpbxtm bdfkad jkp pr``bpporff} hbba xb`lvbxbd olx kixm`rftrxb!

K dbpbxtm `ktmla gkakibgbat kuuxlk`j tjkt `lghmabpxbirfktmlap& `jkaibp ma kdgmamptxktmvb uxl`bdrxbp&prptkmakhfb dbvbflugbat ma`batmvbp kad urhfm`'uxmvktbukxtabxpjmup jkp ma`xbkpbd tjb kglrat lo fkad radbx`rftmvktmla! Tjmp kuuxlk`j kfpl `latxmhrtbp tl tjbdbvbflugbat lo k ixbba b`lalg} kad tl clh `xbktmla!Hbpmdbp tjb k`tmvmtmbp lo okxgbxp& madmvmdrkf jlrpbjlfdpkad ltjbxp& ixbba batbxuxmpbp jkvb hbba tknmai ukxt maxbolxbptktmla& tjb ufkatmai lo vmab}kxdp& jbxhkf gbdm`mabpkad kuufb lx`jkxdp& kad tjb `laptxr`tmla lo ymabxmbp kadka kuufb crm`b ok`tlx}!Okxgbxp ma Amaizmk kxb ba`lrxkibd tl uxk`tmpb `lapbxvktmlakixm`rftrxb kad artxmbat gkakibgbat! Tjb kxbk la yjm`j`kpj `xlup pr`j kp ixkubp& gbflap& @jmabpb ylfohbxxmbpkad kuxm`ltp kxb hbmai ixlya jkp ma`xbkpbd& kad ixlymai@jmabpb bujbdxk ufkatp rpbd ma txkdmtmlakf gbdm`mab mpba`lrxkibd! Tjb gbtjldp rpbd tl uxltb`t ufkatp ma Amaizmkpjkxpj kxmd `fmgktb ma`frdb hkap la luba ixksmai h} pjbbukad ilktp kad la tjb `lffb`tmla lo ymfd jbxhp kad bdmhfbhfk`n glpp * Ofkibffmolxg alptl` -!

Fkxib'p`kfb uxlcb`tp tl xbvbxpb dbpbxtm `ktmla maAmaizmk ma`frdb tjb Pjkultlr dkg la tjb ]bfflyXmvbx& mxxmiktmla p`jbgbp& kad tjb `laptxr`tmla lo glxbtjka 855 555 jb`tkxbp lo kxtm `mkf lkpbp& yjbxb lvbx855 555 gmixkatp oxlg dbpbxtm `ktmla'uxlab kxbkp kxbhbmai xbpbttfbd! Ma tjb `lrat} lo ]ka`jm kflab&8=0 555 jb`tkxbp jkvb hbba ufkatbd ymtj txbbp& pjxrhpkad ixkppbp& 00 555 jb`tkxbp lo glvmai pkad drabp jkvbhbba ptkhmfmsbd& kad :5 555 jb`tkxbp lo dbixkdbd dbpbxtptbuub kad ixkppfkad jkvb hbba xbvbibtktbdkad xbjkhmfmtktbd! Tl xb`fkmg dbpbxtm bd kxbkp kad uxltb`t tjbg oxlg orxtjbxbxlpmla& prptkmakhfb kixm`rftrxb kad prptkmakhfb fkadgkakibgbat kxb bppbatmkf! Ma tjb `latbzt lo gmtmiktmai fkaddbixkdktmla kad dxlrijt dmpkptbx xmpn gkakibgbat& Amaizmkmp kfpl ol`rpmai la yktbx xbplrx`bp gkakibgbat kadhmldmvbxpmt} `lapbxvktmla ma dx}fkadp kad kxmd slabp!Plrx`b3 Ilvbxagbat lo Amaizmk Jrm Krtlalglrp Xbimla *85;5-


28/92

RABU ]BKX HLLN 85;;;:

