ubi comp2009 hydro sense final
DESCRIPTION
A project I worked with Jon Froehlich on presented at UbiComp 2009TRANSCRIPT
Infrastructure-Mediated Single-Point Sensing of Whole-Home Water Activity
design:use:build:
univ. of washington
computer scienceand engineering
Jon Froehlich1, Eric Larson2, Tim Campbell3, Conor Haggerty4, James Fogarty1, Shwetak N. Patel1,2
1Computer Science & Engineering, 2Electrical Engineering,3Mechanical Engineering, 4Community, Environment, and Planning
water scarcity
barcelona, spain
lake mead, nevada
average indoor household water usage per person/day (70 gpd)
Dishwasher
Baths
Other Domestic
Leaks
Faucets
Showers
Clothes Washer
Toilets
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
what are the most consuming water activities in your home?
Vickers, 2001
• single-point pressure-based sensor of water usage
• identifies water usage activity down to fixture level (e.g., toilet)
• provides estimates of flow at each fixture
hydrosense
hydrosensetoilet
kitchen sink
shower
Pressure Sensor
16-bit ADC20 MHz
Microcontroller
Class 1 Bluetooth
Radio
3D-Printed Enclosure
the hydrosensor prototype
water tower
brief plumbing primer
water tower
incoming cold water from supply line
40 psi
100 psi
1 psi = 6.89 kpabrief plumbing primer
water tower
incoming cold water from supply line
pressure regulator
pipe layout
water tower
incoming cold water from supply line
thermal expansion
tank
laundry
bathroom 1hose
spigot
hot water heater bathroom
2
kitchen
dishwasher
pressure regulator
closed pressure system
incoming cold water from supply line
thermal expansion
tank
laundry
bathroom 1hose
spigot
hot water heater bathroom
2
kitchen
dishwasher
pressure regulator
water tower
hot water heater drain
valve
hot water heater
water tower
incoming cold water from supply line
thermal expansion
tank
laundry
bathroom 1hose
spigot
bathroom 2
kitchen
dishwasher
pressure regulator
hot water heater
some possible installation points
raw bathroom sink signal
stabilized pressure drop
openvalve
closevalve
time (t)
detecting water usage events
1. detect a water event
2. classify event as “open” or “close”
3. determine source of event (e.g., toilet, kitchen sink).
4. provide flow estimate
-2
0
2
44
46
48
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4542
44
46
48
50
raw pressure
(psi)
smoothed pressure
derivative
event detection
time (s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4542
44
46
48
50
44
46
48
-2
0
2
event detection
!
critical change in pressure
raw pressure
(psi)
smoothed pressure
derivative
time (s)
time(s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4542
44
46
48
50
44
46
48
-2
0
2
event detection
time(s)
!!
critical stabilization point
raw pressure
(psi)
smoothed pressure
derivative
time (s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4542
44
46
48
50
44
46
48
-2
0
2
event detection
time(s)
!!
raw pressure
(psi)
smoothed pressure
derivative = valve open event
pressure decreaseand
negative initial derivative
time (s)
automatically detected event
valve open event
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4542
44
46
48
50
44
46
48
-2
0
2
event detection
time(s)
raw pressure
(psi)
smoothed pressure
derivative
!!
valve open event
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4542
44
46
48
50
44
46
48
-2
0
2
event detection
time(s)
raw pressure
(psi)
smoothed pressure
derivative
!!
= valve close event
automatically detected event
valve open event
pressure increase
andpositive initial derivative
home 1 home 2 home 3
toile
tfa
ucet
show
er
example open events
signature dependent on:- fixture type- valve type- valve location in home
bath
tub
bath
fauc
et
kitc
hen
fauc
et
dish
was
her
toile
tsh
owe
r
unclassified open event open event library
fixture classification
detrendedunclassified
derivativeunclassified
cepstrumunclassified
bath
tub
bath
fauc
et
kitc
hen
fauc
et
dish
was
her
toile
t
unclassified open event
detrendedshower
derivativeshower
cepstrumshower
open event library
show
er
bath
tub
bath
fauc
et
kitc
hen
fauc
et
dish
was
her
toile
t
unclassified open event open event library
detrendedunclassified
derivativeunclassified
cepstrumunclassified cepstrumshower
detrendedshower
derivativeshower
possible events
matched filter
matched filter
matched filter
show
er
test similarity
bath
tub
bath
fauc
et
kitc
hen
fauc
et
dish
was
her
unclassified open event
detrendedunclassified
derivativeunclassified
cepstrumunclassified
possible eventscepstrumtoilet
detrendedtoilet
derivativetoilet
open event library
toile
t
bath
tub
bath
fauc
et
kitc
hen
fauc
et
dish
was
her
unclassified open event open event library
detrendedunclassified
derivativeunclassified
cepstrumunclassified
possible eventscepstrumtoilet
detrendedtoilet
derivativetoilet
matched filter
matched filter
matched filter
toile
t
possible events
unclassified open event open event library
detrendedunclassified
derivativeunclassified
cepstrumunclassified
bath
tub
bath
fauc
et
kitc
hen
fauc
et
dish
was
her
kitc
hen
fauc
et
dish
was
her
show
er
unclassified open event open event library
detrendedunclassified
derivativeunclassified
cepstrumunclassified
possible events
kitc
hen
fauc
et
dish
was
her
show
er
unclassified open event open event library
detrendedunclassified
derivativeunclassified
cepstrumunclassified
possible events
derivativeshower
derivativetoilet
show
er
dish
was
her
kitc
hen
fauc
et derivativekitchen faucet
unclassified open event open event library
derivativeunclassified
possible events
derivativeshower
derivativetoilet
show
er
dish
was
her
kitc
hen
fauc
et derivativekitchen faucet
nearest neighbor match
raw bathroom sink signal
stabilized pressure drop
open close
time (t)
this is ∆P
using ∆pressure to estimate flow
r
L
pipe
𝑄= ∆𝑃 𝜋 𝑟4 8 𝜇 𝐿 ≡ ∆𝑃 𝑅𝑓 poiseuille’s law:
𝑅𝑓 = ∆𝑃𝑄 ≡ 8 𝜇 𝐿𝜋 𝑟4 fluid resistance formula:
∆P = change in pressureL = length of piper = radius of pipeμ = viscosity of liquidQ = volumetric flow rate
using ∆pressure to estimate flow
r
L
pipe
∆P = change in pressureL = length of piper = radius of pipeμ = viscosity of liquidQ = volumetric flow rate𝑄= ∆𝑃 𝑅𝑓
water tower
incoming cold water from supply line
thermal expansion
tank
laundry
bathroom 1hose
spigot
hot water heater bathroom
2
kitchen
dishwasher
pressure regulator
acquiring Rf
𝑅𝑓 = ∆𝑃 𝑄 𝑄= ∆𝑃 𝑅𝑓
in-home data collection
home profiles
ten locations- 8 houses- 1 apt / 1 cabin
size- avg: 2,300 sq ft- min: 750 sq ft- max: 4,000 sq ft
install point:- 8 hose bib- 1 water heater- 1 utility faucet
experimental protocol
- controlled experiments- 2 researchers per site
- 5 trials per valve- e.g., 5 cold / 5 hot for bathroom sink
- for each trial, valve open for 5 seconds, then closed
collecting flow data
- 4 / 10 homes gathered flow data
- measure time to fill 1 gallon in a calibrated bucket
- this provides Q, allowing us to solve for Rf - Rf = ∆P / Q
data collection stats
- ten locations- 706 trials- 155 flow rate trials- 84 total fixtures tested
• cross validation experiment• learn similarity thresholds from test data• classify each event per home using a leave-
one out method
classification results across homes
fixture classification results across homes
H1 (12 valves)
H2 (8 valves)
H3 (6 valves)
H4 (5 valves)
H5 (9 valves)
H6 (8 valves)
H7 (8 valves)
H8 (6 valves)
H9 (7 valves)
H10 (7 valves)
Aggregate Overall
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% 98.9% 97.9%96.8%
Open Events Close Events
fixture classification results across homes
H1 (12 valves)
H2 (8 valves)
H3 (6 valves)
H4 (5 valves)
H5 (9 valves)
H6 (8 valves)
H7 (8 valves)
H8 (6 valves)
H9 (7 valves)
H10 (7 valves)
Aggregate
Overall50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Open Events Close Events97.9%
Sinks Toilets Showers Bathtubs Clothes Washer
Dishwasher0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%98
%
99%
96%
100%
100%
100%
95%
98%
89% 10
0%
100%
Open Events Close Events
fixture classification results across fixtures
flow estimation results
HomeAvg Error
(GPM)Stdev Error
(GPM)Avg Error
(%)Stdev
Error (%)H1
(7 valves)0.17 0.13 7.3 6.7
H4 (6 valves)
0.19 0.17 5.6 5.3
H5 (8 valves)
0.13 0.11 4.5 5.5
H7 (8 valves)
0.67 1.47 22.2 46.0
flow estimation results
HomeAvg Error
(GPM)Stdev Error
(GPM)Avg Error
(%)Stdev
Error (%)H1
(7 valves)0.17 0.13 7.3 6.7
H4 (6 valves)
0.19 0.17 5.6 5.3
H5 (8 valves)
0.13 0.11 4.5 5.5
H7 (4 valves)
0.15 0.18 4.5 3.8
water tower
incoming cold water from supply line
thermal expansion
tank
laundry
bathroom 1hose
spigot
hot water heater bathroom
2
kitchen
dishwasher
pressure regulator
acquiring Rf
𝑅𝑓 = ∆𝑃 𝑄 𝑄= ∆𝑃 𝑅𝑓
water tower
incoming cold water from supply line
thermal expansion
tank
laundry
bathroom 1hose
spigot
hot water heater bathroom
2
kitchen
dishwasher
pressure regulator
acquiring Rf
𝑅𝑓 = ∆𝑃 𝑄 𝑄= ∆𝑃 𝑅𝑓
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
H1 H4H5 H7
Number of Samples
Aver
age
Erro
r (G
PM)
flow estimation using interpolated Rf
After 5 Rf samples, average error is 0.27 GPM
future work: hydrosense 2.0
longitudinal data collection
water feedback interfaces
Jon Froehlich Eric Larson Tim Campbell
Conor Haggerty James Fogarty Shwetak Patel
Infrastructure-Mediated Single-Point Sensing of Whole-Home Water Activity
design:use:build:
univ. of washington
computer scienceand engineering
Jon Froehlich1, Eric Larson2, Tim Campbell3, Conor Haggerty4, James Fogarty1, Shwetak N. Patel1,2
1Computer Science & Engineering, 2Electrical Engineering,3Mechanical Engineering, 4Community, Environment, and Planning
[email protected]://sustain.cs.washington.edu/blog
flow estimation
traditional inline water meter
typical water meters
- only provide aggregate information on water usage
- require pipe modification for installation
matched filtering
save maximumsimilaritysi
mila
rity
matched filtering
new maximumsimilarity
sim
ilarit
y