Xbobxba`bpKXDD *85;5-! Tjbxb mp al `fmgktb pb`rxmt} ymtjlrt lld pb`rxmt} kad al lldpb`rxmt} ymtjlrt `fmgktb pb`rxmt}! Kixm`rftrxb kad Xrxkf Dbvbflugbat Dk}!Ptktbgbat! Pktrxdk} Db`bghbx 4& @ka`ra& Gbzm`l! jttu3,,``k p!`imkx!lxi,hfli,tjbxb'al'`fmgktb'pb`rxmt}'ymtjlrt' lld'pb`rxmt}'kad'al' lld'pb`rxmt}'ymtjlrt'`fmgktb'pb`rxmt}Hkxhmbx& B! *855=-! K Iflhkf Ixbba Aby Dbkf3 Xbtjmanmai tjb B`lalgm` Xb`lvbx}!Xbulxt uxbukxbd lx tjb B`lalgm`p kad Txkdb Hxka`j& Dmvmpmla l Tb`jalfli}&Madrptx} kad B`lalgm`p& Ramtbd Aktmlap Bavmxlagbat Uxlixkggb! jttu3,,yyy!rabu!lxi,ixbbab`lalg},ulxtkfp,05,dl`p,IIAD'Xbulxt'Kuxmf855=!ud Hxlya& F!X! *855=-! Ufka H 4!53 Glhmfmsmai tl Pkvb @mvmfmsktmla! Bkxtj Ulfm`} Maptmtrtb!jttu3,,yyy!bkxtj'ulfm`}!lxi,mgkibp,ruflkdp,hlln\ fbp,uh4hlln!ud Hrt`jkxt& P! J! G!& Ptrkxt& J! G!& Ykfulfb& G!& @lffba& H!& vka Ptxmba& K! btv kf! *85;5-!Iflhkf Hmldmvbxpmt}3 Madm`ktlxp l Xb`bat Db`fmabp! P`mba`b& 08: *2=:8-& ;;?4';;?:@HD *@lavbatmla la Hmlflim`kf Dmvbxpmt}- *85;5-! K aby bxk l fmvmai ma jkxgla}ymtj Aktrxb mp hlxa kt tjb Akil}k Hmldmvbxpmt} Prggmt! Uxbpp xbfbkpb jttu3,,yyy!`hd!mat,dl`,uxbpp,85;5,ux'85;5';5'8='`lu';5'ba!ud @lrvbt& D!& Cmirbt& O!& Crffmkxd& X!& Fbvxbf& J! kad Tb}ppbdxb& K! *855:-! Bajka`mai

`mtmsba `latxmhrtmlap tl hmldmvbxpmt} p`mba`b kad urhfm` ulfm`}!Matbxdmp`mufmakx} P`mba`b Xbvmbyp& 00*;-& =2';50! jttu3,,yyy!rabp`l!lxi,gkh,dl`,brxlgkh,855=,mpx!ud Dkambfpba& O!& Hrxibpp& A!D!& Hkfg lxd& K!& Dlakfd& U!O!& Oradbx& G!& Clabp& C!U!I!&Kfvmlfk& U!& Hkfbtb& D!P!& Hflghb}& T!& Hxkpjkxbp& C!& @jmfd& H!& Baijlo& G!& Ocbfdp& C!&Jlft& P!& Jhbxts& J!& Cbapba& K!B!& Cbapba& U!G!& Gkppkl& C!& Gbadlsk& G!G!& Aikik&]!& Ulrfpba& G!N!& Xrbdk& X!& Pkg& G!& Pnmbfhlb& T!& Ptrkxt'Jmff& I!& Tluu'Cxibapba&B! kad ]latba& D! *855:-! Fl`kf Ukxtm`muktmla ma Aktrxkf Xbplrx`b Glamtlxmai3 K@jkxk`tbxmsktmla l Kuuxlk`jbp!@lapbxvktmla Hmlfli} & 80*;-& 0;'48!Dkambfpba& O!& Hrxibpp& A! D!& Cbapba& U! G!& Umxjl bx'Ykfsf& N! *85;5-! Bavmxlagbatkfglamtlxmai3 tjb p`kfb kad pubbd l mgufbgbatktmla vkxmbp k``lxdmai tl tjb dbixbbl ublufbp mavlfvbgbat! Clrxakf lo Kuufmbd B`lfli} & 49*?-& ;;??';;?:

BrGla *85;5-! BR'ymdb glamtlxmai gbtjldp kad p}ptbgp l prxvbmfka`b lxpub`mbp kad jkhmtktp l @lggramt} matbxbpt! jttu3,,brgla!`no!pm,madbz;!ujuI85 Pblrf Prggmt *85;5-! Tjb Pblrf Prggmt Dl`rgbat! jttu3,,yyy!i85!rtlxlatl!`k,85;5,i85pblrf'dl`!ud IBO *Iflhkf Bavmxlagbat Ok`mfmt}- *85;5-! Aktmlakf @kuk`mt} Pbf 'Kppbppgbatp3Xbprftp kad Fbpplap Fbkxabd lx Iflhkf Bavmxlagbatkf Prptkmakhmfmt}!jttu3,,yyy!tjbib !lxi,ib ,pmtbp,tjbib !lxi, mfbp,urhfm`ktmla,A@PK'PX'ybh';55=;0!ud Ibxpjba bd& A!& Pkglrjlp& P! kad Alxdgka& H! *85;5-! Matbffmibat Ma xkptxr`trxblx Babxi} B `mba`}! P`mba`b& 089 *2=?=-& ;5:?';5::Iflhkf @la bxba`b la Kixm`rftrxb& Olld Pb`rxmt} kad @fmgktb @jkaib& Tjb Jkirb&

tjb Abtjbxfkadp& 0; L`tlhbx'2 Alvbghbx 85;5! @jkmxp Prggkx}! jttu3,,yyy!k ``la bxba`b!`lg, akf'xlkdgku' lx'k`tmlaIlvbxagbat l Amaizmk Jrm Krtlalglrp Xbimla *85;5-! Ilvbxagbatkf Irmdmai&Uxlcb`tp Gltmvktmai kad Urhfm` Ukxtm`muktmla tl Urpj lxykxd tjb Uxlixbpp @lghktmaiDbpbxtm `ktmla! Prggkx} Xbulxt @lghktmai Dbpbxtm `ktmla ma AmaizmkJbkdb}& D! kad Oka& P! *85;5-! Xb b`tmlap la tjb iflhkf lld `xmpmp 3 jly dmd mtjkuuba< jly jkp mt jrxt< kad jly `ka yb uxbvbat tjb abzt lab< MOUXM xbpbkx`jglalixkujMD8B *85;5-! Iflhkf @la bxba`b la Kixm`rftrxb& Olld Pb`rxmt} kad @fmgktb@jkaib& tjb Jkirb& tjb Abtjbxfkadp& 0; L`tlhbx'2 Alvbghbx 85;5! @jkmxpPrggkx}! yyy!k ``la bxba`b!`lg, akf'xlkdgku' lx'k`tmlaMBK *Matbxaktmlakf Babxi} Kiba`}- *85;5k-! Babxi} Tb`jalfli} Ubxpub`tmvbp85;5! P`bakxmlp kad Ptxktbimbp tl 8525! Bzb`rtmvb Prggkx}! jttu3,,yyy!mbk!lxi,tb`jal,btu,btu;5,Baifmpj!ud MBK *85;5h-! Ylxfd Babxi} Lrtflln 85;5! Uxbpbatktmla tl tjb uxbpp! Fladla&= Alvbghbx 85;5! jttu3,,yyy!ylxfdbabxi}lrtflln!lxi,dl`p,ybl85;5,ybl85;5\fladla\alv=!ud MMPD *Matbxaktmlakf Maptmtrtb lx Prptkmakhfb Dbvbflugbat- *85;5-! K xbulxt l tjb Jmij'fbvbf Ufbakx} Gbbtmai l tjb ?2tj Pbppmla l tjb RA Ibabxkf Kppbghf}

la tjb Gmffbaamrg Dbvbflugbat Ilkfp *GDIp-!GDI Prggmt Hrffbtma& ;20& =!jttu3,,yyy!mmpd!`k,dlyaflkd,ud ,pd,}ghvlf;20arg=b!ud MXMA *85;5-! Rpmai PGP tl umaulmat jrgkamtkxmka abbdp! MXMA Abyp 8: Pbutbghbxyyy!mxmaabyp!lxi,xbulxt!kpuz


29/92

;=B_BATP KAD DB_BFLUGBATP

;5';; Ckarkx}

Omxpt Matbxpbppmlakf Gbbtmai olx RA@laobxba`b la Prptkmakhfb Dbvbflugbat*RA@PD-& kfpl `kffbd Xml.85& Aby ]lxn&Ramtbd Ptktbpyyy!ra`pd85;8!lxi,

;;';8 Ckarkx}Omxpt Prptkmakhfb Maoxkptxr`trxb Omaka`maiPrggmt& Hkpbf& Pymtsbxfkadjttu3,,iflhkfbabxi}hkpbf!`lg,uxlixkggbkadpfmdbpibh85;;,

84'8: Ckarkx}Pb`lad Pbppmla lo tjb MatbxilvbxagbatkfAbiltmktmai @lggmttbb tl Uxbukxb k IflhkfFbikff} Hmadmai Maptxrgbat la Gbx`rx}*MA@8-& @jmhk& Ckukayyy!rabu!lxi,jkskxdlrpprhptka`bp,Gbx`rx},Abiltmktmlap,MA@8,tkhmd,04?:,fkairkib,baRP,Dbokrft!kpuz

84 Ckarkx}'4 Obhxrkx}Amatj Pbppmla lo tjb RA Olxrg la Olxbptp*RAOO =-, Fkra`j lo tjb Matbxaktmlakf]bkxlo Olxbptp 85;;& RAOO Pb`xbtkxmkt& RAJbkd{rkxtbxp& Aby ]lxn& Ramtbd Ptktbpyyy!ra!lxi,bpk,olxbptp,pbppmla!jtgf

8? Ckarkx}'05 Ckarkx}Dkvlp Ylxfd B`lalgm` Olxrg&Pjkxbd Alxgpolx tjb Aby Xbkfmt}& Dkvlp& Pymtsbxfkadyyy!ybolxrg!lxi,bvbatp,ylxfdb`lalgm`olxrgkaarkfgbbtmai85;;

8 Obhxrkx}Lubamai olx pmiaktrxb lo tjb Akil}k Uxltl`lfla K``bpp tl Ibabtm` Xbplrx`bp kad tjb Okmxkad B{rmtkhfb Pjkxmai lo Hbab tp Kxmpmaioxlg tjbmx Rtmfmsktmla tl tjb @lavbatmlala Hmlflim`kf Dmvbxpmt}& Ramtbd AktmlapJbkd{rkxtbxp& Aby ]lxn& Ramtbd Ptktbpyyy!`hd!mat,gbbtmaip,

0'2 Obhxrkx}Ujlpujlxrp& Olld kad Lrx Ortrxb3Prptkmakhfb Ujlpujlxrp Prggmt& KxmslakPtktb Ramvbxpmt}& Tbgub @kgurp& Tbgub&Ramtbd Ptktbpjttu3,,plfp!kpr!bdr,oxlatmbxp,85;;,madbz!uju

;5';; Obhxrkx}Lxikampktmla olx B`lalgm` @llubxktmla kadDbvbflugbat *LB@D- Ixbba Ixlytj Ptxktbi}Ylxnpjlu& LB@D Jbkd{rkxtbxp& Ukxmp& Oxka`bjttup3,,yyy!lb`d!lxi,dl`rgbat,2?,5&0040&ba\8?4=\094?2\4?08:0;8\;\;\;\;&55!jtgf

;4';: Obhxrkx}Xbirfkx uxl`bpp olx iflhkf xbulxtmai kadkppbppgbat lo tjb ptktb lo tjb gkxmabbavmxlagbat& ma`frdmai pl`mlb`lalgm`kpub`tp *Xbirfkx Uxl`bpp-& Gbbtmai lo tjbIbabxkf Kppbghf} Kd Jl` Ylxnmai Ixlrulo tjb Yjlfb& RA Jbkd{rkxtbxp& Aby ]lxn&Ramtbd Ptktbpyyy!ra!lxi,Dbutp,flp,iflhkf\xbulxtmai,iflhkf\xbulxtmai!jtg

8;'84 Obhxrkx}

Tybat}pmztj Pbppmla lo tjb RABU Ilvbxamai@lra`mf,Iflhkf Gmampt

unep yearbook 2011 (onu-unep 2011)

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